Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献_第8页

Optimizing risk-based disease control strategies through network analysis: Case insights from FMD in Sri Lanka 通过网络分析优化基于风险的疾病控制策略：来自斯里兰卡口蹄疫的案例见解

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106727

Umanga Gunasekera , Mohamed A. Fazi , Chris Bartels , Veerasak Punyapornwithaya , Andres Perez , Kimberly VanderWaal , Dennis N. Makau

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease in Sri Lanka. The disease spreads among cattle and buffaloes via direct and indirect contact. Management of FMD is challenging given its endemicity and the largely extensive grazing management practices. This situation is further exacerbated by the difficulty in controlling animal movement. In this study, we describe livestock movement networks in an FMD high-risk area in Sri Lanka and the impact of implementing various control measures on FMD outbreaks. Cattle and buffalo movement networks were created based on the information obtained from the farmers regarding grazing patterns and the veterinary officers regarding animal movement, responding to a pretested questionnaire. In-person questionnaires were administered to each veterinarian in the Eastern province in Sri Lanka and 10 selected farmers from each veterinary range (administrative regions within districts). Static, directed and undirected networks representing grazing and inter-VS range movements were constructed and analyzed for structure, connectivity and communities. Network fragmentation index was used to test the effect of iterations of targeted disrupting potential network-based transmission in the population through animal vaccination. Forty out of the total 46 veterinary range representatives and 294 farmer responses to the questionnaire were collected between January and December 2017. Animal movements primarily occurred within the province and in each district three different network communities were observed, and a fourth community combined the three districts. Targeting high-centrality farms during an outbreak and conducting biannual vaccinations in veterinary ranges with high network centrality could reduce outbreaks significantly compared to applying random control measures. In conclusion, targeted interventions appear to offer a more cost-effective approach for controlling contagious diseases like FMD in Sri Lanka. Informal patterns may contribute meaningfully to disease spread and should therefore be considered in the design of control strategies.

口蹄疫是斯里兰卡的一种地方病。该病通过直接和间接接触在牛和水牛之间传播。鉴于口蹄疫的地方性和广泛的放牧管理做法，口蹄疫的管理具有挑战性。这种情况由于难以控制动物运动而进一步恶化。在这项研究中，我们描述了斯里兰卡口蹄疫高风险地区的牲畜流动网络，以及实施各种控制措施对口蹄疫疫情的影响。根据从农民获得的关于放牧模式的信息和兽医官员获得的关于动物运动的信息，根据预先测试的问卷，建立了牛和水牛运动网络。对斯里兰卡东部省的每位兽医和每个兽医区（区内行政区域）选出的10名农民进行了问卷调查。构建了静态、有向和无向网络，并对其结构、连通性和群落进行了分析。使用网络碎片化指数来测试通过动物疫苗有针对性地破坏潜在的基于网络的种群传播迭代的效果。在2017年1月至12月期间，共收集了46名兽医养殖场代表中的40名和294名农民对问卷的回复。动物活动主要发生在省内，在每个地区观察到三个不同的网络社区，第四个社区将三个地区合并在一起。与采用随机控制措施相比，在疫情爆发期间以高集中度的农场为目标，并在具有高网络集中度的兽医范围进行一年两次的疫苗接种，可显著减少疫情。总之，有针对性的干预措施似乎为斯里兰卡控制口蹄疫等传染病提供了一种更具成本效益的方法。非正式模式可能对疾病传播有重大影响，因此在制定控制战略时应予以考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Abattoir surveillance: Identifying risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis lesion detection in a low prevalence region 屠宰场监测：在低流行区确定与牛结核病病变检测相关的危险因素

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106710

Alberto Gomez-Buendia , Roxana Triguero-Ocaña , Pilar Pozo , Marta Muñoz-Mendoza , Marta Alvarez-Fidalgo , Jorge Mourelo , Beatriz Romero , Julio Alvarez

Abattoir surveillance is a key component in control and eradication programs against bovine tuberculosis (bTB). In low-prevalence or officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) regions in which active surveillance is typically limited or non-existent, postmortem inspection at the abattoir constitutes one of the main diagnostic tool to guarantee the absence of disease transmission. Here, we evaluated the performance of abattoir postmortem inspection in Galicia, a low-prevalence region in Spain (now OTF). Between 2014 and 2019, 1,784,261 animals were culled in 41 abattoirs, of which a small proportion (0.74 %, n = 13,200) were reactors in bTB antemortem tests. Two mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed the risk of detecting bTB-compatible lesions adjusting for potential confounding factors (age, sex, breed, production type, herd size, location, year and season of slaughter, and antemortem bTB test results) while accounting for the lack of independence between animals from the same herd/slaughtered in the same abattoir. Lesions were detected in 0.013 % (n = 223 animals) and 2.3 % (n = 301 animals) of all the non-reactor and reactor slaughtered animals, respectively, and were confirmed through culture in 9.0 % and 29.9 % of the bTB-lesioned non-reactor and reactor animals. Probability of bTB-like lesion detection varied considerably between abattoirs and was influenced by several animal and farm-level factors: in non-reactors older beef cattle slaughtered in certain years were at higher risk, while in reactors beef cattle from certain provinces and years with a high skin fold thickness increase had a higher probability. These results provide important baseline data on the performance of passive surveillance in low-prevalence settings and offer valuable insights for enhancing bTB surveillance and control strategies.

屠宰场监测是牛结核病控制和根除规划的关键组成部分。在低流行率或正式无结核病（OTF）地区，主动监测通常有限或不存在，在屠宰场进行死后检查是保证不发生疾病传播的主要诊断工具之一。在这里，我们评估了加利西亚屠宰场死后检查的表现，加利西亚是西班牙的一个低流行地区（现在是OTF）。2014年至2019年期间，41个屠宰场扑杀了1,784,261只动物，其中一小部分（0.74 %,n = 13,200）是bTB死前测试的反应堆。两个混合效应logistic回归模型评估了检测bTB相容病变的风险，调整了潜在的混杂因素（年龄、性别、品种、生产类型、畜群规模、地点、屠宰年份和季节以及死前bTB检测结果），同时考虑了来自同一畜群/在同一屠宰场屠宰的动物之间缺乏独立性。在所有非反应器和反应器屠宰动物中，病变检出率分别为0.013% % （n = 223只）和2.3 % （n = 301只），在感染btb的非反应器动物和反应器动物中，通过培养分别为9.0 %和29.9 %。btb样病变检测的概率在不同屠宰场之间差异很大，并受到若干动物和农场层面因素的影响：在非反应器中，某些年份屠宰的老肉牛风险较高，而在反应器中，来自某些省份和皮褶厚度增加较高年份的肉牛风险较高。这些结果为低流行环境中被动监测的绩效提供了重要的基线数据，并为加强结核监测和控制战略提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Benchmarking management practices that impact calf morbidity and mortality in Canadian beef cow-calf herds 影响加拿大肉牛群小牛发病率和死亡率的基准管理实践

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106725

V. Margarita Sanguinetti , Cindy Adams , John Campbell , Sylvia L. Checkley , Cheryl L. Waldner , M. Claire Windeyer

Determining the frequency of outbreaks and use of management practices in Canadian beef cow-calf herds is important to understand the extent to which herds may be vulnerable to disease and help direct future management recommendations. Objectives were to 1. benchmark the frequency of outbreaks of preweaning Neonatal Calf Diarrhea (NCD), Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), and calf mortality, as well as the use of relevant management practices, 2. compare the frequency of outbreaks and practices across regions, 3. assess the unconditional association of these practices with outbreaks, and 4. describe the importance producers gave to productivity parameters. Participants in the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network were surveyed in October 2022. One hundred and twenty-five participants responded to the questionnaire. Over 40 % of herds had at least one type of outbreak from 2019 to 2021. Eighty percent of herds that had mortality outbreaks also had NCD or BRD ones. The frequency of outbreaks did not differ across regions (P ≥ 0.05), while the use of several breeding, calving, colostrum, and biosecurity practices did (P < 0.05). Several calving practices associated with intensive management were associated with increased odds of herds having NCD or calf mortality outbreaks. Also, calving in large pastures was associated with increased the odds of mortality outbreaks, and leasing or sharing bulls with increased the odds of BRD outbreaks. Several commonly used high-risk herd-level practices could be associated with the high frequency of outbreaks and warrant further investigation as potential risk factors.

确定加拿大肉牛和小牛群中疾病暴发的频率和管理措施的使用对于了解畜群可能易受疾病影响的程度和帮助指导未来的管理建议非常重要。目标是1。对断奶前新生儿小牛腹泻（NCD）、牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）和小牛死亡率爆发的频率以及相关管理措施的使用进行基准测试2。2 .比较各区域爆发的频率和做法；3 .评估这些做法与疫情的无条件关联；描述生产商对生产率参数的重视程度。加拿大牛-小牛监测网络的参与者于2022年10月接受了调查。125名参与者回答了调查问卷。从2019年到2021年，超过40% %的畜群至少爆发了一种类型的疫情。80%发生死亡暴发的畜群同时也发生了非传染性疾病或BRD。不同地区爆发的频率没有差异（P ≥ 0.05），而使用几种饲养、产犊、初乳和生物安全措施则存在差异（P <； 0.05）。与集约化管理相关的几种产犊做法与畜群发生非传染性疾病或小牛死亡暴发的几率增加有关。此外，在大型牧场产犊与死亡率爆发的几率增加有关，租赁或共享公牛与BRD爆发的几率增加有关。几种常用的高风险群体做法可能与疫情的高频率有关，值得作为潜在风险因素进行进一步调查。

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引用次数: 0

Moving beyond metrics: Capturing the clinical context behind antibiotic prescriptions in French broiler production 超越指标：捕捉法国肉鸡生产中抗生素处方背后的临床背景

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106700

Rebecca Hibbard , Lisa Fourtune , Matthieu Pinson , Mattias Delpont , Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt , Céline Faverjon , Mathilde C. Paul

Significant reductions in antimicrobial use (AMU) in food production animals have been observed over the last 10 years across Europe. We sought to understand recent changes in AMU by characterising antibiotic prescribing patterns in poultry production in the context of associated clinical information. We analysed trends in AMU for conventional broiler chicken production in France based on a dataset of 193,526 sales for 33,831 flocks on 2120 farms for 2015–2023, including 21,218 antibiotic prescriptions. We found the percentage of flocks prescribed antibiotics dropped from 65 % in 2013 to 20 % in 2023, plateauing in 2020–2023 (oscillating between 13 % and 23 %), and observed a reduction in the use of critical antibiotics. A multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components of 1112 antibiotic prescriptions and associated clinical data for 2021–2022 produced 1940 prescription events, grouped in five clusters of antibiotic prescribing patterns, each characterised by a combination of clinical indicators related to age at treatment, lesions, syndromes, diagnoses, and isolated bacteria. Two main clusters were associated with bacterial diagnoses, suggesting that use of antibiotics in these clusters was necessary to manage disease. Two clusters were identified as potential targets for further interventions to improve antimicrobial stewardship, focusing on underlying factors driving AMU rather than outright reductions. Our findings raise questions about the sustainability of further reductions in AMU and their implications for animal health and welfare. This calls for a shift to a more sustainable approach to monitoring antimicrobial stewardship, using integrated indicators which consider AMU within its broader context.

在过去十年中，整个欧洲都观察到食品生产动物中抗菌素使用（AMU）的显著减少。我们试图通过在相关临床信息的背景下描述家禽生产中的抗生素处方模式来了解AMU的最新变化。我们基于2015-2023年法国2120个农场33,831只鸡的193,526次销售数据集（包括21,218张抗生素处方），分析了法国传统肉鸡生产的AMU趋势。我们发现，使用抗生素的鸡群比例从2013年的65% %下降到2023年的20%，并在2020-2023年达到稳定水平（在13% %和23% %之间波动），并且观察到关键抗生素的使用有所减少。对1112种抗生素处方和2021-2022年相关临床数据的主要成分进行多重对应分析和分层聚类，产生了1940种处方事件，分为抗生素处方模式的五个聚类，每个聚类的特征是与治疗年龄、病变、综合征、诊断和分离细菌相关的临床指标的组合。两个主要聚类与细菌诊断相关，表明在这些聚类中使用抗生素对于控制疾病是必要的。确定了两个集群作为进一步干预措施的潜在目标，以改善抗菌药物管理，重点关注驱动AMU的潜在因素，而不是彻底减少。我们的发现提出了进一步减少AMU的可持续性及其对动物健康和福利的影响的问题。这就需要转向一种更可持续的方法来监测抗菌素管理，使用综合指标，在更广泛的背景下考虑抗菌素。

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引用次数: 0

Brucellosis seropositivity and risk factors in small ruminants and livestock workers: A cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan 小反刍动物和畜牧工人布鲁氏菌病血清阳性和危险因素：巴基斯坦旁遮普的一项横断面研究

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106726

Muhammad Shakeel Khaliq , Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq , Abdul Rehman , Farhat Nazir Awan , Muhammad Avais , Tariq Jamil

Brucellosis is a major zoonotic disease worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the seropositive proportion of brucellosis and identify associated risk factors in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and livestock workers in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1783 blood samples were collected from unvaccinated sheep and goats across 219 flocks, along with 122 blood samples from occupationally exposed humans using convenience sampling of villages and flocks. Serum samples were tested using a commercial indirect-ELISA kit. Overall, 2.0 % of animals were seropositive, 9.1 % of flocks had at least one seropositive animal, and 9.8 % of livestock workers were seropositive. Significant animal-level risk factors included flock sizes > 50 (OR: 6.5), extensive production systems (OR: 5.6), introduction of new animals without quarantine (OR: 17.1), and mixed farming with large ruminants (OR: 4.0). In humans, contact with seropositive animals (OR: 8.2), animal abortions (OR: 16.2), and unpasteurized milk consumption (OR: 23.3) were key predictors. Real-time PCR confirmed Brucella abortus in sheep and goats, but no Brucella DNA was detected in humans. These findings underscore the importance of integrated surveillance, farmer education, and biosecurity measures to mitigate zoonotic transmission. Further large-scale studies using advanced molecular tools are recommended to validate these findings and support targeted brucellosis control programs.

布鲁氏菌病是世界范围内主要的人畜共患疾病。本横断面研究旨在确定巴基斯坦旁遮普省小反刍动物（绵羊和山羊）和畜牧工人中布鲁氏菌病血清阳性比例，并确定相关危险因素。从219个畜群中未接种疫苗的绵羊和山羊共采集了1783份血液样本，并通过便利的村庄和畜群采样，从职业暴露人群中采集了122份血液样本。使用商业间接elisa试剂盒检测血清样本。总体而言，2.0 %的动物血清呈阳性，9.1 %的畜群至少有一只血清呈阳性，9.8 %的畜牧工人血清呈阳性。重要的动物层面风险因素包括畜群规模> 50 （OR: 6.5）、粗放型生产系统（OR: 5.6）、未经检疫的新动物引进（OR: 17.1）和大型反刍动物混合养殖（OR: 4.0）。在人类中，接触血清阳性动物（OR: 8.2）、动物流产（OR: 16.2）和食用未经巴氏消毒的牛奶（OR: 23.3）是关键预测因素。实时荧光定量PCR证实在绵羊和山羊中检测到流产布鲁氏菌，但在人类中未检测到布鲁氏菌DNA。这些发现强调了综合监测、农民教育和生物安全措施对减轻人畜共患病传播的重要性。建议使用先进的分子工具进行进一步的大规模研究，以验证这些发现并支持有针对性的布鲁氏菌病控制规划。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of photographic fecal scoring in puppies 幼犬粪便照相评分的验证

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106729

Chloé Chauvel , Ilyas Bendahmane , Emma Vellard , Faouzi Lyazrhi , Annabelle Meynadier , Hanna Mila , Aurélien Grellet

Background

Diarrhea is a common issue in puppies and compromises the well-being of animals and their owners. To date, objective assessment of fecal consistency has relied on a fecal scoring scale applied to fresh feces; however, given the challenges associated with accessing fresh stool samples, digital scoring presents an interesting potential alternative. This study aimed to test the validity of using photographs to approximate the in situ fresh fecal scoring scale.

Methods

In a first experiment, 40 fresh feces were collected from puppies and scored in-situ with a 13-point fecal scale. Feces were then photographed and later assessed on picture. Agreement between the two scoring methods was evaluated using a Bland-Altman plot and kappa coefficients. In a second experiment, four observers scored independently 98 stool photographs. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess inter-observer agreement. Intra-observer reproducibility was also explored with a Bland-Altman plot and kappa coefficients.

Results

Our findings showed good agreement between the two methods (weighted kappa coefficient of 0.93 (95 % CI [0.87, 0.98]) and no significant bias in the Bland-Altman plot). Our study also showed good inter-observer (ICC of 0.83 (95 % CI [0.78, 0.87])) and intra-observer (weighted kappa coefficient of 0.93 (95 % CI [0.91, 0.96]) and no significant bias in the Bland-Altman plot) agreements.

Conclusions

The puppy fecal scoring scale employed in the present study appeared to be reliably applicable to photographs for objectively assessing fecal consistency in puppies. It is a promising solution for veterinary practices and future research studies.

背景：腹泻是幼犬的常见问题，会损害动物及其主人的健康。迄今为止，对粪便一致性的客观评估依赖于适用于新鲜粪便的粪便评分量表；然而，考虑到获取新鲜粪便样本的挑战，数字评分提供了一个有趣的潜在替代方案。本研究旨在测试使用照片来近似就地新鲜粪便评分量表的有效性。方法第一次实验收集40只幼犬新鲜粪便，采用13分制就地评分。然后对粪便进行拍照，随后对照片进行评估。使用Bland-Altman图和kappa系数评估两种评分方法之间的一致性。在第二个实验中，四名观察者分别对98张粪便照片打分。计算类内相关系数以评估观察者间的一致性。还用Bland-Altman图和kappa系数探讨了观察者内部的可重复性。结果两种方法的结果吻合良好（加权kappa系数为0.93(95 % CI [0.87, 0.98])， Bland-Altman图无显著偏倚）。我们的研究还显示了良好的观察者间(ICC为0.83（95 % CI[0.78, 0.87]）和观察者内（加权kappa系数为0.93（95 % CI[0.91, 0.96]）一致性，Bland-Altman图中没有显著偏差）。结论本研究采用的幼犬粪便评分量表能够可靠地应用于照片，客观地评价幼犬粪便的一致性。这对兽医实践和未来的研究是一个很有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing multidrug resistance patterns across the food supply chain using association rule mining 使用关联规则挖掘分析食品供应链中的多药耐药模式

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106713

Joshua C. Glass , Gayatri Anil , Jordan D. Zehr , Kristina M. Ceres , Laura B. Goodman , Casey L. Cazer

We used the machine learning method association rule mining to analyze multidrug resistance (MDR) among cattle-associated Escherichia coli along the food supply chain in the USA. All datasets were stratified by year, source, and resistance indicator (genotypic/phenotypic). Pruned rulesets were compared by calculating the proportion of rules from a comparison ruleset that are captured in a reference ruleset. Rulesets were compared across years within each source and indicator type to quantify how MDR patterns change over time. At the class level, on average nearly 50 % or more of the MDR patterns remain the same year over year for genotypic and phenotypic indicators. Rulesets were compared between data sources to quantify how MDR patterns change across the food supply chain. These comparisons suggest that there is a greater diversity of MDR patterns present at slaughterhouse settings than at retail settings; and further, that there is a greater diversity of MDR patterns amongst sick cattle on farm settings than at either slaughterhouse or retail settings. Genetic evidence supports this being attributable to a greater genetic diversity associated with pathogenic bacteria vs commensals. Rulesets were compared between indicators to quantify the degree of correspondence between phenotypic and genotypic data. Genotypic rulesets were better able to capture phenotypic rulesets than the reverse. Adding another aminoglycoside (streptomycin) to the phenotypic analysis, improved ruleset correspondence. This asymmetry may be driven by drug specific aminoglycoside resistance genes, suggesting that more drugs need to be assessed to have a fuller understanding of the variation in MDR patterns.

我们使用机器学习方法关联规则挖掘来分析美国食品供应链中与牛相关的大肠杆菌的多药耐药性（MDR）。所有数据集按年份、来源和抗性指标（基因型/表型）分层。通过计算在参考规则集中捕获的来自比较规则集中的规则的比例来比较修剪后的规则集。在每个来源和指标类型中对规则集进行了跨年比较，以量化MDR模式如何随时间变化。在班级水平上，基因型和表型指标平均接近50% %或更多的耐多药模式保持相同。对数据源之间的规则集进行比较，以量化MDR模式在整个食品供应链中的变化情况。这些比较表明，与零售环境相比，屠宰场环境中耐多药耐药性模式的多样性更大；此外，与屠宰场或零售环境相比，农场环境中病牛的耐多药模式存在更大的多样性。遗传证据支持这可归因于与致病菌和共生菌相关的更大的遗传多样性。对指标之间的规则集进行比较，以量化表型和基因型数据之间的对应程度。基因型规则集比相反的规则集更能捕获表型规则集。在表型分析中加入另一种氨基糖苷（链霉素），改善了规则集的对应性。这种不对称可能是由药物特异性氨基糖苷耐药基因驱动的，这表明需要对更多的药物进行评估，以更全面地了解耐多药模式的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns and factors influencing antibiotic use among poultry farmers in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam 影响越南太原省家禽养殖户抗生素使用的模式和因素

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106696

Naomi P. Kemunto , Sinh Dang-Xuan , Yen Luu-Thi-Hai , Huyen Nguyen-Xuan , Eugine L. Ibayi , Søren Saxmose Nielsen , Hung Nguyen-Viet , Arshnee Moodley , Dishon M. Muloi

Understanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in poultry production is essential for designing effective stewardship and farm management strategies. We analysed antibiotic use patterns, farm management practices, and factors influencing use among 398 semi-intensive poultry farms in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. Data on antibiotic use and mortality during the last production cycle, and biosecurity measures were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively and statistically. Antibiotic use was reported by 77 % of intensive farms, 70 % medium-scale farms and 33 % small-scale farms, with 76 %, 59 % and 54 % of these respectively, indicating use for therapeutic purposes. Doxycycline and Amoxicillin were the most used antibiotics on intensive and medium-scale farms, while tylosin and amoxicillin were common on small-scale farms. Biosecurity levels were low across all farm types, although intensive farms reported higher implementation. Farmers prioritised external biosecurity measures, particularly those related to infrastructure, biological vectors, and feed and water management. Mortality rates were low, averaging 1.5 % on intensive farms, 3 % on medium-scale farms, and 1.7 % on small-scale farms. In small-scale farms, antibiotic use was significantly associated with the presence of other poultry types (OR: 3.3), farmers’ perception of antibiotic effectiveness (OR: 2.3), having a fence (OR=3.3) and high morbidity (OR=1.1). Storing feed on elevated floors reduced likelihood of use (OR=0.2). On medium-scale farms, high morbidity (OR=1.3) and storing feed in a separate room (OR=3.5) were linked to increased use. Among intensive farms, high morbidity was associated antibiotic use (OR=10.7). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to strengthen biosecurity, enforce regulations, and promote responsible antibiotic use in Vietnam's poultry sector.

了解家禽生产中抗生素使用的模式和驱动因素对于设计有效的管理和农场管理策略至关重要。我们分析了越南泰阮省398个半集约化家禽养殖场的抗生素使用模式、农场管理实践和影响抗生素使用的因素。采用结构化问卷收集上一个生产周期的抗生素使用和死亡率数据，并对生物安全措施进行描述性和统计学分析。有77% %的集约化养殖场、70% %的中型养殖场和33% %的小型养殖场报告使用抗生素，其中76 %、59 %和54 %的养殖场报告使用抗生素用于治疗目的。多西环素和阿莫西林是集约化和中等规模养殖场使用最多的抗生素，而泰洛辛和阿莫西林在小规模养殖场使用最多。所有农场类型的生物安全水平都很低，尽管集约化农场的实施情况较高。农民优先考虑外部生物安全措施，特别是与基础设施、生物媒介以及饲料和水管理有关的措施。死亡率很低，集约化农场平均为1.5 %，中等规模农场为3 %，小规模农场为1.7 %。在小规模养殖场，抗生素的使用与其他家禽类型的存在（OR: 3.3）、农民对抗生素有效性的看法（OR: 2.3）、围栏（OR=3.3）和高发病率（OR=1.1）显著相关。将饲料储存在高架地板上降低了使用的可能性（OR=0.2）。在中等规模养殖场，高发病率（OR=1.3）和在单独房间储存饲料（OR=3.5）与使用增加有关。在集约化农场中，高发病率与抗生素使用有关（OR=10.7）。这些发现突出表明，需要采取有针对性的干预措施，以加强越南家禽业的生物安全、执行法规和促进负责任地使用抗生素。

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引用次数: 0

Automating classification of veterinary biosecurity recommendations using machine learning 使用机器学习自动分类兽医生物安全建议。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106723

Vitória R. Lima-Campêlo , Mariana Fonseca , Marie-Pascale Morin , Faustin Farison , William L. Nankam Nguekap , Karol G. Solano-Suarez , Herman W. Barkema , Waseem Shaukat , David L. Renaud , David F. Kelton , Gilles Fecteau , Jean-Philippe Roy , Pablo Valdés Donoso , Solène Le Manac'h , Juan C. Arango-Sabogal , Marie-Ève Paradis , Nancy Beauregard , Manon Racicot , Cécile Aenishaenslin , Simon Dufour

ProAction® is a mandatory Canadian milk quality assurance program that requires dairy farmers to conduct a biosecurity risk assessment with a veterinarian. Based on this assessment, the veterinarian provides personalized recommendations to improve farm biosecurity, resulting in a large volume of text data. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model capable of automatically classifying these biosecurity recommendations into 12 predefined categories. As the recommendations were written in French or English, all texts were translated into French to ensure consistency in feature extraction and model training. The model was trained on 11,250 manually classified veterinary recommendations from 3825 Québec dairy herds, collected between 2018 and 2021. Three algorithms were tested: Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). Performance was evaluated using precision, recall, and F1-score. The SVM achieved the highest performance while maintaining efficient processing time. The trained SVM model was selected to classify new recommendations collected between 2022 and 2024 from herds in Alberta, Ontario and Québec. To evaluate model’s performance on this new dataset, a random sample of 250 recommendations was manually classified. The agreement between human classification and model predictions resulted in a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.88, suggesting strong agreement. This study highlights the potential of machine learning to classify biosecurity recommendations and support timely, informed decision-making in dairy herd management.

ProAction®是加拿大强制性的牛奶质量保证计划，要求奶农与兽医一起进行生物安全风险评估。根据这一评估，兽医提供个性化建议，以提高农场生物安全，从而产生大量文本数据。本研究旨在开发一种机器学习模型，能够将这些生物安全建议自动分类为12个预定义的类别。由于建议是用法语或英语编写的，因此所有文本都被翻译成法语，以确保特征提取和模型训练的一致性。该模型是根据2018年至2021年期间收集的3825个qu奶牛群的11250条人工分类兽医建议进行训练的。测试了三种算法：多项式Naïve贝叶斯（MNB），支持向量机（SVM）和随机森林（RF）。使用准确率、召回率和f1评分来评估性能。支持向量机在保持高效处理时间的同时获得了最高的性能。选择训练好的支持向量机模型对2022年至2024年间从阿尔伯塔省、安大略省和qusamubec省的牧群中收集的新建议进行分类。为了评估模型在这个新数据集上的性能，我们对250个推荐的随机样本进行了手动分类。人类分类和模型预测之间的一致性导致科恩Kappa值为0.88，表明一致性很强。这项研究强调了机器学习在分类生物安全建议和支持奶牛群管理中及时、明智的决策方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Scoping review on farmer information sources for animal health 动物卫生农民信息源的范围审查。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106732

Jorge Rivera-Gomis , Daniel Serrano-Jara , John Berezowski

Livestock farmers are the central decision makers for control of most endemic diseases, which makes them a vital stakeholder for the effective communication of information created from disease surveillance. We conducted a scoping review of the relevant scientific literature following PRISMA standards to identify the most common information channels or networks through which farmers receive information about animal health or disease. We found 50 articles that met our inclusion criteria (see methods section) by searching the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science from 1960 – Feb 2025. Most of the articles (n = 34) came from the UK. Most of the studies targeted cattle farmers (n = 31), followed by sheep farmers (n = 19) and pig farmers (n = 10). Farmers were reported to receive information from a wide variety of sources. Veterinarians were reported to be the most important information source (n = 36). Other sources reported to be important were nutritionists and foot trimers (n = 1), other farmers (n = 1), farmer associations and schemes (n = 1) and the farm press (n = 1). Five studies reported that a combination of different sources was the most effective for communicating to farmers. From this study, we can conclude that veterinarians are the primary animal health/disease information source for farmers and should always be included when designing strategies to communicate health/disease related information to farmer. Other information sources are less important but should be included when communication is intended to reach as many farmers as possible.

畜牧农民是控制大多数地方病的核心决策者，这使他们成为有效交流疾病监测产生的信息的重要利益攸关方。我们按照PRISMA标准对相关科学文献进行了范围审查，以确定农民获得动物健康或疾病信息的最常见信息渠道或网络。通过检索PubMed和Web of Science电子数据库，从1960年到2025年2月，我们找到了50篇符合我们纳入标准的文章（见方法部分）。大多数文章（n = 34）来自英国。大多数研究针对养牛户（n = 31），其次是养羊户（n = 19）和养猪户（n = 10）。据报告，农民从各种各样的来源获得信息。兽医被认为是最重要的信息来源（n = 36）。据报道，其他重要的来源包括营养学家和三脚专家（n = 1）、其他农民（n = 1）、农民协会和计划（n = 1）和农场新闻（n = 1）。五项研究报告说，不同来源的结合对于与农民沟通是最有效的。从这项研究中，我们可以得出结论，兽医是农民的主要动物健康/疾病信息来源，在设计与农民沟通健康/疾病相关信息的策略时应始终包括兽医。其他信息来源不那么重要，但当沟通的目的是使尽可能多的农民接触到这些信息时，应该包括这些信息来源。

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引用次数: 0