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Biocontrol mechanisms of poplar leaf blight due to Nigrospora oryzae. 由 Nigrospora oryzae 引起的杨树叶枯病的生物防治机制。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14556
Jin Han, Zhantong Lu, Huifang Zhang, Shida Ji, Bin Liu, Ning Kong, Yongfeng Yang, Baoyue Xing, Zhihua Liu

Nigrospora oryzae, a newly identified pathogen, is responsible for poplar leaf blight, causing significant harm to poplar growth. Here, we describe, for the first time, a biological control method for the control of poplar leaf blight via the applications of 3 dominant Trichoderma strains/species. In this study, dominant Trichoderma species/strains with the potential for biocontrol were identified and then further characterised via dual culture assays, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and culture filtrates. The biocontrol efficacy of these strains against N. oryzae was found to exceed 60%. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap) leaves pretreated with these Trichoderma strains significantly decreased. Furthermore, pretreatment of PdPap with a combination of these Trichoderma (Tcom) resulted in 9.71-fold and 1.95-fold increases in peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, respectively, and 3.87-fold decrease in the MDA content compared to controls. Moreover, Tcom pretreatment activated the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathway-dependent defence responses of poplar, upregulating pathogenesis-related protein (PR) and MYC proto-oncogene (MYC-R) by more than 12-fold and 17.32-fold, respectively. In addition, Trichoderma treatments significantly increased the number of lateral roots, aboveground biomass, and stomata number and density of PdPap, and Tcom was superior to the single pretreatments. The soil pH also became weakly acidic in these pretreatments, which is beneficial for the growth of PdPap seedlings. These findings indicate that these dominant Trichoderma strains can effectively increase biocontrol and poplar growth promotion.

Nigrospora oryzae 是一种新发现的病原体,是杨树叶枯病的罪魁祸首,对杨树的生长造成严重危害。在此,我们首次描述了通过应用 3 种优势毛霉菌株/菌种来控制杨树叶枯病的生物防治方法。在这项研究中,我们确定了具有生物防治潜力的优势毛霉菌种/菌株,然后通过双重培养试验、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和培养滤液对其进行了进一步鉴定。发现这些菌株对 N. oryzae 的生物防治效力超过 60%。此外,用这些毛霉菌株预处理的杨树 × 白杨变种(PdPap)叶片中的活性氧(ROS)含量显著降低。此外,与对照组相比,用这些毛霉的组合(Tcom)预处理 PdPap 后,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高了 9.71 倍和 1.95 倍,MDA 含量降低了 3.87 倍。此外,Tcom 预处理激活了杨树依赖于水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)通路的防御反应,使致病相关蛋白(PR)和 MYC 原癌基因(MYC-R)分别上调了 12 倍和 17.32 倍以上。此外,毛霉处理显著增加了 PdPap 的侧根数量、地上生物量、气孔数量和密度,其中 Tcom 的效果优于单一预处理。在这些预处理中,土壤的 pH 值也变为弱酸性,这有利于 PdPap 幼苗的生长。这些研究结果表明,这些优势毛霉菌株能有效提高生物防治能力,促进杨树生长。
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引用次数: 0
Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Moisture Stress Tolerance in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) through Alleviating Oxidative Damages. 外源性褪黑素通过减轻氧化损伤增强芒果(Mangifera indica L.)的水分胁迫耐受性
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14566
Ajaya Kumar Trivedi, Sushil Kumar Shukla, Ghanshyam Pandey, Achal Singh

In subtropical regions, April to June represents a temporary moisture stress for mango trees, leading to huge economic loss. Although water is available in the deep root zone, the upper soil surface, which has fibrous roots, is dry, and the tree transpiration rate is high. Moisture stress causes an increased oxidation state, which is detrimental to fruit growth and development. Finding substitutes for moisture stress management is important for sustainable mango production. To manage this moisture stress in mango, we tested if foliar application of 20, 50, 100 and 150 μM melatonin helped to maintain a reduced oxidation state in the cells. Applications were made at three phenological stages of fruit development (marble, egg and mature fruit stages) in 16-year-old trees and the same plants for each treatment were followed over three years. Melatonin application indeed improved the fruit yield of mango. Moisture stress decreased yield by 55.94% compared to irrigated trees but only by 7.5% in melatonin treatment. Also, more 'A' grade fruits were harvested in irrigated and melatonin-treated conditions than in non-irrigated and non-treated conditions. Indeed, the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of moisture-stressed melatonin-treated trees (12.58 mg.g-1 fresh weight) was well above non-treated trees (6.77 mg.g-1) and similar to irrigated trees (12.50 mg.g-1). A dose-dependent increase in the chlorophyll content of melatonin-treated plants was found. Similarly, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxidase dismutase enzymes in leaves of irrigated and melatonin-treated trees were lower than in non-irrigated condition, and superoxide free radial formation was lower in moisture-stressed melatonin-treated trees (0.77 nmol H2O2.mg-1 protein) and irrigated trees (0.65) than moisture-stressed non-treated trees (4.27). Significant variations was found in antioxidants (total, reduced and oxidized glutathione and ascorbate) content and antioxidant enzymes' activities (i.e., glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) in irrigated, melatonin-treated and non-irrigated conditions. Overall, 150 μM exogenous melatonin applied three times at different fruit development stages may be a sustainable and useful approach to manage transient moisture stress in mango trees thanks to its positive action on the antioxidant system.

在亚热带地区,4 月至 6 月是芒果树的临时水分胁迫期,会导致巨大的经济损失。虽然根系深层有水,但土壤上层的须根表面却很干燥,树木的蒸腾率很高。水分胁迫会导致氧化状态加剧,不利于果实的生长和发育。寻找水分胁迫管理的替代品对于芒果的可持续生产非常重要。为了控制芒果的湿度胁迫,我们测试了叶面喷施 20、50、100 和 150 μM 褪黑激素是否有助于维持细胞的低氧化状态。在果实发育的三个物候期(大理石期、卵期和成熟果期)对 16 年树龄的果树施用褪黑激素,并对每种处理的相同植株进行了为期三年的跟踪观察。施用褪黑素确实提高了芒果的产量。与灌溉果树相比,水分胁迫使产量降低了 55.94%,但褪黑激素处理仅降低了 7.5%。此外,在灌溉和褪黑激素处理条件下收获的 "A "级果实比非灌溉和未处理条件下多。事实上,经褪黑激素处理的水分胁迫果树叶片总叶绿素含量(12.58 mg.g-1 鲜重)远高于未处理果树(6.77 mg.g-1),与灌溉果树(12.50 mg.g-1)相近。经褪黑素处理的植物叶绿素含量的增加与剂量有关。同样,灌溉和褪黑激素处理过的树木叶片中过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物酶歧化酶的活性低于非灌溉条件下,水分胁迫下褪黑激素处理过的树木(0.77 nmol H2O2.mg-1 蛋白质)和灌溉树木(0.65)的超氧化物自由径向形成低于水分胁迫下的非处理树木(4.27)。在灌溉、褪黑激素处理和非灌溉条件下,抗氧化剂(总、还原和氧化谷胱甘肽和抗坏血酸)含量和抗氧化酶活性(即谷胱甘肽还原酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)均存在显著差异。总之,在果实的不同发育阶段三次施用 150 μM 的外源褪黑激素可能是管理芒果树瞬时水分胁迫的一种可持续且有用的方法,这要归功于它对抗氧化系统的积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and characterization of a key LcTPS in the biosynthesis of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in Litchi fruit. 荔枝果中挥发性单萜和倍半萜生物合成过程中关键 LcTPS 的鉴定和特征描述。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14559
Liyu Fu, Qiuzi Chen, Yawen Li, Yanlan Li, Xuequn Pang, Zhaoqi Zhang, Fang Fang

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a desirable sweet taste and exotic aroma, making it popular in the markets. However, the biosynthesis of aroma volatiles in litchi fruit has rarely been investigated. In this study, the content and composition of volatile compounds were determined during litchi fruit ripening. In the mature green and mature red stages of litchi, 49 and 45 volatile compounds were detected, respectively. Monoterpenes were found to be the most abundant volatile compounds in mature red fruit, and their contents significantly increased compared to green fruit, mainly including citronellol, geraniol, myrcene, and D-limonene, which contributed to the aroma in litchi fruit. By comparing the expression profiles of the genes involved in the terpene synthesis pathway during fruit development, a terpene synthesis gene (LcTPS1-2) was identified and characterized as a major player in the synthesis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. A subcellular localization analysis found LcTPS1-2 to be present in the plastid and cytoplasm. The recombinant LcTPS1-2 enzyme was able to catalyze the formation of three monoterpenes, myrcene, geraniol and citral, from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and to convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to a sesquiterpene, caryophyllene in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LcTPS1-2 exclusively released one monoterpene D-limonene, and three sesquiterpenes cis-thujopsene, (E)-β-famesene and trans-β-ionone. These results indicate that LcTPS1-2 plays an important role in the production of major volatile terpenes in litchi fruit and provides a basis for future investigations of terpenoid biosynthesis in litchi and other horticultural crops.

荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)具有令人向往的甜味和奇特香气,因此在市场上很受欢迎。然而,有关荔枝果实香气挥发物生物合成的研究却很少。本研究测定了荔枝果实成熟过程中挥发性化合物的含量和组成。在荔枝成熟的绿色和成熟的红色阶段,分别检测到 49 种和 45 种挥发性化合物。研究发现,单萜是成熟红果中含量最高的挥发性化合物,与绿果相比,其含量明显增加,主要包括香茅醇、香叶醇、月桂烯和D-柠檬烯,它们对荔枝果的香气起着重要作用。通过比较果实发育过程中萜烯合成途径相关基因的表达谱,发现了一个萜烯合成基因(LcTPS1-2),该基因是合成单萜和倍半萜的主要角色。亚细胞定位分析发现 LcTPS1-2 存在于质体和细胞质中。重组的 LcTPS1-2 酶能够在体外催化由焦磷酸香叶酯(GPP)形成三种单萜烯--月桂烯、香叶醇和柠檬醛,并将二磷酸法尼酯(FPP)转化为倍半萜--石竹烯。过表达 LcTPS1-2 的转基因拟南芥植株只释放一种单萜 D-柠檬烯和三种倍半萜顺式-柚烯、(E)-β-焰烯烃和反式-β-酮。这些结果表明,LcTPS1-2 在荔枝果实中主要挥发性萜类化合物的生产中发挥着重要作用,为今后研究荔枝和其他园艺作物中萜类化合物的生物合成提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-wide identification of sweet potato U-Box E3 ubiquitin ligases and roles of IbPUB52 in negative regulation of drought stress. 甘薯 U-Box E3 泛素连接酶的全基因组鉴定以及 IbPUB52 在干旱胁迫负调控中的作用。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14568
Shanwu Lyu, Yaping Mao, Yi Zhang, Tianli Yu, Xuangang Yang, Hongbo Zhu, Shulin Deng

The plant U-box (PUB) proteins, a family of ubiquitin ligases (E3) enzymes, are pivotal in orchestrating many biological processes and facilitating plant responses to environmental stressors. Despite their critical roles, exploring the PUB gene family's characteristics and functional diversity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) has been notably limited. There were 81 IbPUB genes identified within the sweet potato genome, and they were categorized into eight distinct groups based on domain architecture, revealing a non-uniform distribution across the 15 chromosomes of I. batatas. The investigation of cis-acting elements has shed light on the potential of PUBs to participate in a wide array of biological processes, particularly emphasizing their role in mediating responses to abiotic stresses. Transcriptome profiles revealed that IbPUB genes displayed a wide range of expression levels among different tissues and were regulated by salt or drought stress. IbPUB52 has emerged as a gene of significant interest due to its induction by salt and drought stresses. Localization studies have confirmed the presence of IbPUB52 in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and its ubiquitination activity has been validated through rigorous in vitro and in vivo assays. Intriguingly, the heterogeneous expression of IbPUB52 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased drought tolerance. The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of IbPUB52 in sweet potatoes led to enhanced resistance to drought. This evidence suggests that IbPUB52 negatively regulates the drought tolerance of plants. The findings of this study are instrumental in advancing our comprehension of the functional dynamics of PUB E3 ubiquitin ligases in sweet potatoes.

植物 U-box 蛋白(PUB)是泛素连接酶(E3)的一个家族,在协调许多生物过程和促进植物对环境胁迫的反应方面起着关键作用。尽管其作用至关重要,但对甘薯(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)中 PUB 基因家族的特征和功能多样性的探索却非常有限。在甘薯基因组中发现了 81 个 IbPUB 基因,根据结构域将其分为 8 个不同的组,发现它们在甘薯 15 条染色体上的分布并不均匀。对顺式作用元件的研究揭示了 PUBs 参与一系列生物过程的潜力,尤其强调了它们在介导对非生物胁迫的响应中的作用。转录组图谱显示,IbPUB基因在不同组织中的表达水平差异很大,并受盐胁迫或干旱胁迫的调控。由于盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的诱导作用,IbPUB52 成为一个备受关注的基因。定位研究证实了 IbPUB52 在细胞核和细胞质中的存在,其泛素化活性也通过严格的体内外试验得到了验证。耐人寻味的是,IbPUB52在拟南芥中的异质性表达导致其耐旱性降低。在甘薯中,病毒诱导的 IbPUB52 基因沉默(VIGS)导致抗旱性增强。这些证据表明,IbPUB52 负向调控植物的耐旱性。本研究的发现有助于我们理解甘薯中 PUB E3 泛素连接酶的功能动态。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of clerodane diterpene modifying cytochrome P450 (CYP728D26) in Salvia divinorum - en route to psychotropic salvinorin A biosynthesis. 鉴定丹参中的clerodane二萜修饰细胞色素P450(CYP728D26)--精神药物丹参素A的生物合成途径。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14569
Iris Ngo, Rahul Kumar, Liang Li, Seon-Won Kim, Moonhyuk Kwon, Dae-Kyun Ro

Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant native to the Oaxaca in Mexico. The active ingredient for psychotropic effects in this plant is salvinorin A, a potent and highly selective κ-opioid receptor agonist. Salvinorin A is distinct from other well-known opioids, such as morphine and codeine, in that it is a non-nitrogenous diterpenoid with no affinity for μ-opioid receptor, the prime receptor of alkaloidal opioids. A terpene opioid that selectively targets a new opioid receptor (κ-opioid receptor) can be instrumental in developing alternative analgesics. Elucidation of the salvinorin A biosynthetic pathway can help bio-manufacture diverse semi-synthetic derivatives of salvinorin A but, to date, only two enzymes in the Salvinorin A pathway have been identified. Here, we identify CYP728D26 that catalyzes a C18 oxygenation on crotonolide G, which bears a clerodane backbone. Biochemical identity of CYP728D26 was validated by in vivo reconstitution in yeast, 1H- and 13C-NMR analyses of the purified product, and kinetic analysis of CYP728D26 with a Km value of 13.9 μM. Beyond the single oxygenation on C18, collision-induced dissociation analysis suggested two additional oxygenations are catalyzed by CYP728D26 to form crotonoldie G acid, although this carboxylic acid form is a minor product. Its close homologue CYP728D25 exhibited a C1-hydroxylation on the clerodane backbone in a reconstituted yeast system. However, CYP728D25 showed no activity in in vitro assays. This result implies that catalytic activities observed from overexpression systems should be interpreted cautiously. This work identified a new CYP catalyst and advanced our knowledge of salvinorin A biosynthesis.

丹参是一种原产于墨西哥瓦哈卡的致幻植物。这种植物产生精神作用的活性成分是丹参素 A,它是一种强效、高选择性的κ-阿片受体激动剂。丹参素 A 与吗啡和可待因等其他众所周知的阿片类药物不同,它是一种非氮二萜类化合物,对生物碱类阿片的主要受体μ-阿片受体没有亲和力。萜类阿片选择性地靶向一种新的阿片受体(κ-阿片受体),有助于开发替代镇痛药。阐明丹皮酚 A 的生物合成途径有助于生物制造丹皮酚 A 的各种半合成衍生物,但迄今为止,丹皮酚 A 途径中只有两种酶被鉴定出来。在这里,我们确定了 CYP728D26,它能催化巴豆内酯 G 的 C18 氧合反应,巴豆内酯 G 具有一个烯丙基二烷骨架。通过酵母体内重组、纯化产物的 1H 和 13C-NMR 分析以及 CYP728D26 的动力学分析(Km 值为 13.9 μM),验证了 CYP728D26 的生化特性。除了 C18 上的一次加氧反应外,碰撞诱导解离分析表明,CYP728D26 还催化了另外两次加氧反应,形成巴豆苷 G 酸,尽管这种羧酸形式是次要产物。其近亲 CYP728D25 在重组酵母系统中表现出对缬草烷骨架的 C1-羟基化。然而,CYP728D25 在体外试验中没有表现出活性。这一结果表明,应谨慎解释从超表达系统中观察到的催化活性。这项工作鉴定了一种新的 CYP 催化剂,并增进了我们对丹参素 A 生物合成的了解。
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引用次数: 0
In the Spotlight: The plant growth-defence dilemma: a hormonal balancing act. 聚焦:植物生长与防御的困境:荷尔蒙的平衡作用。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14557
Sokol Toçilla
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the role of the ERD15 gene in wheat's tolerance to combined drought and salinity stress: a meta-analysis of QTL and RNA-Seq data. 揭示ERD15基因在小麦耐干旱和盐渍化联合胁迫中的作用:QTL和RNA-Seq数据的元分析。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14570
Roohollah Shamloo-Dashtpagerdi, Mohammad Jafar Tanin, Massume Aliakbari, Dinesh Kumar Saini

The coexistence of drought and salinity stresses in field conditions significantly hinders wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing response and tolerance to these stresses is crucial for developing resilient wheat varieties. Our research, employing a combination of meta-QTL and meta-RNA-Seq transcriptome analyses, has uncovered the genome functional landscape of wheat in response to drought and salinity. We identified 118 meta-QTLs (MQTLs) distributed across all 21 wheat chromosomes, with ten designated as the most promising. Additionally, we found 690 meta-differentially expressed genes (mDEGs) shared between drought and salinity stress. Notably, our findings highlight the Early Responsive to Dehydration 15 (ERD15) gene, located in one of the most promising MQTLs, as a key gene in the shared gene network of drought and salinity stress. ERD15, differentially expressed between contrasting wheat genotypes under combined stress conditions, significantly regulates water relations, photosynthetic activity, antioxidant activity, and ion homeostasis. These findings not only provide valuable insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying combined stress tolerance in wheat but also hold the potential to contribute significantly to the development of stress-resilient wheat varieties.

在田间条件下,干旱和盐分胁迫同时存在,严重影响了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的产量。了解对这些胁迫的响应和耐受性的分子机制对于开发抗逆性强的小麦品种至关重要。我们的研究采用了元 QTL 和元 RNA-Seq 转录组分析相结合的方法,揭示了小麦基因组对干旱和盐渍化的响应功能图谱。我们发现了 118 个元 QTL(MQTL),它们分布在所有 21 条小麦染色体上,其中有 10 个被指定为最有前途的。此外,我们还发现了 690 个在干旱和盐度胁迫下共有的元差异表达基因(mDEGs)。值得注意的是,我们的研究结果突出表明,位于最有希望的 MQTLs 之一的早期脱水反应 15(ERD15)基因是干旱和盐度胁迫共享基因网络中的一个关键基因。在综合胁迫条件下,ERD15在不同的小麦基因型之间差异表达,显著调节水分关系、光合作用、抗氧化活性和离子平衡。这些发现不仅为研究小麦综合胁迫耐受性的分子遗传机制提供了有价值的见解,而且有望为抗逆小麦品种的开发做出重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
A fungal endophyte increases plant resilience to low nutrient availabilities: a case of Fe acquisition in legumes. 真菌内生菌提高植物对低养分利用率的适应能力:豆科植物获取铁的案例。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14577
Marianna Avramidou, Vasileios Balaktsis, Olga Tsiouri, Moez Maghrebi, Gianpiero Vigani, Antonios Sergiou, Nikolaos Ntelkis, Constantinos Ehaliotis, Kalliope K Papadopoulou

Microbial inocula are considered a promising and effective alternative solution to the use of chemical fertilizers to support plant growth and productivity since they play a key role in the availability and uptake of nutrients. Here, the effect of a beneficial of a fungal root endophyte, Fusarium solani strain K (FsK), on nutrient acquisition efficiency of the legume Lotus japonicus was studied, and putative mode-of-action of the endophyte at a molecular level was determined. Plant colonization with the endophyte resulted in increased shoot and root fresh weight under Fe deficiency compared to control nutrient conditions. Plant inoculation with FsK was associated with a significant increase in macro- and micronutrient concentration in leaves at an early stage of endophyte inoculation and a replenishment of Fe content under prolonged iron starvation. The mechanistic basis of the plant growth promotion capabilities of the endophyte is exerted at the transcriptional level since we recorded changes in the expression levels of genes related to iron uptake in FsK-colonized plants under stress conditions compared to uninoculated plants. In addition, the observed changes in the ethylene biosynthesis-related genes suggest a possible implication of ethylene in the mode of action used by FsK to enhance plant response to nutrient stress conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that the endophyte possesses a reductive high-affinity Fe uptake system and identified a ferric reductase that was induced in planta under Fe deficiency conditions, indicating that this fungal Fe homeostasis mechanism may result in a benefit in nutrient acquisition for the plant as well.

微生物接种体在养分的可用性和吸收方面发挥着关键作用,因此被认为是替代化肥以支持植物生长和提高生产力的一种前景广阔的有效解决方案。本文研究了真菌根部内生菌 Fusarium solani strain K(FsK)对豆科植物日本莲养分获取效率的影响,并确定了内生菌在分子水平上的作用模式。与对照营养条件相比,在缺铁条件下,植株接种内生菌可增加芽和根的鲜重。植物接种 FsK 后,在内生菌接种的早期阶段,叶片中的宏量和微量营养元素浓度显著增加,并在长期铁饥饿条件下补充铁含量。内生菌促进植物生长能力的机理基础是在转录水平上发挥的,因为我们记录到在胁迫条件下,与未接种植物相比,FsK 接种植物中铁吸收相关基因的表达水平发生了变化。此外,观察到的乙烯生物合成相关基因的变化表明,乙烯可能参与了 FsK 增强植物对营养胁迫条件响应的作用模式。最后,我们证明了内生菌具有还原性高亲和力铁吸收系统,并鉴定了在缺铁条件下诱导植物体内的铁还原酶,这表明真菌的这种铁平衡机制可能也有利于植物获取养分。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of autophagy gene family in potato and the role of StATG8a in salt and drought stress. 马铃薯自噬基因家族的鉴定及 StATG8a 在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫中的作用
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14584
Xi Zhu, Yasir Majeed, Ning Zhang, Wei Li, Huimin Duan, Xuemei Dou, Hui Jin, Zhuo Chen, Shu Chen, Jiannan Zhou, Qihua Wang, Jinghua Tang, Yu Zhang, Huaijun Si

Autophagy is a highly conserved method of recycling cytoplasm components in eukaryotes. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been identified in several crop species, their particular role in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) remains unclear. Several transcription factors and signaling genes in the transgenic lines of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, such as AtTSPO, AtBES1, AtPIP2;7, AtCOST1 as well as AtATI1/2, ATG8f, GFP-ATG8F-HA, AtDSK2, AtNBR1, AtHKT1 play crucial functions under drought and salt stresses, respectively. In this study, a total of 29 putative StATGs from 15 different ATG subfamilies in the potato genome were identified. Their physicochemical properties, evolutionary connections, chromosomal distribution, gene duplication, protein-protein interaction network, conserved motifs, gene structure, interspecific collinearity relationship, and cis-regulatory elements were analyzed. The results of qRT-PCR detection of StATG expression showed that 29 StATGs were differentially expressed in potato's leaves, flowers, petiole, stem, stolon, tuber, and root. StATGs were dynamically modulated by salt and drought stresses and up-regulated under salt and drought conditions. Our results showed that the StATG8a localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Potato cultivar "Atlantic" overexpressing or downregulating StATG8a were constructed. Based on physiological, biochemical, and photosynthesis parameters, potato lines overexpressing StATG8a exhibited 9 times higher drought and salt tolerance compared to non-transgenic plants. In contrast, the potato plants with knockdown expression showed a downtrend in drought and salt tolerance compared to non-transgenic potato lines. These results could provide new insights into the function of StATG8a in salt and drought response and its possible mechanisms.

自噬是真核生物中一种高度保守的细胞质成分再循环方法。它在植物生长和发育以及应对生物和非生物胁迫方面发挥着重要作用。虽然自噬相关基因(ATGs)已在多个作物物种中被发现,但它们在马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)中的特殊作用仍不清楚。在模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的转基因品系中,一些转录因子和信号转导基因,如 AtTSPO、AtBES1、AtPIP2;7、AtCOST1 以及 AtATI1/2、ATG8f、GFP-ATG8F-HA、AtDSK2、AtNBR1、AtHKT1 分别在干旱和盐胁迫下发挥关键作用。本研究共鉴定了马铃薯基因组中 15 个不同 ATG 亚家族中的 29 个推定 StATGs。分析了它们的理化性质、进化关系、染色体分布、基因重复、蛋白相互作用网络、保守基序、基因结构、种间共线性关系和顺式调控元件。对StATG表达的qRT-PCR检测结果表明,29个StATGs在马铃薯的叶、花、叶柄、茎、匍匐茎、块茎和根中有差异表达。StATGs受盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的动态调控,并在盐和干旱条件下上调。结果表明,StATG8a定位于细胞质和细胞核。构建了过表达或下调 StATG8a 的马铃薯栽培品种 "大西洋"。根据生理、生化和光合作用参数,与非转基因植株相比,过表达 StATG8a 的马铃薯品系的耐旱性和耐盐性高出 9 倍。相反,与非转基因马铃薯品系相比,基因敲除表达的马铃薯植株的耐旱性和耐盐性呈下降趋势。这些结果为了解 StATG8a 在盐和干旱响应中的功能及其可能的机制提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Monocultures vs. polyculture of microalgae: unveiling physiological changes to facilitate growth in ammonium rich-medium. 微藻的单培与多培:揭示生理变化以促进在富氨介质中的生长。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14574
Lorenzo Mollo, Alessandra Petrucciani, Alessandra Norici

Due to the increasing production of wastewater from human activities, the use of algal consortia for phytoremediation has become well-established over the past decade. Understanding how interspecific interactions and cultivation modes (monocultures vs. polyculture) influence algal growth and behaviour is a cutting-edge topic in both fundamental and applied science. Ammonium-rich growth media were used to challenge the monocultures of Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Tetradesmus obliquus, as well as their polyculture; NO3 - was also used as the sole nitrogen chemical form in control cultures. The study primarily compared the growth, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, and protein content of the green microalgae monocultures to those of their consortium. Overall, the cultivation mode significantly affected all the measured parameters. Notably, at 50 mM NH4 +, the assimilation rates of carbon and nitrogen were at least twice as high as those in the monoculture counterparts, and the protein content was three times more abundant.Additionally, the consortium's response to NH4 + toxicity was investigated by observing a linear relationship between the indicator of tolerance to NH4 + nutrition and the N isotopic signature. The study highlighted a high degree of acclimation through metabolic flexibility and diversity, as well as species abundance plasticity in the consortium, resulting in a functional resilience that would otherwise have been unattainable by the respective monocultures.

由于人类活动产生的废水量不断增加,过去十年来,利用藻类联合体进行植物修复的做法已得到广泛认可。了解种间相互作用和培养模式(单培养与多培养)如何影响藻类的生长和行为是基础科学和应用科学的前沿课题。本研究使用富含铵的生长培养基来挑战原小球藻(Auxenochlorella protothecoides)、莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)和四裂藻(Tetradesmus obliquus)的单培养和多培养;在对照培养中,NO3 - 也被用作唯一的氮化学形式。该研究主要比较了绿色微藻单培养基和它们的联合培养基的生长、碳氮代谢和蛋白质含量。总体而言,培养模式对所有测量参数都有显著影响。值得注意的是,在 50 mM NH4 + 的条件下,碳和氮的同化率至少是单培的两倍,蛋白质含量是单培的三倍。这项研究强调了联合体通过新陈代谢的灵活性和多样性以及物种丰度的可塑性实现的高度适应性,从而产生了各自单一栽培无法实现的功能恢复力。
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Physiologia plantarum
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