Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103589
Maria Holzmann , Andrew J Gooday , Jan Pawlowski
Single chambered foraminifera (monothalamids) occur in all marine habitats, as well as freshwater and terrestrial environments. Their genetic diversity by far surpasses their morphological variety and a combination of morphological and molecular data is needed to distinguish species and classify them. We present here the results of an integrative taxonomic study of monothalamids from bathyal and abyssal samples collected from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Trench and from coastal waters in the Southern Hemisphere. Based on morphological and molecular (DNA barcode sequences of 18S rRNA) data, we describe Flaviatella gen. nov., a member of monothalamid Clade Y. The type species, F. profunda gen. & sp. nov., was isolated from surface sediment samples collected at lower bathyal depths (3553 m) in the Bering Sea and at abyssal depths (4612 m) close to the nearby Aleutian trench. Specimens collected in 2007 from near the Japan trench (5360 m depth) are morphologically similar and genetically identical to this species. We also describe a second species of the new genus, F. siemensma sp. nov., based on samples collected in 2019 from a shallow subtidal bay in the Falkland Islands. Flaviatella is a new genus with a large geographic distribution and a wide bathymetric range, showing that monothalamid taxa can successfully colonize disjunct areas and adapt to different environmental conditions.
单室有孔虫（单丘脑虫）存在于所有的海洋栖息地，以及淡水和陆地环境中。它们的遗传多样性远远超过它们的形态多样性，需要结合形态和分子数据来区分和分类它们。我们在这里介绍了从白令海、阿留申海沟和南半球沿海水域收集的深海和深海样品中单丘脑类的综合分类研究结果。基于形态学和分子（18S rRNA的DNA条形码序列）数据，我们描述了黄斑蝶属（Flaviatella gen. &; sp. nov.），这是一种单thalamid分支Y.的成员。模式种F. profunda gen. &; sp. nov.是从白令海较低的深海（3553 m）和靠近阿留申海沟的深海（4612 m）收集的表层沉积物样本中分离出来的。2007年在日本海沟附近（5360米深）采集的标本在形态上和基因上与该物种相似。我们还根据2019年从福克兰群岛的一个浅海潮下海湾收集的样本，描述了新属的第二个物种，F. siemensma sp. nov.。Flaviatella是一个地理分布广、水深范围广的新属，表明单thalamid类群能够成功地在不相交的地区定殖，并适应不同的环境条件。
{"title":"Flaviatella gen. nov., a new genus of monothalamous foraminifera with a wide geographical and bathymetrical distribution","authors":"Maria Holzmann , Andrew J Gooday , Jan Pawlowski","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single chambered foraminifera (monothalamids) occur in all marine habitats, as well as freshwater and terrestrial environments. Their genetic diversity by far surpasses their morphological variety and a combination of morphological and molecular data is needed to distinguish species and classify them. We present here the results of an integrative taxonomic study of monothalamids from bathyal and abyssal samples collected from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Trench and from coastal waters in the Southern Hemisphere. Based on morphological and molecular (DNA barcode sequences of 18S rRNA) data, we describe <em>Flaviatella</em> gen. nov., a member of monothalamid Clade Y. The type species, <em>F. profunda</em> gen. & sp. nov., was isolated from surface sediment samples collected at lower bathyal depths (3553 m) in the Bering Sea and at abyssal depths (4612 m) close to the nearby Aleutian trench. Specimens collected in 2007 from near the Japan trench (5360 m depth) are morphologically similar and genetically identical to this species. We also describe a second species of the new genus, <em>F. siemensma</em> sp. nov., based on samples collected in 2019 from a shallow subtidal bay in the Falkland Islands. <em>Flaviatella</em> is a new genus with a large geographic distribution and a wide bathymetric range, showing that monothalamid taxa can successfully colonize disjunct areas and adapt to different environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 103589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103580
Cabrera-Núñez Susana , Fernández-Urruzola Igor , Bode Antonio , Hernández-Trujillo Sergio , Hidalgo Pamela , Escribano Ruben
Zooplankton are a key component in the food web of highly productive coastal upwelling systems linking primary producers to higher trophic levels. However, the complex taxonomy, wide size spectrum, and diverse trophic behaviors of zooplankton make it challenging to characterize their food web structure. This study proposes a Trophic Behavior Index (TBI) to assess the trophic structure of zooplankton and test the hypothesis that key biological attributes such as body size, diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior and trophic interactions, rather than environmental factors, primarily shape the food web dynamics of mesozooplankton communities. To this end, we analyzed depth-stratified daytime and nighttime samples of mesozooplankton collected from the upper 900 m at three oceanographically contrasting stations in the Southeast Pacific upwelling system. Vertical gradients in temperature, chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen were examined in relation to zooplankton abundance and composition, their DVM behavior, biomass size spectra and trophic position. The proposed TBI was constructed from zooplankton body size assessed by automated image analysis, DVM amplitude and trophic position of taxonomic groups derived from nitrogen stable isotope composition. This index was then compared across environmental conditions, allowing the classification of mesozooplankton into four major trophic functional groups: low predators (primary consumers), moderate predators, strong predators and top predators (very strong predators). Variability in oceanographic conditions influenced the zooplankton community composition and size spectrum; however, our findings suggest that zooplankton body size, DVM behavior and trophic position are the primary determinants of trophic structure. This is reflected in the relative abundance of functional groups, with strong and very strong predators prevailing in offshore areas, whereas the coastal zone was dominated by primary consumers and moderate predators. Overall, our findings support the TBI as a robust community descriptor of zooplankton trophic structure across highly variable oceanographic settings.
{"title":"Assessing the food web structure of the mesozooplankton community in the highly variable coastal upwelling system of the southeast Pacific","authors":"Cabrera-Núñez Susana , Fernández-Urruzola Igor , Bode Antonio , Hernández-Trujillo Sergio , Hidalgo Pamela , Escribano Ruben","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton are a key component in the food web of highly productive coastal upwelling systems linking primary producers to higher trophic levels. However, the complex taxonomy, wide size spectrum, and diverse trophic behaviors of zooplankton make it challenging to characterize their food web structure. This study proposes a Trophic Behavior Index (TBI) to assess the trophic structure of zooplankton and test the hypothesis that key biological attributes such as body size, diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior and trophic interactions, rather than environmental factors, primarily shape the food web dynamics of mesozooplankton communities. To this end, we analyzed depth-stratified daytime and nighttime samples of mesozooplankton collected from the upper 900 m at three oceanographically contrasting stations in the Southeast Pacific upwelling system. Vertical gradients in temperature, chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen were examined in relation to zooplankton abundance and composition, their DVM behavior, biomass size spectra and trophic position. The proposed TBI was constructed from zooplankton body size assessed by automated image analysis, DVM amplitude and trophic position of taxonomic groups derived from nitrogen stable isotope composition. This index was then compared across environmental conditions, allowing the classification of mesozooplankton into four major trophic functional groups: low predators (primary consumers), moderate predators, strong predators and top predators (very strong predators). Variability in oceanographic conditions influenced the zooplankton community composition and size spectrum; however, our findings suggest that zooplankton body size, DVM behavior and trophic position are the primary determinants of trophic structure. This is reflected in the relative abundance of functional groups, with strong and very strong predators prevailing in offshore areas, whereas the coastal zone was dominated by primary consumers and moderate predators. Overall, our findings support the TBI as a robust community descriptor of zooplankton trophic structure across highly variable oceanographic settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 103580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103587
Momoka Imai , Aiko Murayama , Kazuya Ono , Youhei Yamashita , Koji Suzuki , Tomohiro Nakamura , Kay I. Ohshima , Humio Mitsudera , Jun Nishioka
The southern Sea of Okhotsk, a seasonal sea ice zone, experiences a massive spring phytoplankton bloom every year. This bloom requires rich macronutrients and iron (Fe) as an essential micro-nutrient; however, the processes supplying Fe are not yet well understood. Consequently, we conducted detailed shipboard observations and Fe concentration measurements off Hokkaido, Japan, in the southern Sea of Okhotsk during the spring phytoplankton bloom following the retreat of sea ice. A phytoplankton bloom was observed in the surface low salinity water (SLSW), where chlorophyll a concentrations reached as high as 8.6 ± 4.6 mg m−3, while dissolved Fe (D-Fe) and nitrate concentrations remained low. The contribution of sea ice meltwater to SLSW was estimated through water δ18O analysis at 2.4 ± 0.5 %, with a particularly high contribution observed in the eastern part near the Shiretoko Peninsula. The impact of sea ice meltwater on supplying labile particulate Fe (LP-Fe) was estimated at 17 ± 4 nM, whereas the contribution of D-Fe was relatively small at 0.03 ± 0.02 nM, corresponding to ∼39 % and ∼2 % of the Fe concentration in seawater after sea ice melt, respectively. Additionally, LP-Fe was re-supplied from the Hokkaido shelf sediments, while D-Fe concentrations in intermediate to deep waters were influenced by particle remineralization. The redox environment of this region varied with topography and density layers, which also influenced the distribution of LP-Fe and D-Fe on the shelf and in the basin. These findings emphasize the complex processes controlling Fe dynamics in the studied area and their role in supporting the region’s primary production.
{"title":"Iron dynamics during spring phytoplankton bloom in the southern Sea of Okhotsk: The impact of sea ice melt on iron supply","authors":"Momoka Imai , Aiko Murayama , Kazuya Ono , Youhei Yamashita , Koji Suzuki , Tomohiro Nakamura , Kay I. Ohshima , Humio Mitsudera , Jun Nishioka","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The southern Sea of Okhotsk, a seasonal sea ice zone, experiences a massive spring phytoplankton bloom every year. This bloom requires rich macronutrients and iron (Fe) as an essential micro-nutrient; however, the processes supplying Fe are not yet well understood. Consequently, we conducted detailed shipboard observations and Fe concentration measurements off Hokkaido, Japan, in the southern Sea of Okhotsk during the spring phytoplankton bloom following the retreat of sea ice. A phytoplankton bloom was observed in the surface low salinity water (SLSW), where chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentrations reached as high as 8.6 ± 4.6 mg m<sup>−3</sup>, while dissolved Fe (D-Fe) and nitrate concentrations remained low. The contribution of sea ice meltwater to SLSW was estimated through water δ<sup>18</sup>O analysis at 2.4 ± 0.5 %, with a particularly high contribution observed in the eastern part near the Shiretoko Peninsula. The impact of sea ice meltwater on supplying labile particulate Fe (LP-Fe) was estimated at 17 ± 4 nM, whereas the contribution of D-Fe was relatively small at 0.03 ± 0.02 nM, corresponding to ∼39 % and ∼2 % of the Fe concentration in seawater after sea ice melt, respectively. Additionally, LP-Fe was re-supplied from the Hokkaido shelf sediments, while D-Fe concentrations in intermediate to deep waters were influenced by particle remineralization. The redox environment of this region varied with topography and density layers, which also influenced the distribution of LP-Fe and D-Fe on the shelf and in the basin. These findings emphasize the complex processes controlling Fe dynamics in the studied area and their role in supporting the region’s primary production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 103587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583
Manuel Fernández-Barba, Pablo Almaraz, I. Emma Huertas, Gabriel Navarro
Climate change is altering the global phenology of phytoplankton (i.e., the timing and magnitude of blooms) by influencing upper-ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions. However, less is known about regional phytoplankton responses to short-term climate extremes, despite their increasing severity and profound ecological impacts. In this study, we broadly investigate spatiotemporal changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions using 26 years of high-resolution L4 chlorophyll-a data from Copernicus’ multisatellite observations. We identify a regionally dependent trend toward less intense, longer-lasting coastal phytoplankton blooms that initiate and terminate earlier, accompanied by a decline in seasonality over the past decade. Notably, we find greater variability in the reproducibility of phytoplankton seasonal cycles during years of pronounced climatic instability. Further, using cutting-edge analytical methods, we empirically reveal causal, nonlinear relationships between dynamical changes in phytoplankton phenology and thermal (i.e., marine heatwaves) and wind-speed (i.e., Windiness) extremes. Our findings improve predictive skill for phytoplankton responses to transient climate events, providing evidence of their influence in shaping phytoplankton dynamics; insights particularly relevant for anticipating ecological and socioeconomic impacts.
{"title":"Climate variability induces changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions","authors":"Manuel Fernández-Barba, Pablo Almaraz, I. Emma Huertas, Gabriel Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is altering the global phenology of phytoplankton (i.e., the timing and magnitude of blooms) by influencing upper-ocean physical and biogeochemical conditions. However, less is known about regional phytoplankton responses to short-term climate extremes, despite their increasing severity and profound ecological impacts. In this study, we broadly investigate spatiotemporal changes in phytoplankton phenology across Spanish marine ecoregions using 26 years of high-resolution L4 chlorophyll-a data from Copernicus’ multisatellite observations. We identify a regionally dependent trend toward less intense, longer-lasting coastal phytoplankton blooms that initiate and terminate earlier, accompanied by a decline in seasonality over the past decade. Notably, we find greater variability in the reproducibility of phytoplankton seasonal cycles during years of pronounced climatic instability. Further, using cutting-edge analytical methods, we empirically reveal causal, nonlinear relationships between dynamical changes in phytoplankton phenology and thermal (i.e., marine heatwaves) and wind-speed (i.e., Windiness) extremes. Our findings improve predictive skill for phytoplankton responses to transient climate events, providing evidence of their influence in shaping phytoplankton dynamics; insights particularly relevant for anticipating ecological and socioeconomic impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 103583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103584
C. Tracy Shaw , Jennifer L. Fisher
Euphausiids are essential prey in the northeast Pacific, where changes in their distribution, biomass, and species composition can impact higher trophic levels. We used an 18-year (2001–2018) high-frequency time-series from the Newport Hydrographic Line (44.6°N) to investigate how temperature drives changes in cross-shelf distribution and how both temperature and productivity influence seasonal and interannual differences in euphausiid density, biomass, and length. Three species occurred throughout the study: Euphausia pacifica was most abundant (85%), followed by Thysanoessa spinifera (14 %), and Thysanoessa inspinata (1 %). E. pacifica were consistently associated with shelf break and slope habitats. T. spinifera abundances were generally similar at all stations but notably higher inshore during cool conditions. Temperature was inversely related to E. pacifica and T. spinifera density, biomass, and adult length, and adults of both species were nearly absent during anomalously warm ocean conditions. There were strong cross-shelf gradients in length for adult E. pacifica and T. spinifera, with consistently smaller individuals found at offshore stations and larger adults occurring at cooler more productive inshore stations. In warmer years, adults of both species were consistently smaller across all stations. Our results demonstrate euphausiid species-specific responses to climate variability suggesting reduced prey resources for higher trophic levels during warm ocean conditions.
{"title":"Climate variability drives species-specific changes in euphausiid biomass and length during a long-term study off Newport, Oregon, USA (2001–2018)","authors":"C. Tracy Shaw , Jennifer L. Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Euphausiids are essential prey in the northeast Pacific, where changes in their distribution, biomass, and species composition can impact higher trophic levels. We used an 18-year (2001–2018) high-frequency time-series from the Newport Hydrographic Line (44.6°N) to investigate how temperature drives changes in cross-shelf distribution and how both temperature and productivity influence seasonal and interannual differences in euphausiid density, biomass, and length. Three species occurred throughout the study: <em>Euphausia pacifica</em> was most abundant (85%), followed by <em>Thysanoessa spinifera</em> (14 %), and <em>Thysanoessa inspinata</em> (1 %). <em>E. pacifica</em> were consistently associated with shelf break and slope habitats. <em>T. spinifera</em> abundances were generally similar at all stations but notably higher inshore during cool conditions. Temperature was inversely related to <em>E. pacifica</em> and <em>T. spinifera</em> density, biomass, and adult length, and adults of both species were nearly absent during anomalously warm ocean conditions. There were strong cross-shelf gradients in length for adult <em>E. pacifica</em> and <em>T. spinifera,</em> with consistently smaller individuals found at offshore stations and larger adults occurring at cooler more productive inshore stations. In warmer years, adults of both species were consistently smaller across all stations. Our results demonstrate euphausiid species-specific responses to climate variability suggesting reduced prey resources for higher trophic levels during warm ocean conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 103584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103585
Olmo Miguez-Salas , Phillip C. Boan , Joséphine Pierrat
Sea cucumbers are one of the most abundant deep-sea benthic megafauna, both in terms of abundance and biomass. As efficient bioturbators, they assimilate nutrients from ingested material while excreting sediments (i.e., faecal cast lebensspuren), playing an important role as ecosystem engineers of the deep seafloor. Thus, distribution of the faecal casts produced by sea cucumbers, one of the most common morphotypes of deep-sea lebensspuren assemblages, may reflect the nutrient composition of the seafloor. However, the implications of these lebensspuren for understanding competition among tracemaker communities (i.e., benthic fauna responsible of lebensspuren formation) in the deep-sea have rarely been explored. Here, we apply spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) based on still images of rounded faecal casts and their producer (Elpidia minutissima) in an abyssal transect of the Bering Sea that was studied during the RV Sonne expedition AleutBio (Aleutian Trench Biodiversity Studies) (SO293). Elpidia minutissima is a well-known tracemaker that performs non-random foraging movements, and is able to detect and feed on nutrient-rich patches. We found that 24 rounded faecal cast populations best-fit a Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) model, and 16 best-fit a Heterogeneous Poisson (HP) model (i.e., aggregated distribution). CSR populations were negatively correlated with tracemaker density and digesting lebensspuren assemblage, suggesting a low nutrient seafloor. HP populations were positively correlated with locomotion lebensspuren assemblage, suggesting a more favorable seafloor. We highlight the utility of SPPA on faecal casts, one of the most common lebensspuren on deep-sea still images, as a proxy for seafloor nutrient conditions.
{"title":"What is hidden in the distribution of sea cucumber faecal casts? Spatial point pattern analysis reveals tracemaker community competition in the Bering Sea abyssal plain","authors":"Olmo Miguez-Salas , Phillip C. Boan , Joséphine Pierrat","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea cucumbers are one of the most abundant deep-sea benthic megafauna, both in terms of abundance and biomass. As efficient bioturbators, they assimilate nutrients from ingested material while excreting sediments (i.e., faecal cast lebensspuren), playing an important role as ecosystem engineers of the deep seafloor. Thus, distribution of the faecal casts produced by sea cucumbers, one of the most common morphotypes of deep-sea lebensspuren assemblages, may reflect the nutrient composition of the seafloor. However, the implications of these lebensspuren for understanding competition among tracemaker communities (i.e., benthic fauna responsible of lebensspuren formation) in the deep-sea have rarely been explored. Here, we apply spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) based on still images of rounded faecal casts and their producer (<em>Elpidia minutissima</em>) in an abyssal transect of the Bering Sea that was studied during the RV Sonne expedition AleutBio (Aleutian Trench Biodiversity Studies) (SO293). <em>Elpidia minutissima</em> is a well-known tracemaker that performs non-random foraging movements, and is able to detect and feed on nutrient-rich patches. We found that 24 rounded faecal cast populations best-fit a Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) model, and 16 best-fit a Heterogeneous Poisson (HP) model (i.e., aggregated distribution). CSR populations were negatively correlated with tracemaker density and digesting lebensspuren assemblage, suggesting a low nutrient seafloor. HP populations were positively correlated with locomotion lebensspuren assemblage, suggesting a more favorable seafloor. We highlight the utility of SPPA on faecal casts, one of the most common lebensspuren on deep-sea still images, as a proxy for seafloor nutrient conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 103585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103581
Thomas A. Clay , Gemma Carroll , Megan A. Cimino , Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds , Katie A. Kowarski , Anthony P. Lyons , Peter I. Miller , Timothy S. Moore , Joseph D. Warren , Elliott L. Hazen
Foraging by deep-diving marine predators is shaped by the interplay between oceanographic features and light-driven (diel and lunar) cycles that structure the three-dimensional distributions of their mesopelagic prey. While mesoscale features such as fronts and eddies are important for epipelagic predators, their role in driving the foraging behaviour of deep-divers remains poorly understood. We investigated bio-physical drivers of habitat use for dwarf and pygmy sperm whales Kogia spp. and beaked whales Mesoplodon spp. using three years of passive acoustic monitoring at seven sites on the Outer Continental Shelf of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. We analysed acoustic detections alongside satellite- and model-derived oceanographic variables spanning meso- and seasonal scales, and diel and lunar cycles. The two deepest sites, on the Blake Plateau (870 m) and the outer continental slope (790 m), emerged as foraging hotspots with year-round vocal presence of kogiid and beaked whales. Mesoscale activity associated with the Gulf Stream – including current strength and eddy kinetic energy – were foraging predictors, alongside sea surface temperature and primary productivity. However, site-specific habitat models explained only 3–37 % deviance. Blainville’s beaked whale M. densirostris foraging activity peaked during the full moon, likely due to lunar effects on prey concentrations at depth, while there was no clear diel variation for any detected beaked whale species. In contrast, kogiid foraging activity was elevated around sunrise and sunset. These findings suggest a role of near-surface features such as eddies in addition to light-driven cycles in shaping predator–prey dynamics, even in deep continental slope ecosystems.
{"title":"Environmental drivers of foraging by deep-diving cetaceans: Roles of mesoscale oceanography and light-driven cycles","authors":"Thomas A. Clay , Gemma Carroll , Megan A. Cimino , Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds , Katie A. Kowarski , Anthony P. Lyons , Peter I. Miller , Timothy S. Moore , Joseph D. Warren , Elliott L. Hazen","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foraging by deep-diving marine predators is shaped by the interplay between oceanographic features and light-driven (diel and lunar) cycles that structure the three-dimensional distributions of their mesopelagic prey. While mesoscale features such as fronts and eddies are important for epipelagic predators, their role in driving the foraging behaviour of deep-divers remains poorly understood. We investigated bio-physical drivers of habitat use for dwarf and pygmy sperm whales <em>Kogia</em> spp. and beaked whales <em>Mesoplodon</em> spp. using three years of passive acoustic monitoring at seven sites on the Outer Continental Shelf of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. We analysed acoustic detections alongside satellite- and model-derived oceanographic variables spanning meso- and seasonal scales, and diel and lunar cycles. The two deepest sites, on the Blake Plateau (870 m) and the outer continental slope (790 m), emerged as foraging hotspots with year-round vocal presence of kogiid and beaked whales. Mesoscale activity associated with the Gulf Stream – including current strength and eddy kinetic energy – were foraging predictors, alongside sea surface temperature and primary productivity. However, site-specific habitat models explained only 3–37 % deviance. Blainville’s beaked whale <em>M. densirostris</em> foraging activity peaked during the full moon, likely due to lunar effects on prey concentrations at depth, while there was no clear diel variation for any detected beaked whale species. In contrast, kogiid foraging activity was elevated around sunrise and sunset. These findings suggest a role of near-surface features such as eddies in addition to light-driven cycles in shaping predator–prey dynamics, even in deep continental slope ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 103581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103582
Zhen Lin , Shin-ichi Ito , Alan Baudron , Christine Stawitz , Takeshi Tomiyama , Kunihiro Fujiwara , Paul D. Spencer , John Morrongiello
Fish body size is a crucial biological trait that has implications for ecology, economics, and food security. In recent years, widespread reports of large-scale fish size reduction have been variously attributed to warming temperatures, shifts in density-dependent growth, changes in prey availability, and fishing pressure. Disentangling the relative importance of these factors is vital for understanding fluctuations in fish size in complex marine ecosystems. This study used a state-space approach to explore weight deviation dynamics of 16 stocks spanning over 35 years (1982–2018, six stocks) and over 20 years (∼1995–2018, 10 stocks) in the western North Pacific (WNP). Weight anomalies were calculated separately for the youngest age (age 0 for most stocks) and for the older ages (age ≥ 1 for most stocks). We explored combinations of covariates that tested whether weight anomalies were related to species competition, environmental factors and fishing mortality. We found that intra- and interspecies competition was particularly influential, affecting 75 % of stocks. The importance of intraspecific competition became more pronounced as fish aged. Though generally less influential than competition, stratification strength, which was primarily driven by surface water temperatures, affected weight deviations for approximately 50 % of stocks at older life stages. Fishing pressure exerted a negative impact for 25 % of stocks. Our findings highlight the critical role of species competition in shaping fish size anomalies in the wild, along with the influence of environmental conditions and fishing mortality, and emphasize the need to integrate these size-driving mechanisms into traditional stock assessments to improve fisheries management.
{"title":"A state-space approach reveals that competition drives variation in fish body weight, with influences from environmental conditions and fishing pressure","authors":"Zhen Lin , Shin-ichi Ito , Alan Baudron , Christine Stawitz , Takeshi Tomiyama , Kunihiro Fujiwara , Paul D. Spencer , John Morrongiello","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish body size is a crucial biological trait that has implications for ecology, economics, and food security. In recent years, widespread reports of large-scale fish size reduction have been variously attributed to warming temperatures, shifts in density-dependent growth, changes in prey availability, and fishing pressure. Disentangling the relative importance of these factors is vital for understanding fluctuations in fish size in complex marine ecosystems. This study used a state-space approach to explore weight deviation dynamics of 16 stocks spanning over 35 years (1982–2018, six stocks) and over 20 years (∼1995–2018, 10 stocks) in the western North Pacific (WNP). Weight anomalies were calculated separately for the youngest age (age 0 for most stocks) and for the older ages (age ≥ 1 for most stocks). We explored combinations of covariates that tested whether weight anomalies were related to species competition, environmental factors and fishing mortality. We found that intra- and interspecies competition was particularly influential, affecting 75 % of stocks. The importance of intraspecific competition became more pronounced as fish aged. Though generally less influential than competition, stratification strength, which was primarily driven by surface water temperatures, affected weight deviations for approximately 50 % of stocks at older life stages. Fishing pressure exerted a negative impact for 25 % of stocks. Our findings highlight the critical role of species competition in shaping fish size anomalies in the wild, along with the influence of environmental conditions and fishing mortality, and emphasize the need to integrate these size-driving mechanisms into traditional stock assessments to improve fisheries management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 103582"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103579
Covadonga Orejas , Beatriz Vinha , Gillian B. Ainsworth , Sarah Saldanha , Teresa Militão , Christian Mohn , Thor H. Hansteen , Sara S. Ratão , Henk-Jan Hoving , Teresa Amaro , Dominique M.J. Anderson , Deusa Araújo , Ana Mafalda Correia , Simon Berrow , Herculano A. Dinis , Rui Freitas , Evandro Lopes , Vanessa Lopes , Pedro Lopez , Thais Macedo , Veerle A.I. Huvenne
The deep-sea areas of the Cabo Verde Archipelago remain largely unexplored, with seamounts standing out as the most prominent and abundant geomorphological features. The ecological significance of these underwater structures is well-documented in various regions of the planet, as they often serve as biodiversity hotspots, stepping stones for species connectivity and, in some cases, areas with high levels of endemism. However, the biology and ecology of the seamounts around Cabo Verde are still largely unknown. Preliminary studies of the geomorphology, oceanographic characteristics and ecology of specific features suggest that the Cabo Verde seamount network — comprising 14 known conspicuous seamounts as well as smaller elevations less than 1000 m — harbours high biological diversity. That biodiversity associated with the Cabo Verde seamounts spans a wide range of forms, from microscopic organisms to cetaceans, encompassing both pelagic and benthic communities. Commercial activities associated with seamounts, in particular fishing, are a critical aspect to consider for ecosystem management. Evaluating their current uses, future prospects, and the existing and potential threats the Cabo Verde seamounts face is essential for effective and sustainable marine spatial planning. This study reviews and synthesises the current knowledge on the Cabo Verde seamounts within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), focusing on their environmental and biological aspects, including geology, oceanography, and associated biological communities. Key topics include primary production, zooplankton communities, benthic organisms, large vertebrates such as elasmobranchs, sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans, as well as microbes and trophic linkages. Additionally, this review explores the socio-economic dimensions linked to seamounts, highlighting their importance to the local economy and emphasizing the need for effective marine spatial management plans. These considerations are crucial for balancing conservation efforts with sustainable use, ensuring the long-term health of these vital underwater ecosystems.
{"title":"Seamounts of Cabo Verde: A review of their ecological and economic significance, anthropogenic impacts, and conservation needs","authors":"Covadonga Orejas , Beatriz Vinha , Gillian B. Ainsworth , Sarah Saldanha , Teresa Militão , Christian Mohn , Thor H. Hansteen , Sara S. Ratão , Henk-Jan Hoving , Teresa Amaro , Dominique M.J. Anderson , Deusa Araújo , Ana Mafalda Correia , Simon Berrow , Herculano A. Dinis , Rui Freitas , Evandro Lopes , Vanessa Lopes , Pedro Lopez , Thais Macedo , Veerle A.I. Huvenne","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deep-sea areas of the Cabo Verde Archipelago remain largely unexplored, with seamounts standing out as the most prominent and abundant geomorphological features. The ecological significance of these underwater structures is well-documented in various regions of the planet, as they often serve as biodiversity hotspots, stepping stones for species connectivity and, in some cases, areas with high levels of endemism. However, the biology and ecology of the seamounts around Cabo Verde are still largely unknown. Preliminary studies of the geomorphology, oceanographic characteristics and ecology of specific features suggest that the Cabo Verde seamount network — comprising 14 known conspicuous seamounts as well as smaller elevations less than 1000 m — harbours high biological diversity. That biodiversity associated with the Cabo Verde seamounts spans a wide range of forms, from microscopic organisms to cetaceans, encompassing both pelagic and benthic communities. Commercial activities associated with seamounts, in particular fishing, are a critical aspect to consider for ecosystem management. Evaluating their current uses, future prospects, and the existing and potential threats the Cabo Verde seamounts face is essential for effective and sustainable marine spatial planning. This study reviews and synthesises the current knowledge on the Cabo Verde seamounts within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), focusing on their environmental and biological aspects, including geology, oceanography, and associated biological communities. Key topics include primary production, zooplankton communities, benthic organisms, large vertebrates such as elasmobranchs, sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans, as well as microbes and trophic linkages. Additionally, this review explores the socio-economic dimensions linked to seamounts, highlighting their importance to the local economy and emphasizing the need for effective marine spatial management plans. These considerations are crucial for balancing conservation efforts with sustainable use, ensuring the long-term health of these vital underwater ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 103579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103578
Irene Pérez-Rodríguez , Dirk Nürnberg , Julie C. Schindlbeck-Belo , Jack H. Wharton , Thor H. Hansteen , Veerle A.I. Huvenne , David J.R. Thornalley , Ángela Mosquera Giménez , Steffen Kutterolf , Kelsey Archer Barnhill , Covadonga Orejas
Cabo Verde hosts unique, highly biodiverse marine ecosystems that thrive on volcanic seamounts and island slopes. These ecosystems are shaped by distinct oceanographic dynamics, influenced by the southeastern edge of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASTG) and by seasonal upwelling. To explore regional oceanographic variability over time, this study investigates Holocene (last 11.7 ka) sediments using multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from a short core retrieved from ∼ 4,400 m water depth off Cabo Verde.
During the Early Holocene, year-round upwelling, or an intensified Guinea Dome, may have inhibited the development of the strong summer stratification characteristic of the modern regional non-upwelling season. Despite humid conditions over the continent, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained relatively low during this subepoch, diverging from the present-day pattern in Northwest Africa, where the wet season is marked by weaker upwelling and higher SSTs. This oceanographic state was likely driven by precession-induced insolation changes associated with the precession minimum, which may have modified seasonal regional wind regimes and influenced broader atmospheric processes. Teleconnections related to transitional postglacial conditions and/or continental climate feedbacks, may also have played a role. The Middle Holocene, corresponding to the most humid conditions of this epoch in Northwest Africa, is characterized by reduced upwelling and an eastward expansion of the NASTG, inferred from warmer subsurface conditions at our study site. This interval also provides tentative evidence for enhanced input of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) into the Northeast Atlantic Bottom Water (NEABW). During the Late Holocene, intensified upwelling and a reduced influence of the NASTG, possibly due to a westward retraction of its eastern boundary, are suggested at our site, occurring under arid conditions in Northwest Africa.
These results highlight that, despite the overall climatic stability of the Holocene, oceanographic conditions off Cabo Verde experienced significant changes in seasonal upper ocean stratification, upwelling, subtropical gyre influence, and deep-water structure. Such insights improve our understanding of regional climate-ocean interactions, helping to refine climate models and improve predictions of ecosystem responses in this sensitive marine region.
{"title":"Holocene oceanographic variability in the Subtropical Northeast Atlantic","authors":"Irene Pérez-Rodríguez , Dirk Nürnberg , Julie C. Schindlbeck-Belo , Jack H. Wharton , Thor H. Hansteen , Veerle A.I. Huvenne , David J.R. Thornalley , Ángela Mosquera Giménez , Steffen Kutterolf , Kelsey Archer Barnhill , Covadonga Orejas","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cabo Verde hosts unique, highly biodiverse marine ecosystems that thrive on volcanic seamounts and island slopes. These ecosystems are shaped by distinct oceanographic dynamics, influenced by the southeastern edge of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASTG) and by seasonal upwelling. To explore regional oceanographic variability over time, this study investigates Holocene (last 11.7 ka) sediments using multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from a short core retrieved from ∼ 4,400 m water depth off Cabo Verde.</div><div>During the Early Holocene, year-round upwelling, or an intensified Guinea Dome, may have inhibited the development of the strong summer stratification characteristic of the modern regional non-upwelling season. Despite humid conditions over the continent, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remained relatively low during this subepoch, diverging from the present-day pattern in Northwest Africa, where the wet season is marked by weaker upwelling and higher SSTs. This oceanographic state was likely driven by precession-induced insolation changes associated with the precession minimum, which may have modified seasonal regional wind regimes and influenced broader atmospheric processes. Teleconnections related to transitional postglacial conditions and/or continental climate feedbacks, may also have played a role. The Middle Holocene, corresponding to the most humid conditions of this epoch in Northwest Africa, is characterized by reduced upwelling and an eastward expansion of the NASTG, inferred from warmer subsurface conditions at our study site. This interval also provides tentative evidence for enhanced input of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) into the Northeast Atlantic Bottom Water (NEABW). During the Late Holocene, intensified upwelling and a reduced influence of the NASTG, possibly due to a westward retraction of its eastern boundary, are suggested at our site, occurring under arid conditions in Northwest Africa.</div><div>These results highlight that, despite the overall climatic stability of the Holocene, oceanographic conditions off Cabo Verde experienced significant changes in seasonal upper ocean stratification, upwelling, subtropical gyre influence, and deep-water structure. Such insights improve our understanding of regional climate-ocean interactions, helping to refine climate models and improve predictions of ecosystem responses in this sensitive marine region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 103578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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