Preventive veterinary medicine最新文献_第8页

Factors associated with perceived barriers to canine rabies vaccination among owners of unvaccinated dogs in Sierra Leone 在塞拉利昂未接种疫苗的狗的主人中，与犬狂犬病疫苗接种障碍相关的因素。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106698

Philip P. Mshelbwala , J. Scott Weese , Oyelola Adegboye , Roland Suluku , Ifeoluwapo Akanbi , Abdul G. Jalloh , Joseph A. Bunting-Graden , Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan , Charles E. Rupprecht

Dog vaccination is the most effective method for preventing rabies virus transmission and human deaths. However, in Sierra Leone, vaccination rates remain low, and the reasons for non-vaccination are not well understood. We analysed 2023 household survey data using a hierarchical Bayesian multinomial regression to provide insight into perceived barriers to canine rabies vaccination among owners of unvaccinated dogs. Our results indicated that of the 2558 dog-owning households interviewed, only 14 % (358) reported having fully vaccinated their dogs. Of the 2200 respondents with unvaccinated dogs, most (71.6 %) didn’t know how to access rabies vaccination services, 17.6 % cited cost, and 10.8 % believed it was unimportant. Posterior distribution of our model showed that urban residents had 91 % lower odds of believing rabies vaccination was unimportant compared to rural residents (OR = 0.11, 95 % CrI: 0.02–0.34). Similarly, individuals with tertiary education had 28 % lower odds of believing rabies vaccination was unimportant (OR = 0.72, 95 % CrI: 0.31–1.59), though this effect is uncertain despite an 80 % probability of being protective. Respondents in areas without veterinary services were more likely to cite cost as a barrier. Students were significantly less likely than civil servants to consider rabies vaccination unimportant (OR = 0.41, 95 % CrI: 0.17–0.95). In contrast, owners of free-roaming dogs were significantly twice as likely to believe that rabies vaccination was unimportant (OR = 2.41, 95 % CrI: 1.15–5.59). Those with partially confined dogs were significantly more likely to report not knowing how to access rabies vaccination services (OR = 1.99, 95 % CrI: 1.39–2.86). Compared to households citing cost, those in the Eastern Province were significantly less likely to report that the vaccine is unimportant. Respondents in the Western Area were significantly less likely to report cost as a barrier. In contrast, households in the Eastern were more likely to report cost as a barrier. These findings suggest that barriers to dog vaccination in Sierra Leone are shaped by a combination of informational, socioeconomic, and geographic factors. Improving public awareness, especially in rural areas, and expanding access to veterinary services could help address key obstacles. Tailored outreach strategies that consider education levels, occupation types, and local infrastructure are recommended to enhance vaccination uptake and support rabies prevention efforts.

犬只接种疫苗是预防狂犬病病毒传播和人类死亡的最有效方法。然而，在塞拉利昂，疫苗接种率仍然很低，不接种疫苗的原因也没有得到很好的了解。我们使用分层贝叶斯多项式回归分析了2023个家庭调查数据，以深入了解未接种疫苗的狗的主人对犬狂犬病疫苗接种的感知障碍。我们的结果表明，在接受采访的2558个养狗家庭中，只有14 %（358）报告他们的狗完全接种了疫苗。在2200名未接种狂犬病疫苗的受访者中，大多数（71.6 %）不知道如何获得狂犬病疫苗接种服务，17.6 %的人认为费用，10.8 %的人认为不重要。模型的后验分布表明，城市居民认为狂犬病疫苗接种不重要的几率比农村居民低91 % （OR = 0.11, 95 % CrI: 0.02-0.34）。同样，受过高等教育的个体认为狂犬病疫苗接种不重要的几率要低28 % (OR = 0.72, 95 % CrI: 0.31-1.59)，尽管这种影响是不确定的，尽管有80 %的可能性具有保护作用。没有兽医服务地区的答复者更有可能将费用列为障碍。学生认为狂犬病疫苗接种不重要的可能性显著低于公务员（OR = 0.41, 95 % CrI: 0.17-0.95）。相比之下，自由流浪狗的主人认为狂犬病疫苗接种不重要的可能性是前者的两倍（OR = 2.41, 95 % CrI: 1.15-5.59）。那些部分限制狗的人更有可能报告不知道如何获得狂犬病疫苗接种服务（OR = 1.99, 95 % CrI: 1.39-2.86）。与以费用为理由的家庭相比，东部省份的家庭认为疫苗不重要的可能性要小得多。西部地区的受访者不太可能将成本视为障碍。相比之下，东部地区的家庭更有可能将成本视为一个障碍。这些发现表明，塞拉利昂犬类疫苗接种的障碍是由信息、社会经济和地理因素共同造成的。提高公众意识，特别是在农村地区，并扩大获得兽医服务的机会，可能有助于解决主要障碍。建议考虑教育水平、职业类型和当地基础设施的量身定制的外展战略，以加强疫苗接种并支持狂犬病预防工作。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns and factors influencing antibiotic use among poultry farmers in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam 影响越南太原省家禽养殖户抗生素使用的模式和因素

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106696

Naomi P. Kemunto , Sinh Dang-Xuan , Yen Luu-Thi-Hai , Huyen Nguyen-Xuan , Eugine L. Ibayi , Søren Saxmose Nielsen , Hung Nguyen-Viet , Arshnee Moodley , Dishon M. Muloi

Understanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in poultry production is essential for designing effective stewardship and farm management strategies. We analysed antibiotic use patterns, farm management practices, and factors influencing use among 398 semi-intensive poultry farms in Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. Data on antibiotic use and mortality during the last production cycle, and biosecurity measures were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively and statistically. Antibiotic use was reported by 77 % of intensive farms, 70 % medium-scale farms and 33 % small-scale farms, with 76 %, 59 % and 54 % of these respectively, indicating use for therapeutic purposes. Doxycycline and Amoxicillin were the most used antibiotics on intensive and medium-scale farms, while tylosin and amoxicillin were common on small-scale farms. Biosecurity levels were low across all farm types, although intensive farms reported higher implementation. Farmers prioritised external biosecurity measures, particularly those related to infrastructure, biological vectors, and feed and water management. Mortality rates were low, averaging 1.5 % on intensive farms, 3 % on medium-scale farms, and 1.7 % on small-scale farms. In small-scale farms, antibiotic use was significantly associated with the presence of other poultry types (OR: 3.3), farmers’ perception of antibiotic effectiveness (OR: 2.3), having a fence (OR=3.3) and high morbidity (OR=1.1). Storing feed on elevated floors reduced likelihood of use (OR=0.2). On medium-scale farms, high morbidity (OR=1.3) and storing feed in a separate room (OR=3.5) were linked to increased use. Among intensive farms, high morbidity was associated antibiotic use (OR=10.7). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to strengthen biosecurity, enforce regulations, and promote responsible antibiotic use in Vietnam's poultry sector.

了解家禽生产中抗生素使用的模式和驱动因素对于设计有效的管理和农场管理策略至关重要。我们分析了越南泰阮省398个半集约化家禽养殖场的抗生素使用模式、农场管理实践和影响抗生素使用的因素。采用结构化问卷收集上一个生产周期的抗生素使用和死亡率数据，并对生物安全措施进行描述性和统计学分析。有77% %的集约化养殖场、70% %的中型养殖场和33% %的小型养殖场报告使用抗生素，其中76 %、59 %和54 %的养殖场报告使用抗生素用于治疗目的。多西环素和阿莫西林是集约化和中等规模养殖场使用最多的抗生素，而泰洛辛和阿莫西林在小规模养殖场使用最多。所有农场类型的生物安全水平都很低，尽管集约化农场的实施情况较高。农民优先考虑外部生物安全措施，特别是与基础设施、生物媒介以及饲料和水管理有关的措施。死亡率很低，集约化农场平均为1.5 %，中等规模农场为3 %，小规模农场为1.7 %。在小规模养殖场，抗生素的使用与其他家禽类型的存在（OR: 3.3）、农民对抗生素有效性的看法（OR: 2.3）、围栏（OR=3.3）和高发病率（OR=1.1）显著相关。将饲料储存在高架地板上降低了使用的可能性（OR=0.2）。在中等规模养殖场，高发病率（OR=1.3）和在单独房间储存饲料（OR=3.5）与使用增加有关。在集约化农场中，高发病率与抗生素使用有关（OR=10.7）。这些发现突出表明，需要采取有针对性的干预措施，以加强越南家禽业的生物安全、执行法规和促进负责任地使用抗生素。

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引用次数: 0

Helminth control practices used by equine keepers in France: a national survey 法国马饲养员使用的蠕虫控制措施：一项全国性调查。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106695

Aurélie Merlin , Marie Delerue

In light of the increasing reports of anthelmintic (AH) resistance in equids, a national survey on helminth control practices was distributed to 42 528 keepers. A total of 4 344 responses was obtained. Respondents implemented preventive pasture practices with varying frequency according to the age of the animals, such as pasture rotations (78.1–80.6 %), excrement removal from pastures several times a year (15.9–27.2 %) and/or mixed or rotational grazing with ruminants (14.5–18.1 %). A majority of keepers routinely used AH treatments even though they did not perceive any major risk to the health of the equids from parasites (65.3–90.4 % according to animal age). The most commonly used AH molecule was ivermectin (73.7 % of users in foals and 92.1 % in older animals). Around 70 % of respondents estimated weight by visual inspection or systematically assigned a predefined quantity of AH that was identical for all animals. Deworming frequency varied according to respondent status (professionals > non-professionals), animal age (foals > older animals) and breed groups kept (galloping horses > other breed groups). Only 5.2 % of respondents collected faeces from animals > 1 year old for coproscopic analysis and selective treatment. Among those surveyed, 20.6 % used a wide variety of products, raw or processed, mainly purchased online, as alternative or complementary methods to veterinary treatments. Veterinarians were the main source of information and advice for implementing deworming protocols. These results demonstrate that there is room for improvement in practices for controlling helminths. They could serve as a basis for developing a guide to best practices, to be distributed to veterinarians and equine keepers during training sessions.

鉴于关于马科动物抗虫性的报告越来越多，向42 528名饲养员分发了一份关于控制寄生虫做法的全国调查。共收到4 344份回复。调查对象根据动物的年龄采取不同频率的预防性放牧措施，如轮牧（78.1-80.6 %）、每年数次清除牧场粪便（15.9-27.2 %）和/或与反刍动物混合或轮牧（14.5-18.1 %）。大多数饲养员即使不认为寄生虫对马科动物的健康有任何重大风险（65.3-90.4 %，根据动物年龄），也经常使用AH治疗。最常用的AH分子是伊维菌素（73.7 %的马驹使用者和92.1 %的老年动物使用者）。大约70% %的应答者通过目视检查或系统地指定所有动物相同的预定义AH量来估计体重。驱虫频率根据被调查者身份（专业人员>非专业人员）、动物年龄（马驹>老年动物）和饲养品种（快马>其他品种）不同而不同。只有5.2 %的应答者收集bb0 1岁动物的粪便进行粪镜分析和选择性治疗。在接受调查的人中，20.6 %的人使用各种各样的产品，主要是在网上购买的原料或加工产品，作为兽医治疗的替代或补充方法。兽医是实施驱虫方案的主要信息和建议来源。这些结果表明，在控制蠕虫的实践中还有改进的余地。它们可以作为制定最佳做法指南的基础，在培训期间分发给兽医和养马人。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of owners’ perception and socioeconomic status on the treatment and clinical outcome of mammary neoplasms in female dogs 饲主观念和社会经济地位对雌性犬乳腺肿瘤治疗和临床结果的影响

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106690

Vanessa Bonfim da Silva , Patrícia Lustosa Brito , Ricardo Lustosa Brito , João Moreira da Costa-Neto , Lorena Gabriela Rocha Ribeiro , Manuela da Silva Solcà , Gabriel Menezes Rodrigues , Laís Pereira Silva , Marcos André Nino Rocha , Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo , Alessandra Estrela-Lima

Mammary neoplasms are common in female dogs, so early diagnosis, appropriate medical intervention, and owner compliance are crucial for effective treatment and an improved quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the spatial epidemiology of mammary tumors in female canines and explore their relationship with owner demographics and attitudes toward pet care. A prospective cohort study was conducted at a University Veterinary Hospital, where clinical data were collected throughout the treatment process. Histopathological evaluations were performed for most patients undergoing mastectomy. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) methodology was employed to interview owners before and after clinical examinations of their dogs presenting with mammary lesions. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS software to assess clinical findings, survival rates, and owners’ demographic and socioeconomic information. In the study, a total of 66 tumors were identified in 66 female dogs. The results indicated that unspayed, mixed-breed females, with an average age of 10 years, were the most affected, with 95 % of tumors classified as malignant. The mean delay between owner detection and veterinary consultation was 210 days. Regarding socioeconomic factors, 35 % of owners earned the minimum wage, while only 9 % earned more than six times the minimum wage. Concerning educational attainment, 52 % of participants had completed secondary education, and 35 % held a university degree. The findings demonstrated that income and education levels significantly influenced treatment adherence. Female owners, who comprised 66 % of respondents, exhibited greater knowledge of cancer risk factors and were more proactive in seeking veterinary care. Additionally, greater distance from the Veterinary University Hospital was associated with larger tumor size, higher malignancy rates, and longer detection times, highlighting the importance of targeted educational initiatives to promote early detection and treatment of mammary neoplasms in female dogs.

乳腺肿瘤在母狗中很常见，因此早期诊断、适当的医疗干预和主人的依从对于有效治疗和改善生活质量至关重要。本研究旨在探讨雌性犬乳腺肿瘤的空间流行病学特征，并探讨其与饲主人口统计学特征和宠物护理态度的关系。在一所大学兽医医院进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，在整个治疗过程中收集临床数据。对大多数接受乳房切除术的患者进行了组织病理学评估。采用知识、态度和实践（KAP）方法，在狗狗出现乳腺病变的临床检查前后对其主人进行访谈。使用QGIS软件进行空间分析，以评估临床表现、生存率以及业主的人口统计学和社会经济信息。在这项研究中，66只雌性狗共发现了66个肿瘤。结果表明，平均年龄为10岁的未阉割的杂交雌性受影响最大，95% %的肿瘤被归类为恶性肿瘤。从主人发现到兽医咨询的平均延迟时间为210天。在社会经济因素方面，35% %的业主赚取最低工资，而只有9% %的业主赚取超过最低工资的六倍。在教育程度方面，52% %的参与者完成了中等教育，35% %的参与者拥有大学学位。研究结果表明，收入和教育水平显著影响治疗依从性。女性饲主占受访者的66% %，她们对癌症风险因素的了解程度更高，也更积极主动地寻求兽医护理。此外，距离兽医大学医院越远，肿瘤大小越大，恶性肿瘤发病率越高，检测时间越长，这突出了有针对性的教育举措的重要性，以促进雌性犬乳腺肿瘤的早期发现和治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating systematic review, meta-analysis, and secondary data for spatial and temporal risk analysis of avian influenza in poultry: A comparative evaluation of OLS, GWR, and MGWR models 整合系统评价、荟萃分析和次要数据用于家禽禽流感时空风险分析：OLS、GWR和MGWR模型的比较评价

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106693

Waratida Sangrat , Somchai Sajapitak , Visanu Boonyawiwat , Sukanya Thongratsakul , Chaithep Poolkhet

Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease that causes significant mortality and economic losses in the poultry industry. This study integrates meta-analysis with spatial analysis, specifically Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), and Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR), to identify high-risk areas for AI in Thailand. The independent variables were selected through a systematic meta-analysis, with data sourced from secondary empirical datasets. The dependent variable was based on previous HPAI outbreak data in Thailand. The findings indicate that the central and lower northern regions of Thailand are high-risk areas, strongly linked to rice paddy fields and elevated poultry density. Model comparisons demonstrate that MGWR, utilizing the neighbor-based approach, outperforms both OLS and GWR, achieving higher predictive accuracy (adjusted R² = 0.96, AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI = 0.87–0.91). MGWR’s ability to assign variable-specific spatial scales enhances its capacity to capture spatial heterogeneity. The integration of these methodologies enhances predictive modeling accuracy, allowing authorities to design more efficient surveillance systems and implement focused prevention strategies to reduce the public health risks of avian influenza.

禽流感是一种高度传染性疾病，在家禽业造成重大死亡和经济损失。本研究将元分析与空间分析相结合，特别是普通最小二乘法（OLS）、地理加权回归（GWR）和多尺度地理加权回归（MGWR），以确定泰国人工智能的高风险地区。通过系统的荟萃分析选择自变量，数据来自二手经验数据集。因变量基于泰国以前的高致病性禽流感暴发数据。研究结果表明，泰国中部和北部较低地区是高风险地区，与稻田和家禽密度升高密切相关。模型比较表明，使用基于邻居的方法的MGWR优于OLS和GWR，实现了更高的预测精度（调整后的R²= 0.96,AUC = 0.89, 95 % CI = 0.87-0.91）。MGWR分配特定变量空间尺度的能力增强了其捕捉空间异质性的能力。这些方法的整合提高了预测模型的准确性，使当局能够设计更有效的监测系统并实施重点预防战略，以减少禽流感的公共卫生风险。

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引用次数: 0

A scoping review and taxonomy of epidemiological-macroeconomic models for livestock diseases 家畜疾病流行病学-宏观经济模型的范围审查和分类

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106694

Nathan J. Doyle , Gabrielle Bonnet , Matt J. Keeling , Michael J. Tildesley , W. John Edmunds

Background and objectives

Livestock disease outbreaks can generate significant macroeconomic harms, though few studies have combined epidemiological and macroeconomic analysis in a joint modelling framework. We reviewed existing approaches to epidemiological-macroeconomic modelling for livestock diseases, to identify challenges and opportunities for further model development.

Methods

We systematically searched electronic databases for journal articles, preprints, working papers and grey literature. We assessed model methodologies, scope, and application to empirical data. We analysed results descriptively and provided a critical appraisal of the strength, limitations and use cases of existing methods.

Results

We found 17 articles modelling the animal health and macroeconomic outcomes of livestock disease outbreaks. Models used outputs from epidemiological model simulations linked to a macroeconomic model, with no feedback from the economy to epidemiology. Macroeconomic modelling approaches consisted of the use of computable general equilibrium models, input output models and social accounting models. The literature was heavily dominated by considerations for hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease incursions in high-income settings.

Conclusion

Priority for future research includes efforts to model a wider array of livestock diseases in endemic and low-income settings, further consideration for socioeconomic impacts and the need for improved data.

背景和目的虽然很少有研究将流行病学和宏观经济分析结合在一个联合建模框架中，但家畜疾病暴发可以产生重大的宏观经济危害。我们回顾了家畜疾病流行病学宏观经济建模的现有方法，以确定进一步开发模型的挑战和机遇。方法系统检索电子数据库中的期刊论文、预印本、工作论文和灰色文献。我们评估了模型的方法、范围和对经验数据的应用。我们对结果进行了描述性分析，并对现有方法的强度、局限性和用例进行了批判性评估。结果我们发现了17篇模拟牲畜疾病暴发的动物健康和宏观经济结果的文章。模型使用与宏观经济模型相关联的流行病学模型模拟的输出，没有从经济到流行病学的反馈。宏观经济建模方法包括使用可计算的一般均衡模型、投入产出模型和社会会计模型。文献主要是考虑高收入环境中口蹄疫入侵的假设。结论未来研究的重点包括努力在流行和低收入环境中建立更广泛的牲畜疾病模型，进一步考虑社会经济影响以及改进数据的需要。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling PRRS transmission between pig herds in Denmark and prediction of interventions impact 模拟丹麦猪群之间的PRRS传播和预测干预影响

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106692

You Chang , Ana Rita Pinheiro Marques , Mette Fertner , Nils Toft , Bjørn Lorenzen , Mossa Merhi Reimert , Hans Houe , Beate Conrady

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic viral disease in most pig-producing countries, including Denmark. In 2022, Denmark launched a control program to reduce PRRS prevalence, with legislative changes in 2023 making testing and status reporting mandatory. The program also enforces the loss of PRRS-free status for farms that purchase pigs from non-PRRS-free sources and implements region-specific control measures to coordinate PRRS elimination within herds. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains uncertain and requires thorough evaluation through transmission modelling and analysis of data before and after legislation changes.

To understand PRRS transmission prior to legislative changes in 2023 and predict the impact of control measures, we developed a between-herd stochastic compartmental model. This model includes compartments for susceptible (S), highly infectious

{(I}_{h}

), lowly infectious

{(I}_{l}

) and detected (D) pig herds, using data from 2020 to 2021. The model (i) quantifies the relative contributions of pig movements and local transmission to the spread of PRRS; (ii) generate herd-level maps of the basic reproduction (

R_{0}

); and (iii) assess the effectiveness of targeted interventions for eradicating PRRS in Denmark.

Model results indicated that more than 50 % of herds had an

R_{0}

greater than 1, suggesting a potential for sustained transmission if no interventions had been implemented after 2022. Both local spread and movement-mediated transmission play important roles, but local transmission drives the spatial heterogeneity in observed PRRS prevalence across Denmark. Although only 17 % of infectious herds remain undetected under current surveillance, they are responsible for 60 % of total transmission. Local control via depopulation and repopulation, is the fastest measure to reduce the observed prevalence of PRRS, but it has a lower effect on true transmission due to the hidden infections. Therefore, achieving eradication may require a combination of more frequent testing, targeted within-herd PRRS elimination and stricter risk-based trading. This study identifies PRRS hotspots and transmission routes, offering evidence-based recommendations for control.

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）是包括丹麦在内的大多数生猪生产国的一种地方性病毒性疾病。2022年，丹麦启动了一项控制计划，以减少PRRS的流行，2023年的立法变化使检测和状态报告成为强制性的。该计划还强制从非非PRRS来源购买猪的农场失去无PRRS状态，并实施针对特定区域的控制措施，以协调在畜群内消除PRRS。然而，这些干预措施的有效性仍然不确定，需要在立法变化前后通过传输建模和数据分析进行彻底评估。为了了解2023年立法变化之前PRRS的传播情况，并预测控制措施的影响，我们建立了一个种群间随机区室模型。该模型使用2020年至2021年的数据，包括易感猪群(S)、高传染性猪群（Ih）、低传染性猪群（Il）和检测猪群(D)的区室。该模型(i)量化了生猪运动和当地传播对PRRS传播的相对贡献；（ii）生成基本繁殖的群体水平图（R0）；（iii）评估在丹麦根除PRRS的针对性干预措施的有效性。模型结果表明，超过50%的畜群的R0大于1，这表明如果2022年后不实施干预措施，可能会持续传播。当地传播和运动介导的传播都起着重要作用，但当地传播推动了丹麦各地观察到的PRRS患病率的空间异质性。虽然在目前的监测下，只有17%的传染性畜群未被发现，但它们占总传播的60%。通过减少种群和重新种群进行局部控制是降低观察到的PRRS流行率的最快措施，但由于存在隐性感染，对真实传播的影响较低。因此，实现根除可能需要更频繁的检测、有针对性的猪群内PRRS消除和更严格的基于风险的交易相结合。本研究确定了PRRS热点和传播途径，为控制提供了循证建议。

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引用次数: 0

Improving understanding of household level biosecurity challenges for smallholder pig producers in Vietnam: A pilot for data collection and capacity building opportunities 提高对越南小户养猪生产者面临的家庭层面生物安全挑战的理解：数据收集和能力建设机会的试点。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106691

Jennifer Manyweathers , Ninh Thi Huyen , Ngo Thi Kim Cuc , Gang Xie , Nguyen Cong Dinh , Tran Trung Thong , Le Thu Ha , Nguyen Pham Trung Nguyen , Ngo Thi Le Quyen , Lynne Hayes , Marta Hernandez-Jover , Yin Li , Jennifer Kelly , Jen Bond

Understanding smallholder pig producers’ biosecurity practices in Vietnam has been identified as a priority to better support the pork industry’s management of African swine fever. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in three provinces, Bac Giang, Ha Nam, and Hoa Binh, in 2022/23, with the aim of piloting data collection approaches and gaining a better understanding of the lived experience of smallholders affected by African swine fever. A total of 160 smallholders, with less than 100 pigs, responded to the questionnaire. Bayesian Network modelling was used to analyse the data, using a vulnerability framework (likelihood of exposure and response capacity) to segment the respondent population based on the potential susceptibility to an African swine fever outbreak. Results suggest that the diversity within the population, across provinces, number of pigs kept, and percentage of income from pigs should drive the development of tailored interventions. Recommendations developed from the analysis include focussing on support to reduce swill feeding in smaller herds (under 20 pigs), restricting animal access to production areas in medium sized farms (21–49 pigs)and examining barriers to quarantine of both new and sick animals in larger farms (50–100 pigs). The findings from this pilot could be useful in the development of a vulnerability and resilience assessment tool to identify gaps and innovation opportunities to support smallholder pig producer biosecurity capabilities both in Vietnam and other countries affected by or preparing for African swine fever.

了解越南小型养猪生产者的生物安全做法已被确定为优先事项，以更好地支持猪肉行业对非洲猪瘟的管理。2022/23年，在北江、哈南和和平三个省开展了一项横断面调查，目的是试验数据收集方法，并更好地了解受非洲猪瘟影响的小农的生活经历。共有160个小农户，他们的生猪少于100头，回答了调查问卷。使用贝叶斯网络建模来分析数据，使用脆弱性框架（暴露的可能性和反应能力）根据对非洲猪瘟暴发的潜在易感性对应答人群进行细分。结果表明，猪群内部的多样性、各省之间的差异、猪的存栏数和猪的收入百分比应该推动量身定制的干预措施的发展。从分析中提出的建议包括重点支持减少小群猪（20头以下）的泔水喂养，限制中型猪场（21-49头）的动物进入生产区，以及检查大型猪场（50-100头）的新病猪检疫障碍。该试点的研究结果可能有助于开发脆弱性和复原力评估工具，以确定差距和创新机会，从而支持越南和其他受非洲猪瘟影响或准备应对非洲猪瘟的国家的小农生猪生产者的生物安全能力。

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引用次数: 0

Global antibiotic resistance trends in Enterococcus faecalis from animals, food, and environmental sources: A meta-analysis 来自动物、食物和环境来源的粪肠球菌全球抗生素耐药性趋势：一项荟萃分析。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106689

Yongwu Yang , Reihaneh Yeganeh , Mahya Abedi Moghadam , Zahra Teymouri , Faezeh Motallebi Tabaei , Samaneh Moradi , Masoumeh Beig

This systematic review investigates the prevalence of antibacterial resistance in Enterococcus faecalis outside clinical settings, focusing on animals, food, and the environment. Using a "One Health" approach connecting human, animal, and environmental health, we analyze resistance patterns across diverse geographical regions and timeframes, emphasizing the impact of geographical factors. We thoroughly searched various databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Checklist. A random-effects model estimated resistance proportions, while meta-regression, subgroup analyses, and identification of outliers and influential studies provided additional insights. We employed R software (version 4.2.1) and the metaphor package (version 3.8.1) for comprehensive data management and analysis. Our analysis of 75 studies revealed significant variability in antibiotic resistance across countries, continents, and World Health Organization (WHO) regions in non-clinical E. faecalis. Resistance rates differed based on antibacterial agents, geographic regions, periods, and isolation sources. Resistance was highest to tetracycline, rifampicin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, doxycycline, and erythromycin (≈48–62 %). Moderate resistance was observed for streptomycin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and linezolid (≈10–26 %). In contrast, low resistance rates (<10 %) were found for vancomycin, teicoplanin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Considerable heterogeneity was noted across most antibiotics. This review emphasizes the influence of geographic variations and isolated sources on E. faecalis resistance patterns. We underscore the urgent need for a collaborative One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health sectors, to tackle antibacterial resistance in E. faecalis effectively.

本系统综述调查了粪肠球菌在临床之外的抗菌耐药流行情况，重点是动物、食物和环境。通过将人类、动物和环境健康联系起来的“同一个健康”方法，我们分析了不同地理区域和时间框架的耐药性模式，强调了地理因素的影响。我们彻底搜索了各种数据库，包括Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science和EMBASE。我们使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表检查表评估研究质量。随机效应模型估计了抵抗比例，而元回归、亚组分析、异常值识别和有影响力的研究提供了额外的见解。我们使用R软件（版本4.2.1）和隐喻包（版本3.8.1）进行全面的数据管理和分析。我们对75项研究的分析显示，不同国家、大洲和世界卫生组织（WHO）区域的非临床粪肠球菌的抗生素耐药性存在显著差异。耐药率因抗菌剂、地理区域、时期和隔离源而异。对四环素、利福平、奎奴普司汀-达福普司汀、强力霉素和红霉素的耐药率最高（≈48 ~ 62 %）。链霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、氯霉素和利奈唑胺中等耐药（≈10-26 %）。相反，低耐药率(

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引用次数: 0

Risk analysis of infectious disease in pigs in Gifu prefecture, Japan, through network analysis 基于网络分析的日本岐阜县猪传染病风险分析。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Preventive veterinary medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2025.106687

Naotoshi Kuninaga , Emi Yoshita , Miki Koyasu , Hibiki Morimoto , Noboru Hayashi , Takahiro Hiono , Satoshi Ito , Yoshihiro Sakoda , Norikazu Isoda

Movements of livestock, humans, vehicles and wildlife are recognized as critical contributors to the spread of infectious diseases in livestock and can be modeled as a network to assess and predict disease transmission. This study developed a comprehensive multilayer network incorporating the movements of pigs, humans, vehicles, and, presumably, wild boars to estimate the risks of disease introduction and transmission for each husbandry stakeholder and to identify key clusters and modes of movement involved. A questionnaire-based study was conducted across 22 pig farms in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, collecting data on pig, human, and vehicle movements to establish networks. The wild boar movement network was estimated using data on pig farm locations and wild boar habitats collected from vegetation cover data. Movement-associated effects in each network based on movement frequency were assigned to combinations of the four networks, resulting in a four-layered network. The network exhibited small-world characteristics and was clustered into four groups. Disease containment schemes in livestock are commonly established along administrative boundaries, however these four epidemiological clusters, comprising 31, 28, 24, and 22 nodes, did not align exactly with administrative districts, suggesting the significance of managing livestock infectious diseases beyond governmental borders. In the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis, pig, vehicle, and wild boar movement made comparable positive contributions to PageRank-based node importance within the multilayer network. This study highlights the significance of epidemiological links among husbandry and nonhusbandry stakeholders, emphasizing the need to develop effective risk management tools considering the probable disease transmission pathways.

牲畜、人类、车辆和野生动物的流动被认为是牲畜中传染病传播的关键因素，可以建模为一个网络，以评估和预测疾病传播。本研究开发了一个综合的多层网络，包括猪、人、车辆和野猪的运动，以估计每个畜牧业利益相关者的疾病引入和传播风险，并确定所涉及的关键集群和运动模式。在日本岐阜县的22个养猪场进行了一项基于问卷的研究，收集了猪、人和车辆运动的数据，以建立网络。利用从植被覆盖数据中收集的猪场位置和野猪栖息地数据估计野猪移动网络。每个网络中基于运动频率的运动相关效果被分配到四个网络的组合中，从而形成一个四层网络。该网络表现出小世界特征，并被分为四组。牲畜疾病控制计划通常沿着行政边界建立，但这四个流行病学聚集群（包括31、28、24和22个节点）并不完全与行政区域一致，这表明在政府边界之外管理牲畜传染病的重要性。在偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）分析中，猪、车辆和野猪的运动对多层网络中基于pagerank的节点重要性做出了相当积极的贡献。本研究强调了畜牧业和非畜牧业利益相关者之间流行病学联系的重要性，强调需要考虑到可能的疾病传播途径，开发有效的风险管理工具。

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引用次数: 0