Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Purpose: Depression is well-known to be transmitted across generations, whereas the focus has often been on mother-child dyads. Little is known about the role of fathers and some inherited temperaments of adolescents, especially in Chinese families. This study is the first to explore the moderated mediation transmission mechanism of depressive symptoms, in which (i) the role of fathers was compared to that of mothers, and (ii) how adolescent perceptual sensitivity worked was particularly elucidated.

Participants and methods: A total of 738 Chinese adolescents (M _age = 12.80 ± 1.58 years; 47.2% girls) who were companied with one of their primary caregivers (mothers or fathers) were recruited, constituting two subsamples of mother-child (N = 508) versus father-child dyads (N = 230), respectively. Path models and the regions of significance approach were used to analyze the moderated mediation mechanisms.

Results: Mothers and fathers both transmitted depressive symptoms to adolescents via their rejection parenting (indirect effect = 0.14, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001). However, adolescent perceptual sensitivity moderated the second half path of this mediation pathway among mother-child dyads (b = 0.09, SE = 0.04, p = 0.011), but not among father-child dyads (b = -0.05, SE = 0.06, p = 0.348), and worked in a manner of diathesis-stress. Adolescent sex did not moderate this transmission mechanism (χ² = 6.52, df = 3, p = 0.089).

Conclusion: These findings suggest similarities and differences in the roles of mothers and fathers in the transmission risk of depressive symptoms in contemporary Chinese families, and highlight a diathesis-stress like moderation effect of adolescent perceptual sensitivity.

This systematic review article considers the intertwinement of sense of coherence, self-esteem, and age stereotype among the heterogeneous aging population. Aging is multifaceted and complex, and older persons are a mosaic of values, experience, and psychological responses to society's perception of their age. Underpinning this portrayal is the understanding that aging is not unidimensional but rather a complex aggregate of processes, challenges, and psychological processes. The first half describes the interdependence between age stereotypes and age discrimination and calls for the struggle against ageism at the social, institutional, and individual levels. The second half explores the influence of negative aging stereotypes on the self-concept of the elderly in Poland. It is necessary to investigate these processes to develop interventions and support systems suitable for the specific needs of the aging population. The third part deals with the complex cluster of self-concepts of self-esteem. The variability of self-esteem of the elderly ranging from high self-worth and confidence to low self-esteem and doubtfulness and low self-worth. Intervention must be specialized in trying to construct self-esteem, considering the variability of values of the elderly. In the fourth part, we deal with resilience continuum and the connection with age. Sense of coherence, a construct of Antonovsky's psychology, is the centerpiece of resilience research on older individuals. Optimal sense of coherence enables individuals to manage old-age adversity and how lack of sense of coherence exposes them to the psychological impacts of stereotypes on old age. The dynamics of the aging population on the continuum, discussed in the problems of the fifth section, illustrate the response to age stereotypes and resilience and how these affect overall well-being.

Despite growing recognition of mental health as a global priority, a critical knowledge gap persists regarding how workforce availability aligns with the burden of mental disorders across income levels. This perspective addresses that gap by comparing mental health workforce indicators and disease burden metrics from the World Health Organization and United Nations datasets, stratified by country income level. The findings reveal a striking misalignment: low- and lower-middle-income countries report the highest disability-adjusted life years due to depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide, yet possess the lowest density of psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, and social workers per 100,000 population. Conversely, high-income countries demonstrate stronger alignment between disease burden and workforce capacity, supported by greater policy readiness and financial allocation. Importantly, this analysis identifies not only a quantitative shortfall in human resources but also a qualitative gap in policy implementation, including limited enforcement, weak integration into primary care systems, and insufficient accountability mechanisms. Even where national mental health plans exist, compliance and execution remain limited, particularly in low-income settings. These inequities compromise efforts toward universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 on mental well-being. These findings highlight urgent global priorities for mental health investment and system reform to close the persistent treatment gap and advance the Sustainable Development Goals. This evidence may guide investment decisions, inform global health diplomacy, and support policy reforms aimed at closing the persistent mental health treatment gap.

Risperidone was the first second-generation antipsychotic to be developed as a long-acting injectable (LAI). In the early 2000s, a risperidone microsphere formulation, intramuscularly administered every 2 weeks (BW-RLAI), was introduced. To date, five different risperidone LAI formulations have been marketed - including a second biweekly microsphere injection (LY03004), a newer monthly intramuscular formulation using in situ microparticles (ISM) technology that does not require an oral risperidone run-in, and two subcutaneous formulations (RBP-7000 and TV-46000). Understanding the advantages and limitations of each option is essential for tailoring treatment regimens based on clinical needs and patient preferences. In this review, with the aim of offering insights for clinical practice and future research, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the currently available risperidone LAI formulations, examining their efficacy and safety for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. While evidence supporting the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of risperidone LAI for schizophrenia is available for all marketed formulations to date, advantages for newer formulations, such as longer dosing intervals without oral supplementation, are also reviewed. In addition, although the Food and Drug Administration approved the biweekly LAIs for bipolar I disorder, there is no data on effectiveness of the other risperidone LAI formulations for this indication so far. The variety of the available risperidone LAI options is likely to enable a more personalized treatment approach. To facilitate this, healthcare providers should develop a comprehensive understanding of these formulations to select the most suitable option. While risperidone ISM, RBP-7000, and TV-46000 may enhance treatment feasibility and adherence, further research is needed to build an evidence base comparable to that available for BW-RLAI, particularly in the treatment of BD.

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between SOC, coping strategies, and caregiver burden, and analyze the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between SOC and caregiver burden.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 230 informal caregivers of people with dementia in Shanghai, China. The data collection period is May 21, 2024, to December 31, 2024. This study involved participants who filled out various questionnaires, encompassing demographic data, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), Brief COPE inventory, and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Adoption of SPSS 27.0 for statistical analysis and Hayes' PROCESS (Model 4), and the mediating effect was validated by the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile bootstrap method.

Results: The caregiver burden was found at a moderate to severe level with the average score of 58.14(12.84). There was a negative correlation between SOC and caregiver burden (r = -0.655, P<0.05), a positive correlation between SOC and emotion-focused coping strategies (r = 0.397, P<0.05), and a negative correlation between SOC and dysfunctional coping strategies (r = -0.513, P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between SOC and problem-focused coping strategies. The relationship between SOC and caregiver burden was partially mediated by emotion-focused strategies and dysfunctional coping strategies.

Conclusion: Significant relationship was found that SOC correlated with caregiver burden; To some extent, emotion-focused and dysfunctional coping strategies moderated the relationship between SOC and caregiver burden. Future interventions could focus on adapting and optimizing the coping behaviors of informal caregivers, using mediating mechanisms as entry points, with the aim of achieving more precise and effective care support.

Background: Research has demonstrated a significant association between cross-generational coalitions and children's emotional well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, and prior studies have predominantly treated cross-generational coalitions as a singular construct, neglecting the varied impacts and pathways of different types of cross-generational coalitions on college students' depression.

Purpose: Grounded in family systems theory, this study investigates the relationships and distinct underlying mechanisms linking three forms of cross-generational coalitions (coalition with fathers, coalition with mothers, and unstable coalition) to depression among college students, focusing on the chain mediating roles of self-differentiation and interpersonal adaptation.

Methods: A total of 493 Chinese college students aged 17-25 years (55.2% male) completed anonymous questionnaires. The PROCESS macro Model 6 and bootstrap methods were employed to analyze the chain mediating effects of self-differentiation and interpersonal adaptation between cross-generational coalitions and college students' depression.

Results: Each type of cross-generational coalition exhibited a significant indirect association with depression via the chain mediation of self-differentiation and interpersonal adaptation. Moreover, while all coalition types impacted college students' depression through the mediating effect of self-differentiation, only stable coalition with fathers influenced depression through the mediating effect of interpersonal adaptation.

Conclusion: This study highlights that three types of cross-generational coalitions can affect college students' depression through the chain mediation of self-differentiation and interpersonal adaptation. Notably, in comparison to coalition with mothers and unstable coalitions, coalition with fathers reveal distinct indirect pathways influencing depression. The study revealed the differential impacts of father-child and mother-child coalitions in a collectivist society, which significantly extend Bowenian family systems theory and attachment theory by elucidating the nuanced pathways through which cross-generational coalitions influence depression in college students. These findings deepen our understanding of how various forms of cross-generational coalitions serve as familial factors impacting the emotional well-being of Chinese college students.

Purpose: Although the linkage between cognitive biases and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between cognitive biases and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in a non-clinical adolescent sample (aged 14-19 years).

Methods: PLEs were measured using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15), cognitive biases were assessed with the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-42 (DACOBS-42), depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and exposure to childhood traumatic life events was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). A network analysis was conducted to examine the interrelationships between these variables.

Results: The most central nodes in the network were the cognitive bias items "belief inflexibility", "safety behaviors", and "subjective cognitive problems". Shortest path analyses revealed that depressive symptoms played a significant mediating role between cognitive biases and PLEs. Specifically, the shortest pathways from cognitive biases item "subjective cognitive problems" to PLEs items P7 (subjective cognitive problems), P8 (thought own), and P11 (control force) involved depressive symptoms, including items related to "guilt", "concentration", "motor", and " suicide".

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the central role of cognitive distortions and emotional symptoms within the psychosis-risk network. Depressive symptom nodes serve as critical mediators between subjective cognitive problems and PLEs, underscoring their pivotal function in driving the development of PLEs among adolescents with cognitive biases. These results suggest a tight interconnection between emotional and cognitive processes in psychosis vulnerability, emphasizing the need for integrated interventions targeting both domains.

Purpose: Family economic adversity is important for predicting mental health. Stress process theory elucidates how stressors, particularly in the socioeconomic domain, impair health and well-being. Resilience theory further identifies various mediating and counteractive factors in the stress-coping process. Previous literature has primarily focused on the psychological aspect of resilience, neglecting the importance of financial coping capabilities and resources. As a specific financial capability for coping with emergencies and crises, financial resilience is perceived to improve health and well-being. However, the roles of financial resilience in family processes from economic adversity to mental health and how these paths are relevant to different populations have been understudied, particularly regarding outcomes like psychological distress, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction.

Methods: This study used data from the China Family Panel Studies with a sample of 3,710 household heads to conduct path analyses to examine the roles of financial resilience between family economic adversity and mental health. Multi-group analyses were used to explore population heterogeneity in the proposed model.

Results: The full sample results reveal that financial resilience significantly mediated the effects of family economic adversity on psychological distress, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction after controlling for socioeconomic covariates in income, education, employment, and subjective socioeconomic status. The model applied to different sexes, migrant status subgroups, residence region subgroups, and younger generations, while showing nonsignificant results amongst older adults over 65.

Conclusion: This study enriches mainstream psychological theories of resilience in stress-health nexuses and family processes by providing novel evidence of financial resilience. It provides practical implications for socioeconomic empowerment and health promotion in the face of adversity and uncertainty. Future research is suggested to explore unique population subgroups in health and family economic issues.

Background: To explore the prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxious symptoms among adolescents in China, focusing on regional disparities, cognitive function, psychological resilience, and family functioning.

Methods: A total of 39854 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, participated in this survey. Data were collected using SoJump software between January 8 and January 25, 2023. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7, Cognitive Deficits Questionnaire-5, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, and Family APGAR Questionnaire were completed. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression, were conducted to explore the relationships between variables.

Results: Significant regional differences were observed in depression (6.16 ± 6.16 versus [vs] 5.18 ± 5.77; P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (4.15 ± 5.18 vs 3.34 ± 4.82, P < 0.001), with adolescents in the western regions exhibiting higher scores. Depressive symptoms were positively correlated with cognitive function (r = 0.577, P < 0.05), as were anxious symptoms (r = 0.533, P < 0.05). Both depressive (r = -0.339, P < 0.05) and anxious symptoms (r = -0.321, P < 0.05) were negatively correlated with psychological resilience, as well as with family functioning (r = -0.302 and r = -0.284, respectively; P < 0.05). In addition, compared to adolescents who lived with their parents, those who lived with others had more severe depressive and anxious symptoms.

Conclusion: Our study revealed significant regional disparities in depressive and anxious symptoms among Chinese adolescents, with higher levels observed in Western China. Cognitive function showed a positive association, while psychological resilience and family functioning were negatively linked to these symptoms. By comprehending and targeting these factors through specific interventions and policies, we can ease the mental health burden on this vulnerable population.

Background: Anxiety disorders have been a challenging problem across all age groups, especially for college students, and they can have detrimental effects on students' academic performance, especially for English learning. However, the underlying mechanisms about the association between anxiety disorders and English writing performance remain undetermined. Based on theoretical and empirical researches, this study develops a chain mediating model to test whether learning motivation and metacognitive strategies mediate the relationship between anxiety disorders and English academic writing performance among college students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample consisting of 2804 college students was carried out. They all completed a self-report questionnaire with demographic information, anxiety disorders, learning motivation, metacognitive strategies and English academic writing performance. SPSS26 and Mplus8.3 were used to analyze the data.

Results: Anxiety disorders were found to negatively predict English academic writing performance, as well as learning motivation and metacognitive strategies. Both learning motivation and metacognitive strategies mediated the relationship between anxiety disorders and English academic writing performance, separately. Moreover, learning motivation and metacognitive strategies together had a chain mediating effect on this relationship.

Conclusion: Anxiety disorders take a toll on learning motivation and metacognitive strategies, which can eventually lead to poorer English academic writing performance. These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential pathway of how anxiety disorders influence English academic writing performance and provide practical implications for the prevention and intervention of mental health among college students.