With the rapid progress of electric vehicles, the focus on high‐energy‐density anodes has increased substantially. Lithium metal (Li) possesses a high energy density of 3800 mAh/g. However, it poses safety issues for liquid electrolytes, mandating the use of safer replacements like solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). In this regard, polyethylene oxide (PEO), as the most prominent SPE, shows the highest ionic conductivity (σ) among polymers despite facing challenges including loss of thermomechanical stability around 60°C and low lithium‐ion (Li+) transference number (). Here, we designed SPEs consisting of PEO, poly (tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and MXene. The presence of WPU was quite effective at increasing (). High CNC loading () made elastic modulus () independent of temperature with terminal , while improving σ and . These achievements were attributed to CNCs competing with over oxygen atoms of PEO and the formation of a strong CNC network. was able to increase σ from attributed to intercalation of PEO into its interlayer spaces while also increasing to 0.897. The SPEs showed a high electrochemical stability window. The optimal electrolyte showed high Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance.HighlightsIonomeric units resulted in a high lithium‐ion transference number ()Hydrogen bonding was partially responsible for increasedCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) increased ionic conductivity andCNCs suppressed PEO spherulites' size and increased thermomechanical stabilityMXene disrupts PEO crystal growth and provides a new route for conduction
{"title":"Single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes with temperature‐independent modulus using cellulose nanocrystal‐MXene and Poly(tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane and PEO","authors":"Mohammad Nourany, Sasan Rostami, Farough Talebi","doi":"10.1002/pc.28980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28980","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>With the rapid progress of electric vehicles, the focus on high‐energy‐density anodes has increased substantially. Lithium metal (Li) possesses a high energy density of 3800 mAh/g. However, it poses safety issues for liquid electrolytes, mandating the use of safer replacements like solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). In this regard, polyethylene oxide (PEO), as the most prominent SPE, shows the highest ionic conductivity (<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic>) among polymers despite facing challenges including loss of thermomechanical stability around 60°C and low lithium‐ion (Li<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>) transference number (). Here, we designed SPEs consisting of PEO, poly (tetramethylene glycol)‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and MXene. The presence of WPU was quite effective at increasing (). High CNC loading () made elastic modulus () independent of temperature with terminal , while improving <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> and . These achievements were attributed to CNCs competing with over oxygen atoms of PEO and the formation of a strong CNC network. was able to increase <jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> from attributed to intercalation of PEO into its interlayer spaces while also increasing to 0.897. The SPEs showed a high electrochemical stability window. The optimal electrolyte showed high Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Ionomeric units resulted in a high lithium‐ion transference number ()</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Hydrogen bonding was partially responsible for increased</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) increased ionic conductivity and</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>CNCs suppressed PEO spherulites' size and increased thermomechanical stability</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>MXene disrupts PEO crystal growth and provides a new route for conduction</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, a discrete layer model was established to explore the vibration performance of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube‐Reinforced Composite (FG‐CNTRC) open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded based on the first‐order shell theory. There are four configurations of stacking arrangements considered for FG‐CNTRC open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded. The equivalent structural parameters of the top and bottom FG‐CNTRC panels are generated by implementing the extended mixing rule. Governing equations are derived based on the Hamilton principle and solved with the Naiver solution. Subsequently, after verifying the validity of this paper's solution by comparing it with the published literature, a parametric elaborated investigation discloses the variation patterns of vibration performance of four FG‐CNTRC open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded. The conclusions of the study can be used as a useful guide about open cylindrical composite shell structures with the design of high strength and damping.HighlightsDiscrete layer vibration model was bulit based on first‐order shell theory.Vbration performance of FG‐CNTRC open sandwich shells was studied.Variation patterns of frequency and loss factor was disclosed.
{"title":"Vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube‐reinforced composite open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded","authors":"Yanchun Zhai, Feng Li, Xiaoying Wang, Huaying Qiao, Zhiyuan Wan, Yuesong Zhou","doi":"10.1002/pc.28984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28984","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>In the present study, a discrete layer model was established to explore the vibration performance of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube‐Reinforced Composite (FG‐CNTRC) open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded based on the first‐order shell theory. There are four configurations of stacking arrangements considered for FG‐CNTRC open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded. The equivalent structural parameters of the top and bottom FG‐CNTRC panels are generated by implementing the extended mixing rule. Governing equations are derived based on the Hamilton principle and solved with the Naiver solution. Subsequently, after verifying the validity of this paper's solution by comparing it with the published literature, a parametric elaborated investigation discloses the variation patterns of vibration performance of four FG‐CNTRC open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded. The conclusions of the study can be used as a useful guide about open cylindrical composite shell structures with the design of high strength and damping.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Discrete layer vibration model was bulit based on first‐order shell theory.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Vbration performance of FG‐CNTRC open sandwich shells was studied.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Variation patterns of frequency and loss factor was disclosed.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expanded graphite (EG) is a desired filler for electrothermal and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding because of its easy access, low‐cost, lightweight, high conductivity, and heat sensitivity. Herein, fluffy EG was prepared from natural flake graphite (NFG) by a simple expansive technology and subsequently heat treatment at 800°C for 2.0 h in 5% Ar/H2 atmosphere. EG/silicone films with a filling ratio of 15 wt% were obtained via hot‐pressing, which exhibited sensitive electrothermal and excellent EMI shielding performances. When the applied voltages were 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 V, the steady‐state temperatures were 54.0, 136.5, and 237.8°C in the 30s, respectively. Meanwhile, their average EMI shielding efficiency was greater than 20 dB in 2–18 GHz at 0.84 mm, which was 6.3 times as much as NFG/silicone film. Therefore, this study offers a simple and effective strategy for preparing excellent electrothermal‐EMI shielding materials.HighlightsFluffy EG is prepared by a simple expansive method and treatment at 800°C.EG/silicone films exhibit good electrothermal and EMI shielding performances.Steady temperatures of 55.0/136.5/237.8°C are gotten at 5/10/15 V in 30 s.The EMI shielding efficiency is greater than 20 dB at 0.84 mm.Good properties are due to the EG with high conductivity and fluffy structure.
{"title":"High‐efficiency electrothermal and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of expanded graphite/silicone film","authors":"Yangle Dong, Xiaoyan Yuan","doi":"10.1002/pc.29002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.29002","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Expanded graphite (EG) is a desired filler for electrothermal and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding because of its easy access, low‐cost, lightweight, high conductivity, and heat sensitivity. Herein, fluffy EG was prepared from natural flake graphite (NFG) by a simple expansive technology and subsequently heat treatment at 800°C for 2.0 h in 5% Ar/H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> atmosphere. EG/silicone films with a filling ratio of 15 wt% were obtained via hot‐pressing, which exhibited sensitive electrothermal and excellent EMI shielding performances. When the applied voltages were 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 V, the steady‐state temperatures were 54.0, 136.5, and 237.8°C in the 30s, respectively. Meanwhile, their average EMI shielding efficiency was greater than 20 dB in 2–18 GHz at 0.84 mm, which was 6.3 times as much as NFG/silicone film. Therefore, this study offers a simple and effective strategy for preparing excellent electrothermal‐EMI shielding materials.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Fluffy EG is prepared by a simple expansive method and treatment at 800°C.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>EG/silicone films exhibit good electrothermal and EMI shielding performances.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Steady temperatures of 55.0/136.5/237.8°C are gotten at 5/10/15 V in 30 s.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The EMI shielding efficiency is greater than 20 dB at 0.84 mm.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Good properties are due to the EG with high conductivity and fluffy structure.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites can be subjected to different environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, hydrothermal cycle, acidic and alkaline solution in environments where they operate. These environmental conditions cause different damage mechanisms in composites such as pore formation, micro‐cracks, delamination, fiber breakage, fiber/matrix interface separation, plasticization, swelling and surface color change. In this study, wear properties of hybrid glass fiber reinforced polymer composites exposed to various environmental conditions for constant load (60 N), speed (500 rpm) and 2 h were examined comprehensively, depending on material content and environmental conditions. In this experimental study, the service conditions in glass fiber reinforced composites were simulated using different artificial aging environments such as acidic environment, hydrothermal cycle and UV radiation. In addition to the material content, it appears that the environmental conditions to which composites are exposed has a significant effect on friction coefficient. Considering environmental conditions, it is seen that the acid environment and hydrothermal cycle have reduced wear resistance of GFRP composites, while UV radiation improved wear resistance of the composites. In C2 sample, the wear rates under different conditions are 1.87 × 10−14 m3/Nm in non‐treated sample, 6.05 × 10−14 m3/Nm in acid environment, 4.79 × 10−14 m3/Nm in hydrothermal cycle and 0.59 × 10−14 m3/Nm in UV radiation.HighlightsFriction coefficient of glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) is higher under aged condition compared to non‐treated.Glass fibers used in correct proportions can reduce friction coefficient in GFRP.GFRP exposed to environmental conditions has an important effect on wear.Acid environment and hydrothermal cycle has reduced wear resistance of GFRP.UV radiation improved wear resistance of GFRP composite.
{"title":"Investigation of effects of environmental conditions on wear behaviors of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials","authors":"Mihriban Korku, Recep İlhan, Erol Feyzullahoğlu","doi":"10.1002/pc.28992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28992","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites can be subjected to different environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, hydrothermal cycle, acidic and alkaline solution in environments where they operate. These environmental conditions cause different damage mechanisms in composites such as pore formation, micro‐cracks, delamination, fiber breakage, fiber/matrix interface separation, plasticization, swelling and surface color change. In this study, wear properties of hybrid glass fiber reinforced polymer composites exposed to various environmental conditions for constant load (60 N), speed (500 rpm) and 2 h were examined comprehensively, depending on material content and environmental conditions. In this experimental study, the service conditions in glass fiber reinforced composites were simulated using different artificial aging environments such as acidic environment, hydrothermal cycle and UV radiation. In addition to the material content, it appears that the environmental conditions to which composites are exposed has a significant effect on friction coefficient. Considering environmental conditions, it is seen that the acid environment and hydrothermal cycle have reduced wear resistance of GFRP composites, while UV radiation improved wear resistance of the composites. In C2 sample, the wear rates under different conditions are 1.87 × 10<jats:sup>−14</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/Nm in non‐treated sample, 6.05 × 10<jats:sup>−14</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/Nm in acid environment, 4.79 × 10<jats:sup>−14</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/Nm in hydrothermal cycle and 0.59 × 10<jats:sup>−14</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>/Nm in UV radiation.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Friction coefficient of glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) is higher under aged condition compared to non‐treated.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Glass fibers used in correct proportions can reduce friction coefficient in GFRP.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>GFRP exposed to environmental conditions has an important effect on wear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Acid environment and hydrothermal cycle has reduced wear resistance of GFRP.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>UV radiation improved wear resistance of GFRP composite.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flax fiber has emerged as a promising, eco‐friendly alternative to traditional synthetic reinforcement in polymer composites. However, manufacturing biocomposites using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is typically accompanied by significant processing challenges and weak product performance under dynamic loading conditions. This study aims to unlock the potential of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) by incorporating chemically modified chopped flax fibers and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer to improve impact strength and processability. To achieve this, we employed the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique to prepare composite specimens for the study. The crystallization behavior, tensile and impact properties, as well as the fracture behavior of the composites were investigated. The findings suggest that our approach stands out because it not only facilitates the challenging task of 3D printing PLA with fiber additives of high weight fraction and high aspect ratio but also results in a remarkable 120% enhancement in impact strength and an around 31.2% increase in tensile elongation compared to neat PLA, without compromising the elastic modulus.HighlightsFlax fibers were modified through alkalization and silanization.Alkalization significantly enhanced printing quality.Silanization reduced fiber attrition and doubled the fiber aspect ratio.TPU particles facilitated the 3D printing of biocomposites.For the first time, the hybrid strategy doubled the impact strength of PLA.
{"title":"Hybrid toughening effect of flax fiber and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer in 3D‐printed polylactic acid composites","authors":"Aref Ansaripour, Mohammad Heidari‐Rarani","doi":"10.1002/pc.28965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28965","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Flax fiber has emerged as a promising, eco‐friendly alternative to traditional synthetic reinforcement in polymer composites. However, manufacturing biocomposites using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is typically accompanied by significant processing challenges and weak product performance under dynamic loading conditions. This study aims to unlock the potential of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) by incorporating chemically modified chopped flax fibers and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer to improve impact strength and processability. To achieve this, we employed the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique to prepare composite specimens for the study. The crystallization behavior, tensile and impact properties, as well as the fracture behavior of the composites were investigated. The findings suggest that our approach stands out because it not only facilitates the challenging task of 3D printing PLA with fiber additives of high weight fraction and high aspect ratio but also results in a remarkable 120% enhancement in impact strength and an around 31.2% increase in tensile elongation compared to neat PLA, without compromising the elastic modulus.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Flax fibers were modified through alkalization and silanization.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Alkalization significantly enhanced printing quality.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Silanization reduced fiber attrition and doubled the fiber aspect ratio.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>TPU particles facilitated the 3D printing of biocomposites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>For the first time, the hybrid strategy doubled the impact strength of PLA.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Li, Jun‐zhou Liu, Jia‐lin Liu, Bei Wang, Jin‐cao Chen, Ji‐gang Chen
The frangible cover made of continuous fiber reinforced composites has become widely used structure for the new generation launch canisters. However, destroying the continuity of fibers is needed during the hand lay‐up process to make the frangible cover fail in predetermined patterns. In this article, composite frangible covers were fabricated with short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy(BF/Epoxy) composites instead of continuous fiber‐reinforced composite materials, reducing the strength redundancy in the local structure of the frangible covers. Tensile tests were firstly conducted on material samples to obtain the stress–strain characteristics of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites. The constitutive model and failure criterion of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites material were established. Then failure pressure and failure mode of the frangible covers were predicted by finite element method. Two frangible covers with different geometric parameter were fabricated and subjected to static bursting strength tests. The influence of structure parameter on the bursting pressure of the frangible cover was investigated in detail. it was found that the bursting pressure of the BF/Epoxy composite fragile cover can be tailored by adjusting the geometry size of the weak zones on surface of the cover. Meanwhile, Failure modes and the bursting pressure of the BF/Epoxy composite fragile covers are highly consistent with the predictions.HighlightsA frangible cover made of the short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy(BF/Epoxy) composites was fabricated.The constitutive model and failure criterion were established based on the mechanical properties of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites.The static burst strength of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover subjected to uniform pressure was investigated via both theoretical and experimental approaches.The short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover eventually failed in accordance with the predetermined pattern.The simulation error of the failure pressure of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover was less than 20%.
{"title":"Failure analysis of a frangible cover made of short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites","authors":"Hong Li, Jun‐zhou Liu, Jia‐lin Liu, Bei Wang, Jin‐cao Chen, Ji‐gang Chen","doi":"10.1002/pc.28998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28998","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>The frangible cover made of continuous fiber reinforced composites has become widely used structure for the new generation launch canisters. However, destroying the continuity of fibers is needed during the hand lay‐up process to make the frangible cover fail in predetermined patterns. In this article, composite frangible covers were fabricated with short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy(BF/Epoxy) composites instead of continuous fiber‐reinforced composite materials, reducing the strength redundancy in the local structure of the frangible covers. Tensile tests were firstly conducted on material samples to obtain the stress–strain characteristics of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites. The constitutive model and failure criterion of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites material were established. Then failure pressure and failure mode of the frangible covers were predicted by finite element method. Two frangible covers with different geometric parameter were fabricated and subjected to static bursting strength tests. The influence of structure parameter on the bursting pressure of the frangible cover was investigated in detail. it was found that the bursting pressure of the BF/Epoxy composite fragile cover can be tailored by adjusting the geometry size of the weak zones on surface of the cover. Meanwhile, Failure modes and the bursting pressure of the BF/Epoxy composite fragile covers are highly consistent with the predictions.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>A frangible cover made of the short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy(BF/Epoxy) composites was fabricated.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The constitutive model and failure criterion were established based on the mechanical properties of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The static burst strength of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover subjected to uniform pressure was investigated via both theoretical and experimental approaches.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover eventually failed in accordance with the predetermined pattern.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The simulation error of the failure pressure of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover was less than 20%.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silica is a renewable resource that has become the primary filler for the rubber used in eco‐friendly tires. However, silica tends to agglomerate in the rubber matrix, particularly, micro‐ and nano‐scale silica, which limits its application. When ordinary‐particle‐size silica with low cost and high stacking density is modified using appropriate methods, high dispersion in rubber and good performance can be achieved with common processing equipment, which has significant engineering application value. In this study, silica particles with different sizes (nano‐scale, 19 and 45 μm) were treated with a 3‐mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent (KH580). Subsequently, the silica with the ordinary particle size of 300 mesh (45 μm) was coated with natural latex (NL), and the mechanical properties of the modified silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon black (CB) compounds were investigated. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the NL‐coated 45 μm silica‐filled composite improved significantly, particularly, in the area of tear strength and elongation at break, the composite properties were improved by 17.1% and 118.2%, respectively. Excellent performance over composites filled with coupling agent‐treated micron‐ and nanoscale silica. Enhancing the surface modification of silica through latex coating provides a means to improve the efficiency of industrial production and reduce costs.HighlightsThe low‐fine silica treated with KH580 has good dispersibility.Improved mechanical compatibility of NL‐coated silica with rubber.Improvement in strain performance of composites after NL coated with silica.The effect of silica dispersion on composite properties is greater than the effect of particle size.Industrial silica can be successfully addressed, paving the way for extensive utilization.
{"title":"Effect of silica particle size and coating by natural latex on properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber/carbon black/silica composites","authors":"Jiuming Liang, Zhu Luo, Jincheng Zhong, Hu Chen","doi":"10.1002/pc.28988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28988","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Silica is a renewable resource that has become the primary filler for the rubber used in eco‐friendly tires. However, silica tends to agglomerate in the rubber matrix, particularly, micro‐ and nano‐scale silica, which limits its application. When ordinary‐particle‐size silica with low cost and high stacking density is modified using appropriate methods, high dispersion in rubber and good performance can be achieved with common processing equipment, which has significant engineering application value. In this study, silica particles with different sizes (nano‐scale, 19 and 45 μm) were treated with a 3‐mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent (KH580). Subsequently, the silica with the ordinary particle size of 300 mesh (45 μm) was coated with natural latex (NL), and the mechanical properties of the modified silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon black (CB) compounds were investigated. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the NL‐coated 45 μm silica‐filled composite improved significantly, particularly, in the area of tear strength and elongation at break, the composite properties were improved by 17.1% and 118.2%, respectively. Excellent performance over composites filled with coupling agent‐treated micron‐ and nanoscale silica. Enhancing the surface modification of silica through latex coating provides a means to improve the efficiency of industrial production and reduce costs.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The low‐fine silica treated with KH580 has good dispersibility.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Improved mechanical compatibility of NL‐coated silica with rubber.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Improvement in strain performance of composites after NL coated with silica.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The effect of silica dispersion on composite properties is greater than the effect of particle size.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Industrial silica can be successfully addressed, paving the way for extensive utilization.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Zheng, Yajun Chen, Tian Ye, Fenghao Hao, Zimeng Kong, Lijun Qian
To enhance the flame retardant property of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites without adding more flame retardants, we prepared film stacking composites by maintaining a total flame retardant content of 20% and applying a gradient flame retardant strategy. The gradient composites have been designated as 3113FRPLA/F and 1331FRPLA/F, respectively. 3113FRPLA/F is characterized by an augmented concentration of fire‐resistant additives in the surface layer, while 1331FRPLA/F features a reduced content. 20%FRPLA/F is prepared with a homogeneously distributed flame retardant composition. Results derived from LOI test and cone calorimeter test unequivocally demonstrate that 3113FRPLA/F outperforms both 1331FRPLA/F and 20%FRPLA/F in improving flame retardancy. The LOI value of 3113FRPLA/F is 36.1%, exceeding that of 20%FRPLA/F and there is also a reduction in the pk‐HRR compared with 20%FRPLA/F. It is of interest to note that 3113FRPLA/F exhibits the most effective heat insulation properties while 20%FRPLA/F has the worst, which is reflected by the infrared thermal imaging results. It bears mention that the impact strength and tensile strength of 3113FRPLA/F surpasses that of 20%FRPLA/F. In summary, 3113FRPLA/F, characterized by its increased surface concentration of flame retardants, demonstrates the most superior overall performance.HighlightsThe characteristics of PLA/fiber composites using a gradient strategy were compared.The LOI value of 3113FRPLA/F is 36.1%, exceeding that of 20%FRPLA/F.3113FRPLA/F has the best heat insulation effect while 20%FRPLA/F has the worst.The impact strength and tensile strength of 3113FRPLA/F surpasses 20%FRPLA/F.Improving the surface flame retardant concentration increases the overall property.
{"title":"A gradient flame retardant strategy to improve the overall performance of polylactic acid/fiber composites","authors":"Ran Zheng, Yajun Chen, Tian Ye, Fenghao Hao, Zimeng Kong, Lijun Qian","doi":"10.1002/pc.28983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28983","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>To enhance the flame retardant property of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites without adding more flame retardants, we prepared film stacking composites by maintaining a total flame retardant content of 20% and applying a gradient flame retardant strategy. The gradient composites have been designated as 3113FRPLA/F and 1331FRPLA/F, respectively. 3113FRPLA/F is characterized by an augmented concentration of fire‐resistant additives in the surface layer, while 1331FRPLA/F features a reduced content. 20%FRPLA/F is prepared with a homogeneously distributed flame retardant composition. Results derived from LOI test and cone calorimeter test unequivocally demonstrate that 3113FRPLA/F outperforms both 1331FRPLA/F and 20%FRPLA/F in improving flame retardancy. The LOI value of 3113FRPLA/F is 36.1%, exceeding that of 20%FRPLA/F and there is also a reduction in the pk‐HRR compared with 20%FRPLA/F. It is of interest to note that 3113FRPLA/F exhibits the most effective heat insulation properties while 20%FRPLA/F has the worst, which is reflected by the infrared thermal imaging results. It bears mention that the impact strength and tensile strength of 3113FRPLA/F surpasses that of 20%FRPLA/F. In summary, 3113FRPLA/F, characterized by its increased surface concentration of flame retardants, demonstrates the most superior overall performance.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>The characteristics of PLA/fiber composites using a gradient strategy were compared.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The LOI value of 3113FRPLA/F is 36.1%, exceeding that of 20%FRPLA/F.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>3113FRPLA/F has the best heat insulation effect while 20%FRPLA/F has the worst.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The impact strength and tensile strength of 3113FRPLA/F surpasses 20%FRPLA/F.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Improving the surface flame retardant concentration increases the overall property.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid prototyping, also known as additive manufacturing, is a nascent technology that is gaining traction in the context of environmental concerns and waste reduction, as well as the growing trend towards customized design. The additive manufacturing method, which has applications in diverse fields such as aviation, architecture, biomedical and automotive engineering, has also begun to be utilized in the construction of yachts and yacht hulls within the maritime industry. In this experimental study, the influences of sea water on polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA/CF) parts manufactured at different infill rates (20%, 60% and 100%) were investigated. The parts were exposed to sea water for three different periods (1, 5, and 10 days) and subsequently subjected to wear tests. The dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, hardness, water absorption, volume loss, and friction coefficient of parts were measured and calculated. Additionally, the worn surfaces of the parts were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The findings indicate that PLA and PLA/CF parts can be produced with high dimensional accuracy. Furthermore, it can be reported that the water absorption of PLA/CF parts increased, particularly with an increase in the infill rate, while the volume loss decreased. Obtained results indicate the necessity of optimizing the 3D printing parameters and the relationship between the ambient conditions and the wear performance of the 3D printed parts.Highlights3D printing is a highly promising method for the production of polymer composites.A pioneering study into the effect of infill rate and water absorption on the wear performance.Coefficient of friction values of PLA and PLA/CF parts ranged between 0.37 and 0.75.PLA/CF mostly exhibited higher volume loss than PLA with water absorption.Volume loss declines with a raise in the infill rate from 20% to 100%.
{"title":"An experimental study on the wear performance of 3D printed polylactic acid and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid parts: Effect of infill rate and water absorption time","authors":"Berkay Ergene, Yiğit Emre İnci, Batuhan Çetintaş, Birol Daysal","doi":"10.1002/pc.28993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28993","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>Rapid prototyping, also known as additive manufacturing, is a nascent technology that is gaining traction in the context of environmental concerns and waste reduction, as well as the growing trend towards customized design. The additive manufacturing method, which has applications in diverse fields such as aviation, architecture, biomedical and automotive engineering, has also begun to be utilized in the construction of yachts and yacht hulls within the maritime industry. In this experimental study, the influences of sea water on polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA/CF) parts manufactured at different infill rates (20%, 60% and 100%) were investigated. The parts were exposed to sea water for three different periods (1, 5, and 10 days) and subsequently subjected to wear tests. The dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, hardness, water absorption, volume loss, and friction coefficient of parts were measured and calculated. Additionally, the worn surfaces of the parts were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The findings indicate that PLA and PLA/CF parts can be produced with high dimensional accuracy. Furthermore, it can be reported that the water absorption of PLA/CF parts increased, particularly with an increase in the infill rate, while the volume loss decreased. Obtained results indicate the necessity of optimizing the 3D printing parameters and the relationship between the ambient conditions and the wear performance of the 3D printed parts.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>3D printing is a highly promising method for the production of polymer composites.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A pioneering study into the effect of infill rate and water absorption on the wear performance.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Coefficient of friction values of PLA and PLA/CF parts ranged between 0.37 and 0.75.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>PLA/CF mostly exhibited higher volume loss than PLA with water absorption.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Volume loss declines with a raise in the infill rate from 20% to 100%.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a time when global initiatives to lower CO2 emissions are accelerating the shift towards bio‐based products, various efforts are being made to develop wood plastic composites (WPCs) and similar bio‐composites using a variety of raw materials. This paper first showcases benchmark material properties serving as standards and models the composition, for polypropylene‐based WPCs integrating wood flour and maleic anhydride‐modified polypropylene. Subsequently, by applying statistical modeling techniques, we demonstrate an adaptive experimental design that efficiently and rapidly adjusts formulations. Beginning with an empirical dataset (24 samples), we established high‐performing models that articulate the individual contributions of the constituents on ten vital properties of WPCs. Our adaptive experimental design, leveraging nonlinear partial least squares regression and the Bayesian optimization, successfully refined formulations to enhance bending and impact strengths. Notably, we proposed optimal conditions starting from just eight samples with minimal iterations. This study shows that statistical techniques can quickly optimize WPC formulations, making the overall development process faster. By addressing the multiple conflicting properties, these techniques can greatly reduce the time and effort needed for development.HighlightsApplied several regression methods to analyze ten properties of PP‐based WPCs.Showcased distinct impacts of the formulations of WF and MAPP on WPCs.Implemented the adaptive experimental design for formulation optimization.Enhanced bending and impact strengths in the formulations of WPCs.Advanced sustainable material development with data‐driven approach.
{"title":"Accelerating development in wood‐plastic composites: Presenting key material properties and demonstrating statistical methods","authors":"Yoshikuni Teramoto, Shinji Ogoe, Takashi Endo","doi":"10.1002/pc.28990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28990","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:label/>In a time when global initiatives to lower CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> emissions are accelerating the shift towards bio‐based products, various efforts are being made to develop wood plastic composites (WPCs) and similar bio‐composites using a variety of raw materials. This paper first showcases benchmark material properties serving as standards and models the composition, for polypropylene‐based WPCs integrating wood flour and maleic anhydride‐modified polypropylene. Subsequently, by applying statistical modeling techniques, we demonstrate an adaptive experimental design that efficiently and rapidly adjusts formulations. Beginning with an empirical dataset (24 samples), we established high‐performing models that articulate the individual contributions of the constituents on ten vital properties of WPCs. Our adaptive experimental design, leveraging nonlinear partial least squares regression and the Bayesian optimization, successfully refined formulations to enhance bending and impact strengths. Notably, we proposed optimal conditions starting from just eight samples with minimal iterations. This study shows that statistical techniques can quickly optimize WPC formulations, making the overall development process faster. By addressing the multiple conflicting properties, these techniques can greatly reduce the time and effort needed for development.Highlights<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item>Applied several regression methods to analyze ten properties of PP‐based WPCs.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Showcased distinct impacts of the formulations of WF and MAPP on WPCs.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Implemented the adaptive experimental design for formulation optimization.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Enhanced bending and impact strengths in the formulations of WPCs.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Advanced sustainable material development with data‐driven approach.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":20375,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Composites","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：