R. Topko, G.V. Vologdina, A.V. Gumenyk, H. Kovalyshyna
The introduction of modern methods for field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding is becoming increasingly popular and allows the breeder to more widely and objectively evaluate the original forms and newly created material. Important for winter is the autumn period, when under favorable weather conditions (gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, changing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant, which contribute to its transition to hibernation. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn is largely decisive in the formation of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and thus affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of analysis of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was established that before overwintering the best condition for the first sowing period was winter wheat plants: MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.48), erythrospermum line 55023 (NDVI = 0.46), Lutesens 60049 (NDVI = 0.46), varieties MIP Distinction (NDVI = 0.46) MIP Jubilee (NDVI = 0.46), MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.46) and line Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0, 47). In the standard variety Podolyanka, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI = 0.32), Ballad Myronivska (NDVI = 0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Jubilejna ( NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 60107 (NDVI = 0.32). NDVI index of Podolyanka variety was at the level of 0.32.
{"title":"Spectral assessments of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the autumn period","authors":"R. Topko, G.V. Vologdina, A.V. Gumenyk, H. Kovalyshyna","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of modern methods for field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding is becoming increasingly popular and allows the breeder to more widely and objectively evaluate the original forms and newly created material. Important for winter is the autumn period, when under favorable weather conditions (gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, changing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant, which contribute to its transition to hibernation. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn is largely decisive in the formation of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and thus affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of analysis of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was established that before overwintering the best condition for the first sowing period was winter wheat plants: MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.48), erythrospermum line 55023 (NDVI = 0.46), Lutesens 60049 (NDVI = 0.46), varieties MIP Distinction (NDVI = 0.46) MIP Jubilee (NDVI = 0.46), MIP Dnipryanka (NDVI = 0.46) and line Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0, 47). In the standard variety Podolyanka, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI = 0.32), Ballad Myronivska (NDVI = 0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI = 0.33), MIP Jubilejna ( NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 55198 (MIP Gift) (NDVI = 0.32) and Lutesens 60107 (NDVI = 0.32). NDVI index of Podolyanka variety was at the level of 0.32.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76750486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Burko, I. Svystunova, S. Poltoretskyi, T. I. Prorochenko
The results of research on the influence of grass species composition, fertilizer level, and Fumar growth stimulator on plant density and botanical composition are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the research, it was found that sown grasses was formed with a density of 686–1250 shoots per 1 m2 and a height of 58–148 cm. Alfalfa-grasses and grasses are denser than alfalfa. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of grassland use, the density of alfalfa shoots decreases, while orchard grass and smooth brome grass increase, moreover, and more significant on the backgrounds of N60 application. During the first three years of use, grasslands are formed with the dominance of sown components with the share of alfalfa in single-species sowing 85–98%, in alfalfa-grasses mixtures - 30–58%. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of alfalfa-grasses stands using, the share of alfalfa decreases by 11–24%, and more significantly on backgrounds with N60 application. Also between the two kinds of grass components, there is a change of co-dominant - from meadow fescue to reed fescue, reed fescue to orchard grass, English bluegrass to smooth brome grass, while, as in grasses, reed fescue to smooth brome grass. English bluegrass in the 3rd year of use is much liquefied, reducing the share of participation to 5-14%.
{"title":"Peculiarities of growth and development of alfalfa-grasses mixtures depending on species composition and fertilizing","authors":"L. Burko, I. Svystunova, S. Poltoretskyi, T. I. Prorochenko","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research on the influence of grass species composition, fertilizer level, and Fumar growth stimulator on plant density and botanical composition are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine \"Agronomic Research Station\". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the research, it was found that sown grasses was formed with a density of 686–1250 shoots per 1 m2 and a height of 58–148 cm. Alfalfa-grasses and grasses are denser than alfalfa. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of grassland use, the density of alfalfa shoots decreases, while orchard grass and smooth brome grass increase, moreover, and more significant on the backgrounds of N60 application. During the first three years of use, grasslands are formed with the dominance of sown components with the share of alfalfa in single-species sowing 85–98%, in alfalfa-grasses mixtures - 30–58%. During the period from the 1st to the 3rd year of alfalfa-grasses stands using, the share of alfalfa decreases by 11–24%, and more significantly on backgrounds with N60 application. Also between the two kinds of grass components, there is a change of co-dominant - from meadow fescue to reed fescue, reed fescue to orchard grass, English bluegrass to smooth brome grass, while, as in grasses, reed fescue to smooth brome grass. English bluegrass in the 3rd year of use is much liquefied, reducing the share of participation to 5-14%.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76795784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of research on the systematic application of organic and mineral fertilizers as the indicators of fertility of gray forest soil and the formation of corn yield per grain. It was determined that in the five-field field crop rotation during the cultivation of the crop, soil backgrounds with different physical and chemical properties were formed. Application of litter manure (direct action) at a dose of 60 t / ha on the background of moderate rates of fertilizers (N40-80R30-60K40-80) contributed to the neutralization of the soil solution to the values of slightly acidic reaction (pH sol. - 5.2-5.3 units), whereas in the absence of manure (mineral fertilizer system) the pH of the salt remained within the medium acid reaction. The most effective in terms of humus condition of the soil was the organo-mineral fertilizer system (12 t / ha of manure + N80P60K80) and organic (12 t / ha of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area), respectively, the content of total humus was - 1.35 and 1.37% or in percentage terms by 25-27% higher compared to the control (without fertilizers) - 1.08 t / ha. Optimization of nutrient regime (hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium) of the soil at the end of rotation was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (N100P60K100 against the background of 60 t / ha of manure). The highest productivity of corn for grain (9.49 t / ha) was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (60 t / ha of manure + N100P60K100), which is 86% higher than the control (without fertilizers), under these conditions the largest collection of crude protein was obtained – 0, 98 t / ha.
本文介绍了系统施用有机肥和矿质肥作为灰色森林土壤肥力指标和玉米单产形成的研究结果。结果表明，该作物在五田轮作过程中，形成了不同理化性质的土壤背景。在适量肥料(N40-80R30-60K40-80)的背景下，以60 t / ha的剂量施用凋落粪便(直接作用)有助于中和土壤溶液的微酸性反应值(pH值为- 5.2-5.3单位)，而在没有粪便(矿物肥系统)的情况下，盐的pH值保持在中等酸性反应范围内。对土壤腐殖质状况最有效的是有机肥系统(12 t / hm2粪肥+ N80P60K80)和有机肥系统(12 t / hm2粪肥)，与对照(1.08 t / hm2)相比，总腐殖质含量分别提高了- 1.35%和1.37%，百分比提高了25-27%。轮作结束时，有机肥系统(N100P60K100，粪肥背景为60 t / ha)优化了土壤的养分状态(水解氮、磷和钾的流动形态)。有机肥+ N100P60K100处理的玉米籽粒产量最高(9.49 t / ha)，比对照(不施肥)提高86%，粗蛋白质产量最高(0.98 t / ha)。
{"title":"Influence of systematic fertilizer on soil fertility for corn growing on grain","authors":"O. Litvinova, S. Dehodiuk","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.03.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.03.076","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the systematic application of organic and mineral fertilizers as the indicators of fertility of gray forest soil and the formation of corn yield per grain. It was determined that in the five-field field crop rotation during the cultivation of the crop, soil backgrounds with different physical and chemical properties were formed. Application of litter manure (direct action) at a dose of 60 t / ha on the background of moderate rates of fertilizers (N40-80R30-60K40-80) contributed to the neutralization of the soil solution to the values of slightly acidic reaction (pH sol. - 5.2-5.3 units), whereas in the absence of manure (mineral fertilizer system) the pH of the salt remained within the medium acid reaction. The most effective in terms of humus condition of the soil was the organo-mineral fertilizer system (12 t / ha of manure + N80P60K80) and organic (12 t / ha of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area), respectively, the content of total humus was - 1.35 and 1.37% or in percentage terms by 25-27% higher compared to the control (without fertilizers) - 1.08 t / ha. Optimization of nutrient regime (hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium) of the soil at the end of rotation was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (N100P60K100 against the background of 60 t / ha of manure). The highest productivity of corn for grain (9.49 t / ha) was provided by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (60 t / ha of manure + N100P60K100), which is 86% higher than the control (without fertilizers), under these conditions the largest collection of crude protein was obtained – 0, 98 t / ha.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72627046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, which provides increased yields and improved quality indicators of the crop. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. Field research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems of the Chernihiv region. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization (factor C) in phase 4 and 8 sunflowers leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) - 3.46 t / ha. The fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids was determined by the morphobiological features of the hybrid and fertilizer options. The use of foliar fertilization with trace elements had a positive effect on the fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids, which allowed to obtain the maximum value for the option of making N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava - 51.1%. The maximum content of oleic acid was found in the hybrid SI Kupava on the variant with the introduction of N27R42K81S21 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) - 77.2%. Due to the use of fertilizers containing boron, the content of this polyunsaturated acid can be increased by improving the quality of sunflower seed oil. The highest oil yield, according to the calculations, was obtained on the variant with the introduction of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which was 1.64 tons per 1 hectare.
{"title":"Realization of genetic potential of sunflower hybrids under the influence of nutritional conditions","authors":"L. Garbar, N. Knap","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"The use of microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, which provides increased yields and improved quality indicators of the crop. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. Field research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems of the Chernihiv region. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization (factor C) in phase 4 and 8 sunflowers leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) - 3.46 t / ha. The fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids was determined by the morphobiological features of the hybrid and fertilizer options. The use of foliar fertilization with trace elements had a positive effect on the fat content in the seeds of sunflower hybrids, which allowed to obtain the maximum value for the option of making N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava - 51.1%. The maximum content of oleic acid was found in the hybrid SI Kupava on the variant with the introduction of N27R42K81S21 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) - 77.2%. Due to the use of fertilizers containing boron, the content of this polyunsaturated acid can be increased by improving the quality of sunflower seed oil. The highest oil yield, according to the calculations, was obtained on the variant with the introduction of N36R56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (5-6 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which was 1.64 tons per 1 hectare.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78279191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the work. The aim of the study was to conduct research on the manifestation of the dominant representatives of the bacterial biome of the rhizosphere of spring barley antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes. Research methods. The standard diffusion method of double culture in Petri dishes was used to study the antagonistic properties of the dominant strains of rhizosphere bacteria. The level of antagonistic activity of microorganisms was assessed by the indicator (%) of inhibition of growth and development of the mycelium of micromycetes Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. 23.2, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 3.45, Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch. 18.77. Results and scope of their application. Studies have shown that Bacillus methylotrophicus 10 had an inhibitory effect on Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. 23.2 ‒ 77,4%, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 3.45 – 66,6% and Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch. 18.77 – 86,7%, while the bacteria Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense 1 showed activity against phytopathogens by 45,1%, 63,1% and 65,0%, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, both strains of rhizosphere dominant bacteria have high antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes, which gives grounds for their further study.
{"title":"Antagonistic activity of dominant strains of bacteria of spring barley rhizosphere against phytopathogenic micromycetes","authors":"M. Kiroiants, M. Patyka, T. Patyka","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.02.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.02.054","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work. The aim of the study was to conduct research on the manifestation of the dominant representatives of the bacterial biome of the rhizosphere of spring barley antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes. Research methods. The standard diffusion method of double culture in Petri dishes was used to study the antagonistic properties of the dominant strains of rhizosphere bacteria. The level of antagonistic activity of microorganisms was assessed by the indicator (%) of inhibition of growth and development of the mycelium of micromycetes Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. 23.2, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 3.45, Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch. 18.77. Results and scope of their application. Studies have shown that Bacillus methylotrophicus 10 had an inhibitory effect on Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. 23.2 ‒ 77,4%, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. 3.45 – 66,6% and Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch. 18.77 – 86,7%, while the bacteria Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense 1 showed activity against phytopathogens by 45,1%, 63,1% and 65,0%, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, both strains of rhizosphere dominant bacteria have high antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic micromycetes, which gives grounds for their further study.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84420257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of research about the influence of fertilizing level and plant density on the chlorophyll content in fodder beet leaves are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the studies, it was found that fertilizers application and plant density affect the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves of fodder beets. The absolute values of total chlorophyll content in the leaves of fodder beet hybrids were generally different. It was highest in the leaves of the hybrid Centaur Poly with an index in July - 1.25-1.56 mg on g, in August - 2.26-3.03, in September - 5.22-6.62 mg on g. Based on the conducted researches, the close correlation between the process of chlorophyll synthesis and the yield of the leaves has been established. A strong relationship between the traits was formed in all periods of the growing season. The even correlation coefficient was: in July - 0.805; August - 0.867; September - 0.858.
{"title":"Influence of elements of growing technology on the process of chlorophyles synthesis in feed beet leaves","authors":"L. Burko","doi":"10.31548/agr2020.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research about the influence of fertilizing level and plant density on the chlorophyll content in fodder beet leaves are presented. The experimental part of the work was performed in the scientific laboratories of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology in the production unit of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine \"Agronomic Research Station\". The territory of the research station is located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe and is a part of Bila Tserkva agro-soil district. The experimental plots were laid on typical low-humus chernozems, coarse-grained light loam in terms of mechanical composition, which are characterized by a high content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients. The climate of the region is characterized by unstable humidity and moderate temperatures. The average annual air temperature is 6-8 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation reaches 562 mm, during the growing season - 354-394 mm (63-70% of the annual norm), which fall unevenly throughout the year. Based on the studies, it was found that fertilizers application and plant density affect the synthesis of chlorophyll in the leaves of fodder beets. The absolute values of total chlorophyll content in the leaves of fodder beet hybrids were generally different. It was highest in the leaves of the hybrid Centaur Poly with an index in July - 1.25-1.56 mg on g, in August - 2.26-3.03, in September - 5.22-6.62 mg on g. Based on the conducted researches, the close correlation between the process of chlorophyll synthesis and the yield of the leaves has been established. A strong relationship between the traits was formed in all periods of the growing season. The even correlation coefficient was: in July - 0.805; August - 0.867; September - 0.858.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85986743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. V. Bagatchenko, V. L. Zhemoyda, R. O. Spriazhka
Results of research of influence of standing density on the yield of fractional composition and sowing qualities of seeds of parent components of corn are presented (simple hybrids) Rist SV, Rushnyk SV, Richka S and (self–dusting lines) UR 9zS, UR 331 SV, UR 12 zS, which are parent components of hybrids of corn are listed in the State register of plant varieties of Ukraine. It was established that the studied parental components ensured the formation of various fractions and sowing qualities of seeds depending on genetic characteristics and different plant densities, which made it possible to optimize the studied agrotechnical methods of growing them. Optimum plant densities will increase the yield of seeds of the most valuable fractions of maize I and II and their sowing qualities (weight of 1000 seeds, germination energy, germination), respectively, for the parent components of Rist CB (62.5%, 24.5%, 287.2 g , 95.9%, 98.6%) and Rushnyk SV (65.0%, 20.0%, 326.2 g, 95.6%, 99.0%) is 75 thousand / ha, for Richka C (65.0%, 20.0%, 254.7 g, 95.4%, 97.2%) and UR 331 CB (61.0%, 23.0%, 266.6 g, 96%), 99.0%) 95 thousand / ha and for SD 9 zS (63.7%, 21.3%, 228.5 g, 94.4%, 98.8%) and SD 12 zS (63.7% , 21.3%, 316.9 g, 96.6%, 99.5%) 85 thousand / ha.
{"title":"Формування фракційного складу та посівних якостей насіння батьківських компонентів кукурудзи залежно від густоти стояння","authors":"V. V. Bagatchenko, V. L. Zhemoyda, R. O. Spriazhka","doi":"10.31548/AGR2020.01.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/AGR2020.01.079","url":null,"abstract":"Results of research of influence of standing density on the yield of fractional composition and sowing qualities of seeds of parent components of corn are presented (simple hybrids) Rist SV, Rushnyk SV, Richka S and (self–dusting lines) UR 9zS, UR 331 SV, UR 12 zS, which are parent components of hybrids of corn are listed in the State register of plant varieties of Ukraine. It was established that the studied parental components ensured the formation of various fractions and sowing qualities of seeds depending on genetic characteristics and different plant densities, which made it possible to optimize the studied agrotechnical methods of growing them. Optimum plant densities will increase the yield of seeds of the most valuable fractions of maize I and II and their sowing qualities (weight of 1000 seeds, germination energy, germination), respectively, for the parent components of Rist CB (62.5%, 24.5%, 287.2 g , 95.9%, 98.6%) and Rushnyk SV (65.0%, 20.0%, 326.2 g, 95.6%, 99.0%) is 75 thousand / ha, for Richka C (65.0%, 20.0%, 254.7 g, 95.4%, 97.2%) and UR 331 CB (61.0%, 23.0%, 266.6 g, 96%), 99.0%) 95 thousand / ha and for SD 9 zS (63.7%, 21.3%, 228.5 g, 94.4%, 98.8%) and SD 12 zS (63.7% , 21.3%, 316.9 g, 96.6%, 99.5%) 85 thousand / ha.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80479677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of systematic application of mineral fertilizers, on the background (BG) of the after-effect of 30 t on ha of manure, on the content of nutrients in spring wheat plants of “Myronivska Yara” regional variety and winter wheat plants of “Myronivska 61” variety, and on nutrients removal by plants, during cultivation on Meadow-Chernozemic Carbonate Soil, was studied. The results indicate a close relationship between external conditions and internal metabolic processes in winter and spring wheat plants. Thus, a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium provides a more intensive supply of these elements from the soil, what increases their content in plants. The highest content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in winter wheat plants was observed in the variant, where 1.5 rate of mineral fertilizers was applied with the background of 30 t on ha of manure, in the tillering phase and was 4.86; 2.17; 3.48 %, respectively, what is almost 2 times higher, than the control. During the growing season, the nutrients content in all variants decreased. The same pattern was observed in plants of spring wheat. The maximum nutrients content was recorded in all variants in the phase of spring tillering, and also was recorded significant reduction in their adsorption from the soil and using by plants during the growing season. The content of total nitrogen in spring wheat plants in the tillering phase fluctuated in fertilized variants in the range of 2.21-2.51 %, compared with the control – 2.10 %; phosphorus – in the range of 1.20-1.47 %, compared with the content on the control – 1.04 %; potassium – 1.88-3.08 %, in the control, respectively – 1.68 %. The results of research indicate, that long-term application of fertilizers in crop rotation affects, as a result, also on the removal of nutrients with the crop. Thus, the removal of basic nutrients by plants of winter and spring wheat was the highest in the variant “BG + N110P120K120”. Under winter wheat it was 210 kg on ha N, 122 P2O5, 157 kg on ha K2O, compared with the control variant – 86.3 N, 48.2 P2O5, 57.8 kg on ha K2O. Under the spring wheat it was 119 N, 66.4 P2O5, 85.4 kg on ha K2O, and in control variant, respectively, – 46.6 N, 26.5 P2O5, 32.8 kg on ha K2O.
{"title":"Effect of fertilizers on the content of mineral nutrition elements in winter and spring wheat plant","authors":"A. M. Kudriawytzka, K. Karabach","doi":"10.31548/agr2020.04.068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.04.068","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of systematic application of mineral fertilizers, on the background (BG) of the after-effect of 30 t on ha of manure, on the content of nutrients in spring wheat plants of “Myronivska Yara” regional variety and winter wheat plants of “Myronivska 61” variety, and on nutrients removal by plants, during cultivation on Meadow-Chernozemic Carbonate Soil, was studied. The results indicate a close relationship between external conditions and internal metabolic processes in winter and spring wheat plants. Thus, a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium provides a more intensive supply of these elements from the soil, what increases their content in plants. The highest content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in winter wheat plants was observed in the variant, where 1.5 rate of mineral fertilizers was applied with the background of 30 t on ha of manure, in the tillering phase and was 4.86; 2.17; 3.48 %, respectively, what is almost 2 times higher, than the control. During the growing season, the nutrients content in all variants decreased. The same pattern was observed in plants of spring wheat. The maximum nutrients content was recorded in all variants in the phase of spring tillering, and also was recorded significant reduction in their adsorption from the soil and using by plants during the growing season. The content of total nitrogen in spring wheat plants in the tillering phase fluctuated in fertilized variants in the range of 2.21-2.51 %, compared with the control – 2.10 %; phosphorus – in the range of 1.20-1.47 %, compared with the content on the control – 1.04 %; potassium – 1.88-3.08 %, in the control, respectively – 1.68 %. The results of research indicate, that long-term application of fertilizers in crop rotation affects, as a result, also on the removal of nutrients with the crop. Thus, the removal of basic nutrients by plants of winter and spring wheat was the highest in the variant “BG + N110P120K120”. Under winter wheat it was 210 kg on ha N, 122 P2O5, 157 kg on ha K2O, compared with the control variant – 86.3 N, 48.2 P2O5, 57.8 kg on ha K2O. Under the spring wheat it was 119 N, 66.4 P2O5, 85.4 kg on ha K2O, and in control variant, respectively, – 46.6 N, 26.5 P2O5, 32.8 kg on ha K2O.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77158686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutritional conditions of plants during the growing season is one of the main factors aimed at realizing the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids for growing them in any soil and climatic conditions. Currently, it is important to study the genetic potential of domestic hybrids under different growing conditions in order to identify their competitiveness, which provides an increase in quality and yield of the crop. The use in the production of a significant range of complex microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, is one of the ways to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Despite the relevance of sunflower as the main oil crop, the technology of its cultivation is not a perfect study, in addition, previous studies often contain conflicting indicators. An important place among the agronomic techniques aimed at increasing crop productivity belongs to the provision of optimal plant nutrition conditions during the growing season. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization of crops (factor B) in phase 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. The results of the research revealed significant changes in the diameter of the sunflower inflorescence under the influence of different nutritional conditions created by fertilizer options. The influence of hybrid characteristics also determined this indicator. Plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis formed baskets, the diameters of which varied from 17.6 to 21.2 cm, SI Kupava - from 18.8 to 22.1 cm, NK Neoma – from 17.2 to 21.6 cm. The maximum value was obtained on variant with the introduction of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which corresponded to 22.1 cm. The weight of 1 000 achenes belonging to genetically determined traits of culture, in plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis, depending on the fertilizer variant varied from 59.3 to 62.3 g, SI Kupava from 69.8 to 74.0 g, NK Neoma from 68.8 to 72.6 g. The maximum value was provided by the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves). Studies have shown that the most p
{"title":"Efficiency of fertilizing in sunflower cultivation technology","authors":"L. Garbar, U. Lishchuk, N. Dovbash, N. Knap","doi":"10.31548/agr2021.01.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2021.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional conditions of plants during the growing season is one of the main factors aimed at realizing the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids for growing them in any soil and climatic conditions. Currently, it is important to study the genetic potential of domestic hybrids under different growing conditions in order to identify their competitiveness, which provides an increase in quality and yield of the crop. The use in the production of a significant range of complex microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, is one of the ways to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Despite the relevance of sunflower as the main oil crop, the technology of its cultivation is not a perfect study, in addition, previous studies often contain conflicting indicators. An important place among the agronomic techniques aimed at increasing crop productivity belongs to the provision of optimal plant nutrition conditions during the growing season. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization of crops (factor B) in phase 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. The results of the research revealed significant changes in the diameter of the sunflower inflorescence under the influence of different nutritional conditions created by fertilizer options. The influence of hybrid characteristics also determined this indicator. Plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis formed baskets, the diameters of which varied from 17.6 to 21.2 cm, SI Kupava - from 18.8 to 22.1 cm, NK Neoma – from 17.2 to 21.6 cm. The maximum value was obtained on variant with the introduction of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which corresponded to 22.1 cm. The weight of 1 000 achenes belonging to genetically determined traits of culture, in plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis, depending on the fertilizer variant varied from 59.3 to 62.3 g, SI Kupava from 69.8 to 74.0 g, NK Neoma from 68.8 to 72.6 g. The maximum value was provided by the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves). Studies have shown that the most p","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87565488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the experimental fields of “Lotivka Elite” LLC of Shepetivka district of Khmelnytsky region the estimation of spatial heterogeneity of indicators of physical and chemical properties of chernozem podzolic was carried out. Statistical analysis of the data was performed on the following indicators: number of observations (n); average value (Xav); standard deviation (S); coefficient of variation (Cv); absolute error of the mean (SXav). The analysis of the probability of the nature of the humus content was performed according to the humus content index - the ratio of the actual humus content at the control point to the arithmetic mean. It is revealed that the probability of manifestation of average (typical) values of humus content at the studied object does not exceed 50%, deviations of probabilities from the average level of humus content in the direction of decrease do not exceed 40% of territorial distribution. Spatial variability of humus and mobile calcium content is average, CV is 19–23% (10 more CV less than 25). Statistical parameter of calcium content in the soil layer 0-30 cm on average - 252.4 ± 10.0, maximum - 350.0 ± 9.11 mg on 100 g of soil. In general, the field is dominated by soils with a content of mobile calcium 240.0-290.0 mg on 100 g of soil. Active acidity was characterized by low variability, the average was 6.5 ± 0.3, the maximum - 7.3 ± 0.2 pH units. The yield of winter wheat had a low degree of variability with an average of 87.4 ± 4.3 c on ha.
{"title":"Evaluation of spatial variability of physico-chemical indicators of chernozem podzolic with the using of precise agriculture technologies","authors":"S. Sychevskyy, O. Tonkha, O. Pikovska","doi":"10.31548/agr2020.04.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31548/agr2020.04.052","url":null,"abstract":"On the experimental fields of “Lotivka Elite” LLC of Shepetivka district of Khmelnytsky region the estimation of spatial heterogeneity of indicators of physical and chemical properties of chernozem podzolic was carried out. Statistical analysis of the data was performed on the following indicators: number of observations (n); average value (Xav); standard deviation (S); coefficient of variation (Cv); absolute error of the mean (SXav). The analysis of the probability of the nature of the humus content was performed according to the humus content index - the ratio of the actual humus content at the control point to the arithmetic mean. It is revealed that the probability of manifestation of average (typical) values of humus content at the studied object does not exceed 50%, deviations of probabilities from the average level of humus content in the direction of decrease do not exceed 40% of territorial distribution. Spatial variability of humus and mobile calcium content is average, CV is 19–23% (10 more CV less than 25). Statistical parameter of calcium content in the soil layer 0-30 cm on average - 252.4 ± 10.0, maximum - 350.0 ± 9.11 mg on 100 g of soil. In general, the field is dominated by soils with a content of mobile calcium 240.0-290.0 mg on 100 g of soil. Active acidity was characterized by low variability, the average was 6.5 ± 0.3, the maximum - 7.3 ± 0.2 pH units. The yield of winter wheat had a low degree of variability with an average of 87.4 ± 4.3 c on ha.","PeriodicalId":20195,"journal":{"name":"PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82831183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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