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Great power Rivalry and Southeast Asian agency: Southeast Asia in an Era of US-China strategic competition 大国竞争与东南亚代理:美中战略竞争时代的东南亚
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2023.2186251
N. Khoo
ABSTRACT Great power rivalry is a structural feature in Southeast Asia’s international politics which three decades of post-Cold War academic analysis and diplomatic activity has sought and failed to transcend. The acknowledgement of its return to a central role in the analysis of Southeast Asia’s international politics is both illuminating and instructive. Accordingly, this article centres discussion of three recent books on the region’s international politics around the following great power-related themes: the arrival of Chinese power in Southeast Asia; the return of Chinese activism and US-China rivalry in Southeast Asia; contingent Southeast Asian agency; and the value of theory in illuminating these dynamics.
大国竞争是东南亚国际政治的一个结构性特征,冷战后三十年的学术分析和外交活动一直在寻求但未能超越这一特征。承认它在分析东南亚国际政治中重新发挥核心作用,既有启发性,也有指导性。因此,本文围绕以下与大国相关的主题,集中讨论了最近三本关于该地区国际政治的书:中国力量在东南亚的到来;中国激进主义的回归和美中在东南亚的竞争;东南亚特遣队;以及理论在阐明这些动力学方面的价值。
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引用次数: 1
“We can help and it doesn’t cost you a cracker”: the multidimensionality of service representation in Australia and New Zealand “我们可以提供帮助,而且不会花你一分钱”:澳大利亚和新西兰服务代表的多维性
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2023.2208589
Kelly Blidook, Royce Koop
ABSTRACT Service representation – the extent to which Members of Parliament (MPs) assist constituents with problems they have related to the government – is an increasingly important role of MPs in developed democracies. We explore the practice of service representation through comparison of the service orientations and activities of two MPs in different countries, New Zealand and Australia, observed during periods of participant observation with them in their electorates. Constructing service connections between MPs and their constituents is often a crucial aspect of MPs’ overall representational styles. Our comparisons in this research depict the multi-dimensionality of service representation with respect to MPs’ emphasis on service, the nature of their service activities, and in the factors that shape those activities. The democratic implications of our comparisons are also addressed. Deep exploration of only two cases is used in this research to develop theoretical understanding to inform future analysis of service representation and its increasing importance in the overall representational and democratic process.
摘要服务代表——国会议员在多大程度上帮助选民解决与政府有关的问题——是发达民主国家中国会议员日益重要的角色。我们通过比较新西兰和澳大利亚这两个不同国家的议员在与他们的选民进行参与者观察期间观察到的服务取向和活动,探讨了服务代表的做法。在议员及其选民之间建立服务联系往往是议员整体代表风格的一个关键方面。我们在本研究中的比较描绘了服务代表的多维性,涉及议员对服务的重视、他们服务活动的性质以及塑造这些活动的因素。我们的比较也涉及民主问题。本研究仅对两个案例进行了深入探索,以发展理论理解,为未来分析服务代表及其在整个代表和民主过程中日益重要的意义提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Trust in Latin American Governing Institutions 对拉丁美洲管理机构的信任
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0347
The end of dictatorships, civil wars, and exclusive party systems by the close of the 20th century was a genuine cause for optimism about democracy in Latin America. Once the euphoria surrounding transitions subsided, the cold realities of transitioning to open market economies thrust the region into a crisis of representation. That is, Latin America’s parties, elected officials, and voters struggled mightily to achieve the democratic ideals of representation, accountability, effective citizenship rights, and rule of law (inter alia, Frances Hagopian’s “After Regime Change: Authoritarian Legacies, Political Representation and the Democratic Future of South America”; Jorge Domínguez’s “Latin America’s Crisis of Representation”; Kenneth M. Roberts’s “Party-Society Linkages and Democratic Representation in Latin America”; Scott Mainwaring’s “The Crisis of Representation in the Andes”). In many Latin American countries, a general malaise set in that bubbled over (again) with protests in 2019. COVID-19’s global pandemic placed a temporary lid on this simmering situation but likely exacerbated the region’s crisis of representation. Viewed as a barometer for democratic viability, political trust has become a lynchpin among institutional, behavioral, and cultural theories of democratization. Though “political trust” could refer to myriad institutions, we conceptually circumscribe it to governments, legislatures, political parties, local government, the judiciary, the police, the military, and the civil service / bureaucracy. We acknowledge that a research tradition built on David Easton’s conception of political system support (A Systems Analysis of Political Life, 1965; “A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support,” 1975) views presidential approval and satisfaction with democracy as conceptually kindred to political trust. We nevertheless distinguish these concepts because satisfaction with democracy remains in conceptual and empirical limbo after decades of debate. Moreover, early-21st-century work from the Executive Approval Project and others diverges theoretically from political trust by considering characteristics (e.g., gender, ideology) and actions (e.g., scandals, executive decrees) of a single person, the president, as opposed to institutions more broadly. We also acknowledge the tradition of Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba’s The Civic Culture (1963), which analyzes interpersonal trust alongside political trust. Research on interpersonal trust in the region has, unfortunately, lagged behind research on political trust and, if anything, has hewn more closely to the multidisciplinary work on prosociality than the culturalist tradition. In sum, interpersonal trust, presidential approval, and support for and satisfaction with democracy arise in the works cited in this article. But we view them as conceptually distinct from political trust and judge the scholarly advances related to the latter as worthy of separate treatment. Scholars ha
到20世纪末,独裁政权、内战和排他性政党制度的结束,是人们对拉丁美洲民主持乐观态度的真正原因。一旦围绕转型的兴奋情绪消退,向开放市场经济转型的冷酷现实将该地区推入代表性危机。也就是说,拉丁美洲的政党、民选官员和选民为实现代表性、问责制、有效的公民权利、,和法治(除其他外,弗朗西斯·哈戈皮安的《政权更迭后:南美洲的威权遗产、政治代表权和民主未来》;豪尔赫·多明格斯的《拉丁美洲的代表权危机》;肯尼斯·M。罗伯茨的“拉丁美洲政党与社会的联系和民主代表”;Scott Mainwaring的《安第斯山脉的代表权危机》)。在许多拉丁美洲国家,2019年的抗议活动(再次)引发了普遍的不安。新冠肺炎的全球大流行暂时结束了这一酝酿中的局势,但可能加剧了该地区的代表性危机。政治信任被视为民主可行性的晴雨表,已成为民主化的制度、行为和文化理论中的关键。尽管“政治信任”可以指无数的机构,但我们在概念上将其局限于政府、立法机构、政党、地方政府、司法机构、警察、军队和公务员/官僚机构。我们承认,建立在大卫·伊斯顿政治制度支持概念基础上的研究传统(《政治生活的系统分析》,1965年;《政治支持概念的重新评估》,1975年)认为,总统对民主的认可和满意度在概念上与政治信任相似。然而,我们之所以区分这些概念,是因为经过几十年的辩论,对民主的满意度仍然处于概念和经验的边缘。此外,21世纪初行政审批项目和其他项目的工作在理论上与政治信任不同,因为它考虑了总统这一个人的特征(如性别、意识形态)和行为(如丑闻、行政命令),而不是更广泛的机构。我们也承认Gabriel A.Almond和Sidney Verba的《公民文化》(1963)的传统,该书分析了人际信任和政治信任。不幸的是,该地区对人际信任的研究落后于对政治信任的研究,而且,如果说有什么不同的话,那就是更密切地关注亲社会性的多学科工作,而不是文化主义传统。总之,在本文引用的作品中,出现了人际信任、总统认可以及对民主的支持和满足。但我们认为它们在概念上与政治信任不同,并认为与政治信任相关的学术进步值得单独对待。学者们投入了大量资源来衡量政治信任,对其驱动因素进行理论化,并对其影响进行建模。本文探讨了这三个方面的进展。一路走来,它突出了重大突破和悬而未决的问题。
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引用次数: 0
The crisis of policy failure or the moral crisis of an idea: colonial politics in contemporary Australia and New Zealand 政策失败的危机或一种思想的道德危机:当代澳大利亚和新西兰的殖民政治
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2022.2099915
Dominic O’Sullivan
ABSTRACT When analysing Indigenous public policy, crisis is best seen as the moral crisis of an enduring idea rather than the crisis of sporadic and unconnected instances of policy failure. In Australia and New Zealand, states use manufactured crises of Indigenous personal deficiencies to justify colonial authority. A justification which may be countered by positioning colonialism itself as the point of crisis. From this perspective, the crisis in Indigenous public policy is not resolved by the state becoming better at policy-making or more attentive to the egalitarian distribution of public resources. Instead, it is in the non-colonial possibilities of Indigenous self-determination that paths beyond crisis may lie. In practical terms, by ensuring spaces of independent Indigenous authority alongside spaces of distinctive culturally framed participation in the public life of the state. The potential for such arrangements in Australia is discussed with reference to a proposed First Nations’ Voice to Parliament and possible treaties between First Nations and the state. For New Zealand, their potential is discussed with reference to te Tiriti o Waitangi’s affirmation of independent Māori authority (rangatiratanga) and substantive state citizenship.
摘要在分析土著公共政策时,危机最好被视为一个持久理念的道德危机,而不是零星和不相关的政策失败案例的危机。在澳大利亚和新西兰,各州利用人为制造的原住民个人缺陷危机来证明殖民权威的正当性。可以通过将殖民主义本身定位为危机点来反驳这一理由。从这个角度来看,土著公共政策的危机并不是通过国家变得更善于决策或更注重公共资源的平等分配来解决的。相反,正是在土著自决的非殖民可能性中,才有可能走出危机。在实践中,通过确保独立的土著权力空间与独特的文化框架参与国家公共生活的空间。在澳大利亚,此类安排的潜力将参照拟议的原住民议会之声以及原住民与国家之间可能签订的条约进行讨论。对于新西兰来说,他们的潜力是参照te Tiriti o Waitangi对独立的毛利人权威(rangatiratanga)和实质性国家公民身份的肯定来讨论的。
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引用次数: 0
Australia and New Zealand’s Pacific policy: aligned, not alike 澳大利亚和新西兰的太平洋政策:一致,不一致
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2022.2064759
Patrick Köllner
ABSTRACT Faced with growing Chinese engagement in the Pacific, the two traditional regional powers in that world region, Australia and New Zealand (NZ), unveiled major policy initiatives in the late 2010s. Both Australia’s ‘Pacific Step-up’ and NZ’s ‘Pacific Reset’ featured substantial increases in terms of development cooperation, diplomatic posts, and high-level exchanges and thus credibly signalled the two allies’ desire to remain partners of first choice for Pacific Island Countries. Alignment does however not mean that Australia and NZ’s Pacific policies are alike. A paired comparison highlights significant differences with respect to security and migration. I argue that the strong focus in Australia’s Pacific policy on hard security reflects not only the country’s more pronounced military profile and its alliance with the United States but also the country’s greater sense of vulnerability which derives in part from its geographic and historical linkages with Melanesia. This contrasts with NZ’s more unburdened traditional focus on Polynesia. I then trace the very different Pacific population profiles of the two Australasian states back to NZ’s much greater openness to permanent migration from the region – reflecting both constitutional obligations and the development of distinct migration pathways for Pacific people. These differences are of a structural nature and are bound to shape Australia and NZ’s policy approaches to the Pacific in the longer term.
摘要面对中国在太平洋地区日益增长的参与,世界地区的两个传统地区大国澳大利亚和新西兰在2010年代末公布了重大政策举措。澳大利亚的“太平洋升级”和新西兰的“太平洋重置”都在发展合作、外交职位和高层交流方面大幅增加,从而可信地表明了这两个盟国希望继续成为太平洋岛国的首选伙伴。然而,结盟并不意味着澳大利亚和新西兰的太平洋政策相同。成对比较突出了在安全性和迁移方面的显著差异。我认为,澳大利亚太平洋政策对硬安全的强烈关注不仅反映了该国更突出的军事形象和与美国的联盟,也反映了该国有更大的脆弱感,这在一定程度上源于其与美拉尼西亚的地理和历史联系。这与新西兰对波利尼西亚的传统关注形成了鲜明对比。然后,我将这两个澳大拉西亚州截然不同的太平洋人口状况追溯到新西兰对该地区永久移民更加开放——这既反映了宪法义务,也反映了太平洋人民不同移民途径的发展。这些差异具有结构性,必然会影响澳大利亚和新西兰对太平洋的长期政策方针。
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引用次数: 2
How online interaction radicalises while group involvement restrains: a case study of Action Zealandia from 2019 to 2021 在线互动如何激进化,而群体参与如何抑制:2019年至2021年行动西兰迪亚的案例研究
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2022.2101493
James Halpin, Chris Wilson
ABSTRACT Scholars have long seen radicalisation as a predominantly group based phenomenon, occurring largely through ‘real world,’ in person interaction. By contrast, the internet is seen as playing only a limited ‘facilitating’ role in radicalising people to violence. However, a series of attacks by far right extremists over the past decade has demonstrated that this perspective is less accurate than it once was. Almost none of these terrorists were members of extremist groups and had only engaged with other extremists on the internet. In this article, we examine the relative importance of face-to-face group interaction and physically isolated internet-based radicalization in driving individuals towards extremist violence. We do so through a detailed case study of Action Zealandia, New Zealand’s leading ideological white nationalist group. The study is based on eighteen months of infiltration of the group by one of the authors from 2019 to 2021. When interacting online, members often adopt highly extremist personas, in some cases threatening mass violence. By contrast, face to face interaction and group membership pushed the group away from extremist violence. This was due to several factors: police pressure and a lack of opportunity for the movement to grow, and the often uninspiring nature of offline interaction.
摘要长期以来,学者们一直将激进化视为一种主要基于群体的现象,主要通过“现实世界”的人际互动发生。相比之下,互联网在促使人们走向暴力方面只起到了有限的“促进”作用。然而,过去十年中极右翼极端分子的一系列袭击表明,这种观点不如以前准确。这些恐怖分子几乎都不是极端组织的成员,只在互联网上与其他极端分子接触过。在这篇文章中,我们研究了面对面的群体互动和身体孤立的基于互联网的激进化在驱使个人走向极端主义暴力方面的相对重要性。我们通过对新西兰主要的白人民族主义意识形态团体“新西兰行动”的详细案例研究来做到这一点。该研究基于其中一位作者从2019年到2021年对该群体18个月的渗透。在网上互动时,成员们经常采用高度极端主义的人物形象,在某些情况下甚至威胁到大规模暴力。相比之下,面对面的互动和团体成员身份使该团体远离了极端主义暴力。这是由于几个因素造成的:警方的压力和运动发展的机会不足,以及线下互动往往缺乏灵感。
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引用次数: 0
Dimensionality, contextuality, and conceptual equivalence: the case of critical citizens 维度、情境性和概念等值:批判公民的案例
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2022.2069583
Lianjiang Li
ABSTRACT The paper argues that dimensionality and contextuality analyses are essential to maintaining conceptual equivalence in comparative studies of critical citizens. It argues that underlying the concept of critical citizens is a two-dimensional typology of citizens. One dimension is trust in existing state institutions, and the other is adherence to the underlying regime principles. Measuring each dimension with a dichotomy, we gobserve four types of citizens: (1) trustful system supporters; (2) trustful system opponents; (3) distrustful system supporters; (4) distrustful system opponents. Critical citizens are distrustful system supporters in established democracies, where the concept originates. However, the concept is stretched when applied to non-democracies like China, where critical citizens are distrustful system opponents. The paper generalises the concept, arguing that critical citizens have two defining features. First, they distrust the national government, whether it is democratically elected or self-appointed. Second, they accept electoral and representative democracy as the ideal form of government. Drawing on a national survey, the study finds that about twelve percent of Chinese people are critical citizens. Furthermore, it shows that individuals dissatisfied with the economy, government performance and corruption control are more likely to be critical citizens.
摘要本文认为,维度分析和语境分析对于在批判公民的比较研究中保持概念等值至关重要。文章认为,批判性公民概念的基础是公民的二维类型学。一方面是对现有国家机构的信任,另一方面是对基本政权原则的遵守。用二分法测量每个维度,我们观察到四种类型的公民:(1)信任的系统支持者;(2)可信的制度对手;(3)不信任制度支持者;(4)不信任制度反对者。批判型公民是在已建立的民主国家中不信任体制的支持者,这一概念起源于此。然而,这一概念在适用于中国等非民主国家时就被夸大了,在那里,持批评态度的公民是不信任体制的反对者。本文对这一概念进行了概括,认为批判公民具有两个决定性特征。首先,他们不信任国家政府,不管它是民主选举出来的还是自行任命的。第二,他们接受选举民主和代议制民主是理想的政府形式。根据一项全国性调查,该研究发现,大约12%的中国人是挑剔的公民。此外,它还表明,对经济、政府绩效和腐败控制不满意的个人更有可能成为持批评态度的公民。
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引用次数: 0
Ancient Chinese Political Thought 中国古代政治思想
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0346
“Ancient Chinese political thought” refers to the reflections and discussions about politics during the period before the First Emperor established the Qin dynasty in 221 bce. Although one could also infer some political thought of that period from the other archeological evidence, the main sources of such reflections and discussions are texts believed to date back to that period, some of which became the foundation of Chinese education that began in the Han dynasty (210 bce–220 ce) and lasted till the beginning of the 20th century. Although disrupted by the turbulent history of China’s encounter with modernity in the early 20th century, the study of ancient Chinese texts has become the center of what is known as “national studies (guoxue国学)” in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) today, with institutes devoted to it in many Chinese universities, supporting researchers from various disciplines. In the revival of Confucianism coupled with the rise of cultural nationalism in mainland China, many Chinese scholars have turned to ancient Chinese political thought for inspiration in their search for distinctively Chinese perspectives on politics, both local and global, and they advocate Chinese alternatives or models to address contemporary challenges. With limited space, the publications selected for this article make up only a small fraction of the works in English and even fewer in Mandarin that discuss ancient Chinese political thought. (The focus on English works is due to the consideration that not all readers of this article would be able to read Mandarin.) In addition to being studied as part of early Chinese civilization that has influenced Chinese society through subsequent centuries, political theorists and philosophers engage ancient Chinese political thought to address perennial or contemporary political problems, contributing significantly to the growth of comparative political theory and comparative political philosophy.
“中国古代政治思想”是指公元前221年秦始皇建立秦朝之前对政治的思考和讨论。尽管人们也可以从其他考古证据中推断出那个时期的一些政治思想,但这种反思和讨论的主要来源是被认为可以追溯到那个时期的文本,其中一些文本成为了始于汉代(公元前210年-公元前220年)并持续到20世纪初的中国教育的基础。尽管20世纪初中国遭遇现代性的动荡历史打乱了中国古代文本的研究,但它已经成为所谓的“民族研究”的中心(郭雪国学)” 在今天的中华人民共和国,许多中国大学都有专门的研究所,支持来自各个学科的研究人员。随着儒家思想的复兴,加上中国大陆文化民族主义的兴起,许多中国学者转向中国古代政治思想,寻求独特的中国本土和全球政治观点,并倡导中国的替代方案或模式来应对当代挑战。由于篇幅有限,本文所选的出版物仅占讨论中国古代政治思想的英文作品的一小部分,甚至更少。(之所以关注英文作品,是因为考虑到并非本文的所有读者都能阅读普通话。)除了作为影响中国社会长达数世纪的早期中国文明的一部分进行研究外,政治理论家和哲学家还运用中国古代政治思想来解决长期或当代的政治问题,对比较政治理论和比较政治哲学的发展做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Protest Participation 抗议参与
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0345
While consensus on what should be included under the label of political participation is far from having been reached, the latter can broadly be defined as activities by ordinary citizens addressed to the political authorities or the general public and directed toward influencing some political outcomes. The literature then distinguishes between a range of distinct modes of participation. Protest is one of them. Protest participation refers to involvement in different sorts of political activities. The specific kinds of political activities that define this mode of participation may vary to some extent from author to author, from study to study, making the field hard to delimit. Most often, however, this includes attending a street demonstration, taking part in a strike, and other more radical forms such as blockades, occupations, sit-ins, and the like. Protest activities can be studied from two angles or levels of analysis: as aggregate-level collective phenomena or as individual-level expressions of political will. This bibliography focuses on individual protest participation. Moreover, in order to further delimit the field, works are prioritized that refer explicitly to protest participation, therefore overlooking proximate terms and phenomena such as activism or participation in social movements. A number of works have examined protest participation in a broader perspective, as one among several modes of political participation. Others have discussed how protest participation can be studied from a methodological point of view. From a more substantive point of view, scholars are interested in knowing who takes part in protest activities as well as why and how they do so. When it comes to explaining protest participation, we may roughly distinguish between three main perspectives, based on the key explanatory factors examined: Microstructural Accounts focus on social embeddedness as well as the role of preexisting networks and ties to explain involvement in protest activities; Social-Psychological Accounts focus on the role of grievances, identity, and emotions; Predispositional Accounts focus on political attitudes, values, and norms. The present bibliography follows this threefold categorization and is inevitably selective in the choice of references to be included. Often, however, research includes predictors from more than one single perspective. Furthermore, while most existing works focus exclusively on the individual level, scholars have started to examine the role of the broader context for explaining patterns of individual participation in protest activities. Finally, early-21st-century scholars are paying increasing attention to online forms of protest participation, hence complementing the traditional focus on offline forms.
虽然对于政治参与标签下应该包括什么还远未达成共识,但政治参与可以广义地定义为普通公民针对政治当局或一般公众进行的旨在影响某些政治结果的活动。然后,文献区分了一系列不同的参与模式。抗议就是其中之一。抗议参与是指参与各种不同的政治活动。界定这种参与模式的具体政治活动种类可能在一定程度上因作者而异,因研究而异,这使得该领域难以界定。然而,大多数情况下,这包括参加街头示威,参加罢工,以及其他更激进的形式,如封锁,占领,静坐等。抗议活动可以从两个角度或两个分析层次来研究:作为集体层面的集体现象或作为个人层面的政治意愿表达。这个参考书目集中在个人抗议的参与。此外,为了进一步划分领域,作品被优先考虑明确涉及抗议参与,因此忽略了类似的术语和现象,如激进主义或参与社会运动。许多作品从更广泛的角度审视了抗议参与,作为政治参与的几种模式之一。其他人则讨论了如何从方法论的角度研究抗议参与。从更实质性的角度来看,学者们感兴趣的是知道谁参与了抗议活动,以及他们为什么和如何参与抗议活动。当涉及到解释抗议参与时,我们可以大致区分三种主要观点,基于所检查的关键解释因素:微观结构帐户关注社会嵌入性以及先前存在的网络和关系的作用,以解释参与抗议活动;社会心理账户关注的是委屈、身份和情绪的作用;倾向描述关注的是政治态度、价值观和规范。目前的参考书目遵循这种三重分类,不可避免地有选择性地选择要包括的参考文献。然而,研究通常包括来自多个单一角度的预测因素。此外,虽然大多数现有的作品只关注个人层面,但学者们已经开始研究更广泛的背景在解释个人参与抗议活动模式方面的作用。最后,21世纪初的学者们越来越关注在线形式的抗议参与,从而补充了对线下形式的传统关注。
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引用次数: 1
Forging strategic partnership in the Indo–Pacific region: Vietnam’s diplomatic direction 在印太地区建立战略伙伴关系:越南的外交方向
IF 1.3 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/00323187.2021.1957955
Lena Le, Khac Nam Hoang
ABSTRACT Vietnam used to be isolated from the international community but has now become the Southeast Asian country with the most strategic partnerships with other Indo-Pacific countries. In Vietnam, over the past decade, ‘strategic partnership’ has also become a popular concept in the country’s foreign policy and media. However, the current literature does not yet include significant study on Vietnam’s new foreign policy practice. This article attempts to fill the gap by examining Vietnam’s use of ‘strategic partnership’, how Vietnam defines the term and how its partnerships operate in practice. By examining case studies of three strategic partnerships between Vietnam and India, Japan, and the Philippines, this article argues that the way Vietnam views strategic partnership shares quite a few common features with existing studies’ definitions. It also concludes that the country has rapidly forged strategic partnerships in the Indo-Pacific more than any other Southeast Asian country because of both external factors and internal demands. Despite limitations, SP is a valuable political and diplomatic tool for Vietnam.
摘要越南过去与国际社会隔绝,但现在已成为与其他印太国家建立最具战略伙伴关系的东南亚国家。在过去的十年里,“战略伙伴关系”也成为越南外交政策和媒体的一个流行概念。然而,目前的文献还没有包括对越南新外交政策实践的重要研究。本文试图通过考察越南对“战略伙伴关系”的使用、越南如何定义该术语以及其伙伴关系在实践中如何运作来填补这一空白。本文通过对越南与印度、日本和菲律宾三个战略伙伴关系的个案研究,认为越南看待战略伙伴关系与现有研究的定义有很多共同之处。报告还得出结论,由于外部因素和内部需求,该国在印太地区迅速建立了比任何其他东南亚国家都多的战略伙伴关系。尽管存在局限性,但SP对越南来说是一个宝贵的政治和外交工具。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Political Science
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