§ 1. The experiment described in § 14 of our paper on the “Electrification of Air and other Gases by bubbling through Water and other Liquids” (‘Roy. Soc. Proc.,’ February 21, 1895), proves that air, electrified negatively by bubbling through water and caused to pass through a metallic wire gauze strainer, gives up some, but not a large proportion, of its electricity to the-metal. We have now made a fresh experimental arrangement for the purpose of investigating diselectrification of air which has been electrified, whether positively or negatively, by other means than bubbling through water: with apparatus represented in figs. 1 and 2, which is simplified from that of our former paper by the omission of the apparatus for electrification by bubbling, and for collecting large quantities of electrified air.
{"title":"I. On the diselectrification of air","authors":"W. Thomson, M. Maclean, A. Galt","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0172","url":null,"abstract":"§ 1. The experiment described in § 14 of our paper on the “Electrification of Air and other Gases by bubbling through Water and other Liquids” (‘Roy. Soc. Proc.,’ February 21, 1895), proves that air, electrified negatively by bubbling through water and caused to pass through a metallic wire gauze strainer, gives up some, but not a large proportion, of its electricity to the-metal. We have now made a fresh experimental arrangement for the purpose of investigating diselectrification of air which has been electrified, whether positively or negatively, by other means than bubbling through water: with apparatus represented in figs. 1 and 2, which is simplified from that of our former paper by the omission of the apparatus for electrification by bubbling, and for collecting large quantities of electrified air.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"436 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62362901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These observations have been made by instruments purchased from the Government Grant Fund administered by the Royal Society. The Observatory having been comparatively recently established, the Vertical Force self-recording instrument is not yet in thorough working order. It is hoped in future to publish complete records of all three elements.
{"title":"Report of magnetical observations at Falmouth Observatory for the year 1894. Latitude 50° 9' 0\" N. and longitude 5° 4' 35\" W.; height, 167 feet above mean sea-level","authors":"","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0183","url":null,"abstract":"These observations have been made by instruments purchased from the Government Grant Fund administered by the Royal Society. The Observatory having been comparatively recently established, the Vertical Force self-recording instrument is not yet in thorough working order. It is hoped in future to publish complete records of all three elements.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"530 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62363122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At Professor Ramsay’s suggestion, experiments were undertaken to see whether argon could be obtained from nitrogenous vegetables or from animal tissues. Method :—A few grams of the substance, after drying if necessary, were ground to a fine powder, desiccated at 110° C., until the weight was constant, and a nitrogen estimation performed by Dumas’ method. It was supposed that any argon compound would be decomposed, when the argon would come off along with the nitrogen.
{"title":"X. Is argon contained in vegetable or animal substances?","authors":"G. MacDonald, A. Kellas","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0181","url":null,"abstract":"At Professor Ramsay’s suggestion, experiments were undertaken to see whether argon could be obtained from nitrogenous vegetables or from animal tissues. Method :—A few grams of the substance, after drying if necessary, were ground to a fine powder, desiccated at 110° C., until the weight was constant, and a nitrogen estimation performed by Dumas’ method. It was supposed that any argon compound would be decomposed, when the argon would come off along with the nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"490 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62363340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the enquiry described in the paper, of which this communication is an abstract, has engaged my attention for the last two years, the actual experiments on which the conclusions are based were not performed until the months of September and October, 1894. Many difficulties in the construction of the apparatus had to be overcome, also the necessary standardisation of the instruments occupied my leisure time for some months. The apparatus was designed so as to enable me to perform experiments at temperatures from 10° to 60° C., and I hoped to carry out my investigations over that range.
{"title":"II. The latent heat of evaporation of water","authors":"E. H. Griffiths","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0144","url":null,"abstract":"Although the enquiry described in the paper, of which this communication is an abstract, has engaged my attention for the last two years, the actual experiments on which the conclusions are based were not performed until the months of September and October, 1894. Many difficulties in the construction of the apparatus had to be overcome, also the necessary standardisation of the instruments occupied my leisure time for some months. The apparatus was designed so as to enable me to perform experiments at temperatures from 10° to 60° C., and I hoped to carry out my investigations over that range.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"62 1","pages":"212 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62360228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a paper communicated to this Society in the spring of 1894, I showed that ethylene, when subjected to heat, was converted into acetylene and methane, according to the equation 3C2H4 = 2C2H2+2CH4, and that the acetylene so formed either at once polymerised, forming a large number of secondary products, or else decomposed to carbon and hydrogen, according to the temperature at which the action was being carried on.
{"title":"II. The action of heat upon ethylene. II","authors":"V. Lewes","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0169","url":null,"abstract":"In a paper communicated to this Society in the spring of 1894, I showed that ethylene, when subjected to heat, was converted into acetylene and methane, according to the equation 3C2H4 = 2C2H2+2CH4, and that the acetylene so formed either at once polymerised, forming a large number of secondary products, or else decomposed to carbon and hydrogen, according to the temperature at which the action was being carried on.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"394 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62362973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I must beg leave at the outset to acknowledge the valuable aid of my Assistant, Mr. R. B. Moris, F .C. S., in the present inquiry. An investigation of this kind, necessitating much consideration, can only be carried to a successful issue by arguments and discussions, and to Mr. Moris much credit is due for the light these discussions have shed on the inquiry; I feel also indebted to him for the care he has bestowed on the numerous analyses he has made for me, and for the accuracy with which-his work has invariably been done. From a general view of the function of respiration it follows that there are four fundamental forms of breathing; their characters are the following:—
{"title":"On the different forms of breathing","authors":"W. Marcet","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0134","url":null,"abstract":"I must beg leave at the outset to acknowledge the valuable aid of my Assistant, Mr. R. B. Moris, F .C. S., in the present inquiry. An investigation of this kind, necessitating much consideration, can only be carried to a successful issue by arguments and discussions, and to Mr. Moris much credit is due for the light these discussions have shed on the inquiry; I feel also indebted to him for the care he has bestowed on the numerous analyses he has made for me, and for the accuracy with which-his work has invariably been done. From a general view of the function of respiration it follows that there are four fundamental forms of breathing; their characters are the following:—","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"116 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62359460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having been furnished, by Professor Ramsay’s kindness, with a sample of the new gas, argon, I have carried out experiments on its behaviour at low temperatures and at high pressures, in order to contribute, at least in part, to the knowledge of the properties of this interesting body. The argon with which I was supplied had been dried with phosphoric anhydride; its density was 19⋅9 (H = 1); and Professor Ramsay thought that at the outside it might contain 1 to 2 per cent. of nitrogen, although it showed no nitrogen spectrum when examined in a Pflücker’s tube.
{"title":"III. The liquefaction and solidification of argon","authors":"K. Olszewski","doi":"10.1098/RSPL.1894.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPL.1894.0151","url":null,"abstract":"Having been furnished, by Professor Ramsay’s kindness, with a sample of the new gas, argon, I have carried out experiments on its behaviour at low temperatures and at high pressures, in order to contribute, at least in part, to the knowledge of the properties of this interesting body. The argon with which I was supplied had been dried with phosphoric anhydride; its density was 19⋅9 (H = 1); and Professor Ramsay thought that at the outside it might contain 1 to 2 per cent. of nitrogen, although it showed no nitrogen spectrum when examined in a Pflücker’s tube.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"290 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSPL.1894.0151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62360576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spark spectrum of air as photographed, mapped, and described by Hartley and Adeney contains various lines which they have not been able to attribute to oxygen or to nitrogen, having no grounds for assigning them to one element or the other. The lines belonging to oxygen and nitrogen, when produced by uncondensed sparks, are comparatively well known; so also are the lines of oxygen when a condensed spark is used, but it is otherwise with the lines of nitrogen when the spark is condensed.
{"title":"IV. On the spark spectrum of argon as it appears in the spark spectrum of air","authors":"W. Hartley","doi":"10.1098/RSPL.1894.0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/RSPL.1894.0152","url":null,"abstract":"The spark spectrum of air as photographed, mapped, and described by Hartley and Adeney contains various lines which they have not been able to attribute to oxygen or to nitrogen, having no grounds for assigning them to one element or the other. The lines belonging to oxygen and nitrogen, when produced by uncondensed sparks, are comparatively well known; so also are the lines of oxygen when a condensed spark is used, but it is otherwise with the lines of nitrogen when the spark is condensed.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"293 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/RSPL.1894.0152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62360707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two spectra of oxygen are shown to be of a different nature. They behave differently, and reasons are given for their being in all probability the spectra of different gases. They may either be two spectra produced by different vibrations of the oxygen molecule, or they may be the spectra of two different modifications of oxygen, or the spectra of two distinct gases resulting from a dissociation of oxygen, a combination of which is called oxygen. It appeared worth while to undertake experiments with a view of testing the last of these.
{"title":"IV. A possible explanation of the two-fold spectra of oxygen and nitrogen","authors":"E. Baly","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0175","url":null,"abstract":"The two spectra of oxygen are shown to be of a different nature. They behave differently, and reasons are given for their being in all probability the spectra of different gases. They may either be two spectra produced by different vibrations of the oxygen molecule, or they may be the spectra of two different modifications of oxygen, or the spectra of two distinct gases resulting from a dissociation of oxygen, a combination of which is called oxygen. It appeared worth while to undertake experiments with a view of testing the last of these.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"184 1","pages":"468 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62362730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since May, 1892, I have been making monthly determinations of the number of bacteria capable of development on a peptone-gelatine plate in a given volume of Thames water collected at the intakes of the Metropolitan water companies at Hampton. The number of microbes per cubic centimetre of water varied during this time between 631 and 56,630, the highest numbers having, as a rule, been found in winter or when the temperature of the water was low, and the lowest in summer or when the temperature was high.
{"title":"II. On the conditions affecting bacterial life in Thames water","authors":"E. Frankland","doi":"10.1098/rspl.1894.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspl.1894.0173","url":null,"abstract":"Since May, 1892, I have been making monthly determinations of the number of bacteria capable of development on a peptone-gelatine plate in a given volume of Thames water collected at the intakes of the Metropolitan water companies at Hampton. The number of microbes per cubic centimetre of water varied during this time between 631 and 56,630, the highest numbers having, as a rule, been found in winter or when the temperature of the water was low, and the lowest in summer or when the temperature was high.","PeriodicalId":20661,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London","volume":"57 1","pages":"439 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1098/rspl.1894.0173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62363021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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