Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426149
M. Arndt, M. Sauer
In this paper, we present the first spectroscopic carbon dioxide sensor designed for automotive applications. The sensor is based on the well known infrared measurement principle. It includes a new robust infrared gas-detector and a corresponding, newly developed, ASIC. First application studies show its suitability for automatic vehicle ventilation systems and for leak detection in R744 air conditioning systems.
{"title":"Spectroscopic carbon dioxide sensor for automotive applications","authors":"M. Arndt, M. Sauer","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426149","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the first spectroscopic carbon dioxide sensor designed for automotive applications. The sensor is based on the well known infrared measurement principle. It includes a new robust infrared gas-detector and a corresponding, newly developed, ASIC. First application studies show its suitability for automatic vehicle ventilation systems and for leak detection in R744 air conditioning systems.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73941200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426276
J. Prásek, M. Adamek
The aim of this work is to find a perspective and ecological way for heavy metals detection. For this purpose we designed a new type of an amperometric sensor substrate, which joins a topology of ring disc electrode with an existing type of amperometric sensor produced by BVT Technologies Company. The sensor is fabricated using thick film technology. The intention was to prepare a base substrate for study of properties of materials used for working electrodes fabrication. In this work, the main emphasis was on sensor design and on materials of working and reference electrodes to ensure reproducible and reliable detection of heavy metals with sufficient limit of detection. In this work, various graphite materials for sensors working electrodes were prepared, screen-printed, measured and compared with a classical graphite electrode.
{"title":"Development of new thick film sensor for heavy metals detection","authors":"J. Prásek, M. Adamek","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426276","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to find a perspective and ecological way for heavy metals detection. For this purpose we designed a new type of an amperometric sensor substrate, which joins a topology of ring disc electrode with an existing type of amperometric sensor produced by BVT Technologies Company. The sensor is fabricated using thick film technology. The intention was to prepare a base substrate for study of properties of materials used for working electrodes fabrication. In this work, the main emphasis was on sensor design and on materials of working and reference electrodes to ensure reproducible and reliable detection of heavy metals with sufficient limit of detection. In this work, various graphite materials for sensors working electrodes were prepared, screen-printed, measured and compared with a classical graphite electrode.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75433256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426211
J. Salach, A. Bieńkowski, R. Szewczyk
This paper presents the new possibility of utilizing ring-shaped, ribbon wound cores made of metallic glasses as torque sensors. A novel methodology of application of a torque to the magnetoelastic sensing elements is described. In this solution, uniform torque is applied by special, nonmagnetic backings with radial grooves. These backings are glued to the core. The developed method was applied for the measurement of the influence of torque on magnetic properties of Fe-based, metallic glass (Fe/sub 78/Si/sub 13/B/sub 9/) in as-quenched and annealed state. Results presented in the paper confirm that this method can be utilized in construction of the new class of magnetoelastic torque sensors.
{"title":"New possibilities of utilizing metallic glasses as torque sensors","authors":"J. Salach, A. Bieńkowski, R. Szewczyk","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426211","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the new possibility of utilizing ring-shaped, ribbon wound cores made of metallic glasses as torque sensors. A novel methodology of application of a torque to the magnetoelastic sensing elements is described. In this solution, uniform torque is applied by special, nonmagnetic backings with radial grooves. These backings are glued to the core. The developed method was applied for the measurement of the influence of torque on magnetic properties of Fe-based, metallic glass (Fe/sub 78/Si/sub 13/B/sub 9/) in as-quenched and annealed state. Results presented in the paper confirm that this method can be utilized in construction of the new class of magnetoelastic torque sensors.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75863323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426307
J. Laconte, B. Rue, J. Raskin, D. Flandre
The paper reports an improved low cost directional flow sensor, fully compatible with IC-CMOS SOI (silicon-on-insulator) processes, with fair sensitivity and short response time on a large airflow rate range (from 0 to 8 m/s) at a very low consumption (15 mW). Many different sensing principles can be found in the literature and impose a difficult choice between low power consumption, high airflow rate range, sufficient flow rate sensitivity and compatibility with IC processes. Our sensor challenges most recent realizations by providing attractive trade-offs between these parameters for a large range of applications.
{"title":"Fully CMOS-SOI compatible low-power directional flow sensor","authors":"J. Laconte, B. Rue, J. Raskin, D. Flandre","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426307","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports an improved low cost directional flow sensor, fully compatible with IC-CMOS SOI (silicon-on-insulator) processes, with fair sensitivity and short response time on a large airflow rate range (from 0 to 8 m/s) at a very low consumption (15 mW). Many different sensing principles can be found in the literature and impose a difficult choice between low power consumption, high airflow rate range, sufficient flow rate sensitivity and compatibility with IC processes. Our sensor challenges most recent realizations by providing attractive trade-offs between these parameters for a large range of applications.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72926544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426371
F. Iker, M. Si Moussa, N. André, T. Pardoen, J. Raskin
3D self-assembled microstructures are processed based on thin film SOI wafers. Self assembled structures going from meander inductors to flow sensors are obtained from using only one photolithographic step. The assembly of our microstructures relies on the thermal expansion mismatch between the material layers as well as control of the plastic flow of one of the layers.
{"title":"CMOS compatible 3-D self assembled microstructures using thin film SOI technology","authors":"F. Iker, M. Si Moussa, N. André, T. Pardoen, J. Raskin","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426371","url":null,"abstract":"3D self-assembled microstructures are processed based on thin film SOI wafers. Self assembled structures going from meander inductors to flow sensors are obtained from using only one photolithographic step. The assembly of our microstructures relies on the thermal expansion mismatch between the material layers as well as control of the plastic flow of one of the layers.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73575509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426215
H. Zangl, T. Bretterklieber
The shape of the rotor is an important accuracy issue of capacitive sensors for measurement of angular and linear position. Depending on the evaluation algorithm, two different shapes are commonly used; these rotors produce trapezoid or sinusoidal capacitance patterns. However, capacitance patterns which allow the construction of more accurate and more robust estimators of the desired parameter can be used. In general, position estimation is a nonlinear process, therefore the most accurate estimator is computationally expensive. In this paper an approach for robust optimal design of sensors with suboptimal estimators is presented. The optimal design is obtained by a tight coupling of statistical and field numerical methods taking into account uncertainties arising from inaccuracies of the topology, electronic component tolerances and measurement noise. It is shown that all these factors have substantial impact on the optimal shape of the rotor.
{"title":"Rotor design for capacitive sensors","authors":"H. Zangl, T. Bretterklieber","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426215","url":null,"abstract":"The shape of the rotor is an important accuracy issue of capacitive sensors for measurement of angular and linear position. Depending on the evaluation algorithm, two different shapes are commonly used; these rotors produce trapezoid or sinusoidal capacitance patterns. However, capacitance patterns which allow the construction of more accurate and more robust estimators of the desired parameter can be used. In general, position estimation is a nonlinear process, therefore the most accurate estimator is computationally expensive. In this paper an approach for robust optimal design of sensors with suboptimal estimators is presented. The optimal design is obtained by a tight coupling of statistical and field numerical methods taking into account uncertainties arising from inaccuracies of the topology, electronic component tolerances and measurement noise. It is shown that all these factors have substantial impact on the optimal shape of the rotor.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75580789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426274
J. Schnoller, B. Lendl
A mid-IR FT spectrometer equipped with a horizontal attenuated total reflection (ATR) unit has been used for fermentation monitoring. The ATR element has been incorporated in a flow cell connected to the fermentation process under investigation via a flexible computer controlled flow system for online monitoring. Measurement of dissolved components is achieved while pumping the sampled fermentation broth through the flow cell. Upon stopping the flow, the microorganisms can be monitored subsequently as they settle on top of the horizontal ATR element. Because of the surface sensitivity of ATR spectroscopy, the cleanness of the ATR surface must be guaranteed throughout a prolonged operating time. For certain bioprocesses, the formation of bio-films on the ATR surface was identified as an important difficulty as they cannot be removed by simple rinsing with distilled water or simple washing solutions such as NaHCO/sub 3/. Therefore, different chemical solutions have been tested for efficient bio-film removal. Among the studied solutions, the use of oxidizing agents (e.g. H/sub 2/O/sub 2/) in concentrations around 2% proved most effective.
{"title":"A portable FTIR-ATR process analyzer - online fermentation control","authors":"J. Schnoller, B. Lendl","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426274","url":null,"abstract":"A mid-IR FT spectrometer equipped with a horizontal attenuated total reflection (ATR) unit has been used for fermentation monitoring. The ATR element has been incorporated in a flow cell connected to the fermentation process under investigation via a flexible computer controlled flow system for online monitoring. Measurement of dissolved components is achieved while pumping the sampled fermentation broth through the flow cell. Upon stopping the flow, the microorganisms can be monitored subsequently as they settle on top of the horizontal ATR element. Because of the surface sensitivity of ATR spectroscopy, the cleanness of the ATR surface must be guaranteed throughout a prolonged operating time. For certain bioprocesses, the formation of bio-films on the ATR surface was identified as an important difficulty as they cannot be removed by simple rinsing with distilled water or simple washing solutions such as NaHCO/sub 3/. Therefore, different chemical solutions have been tested for efficient bio-film removal. Among the studied solutions, the use of oxidizing agents (e.g. H/sub 2/O/sub 2/) in concentrations around 2% proved most effective.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74345562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426133
N. Pinna, A. Bonavita, G. Neri, S. Capone, P. Siciliano, M. Niederberger
In this work, a nonaqueous and halide-free synthesis of In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and SnO/sub 2/ nanoparticles is presented. These materials were carefully characterized by HRTEM and XPD. They exhibit grain sizes on the nanoscale (around 2.5 nm for SnO/sub 2/ and 20 nm for In/sub 2/O/sub 3/) and are well crystallized even at such small size. Using the same approach, also In/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SnO/sub 2/ mixed oxide phases were successfully synthesized. Gas sensors were fabricated using the synthesized nanopowders. The good sensitivity of these sensors was demonstrated by monitoring trace levels of both oxidizing (NO/sub 2/) and reducing gases (CO and CH/sub 4/). The sensors were found to show linearity in a wide range of concentration, rapid response and recovery times.
{"title":"Nonaqueous synthesis of high-purity indium and tin oxide nanocrystals and their application as gas sensors","authors":"N. Pinna, A. Bonavita, G. Neri, S. Capone, P. Siciliano, M. Niederberger","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426133","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a nonaqueous and halide-free synthesis of In/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and SnO/sub 2/ nanoparticles is presented. These materials were carefully characterized by HRTEM and XPD. They exhibit grain sizes on the nanoscale (around 2.5 nm for SnO/sub 2/ and 20 nm for In/sub 2/O/sub 3/) and are well crystallized even at such small size. Using the same approach, also In/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SnO/sub 2/ mixed oxide phases were successfully synthesized. Gas sensors were fabricated using the synthesized nanopowders. The good sensitivity of these sensors was demonstrated by monitoring trace levels of both oxidizing (NO/sub 2/) and reducing gases (CO and CH/sub 4/). The sensors were found to show linearity in a wide range of concentration, rapid response and recovery times.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78805050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426217
A. Tognetti, F. Lorussi, M. Tesconi, D. D. Rossi
Electrically conductive elastomer (CE) composites show piezoresistive properties when a deformation is applied. In several applications, CE can be integrated into fabric or into other flexible substrates and can be employed as a strain sensor. Moreover, integrated CE sensors may be used in biomechanical analysis to realize wearable kinesthetic interfaces able to detect the posture and movement of a subject. Unfortunately, the long transient time (up to several minutes) and some peculiar non-linear phenomena in CE require a complex treatment of signals which is described in the present work.
{"title":"Strain sensing fabric characterization","authors":"A. Tognetti, F. Lorussi, M. Tesconi, D. D. Rossi","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426217","url":null,"abstract":"Electrically conductive elastomer (CE) composites show piezoresistive properties when a deformation is applied. In several applications, CE can be integrated into fabric or into other flexible substrates and can be employed as a strain sensor. Moreover, integrated CE sensors may be used in biomechanical analysis to realize wearable kinesthetic interfaces able to detect the posture and movement of a subject. Unfortunately, the long transient time (up to several minutes) and some peculiar non-linear phenomena in CE require a complex treatment of signals which is described in the present work.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75014570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426425
A. Domschke, S. Kabilan, R. Anand, M. Caines, D. Fetter, P. Griffith, K. James, N. Karangu, D. Smith, M. Vargas, J. Zeng, A. Hussain, Xiaoping Yang, J. Blyth, A. Mueller, P. Herbrechtsmeier, C. Lowe
A contact lens with an incorporated glucose-sensitive hologram has been designed as a system for non-invasive measurement of glucose levels in diabetic patients. The hologram consists of an acrylamide copolymer hydrogel with phenylboronic acid groups acting as reversible glucose-binding ligands, allowing dynamic changes in glucose to be detected. The colour of white light reflected off the hologram changes as glucose binds to the phenylboronic acid groups, and this change is used to quantify glucose concentrations. Holograms containing the ligand 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (3-APB) were incorporated into a contact lens. The lens was chemically extracted to render it non-toxic. After sterilization through autoclaving, the system still maintained its ability to bind glucose reversibly.
{"title":"Holographic sensors in contact lenses for minimally-invasive glucose measurements","authors":"A. Domschke, S. Kabilan, R. Anand, M. Caines, D. Fetter, P. Griffith, K. James, N. Karangu, D. Smith, M. Vargas, J. Zeng, A. Hussain, Xiaoping Yang, J. Blyth, A. Mueller, P. Herbrechtsmeier, C. Lowe","doi":"10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2004.1426425","url":null,"abstract":"A contact lens with an incorporated glucose-sensitive hologram has been designed as a system for non-invasive measurement of glucose levels in diabetic patients. The hologram consists of an acrylamide copolymer hydrogel with phenylboronic acid groups acting as reversible glucose-binding ligands, allowing dynamic changes in glucose to be detected. The colour of white light reflected off the hologram changes as glucose binds to the phenylboronic acid groups, and this change is used to quantify glucose concentrations. Holograms containing the ligand 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (3-APB) were incorporated into a contact lens. The lens was chemically extracted to render it non-toxic. After sterilization through autoclaving, the system still maintained its ability to bind glucose reversibly.","PeriodicalId":20476,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, 2004.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77546147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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