Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106227
María V. Macchi , Alejandra Suanes , Ximena Salaberry , Bruno E. Dearmas , Emiliano Rivas , José Piaggio , Andrés D. Gil
Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira spp., is a globally significant zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals. In cattle, leptospirosis is associated not only with overt clinical manifestations but also with reproductive diseases, including infertility. This study assesses the potential correlation between leptospirosis and infertility in Uruguayan beef cattle. A case-control study involved 31 beef herds with no prior history of Leptospira vaccination. In each herd, veterinarians identified 10 non-pregnant (cases) and 25 pregnant cows (controls) using ultrasound, and blood and urine samples were collected from each cow. Serological diagnosis was performed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess Leptospira excretion. Additionally, antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) were tested. The results demonstrated an association between seropositivity to the Sejroe serogroup (cut-off 1:200) and infertility in cattle (OR=1.31; p-value=0.06). Furthermore, the level of Leptospira excretion (qPCR) in urine was associated with increased infertility risk, with cows excreting over 100 copies per mL of urine having the highest odds of infertility (OR=2.34; p-value<0.01). This study suggests a potential association between leptospirosis and infertility in Uruguayan beef cattle, emphasizing the importance of both serological and molecular diagnostics for assessing reproductive health in cattle herds. Future research should explore the impact of Leptospira serogroups on other reproductive disorders in cattle.
{"title":"Leptospirosis as a cause of infertility in Uruguayan beef cattle","authors":"María V. Macchi , Alejandra Suanes , Ximena Salaberry , Bruno E. Dearmas , Emiliano Rivas , José Piaggio , Andrés D. Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus <em>Leptospira spp.</em>, is a globally significant zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals. In cattle, leptospirosis is associated not only with overt clinical manifestations but also with reproductive diseases, including infertility. This study assesses the potential correlation between leptospirosis and infertility in Uruguayan beef cattle. A case-control study involved 31 beef herds with no prior history of <em>Leptospira</em> vaccination. In each herd, veterinarians identified 10 non-pregnant (cases) and 25 pregnant cows (controls) using ultrasound, and blood and urine samples were collected from each cow. Serological diagnosis was performed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess <em>Leptospira</em> excretion. Additionally, antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) were tested. The results demonstrated an association between seropositivity to the Sejroe serogroup (cut-off 1:200) and infertility in cattle (OR=1.31; p-value=0.06). Furthermore, the level of <em>Leptospira</em> excretion (qPCR) in urine was associated with increased infertility risk, with cows excreting over 100 copies per mL of urine having the highest odds of infertility (OR=2.34; p-value<0.01). This study suggests a potential association between leptospirosis and infertility in Uruguayan beef cattle, emphasizing the importance of both serological and molecular diagnostics for assessing reproductive health in cattle herds. Future research should explore the impact of <em>Leptospira</em> serogroups on other reproductive disorders in cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141052163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106230
R.M.A.C. Houben , J.R. Newton , C. van Maanen , A.S. Waller , M.M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan , J.A.P. Heesterbeek
Strangles, a disease caused by infection with Streptococccus equi subspecies equi (S. equi), is endemic worldwide and one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses. Recent work has improved our knowledge of key parameters of transmission dynamics, but important knowledge gaps remain. Our aim was to apply mathematical modelling of S. equi transmission dynamics to prioritise future research areas, and add precision to estimates of transmission parameters thereby improving understanding of S. equi epidemiology and quantifying the control effort required. A compartmental deterministic model was constructed. Parameter values were estimated from current literature wherever possible. We assessed the sensitivity of estimates for the basic reproduction number on the population scale to varying assumptions for the unknown or uncertain parameters of: (mean) duration of carriership (1∕γC), relative infectiousness of carriers (f), proportion of infections that result in carriership (p), and (mean) duration of immunity after natural infection (1∕γR). Available incidence and (sero-)prevalence data were compared to model outputs to improve point estimates and ranges for these currently unknown or uncertain transmission-related parameters. The required vaccination coverage of an ideal vaccine to prevent major outbreaks under a range of control scenarios was estimated, and compared available data on existing vaccines. The relative infectiousness of carriers (as compared to acutely ill horses) and the duration of carriership were identified as key knowledge gaps. Deterministic compartmental simulations, combined with seroprevalence data, suggest that and that the duration of protective immunity after infection is likely 4–6 years. The presence of carriers alone may suffice to keep S. equi endemic in a population, implying that carriers cannot be ignored in control efforts. Weekly screening of herds for signs of strangles could be sufficient to ensure R < 1, provided all horses are screened for carriership post-infection. In some of worst-case scenarios, vaccination alone would not suffice to prevent major outbreaks from occurring. A stochastic agent-based model was also constructed and validated, and used to simulate a remount depot, to evaluate whether historical incidence data of recurrence of strangles within individuals could be explained without the assumption that one in four horses fail to mount a lasting immune response. These simulations demonstrated that the observed data could have occurred without that assumption.
{"title":"Untangling the stranglehold through mathematical modelling of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi transmission","authors":"R.M.A.C. Houben , J.R. Newton , C. van Maanen , A.S. Waller , M.M. Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan , J.A.P. Heesterbeek","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strangles, a disease caused by infection with <em>Streptococccus equi</em> subspecies <em>equi</em> (<em>S. equi</em>), is endemic worldwide and one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses. Recent work has improved our knowledge of key parameters of transmission dynamics, but important knowledge gaps remain. Our aim was to apply mathematical modelling of <em>S. equi</em> transmission dynamics to prioritise future research areas, and add precision to estimates of transmission parameters thereby improving understanding of <em>S. equi</em> epidemiology and quantifying the control effort required. A compartmental deterministic model was constructed. Parameter values were estimated from current literature wherever possible. We assessed the sensitivity of estimates for the basic reproduction number on the population scale to varying assumptions for the unknown or uncertain parameters of: (mean) duration of carriership (1∕<em>γ</em><sub><em>C</em></sub>), relative infectiousness of carriers (<em>f</em>), proportion of infections that result in carriership (<em>p</em>), and (mean) duration of immunity after natural infection (1∕<em>γ</em><sub><em>R</em></sub>). Available incidence and (sero-)prevalence data were compared to model outputs to improve point estimates and ranges for these currently unknown or uncertain transmission-related parameters. The required vaccination coverage of an ideal vaccine to prevent major outbreaks under a range of control scenarios was estimated, and compared available data on existing vaccines. The relative infectiousness of carriers (as compared to acutely ill horses) and the duration of carriership were identified as key knowledge gaps. Deterministic compartmental simulations, combined with seroprevalence data, suggest that <span><math><mrow><mn>0.05</mn><mo><</mo><mover><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mrow></mover><mo><</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span> and that the duration of protective immunity after infection is likely 4–6 years. The presence of carriers alone may suffice to keep <em>S. equi</em> endemic in a population, implying that carriers cannot be ignored in control efforts. Weekly screening of herds for signs of strangles could be sufficient to ensure <em>R</em> < 1, provided all horses are screened for carriership post-infection. In some of worst-case scenarios, vaccination alone would not suffice to prevent major outbreaks from occurring. A stochastic agent-based model was also constructed and validated, and used to simulate a remount depot, to evaluate whether historical incidence data of recurrence of strangles within individuals could be explained without the assumption that one in four horses fail to mount a lasting immune response. These simulations demonstrated that the observed data could have occurred without that assumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001168/pdfft?md5=f38d7ca96a3ed05864ff3fcf7061a815&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106223
Isha Agrawal , Csaba Varga
Veterinarians play an essential role in safeguarding and promoting animal and human health by timely reporting of notifiable diseases to animal and public health agencies and by educating animal owners on effective disease prevention measures. Moreover, clinical veterinarians can prevent the transmission and spread of zoonotic diseases by adopting effective biosecurity practices in their clinics.
An online questionnaire was administered between October and November 2021 to veterinarians registered with the Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association. Veterinarians were surveyed on their disease risk perception, biosecurity practices, and disease reporting knowledge. In total, 104 veterinarians (64 % females and 46 % males) completed the questionnaire, of whom 88 % were veterinarians working in clinical practice (88 % companion animals and 12 % bovine or swine), while 12 % were employed in non-clinical settings. The disease-reporting knowledge score was higher for veterinarians with biosecurity training (IRR: 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.47–1.75). Compared to large animal veterinarians, companion animal veterinarians had lower odds of having biosecurity training (OR=0.68; 95 % CI=0.02–0.28) and were less familiar with current biosecurity guidelines (OR=0.12; 95 % CI = 0.03–0.51). Veterinarians familiar with biosecurity guidelines had a higher probability (OR=4.4; 95 % CI: 1.21–16.28) of perceiving biosecurity practices as practical while working with animals. Conversely, veterinarians who perceived that they could transmit diseases to animals had lower odds (OR: 0.42; 95 % CI: 0.20–0.91) of wearing protective clothing while dealing with confirmed cases of zoonotic diseases.
Based on our study results, a gap in disease-reporting knowledge was identified among companion animal veterinarians. Biosecurity training improved the disease-reporting knowledge of veterinarians, suggesting that providing continuing education for veterinarians would be beneficial to disease reporting. A disconnect between disease risk perception and biosecurity practices was identified and further studies are needed to understand this discrepancy to design effective education programs.
{"title":"Assessing and comparing disease prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices among veterinarians in Illinois, United States of America","authors":"Isha Agrawal , Csaba Varga","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Veterinarians play an essential role in safeguarding and promoting animal and human health by timely reporting of notifiable diseases to animal and public health agencies and by educating animal owners on effective disease prevention measures. Moreover, clinical veterinarians can prevent the transmission and spread of zoonotic diseases by adopting effective biosecurity practices in their clinics.</p><p>An online questionnaire was administered between October and November 2021 to veterinarians registered with the Illinois State Veterinary Medical Association. Veterinarians were surveyed on their disease risk perception, biosecurity practices, and disease reporting knowledge. In total, 104 veterinarians (64 % females and 46 % males) completed the questionnaire, of whom 88 % were veterinarians working in clinical practice (88 % companion animals and 12 % bovine or swine), while 12 % were employed in non-clinical settings. The disease-reporting knowledge score was higher for veterinarians with biosecurity training (IRR: 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.47–1.75). Compared to large animal veterinarians, companion animal veterinarians had lower odds of having biosecurity training (OR=0.68; 95 % CI=0.02–0.28) and were less familiar with current biosecurity guidelines (OR=0.12; 95 % CI = 0.03–0.51). Veterinarians familiar with biosecurity guidelines had a higher probability (OR=4.4; 95 % CI: 1.21–16.28) of perceiving biosecurity practices as practical while working with animals. Conversely, veterinarians who perceived that they could transmit diseases to animals had lower odds (OR: 0.42; 95 % CI: 0.20–0.91) of wearing protective clothing while dealing with confirmed cases of zoonotic diseases.</p><p>Based on our study results, a gap in disease-reporting knowledge was identified among companion animal veterinarians. Biosecurity training improved the disease-reporting knowledge of veterinarians, suggesting that providing continuing education for veterinarians would be beneficial to disease reporting. A disconnect between disease risk perception and biosecurity practices was identified and further studies are needed to understand this discrepancy to design effective education programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001090/pdfft?md5=5a763d595e188693cf082bfa3406f50a&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001090-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106226
Y. Yakubu , A.I. Daneji , A.A. Mohammed , A. Jibril , A. Umaru , R.M. Aliyu , B. Garba , N. Lawal , A.H. Jibril , A.B. Shuaibu
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and animals is a growing health threat worldwide. Significant quantities of antibiotics are used in the livestock production sector, particularly in poultry farming to enhance growth and productivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three states of northwestern Nigeria to understand the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of commercial poultry farmers on antimicrobial resistance. A total of 247 poultry farmers enrolled in the study comprising 100 (40.5 %) from Sokoto, 68 from Kebbi (27.5 %) and 79 (32.0 %) from Zamfara States. A significant number of the farmers have good knowledge of antimicrobial use (94.74 %), and the potential emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria due to irrational administration of antibiotics (83.0 %). Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in farmers’ knowledge of AMR based on their educational qualification (p < 0.001) as farmers with bachelor’s degree (BSc) being more knowledgeable than those with Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and those who only completed primary or secondary education. A statistically significant difference was also observed in the attitude of the participants based on State (p < 0.001) and educational qualification (p = 0.013). The study provided valuable insight into the understanding of antimicrobial resistance amongst commercial poultry farmers in the region. The findings necessitate the need for educational interventions and initiatives through enlightenment campaigns and deployment of extension workers to reach farmers with low level of education to further improve their attitudes and practice towards responsible use of antibiotics.
{"title":"Understanding the awareness of antimicrobial resistance amongst commercial poultry farmers in northwestern Nigeria","authors":"Y. Yakubu , A.I. Daneji , A.A. Mohammed , A. Jibril , A. Umaru , R.M. Aliyu , B. Garba , N. Lawal , A.H. Jibril , A.B. Shuaibu","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both humans and animals is a growing health threat worldwide. Significant quantities of antibiotics are used in the livestock production sector, particularly in poultry farming to enhance growth and productivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three states of northwestern Nigeria to understand the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of commercial poultry farmers on antimicrobial resistance. A total of 247 poultry farmers enrolled in the study comprising 100 (40.5 %) from Sokoto, 68 from Kebbi (27.5 %) and 79 (32.0 %) from Zamfara States. A significant number of the farmers have good knowledge of antimicrobial use (94.74 %), and the potential emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria due to irrational administration of antibiotics (83.0 %). Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in farmers’ knowledge of AMR based on their educational qualification (p < 0.001) as farmers with bachelor’s degree (BSc) being more knowledgeable than those with Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and those who only completed primary or secondary education. A statistically significant difference was also observed in the attitude of the participants based on State (p < 0.001) and educational qualification (p = 0.013). The study provided valuable insight into the understanding of antimicrobial resistance amongst commercial poultry farmers in the region. The findings necessitate the need for educational interventions and initiatives through enlightenment campaigns and deployment of extension workers to reach farmers with low level of education to further improve their attitudes and practice towards responsible use of antibiotics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Malaysia. Understanding risk perceptions on antimicrobial use (AMU) in food-producing animals from the general public perspective is an essential component in addressing AMR. However, little is known about public risk perceptions of AMU and AMR in food-producing animals in Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of awareness, risk perceptions, and behaviour regarding antibiotic use in food-producing animals and antimicrobial resistance and to examine the factors associated with risk perceptions and the relationship between knowledge, awareness, risk perceptions and behaviour among the general public in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyse data and present results. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with risk perceptions and the relationship between risk perceptions and behaviour. A total of 416 individuals participated in the study. The majority of the participants (69.2 %) had low knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic use in food-producing animals. The levels of awareness of antibiotic use and the perceived route of antibiotic resistance transfer were moderate. Participants had a high level of general risk perception (GRP) of antibiotic use, a moderate level of personal-level risk perception (PRP) of antibiotic resistance transmission, and a high level of societal-level risk perception (SRP) of antibiotic resistance transmission. Awareness of antibiotic use was a significant predictor of GRP (β = 0.27, 95 %CI: 0.12–0.31, P < 0.001). Awareness of route of resistance transfer was a significant predictor of PRP (β = 0.54, 95 %CI: 0.32–0.44, P < 0.001) and SRP (β = 0.47, 95 %CI: 0.32–0.46, P < 0.001). PRP is the only significant predictor of behavioural changes towards antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance (OR = 1.45 [1.02–2.07], P = 0.041). Overall, there is a general lack of knowledge and little awareness of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals in Malaysia. Risk perceptions were moderate to high and were significantly predicted by awareness of antibiotic use and route of resistance transfer. Personal-level risk perception was a significant predictor of behavioural changes aimed at reducing the risk of AMU and AMR. It is imperative to raise public awareness and understanding of the risks associated with AMU in food-producing animals. Risk communication should be emphasised to ensure the translation of public risk perceptions into behavioural changes.
{"title":"Public awareness, risk perceptions and behaviour towards antibiotic use in food-producing animals and antimicrobial resistance in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Omotayo Fatokun , Bheki Thapelo Magunga , Nelson Oranye , Malarvili Selvaraja","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Malaysia. Understanding risk perceptions on antimicrobial use (AMU) in food-producing animals from the general public perspective is an essential component in addressing AMR. However, little is known about public risk perceptions of AMU and AMR in food-producing animals in Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of awareness, risk perceptions, and behaviour regarding antibiotic use in food-producing animals and antimicrobial resistance and to examine the factors associated with risk perceptions and the relationship between knowledge, awareness, risk perceptions and behaviour among the general public in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyse data and present results. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with risk perceptions and the relationship between risk perceptions and behaviour. A total of 416 individuals participated in the study. The majority of the participants (69.2 %) had low knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic use in food-producing animals. The levels of awareness of antibiotic use and the perceived route of antibiotic resistance transfer were moderate. Participants had a high level of general risk perception (GRP) of antibiotic use, a moderate level of personal-level risk perception (PRP) of antibiotic resistance transmission, and a high level of societal-level risk perception (SRP) of antibiotic resistance transmission. Awareness of antibiotic use was a significant predictor of GRP (β = 0.27, 95 %CI: 0.12–0.31, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Awareness of route of resistance transfer was a significant predictor of PRP (β = 0.54, 95 %CI: 0.32–0.44, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and SRP (β = 0.47, 95 %CI: 0.32–0.46, <em>P</em> < 0.001). PRP is the only significant predictor of behavioural changes towards antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance (OR = 1.45 [1.02–2.07], <em>P</em> = 0.041). Overall, there is a general lack of knowledge and little awareness of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in food-producing animals in Malaysia. Risk perceptions were moderate to high and were significantly predicted by awareness of antibiotic use and route of resistance transfer. Personal-level risk perception was a significant predictor of behavioural changes aimed at reducing the risk of AMU and AMR. It is imperative to raise public awareness and understanding of the risks associated with AMU in food-producing animals. Risk communication should be emphasised to ensure the translation of public risk perceptions into behavioural changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001107/pdfft?md5=9c35ea5475a3f5d0b57c85b2ca2d9e00&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001107-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106213
Tonje Opsal , Matthew J Denwood , Lisbeth Hektoen , Lucy J Robertson , Ingrid Toftaker
The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is a trematode parasite found worldwide, typically with a focal distribution due to its requirement for suitable climatic and environmental conditions to complete its lifecycle. Bovine fasciolosis causes suboptimal production and economic losses, including liver condemnation at slaughter. The lack of reliable diagnostic methods is a disadvantage to the increasing demand for surveillance and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bulk tank milk (BTM) antibody testing and aggregated abattoir registrations (AAR) of liver fluke as herd-level tests for F. hepatica infection using Bayesian latent class models. Data from the abattoirs in 2019–2021 and BTM, sampled in the winter of 2020/2021, were collected from 437 herds on the southwest coast of Norway. The BTM samples were analysed with the SVANOVIR® F. hepatica-Ab ELISA test, with results given as an optical density ratio (ODR), and later dichotomized using the recommended cut-off value from the test manufacturer (ODR ≥0.3). Based on the BTM ELISA test, 47.8% of the herds tested positive. The AAR test was defined as the herd-level proportion of female slaughtered animals registered with liver fluke infection during the study period. For this test, three cut-offs were used (a proportion of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2). The herds were split into two subpopulations (“Coastal” and “Inland”), which were expected to differ in true prevalence of F. hepatica infection based on climate-related and geographical factors. The diagnostic accuracies of both tests were estimated using Bayesian latent class models with minimally informative priors. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the maximum sum of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the tests was achieved with a herd-level proportion of ≥0.1 registered with liver fluke as the AAR test. Using this cut-off, the median estimate for the diagnostic accuracy of the BTM ELISA was 90.4% (84.0–96.2 95% Posterior Credible Interval (PCI)) for Se and 95.3% (90.6–100% PCI) for Sp, while the median estimate of Se for AAR was 87.5% (81.4–93.1% PCI) and the median estimate of Sp for AAR was 91.0% (85.2–96.5% PCI). The cut-off evaluation of the SVANOVIR® F. hepatica-Ab ELISA test for BTM confirmed the manufacturer's recommended cut-off of ODR ≥0.3 to denote positive and negative herds. This study suggests that AAR and BTM ELISA test can be used as herd-level tools to monitor liver fluke infection, so that appropriate interventions against infection can be implemented as necessary.
{"title":"Estimation of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of abattoir registrations and bulk tank milk ELISA as herd-level tests for Fasciola hepatica using Bayesian latent class modelling","authors":"Tonje Opsal , Matthew J Denwood , Lisbeth Hektoen , Lucy J Robertson , Ingrid Toftaker","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The common liver fluke, <em>Fasciola hepatica,</em> is a trematode parasite found worldwide, typically with a focal distribution due to its requirement for suitable climatic and environmental conditions to complete its lifecycle. Bovine fasciolosis causes suboptimal production and economic losses, including liver condemnation at slaughter. The lack of reliable diagnostic methods is a disadvantage to the increasing demand for surveillance and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of bulk tank milk (BTM) antibody testing and aggregated abattoir registrations (AAR) of liver fluke as herd-level tests for <em>F. hepatica</em> infection using Bayesian latent class models. Data from the abattoirs in 2019–2021 and BTM, sampled in the winter of 2020/2021, were collected from 437 herds on the southwest coast of Norway. The BTM samples were analysed with the SVANOVIR® <em>F. hepatica</em>-Ab ELISA test, with results given as an optical density ratio (ODR), and later dichotomized using the recommended cut-off value from the test manufacturer (ODR ≥0.3). Based on the BTM ELISA test, 47.8% of the herds tested positive. The AAR test was defined as the herd-level proportion of female slaughtered animals registered with liver fluke infection during the study period. For this test, three cut-offs were used (a proportion of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2). The herds were split into two subpopulations (“Coastal” and “Inland”), which were expected to differ in true prevalence of <em>F. hepatica</em> infection based on climate-related and geographical factors. The diagnostic accuracies of both tests were estimated using Bayesian latent class models with minimally informative priors. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the maximum sum of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the tests was achieved with a herd-level proportion of ≥0.1 registered with liver fluke as the AAR test. Using this cut-off, the median estimate for the diagnostic accuracy of the BTM ELISA was 90.4% (84.0–96.2 95% Posterior Credible Interval (PCI)) for Se and 95.3% (90.6–100% PCI) for Sp, while the median estimate of Se for AAR was 87.5% (81.4–93.1% PCI) and the median estimate of Sp for AAR was 91.0% (85.2–96.5% PCI). The cut-off evaluation of the SVANOVIR® <em>F. hepatica</em>-Ab ELISA test for BTM confirmed the manufacturer's recommended cut-off of ODR ≥0.3 to denote positive and negative herds. This study suggests that AAR and BTM ELISA test can be used as herd-level tools to monitor liver fluke infection, so that appropriate interventions against infection can be implemented as necessary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724000990/pdfft?md5=2225f5023f0926f7b55663cedbbe91a8&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724000990-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106214
Claire Julie Akwongo , Charles Byaruhanga
Tick-borne pathogens of the genus Anaplasma cause anaplasmosis in livestock and humans, impacting health and livelihoods, particularly in Africa. A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of Anaplasma species is important to guide further research and for implementation of control approaches. We reviewed observational studies concerning Anaplasma species amongst cattle in Africa. Peer-reviewed studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science - from database inception to 2022 - were searched. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the pooled prevalences by diagnostic method were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity across the studies was tested and quantified using the Cochran’s Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated by subgroup analysis. A total of 1117 records were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 149 records (155 studies) were eligible for this meta-analysis. The occurrence of Anaplasma species was reported in 31/54 countries in all regions. Seven recognised species (A. marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. capra, A. bovis, A. ovis) and nine uncharacterised genotypes (Anaplasma sp. Hadesa; Anaplasma sp. Saso; Anaplasma sp. Dedessa; Anaplasma sp. Mymensingh; Anaplasma sp. Lambwe-1; Candidatus Anaplasma africae; Anaplasma sp.; Candidatus Anaplasma boleense) were reported in African cattle. Anaplasma marginale was the most frequently reported (n=144/155 studies) and the most prevalent species (serology methods 56.1%, 45.9–66.1; direct detection methods 19.9%, 15.4–24.7), followed by A. centrale (n=26 studies) with a prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 4.8–11.9) and A. platys (n=19 studies) with prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI: 5.4–15.2). Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale and A. platys were reported in all Africa’s regions, while A. ovis and A. capra were reported only in the northern and central regions. The uncharacterised Anaplasma taxa were mostly detected in the eastern and southern regions. Subgroup analysis showed that significant determinants for A. marginale exposure (serology) were geographical region (p=0.0219), and longitude (p=0.0336), while the technique employed influenced (p<0.0001) prevalence in direct detection approaches. Temperature was the only significant variable (p=0.0269) for A. centrale. These findings show that various Anaplasma species, including those that are zoonotic, circulate in African cat
{"title":"Epidemiology of Anaplasma species amongst cattle in Africa from 1970 to 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Claire Julie Akwongo , Charles Byaruhanga","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tick-borne pathogens of the genus <em>Anaplasma</em> cause anaplasmosis in livestock and humans, impacting health and livelihoods, particularly in Africa. A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of <em>Anaplasma</em> species is important to guide further research and for implementation of control approaches. We reviewed observational studies concerning <em>Anaplasma</em> species amongst cattle in Africa. Peer-reviewed studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science - from database inception to 2022 - were searched. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the pooled prevalences by diagnostic method were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity across the studies was tested and quantified using the Cochran’s Q statistic and the <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> statistic. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated by subgroup analysis. A total of 1117 records were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 149 records (155 studies) were eligible for this meta-analysis. The occurrence of <em>Anaplasma</em> species was reported in 31/54 countries in all regions. Seven recognised species (<em>A</em>. <em>marginale</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>centrale</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>phagocytophilum</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>platys</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>capra</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>bovis</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>ovis</em>) and nine uncharacterised genotypes (<em>Anaplasma</em> sp. Hadesa; <em>Anaplasma</em> sp. Saso; <em>Anaplasma</em> sp. Dedessa; <em>Anaplasma</em> sp. Mymensingh; <em>Anaplasma</em> sp. Lambwe-1; <em>Candidatus</em> Anaplasma africae; <em>Anaplasma</em> sp.; <em>Candidatus</em> Anaplasma boleense) were reported in African cattle. <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> was the most frequently reported (n=144/155 studies) and the most prevalent species (serology methods 56.1%, 45.9–66.1; direct detection methods 19.9%, 15.4–24.7), followed by <em>A</em>. <em>centrale</em> (n=26 studies) with a prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 4.8–11.9) and <em>A</em>. <em>platys</em> (n=19 studies) with prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI: 5.4–15.2). <em>Anaplasma marginale, A</em>. <em>centrale</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>platys</em> were reported in all Africa’s regions, while <em>A</em>. <em>ovis</em> and <em>A</em>. <em>capra</em> were reported only in the northern and central regions. The uncharacterised <em>Anaplasma</em> taxa were mostly detected in the eastern and southern regions. Subgroup analysis showed that significant determinants for <em>A</em>. <em>marginale</em> exposure (serology) were geographical region (<em>p</em>=0.0219), and longitude (<em>p</em>=0.0336), while the technique employed influenced (<em>p</em><0.0001) prevalence in direct detection approaches. Temperature was the only significant variable (<em>p</em>=0.0269) for <em>A</em>. <em>centrale</em>. These findings show that various <em>Anaplasma</em> species, including those that are zoonotic, circulate in African cat","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724001004/pdfft?md5=2b440065aeececad1ba86ccf828d9ebb&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724001004-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106212
Callum Shaw , Angus McLure , Kathryn Glass
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease that affects domestic and feral pigs. While not currently present in Australia, ASF outbreaks have been reported nearby in Indonesia, Timor-Leste, and Papua New Guinea. Feral pigs are found in all Australian states and territories and are distributed in a variety of habitats. To investigate the impacts of an ASF introduction event in Australia, we used a stochastic network-based metapopulation feral pig model to simulate ASF outbreaks in different regions of Australia. Outbreak intensity and persistence in feral pig populations was governed by local pig recruitment rates, population size, carcass decay period, and, if applicable, metapopulation topology. In Northern Australia, the carcass decay period was too short for prolonged persistence, while endemic transmission could possibly occur in cooler southern areas. Populations in Macquarie Marshes in New South Wales and in Namadgi National Park in the Australian Capital Territory had the highest rates of persistence. The regions had different modes of transmission that led to long-term persistence. Endemic Macquarie Marshes simulations were characterised by rapid transmission caused by high population density that required a fragmented metapopulation to act as a bottleneck to slow transmission. Endemic simulations in Namadgi, with low density and relatively slow transmission, relied on large, well-connected populations coupled with long carcass decay times. Despite the potential for endemic transmission, both settings required potentially unlikely population sizes and dynamics for prolonged disease survival.
{"title":"Modelling African swine fever introduction in diverse Australian feral pig populations","authors":"Callum Shaw , Angus McLure , Kathryn Glass","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease that affects domestic and feral pigs. While not currently present in Australia, ASF outbreaks have been reported nearby in Indonesia, Timor-Leste, and Papua New Guinea. Feral pigs are found in all Australian states and territories and are distributed in a variety of habitats. To investigate the impacts of an ASF introduction event in Australia, we used a stochastic network-based metapopulation feral pig model to simulate ASF outbreaks in different regions of Australia. Outbreak intensity and persistence in feral pig populations was governed by local pig recruitment rates, population size, carcass decay period, and, if applicable, metapopulation topology. In Northern Australia, the carcass decay period was too short for prolonged persistence, while endemic transmission could possibly occur in cooler southern areas. Populations in Macquarie Marshes in New South Wales and in Namadgi National Park in the Australian Capital Territory had the highest rates of persistence. The regions had different modes of transmission that led to long-term persistence. Endemic Macquarie Marshes simulations were characterised by rapid transmission caused by high population density that required a fragmented metapopulation to act as a bottleneck to slow transmission. Endemic simulations in Namadgi, with low density and relatively slow transmission, relied on large, well-connected populations coupled with long carcass decay times. Despite the potential for endemic transmission, both settings required potentially unlikely population sizes and dynamics for prolonged disease survival.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587724000989/pdfft?md5=8b432d667dc60f9392b5dac4a096503a&pid=1-s2.0-S0167587724000989-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106211
Bianca Moreira de Souza , Salene Angelini Colombo , Roberta do Carmo Teixeira , Isadora Martins Pinto Coelho , Werik dos Santos Barrado , Breno Oliveira Lima Ramos , Érica Lorenza Martins Araujo , Gustavo Canesso Bicalho , Maria Isabel de Azevedo , Kelly Moura Keller , Fabiana Dos Santos Monti , Lorena Diniz Macedo Silva Maia , Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães Soares , Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira
Sporotrichosis is a widespread fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissues in humans and animals. In cats, it is displayed as nodules, ulcers and lesions on the nasal and respiratory mucosa. Antifungal treatment of cats is crucial but many cases are difficult, thus resulting in discontinue of the treatment, with disastrous consequences for the animal, encouraging contamination of the environment, other animals and people. The effects of responsible ownership education and health education for owners of cats with feline sporotrichosis as well as the interval between veterinary consultations on treatment outcomes for three groups of owners and their pet cats were evaluated in this study. The responsible ownership education and health education strategies consisted in videos in easy and accessible language for people with any level of education and were presented during consultations for two of the three groups included. The time between appointments was two weeks for two of the groups, and four weeks for one of the groups. The median of treatment time for the group without educational activities was 138 days, while for the other two groups it was 77.5 days and 86 days. It was found a significative reduction in the treatment time in the groups exposed to Responsible ownership education videos. There was no contamination of those responsible for home treatment, and the interval between monthly appointments did not impact on cure or death rates compared to the interval between fortnightly appointments. All these results can be applied to feline sporotrichoses treatment protocols increasing the owners treatment adherence and reducing either, the treatment discontinuation and the treatment costs and helps to control zoonotic sporotrichosis. The importance of attractive and comprehensible educational strategies as part of the feline sporotrichosis treatment protocol for the promotion of one health was highlighted.
{"title":"Responsible ownership and health education can reduce the time of sporotrichosis treatment in domestic cats","authors":"Bianca Moreira de Souza , Salene Angelini Colombo , Roberta do Carmo Teixeira , Isadora Martins Pinto Coelho , Werik dos Santos Barrado , Breno Oliveira Lima Ramos , Érica Lorenza Martins Araujo , Gustavo Canesso Bicalho , Maria Isabel de Azevedo , Kelly Moura Keller , Fabiana Dos Santos Monti , Lorena Diniz Macedo Silva Maia , Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães Soares , Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sporotrichosis is a widespread fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissues in humans and animals. In cats, it is displayed as nodules, ulcers and lesions on the nasal and respiratory mucosa. Antifungal treatment of cats is crucial but many cases are difficult, thus resulting in discontinue of the treatment, with disastrous consequences for the animal, encouraging contamination of the environment, other animals and people. The effects of responsible ownership education and health education for owners of cats with feline sporotrichosis as well as the interval between veterinary consultations on treatment outcomes for three groups of owners and their pet cats were evaluated in this study. The responsible ownership education and health education strategies consisted in videos in easy and accessible language for people with any level of education and were presented during consultations for two of the three groups included. The time between appointments was two weeks for two of the groups, and four weeks for one of the groups. The median of treatment time for the group without educational activities was 138 days, while for the other two groups it was 77.5 days and 86 days. It was found a significative reduction in the treatment time in the groups exposed to Responsible ownership education videos. There was no contamination of those responsible for home treatment, and the interval between monthly appointments did not impact on cure or death rates compared to the interval between fortnightly appointments. All these results can be applied to feline sporotrichoses treatment protocols increasing the owners treatment adherence and reducing either, the treatment discontinuation and the treatment costs and helps to control zoonotic sporotrichosis. The importance of attractive and comprehensible educational strategies as part of the feline sporotrichosis treatment protocol for the promotion of one health was highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106205
Juliana Souza Alves , Rossiane de Moura Souza , Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira , Alice Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle and can be manifested in clinical and subclinical forms. The overuse of antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of mastitis favours antimicrobial resistance and milk can be a potential route of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the biological quality of bulk tank milk (BTM) and the microbiological quality and signs of mastitis of freshly milked raw milk. In addition, to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from freshly milked raw milk. None of the farms were within the official Brazilian biological quality limits for BTM. Freshly milked raw milk with signs of clinical (CMM), subclinical (SCMM) and no signs (MFM) of mastitis were detected in 6.67%, 27.62% and 65.71% samples, respectively. Most samples of freshly milked raw milk showed acceptable microbiological quality, when evaluating the indicators total coliforms (78.10%), Escherichia coli (88.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100%). Klebsiella oxytoca and S. aureus were the most prevalent microorganisms in SCMM and MFM samples. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in 65.12% and 13.95% of Enterobacteriaceae and 84.31% and 5.88% of Staphylococcus spp., respectively, isolated from both SCMM and MFM samples. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporin (3GCR) (6.98%) and carbapenems (CRE) (6.98%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4.88%) were observed. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spread resistance genes to previously susceptible bacteria. This is a problem that affects animal, human and environmental health and should be evaluated within the one-health concept.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk from healthy, clinical and subclinical mastitis udders","authors":"Juliana Souza Alves , Rossiane de Moura Souza , Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira , Alice Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle and can be manifested in clinical and subclinical forms. The overuse of antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of mastitis favours antimicrobial resistance and milk can be a potential route of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the biological quality of bulk tank milk (BTM) and the microbiological quality and signs of mastitis of freshly milked raw milk. In addition, to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. isolated from freshly milked raw milk. None of the farms were within the official Brazilian biological quality limits for BTM. Freshly milked raw milk with signs of clinical (CMM), subclinical (SCMM) and no signs (MFM) of mastitis were detected in 6.67%, 27.62% and 65.71% samples, respectively. Most samples of freshly milked raw milk showed acceptable microbiological quality, when evaluating the indicators total coliforms (78.10%), <em>Escherichia coli</em> (88.57%) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (100%). <em>Klebsiella oxytoca</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> were the most prevalent microorganisms in SCMM and MFM samples. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in 65.12% and 13.95% of <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> and 84.31% and 5.88% of <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp., respectively, isolated from both SCMM and MFM samples. <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> resistant to third-generation cephalosporin (3GCR) (6.98%) and carbapenems (CRE) (6.98%) and methicillin-resistant <em>S. aureus</em> (MRSA) (4.88%) were observed. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spread resistance genes to previously susceptible bacteria. This is a problem that affects animal, human and environmental health and should be evaluated within the one-health concept.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20413,"journal":{"name":"Preventive veterinary medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}