Psychology Research and Behavior Management最新文献

Background: Perfectionism is a pivotal factor in the etiology and prognosis of major depression. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of longitudinal research examining the association between perfectionism and major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to explore the impact of perfectionism on MDD among a cohort of first-year Chinese university students.

Methods: This study employed a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and MDD in a sample of first-year Chinese university students (n=8079). Socially prescribed perfectionism and almost perfectionism were measured using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), while MDD was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0). Random effects logistic regression modeling was utilized to estimate the associations between the variables.

Results: The findings revealed that the incidence of MDD was 0.6%. Lifetime exposure to severe traumatic events (≥10) (OR=2.619, 95% CI: 1.502-4.565) and almost perfectionism (OR=1.015, 95% CI: 1.004-1.026) were identified as significant risk factors for MDD.

Conclusion: It is evident that perfectionism is linked to an increased susceptibility to MDD. However, additional longitudinal studies focusing on university students are imperative to delve deeper into the influence of perfectionism on the initial manifestation of MDD.

Purpose: To examine the influence of learning adjustment dimensions (motivation, attitude, ability, teaching pattern, and environment) on depressive symptoms in Chinese nursing freshmen, and the mediating role of psychological capital.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 471 nursing freshmen at a university in May 2024. The anonymous self-reported questionnaire included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Learning Adjustment Questionnaire, and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0 and PROCESS v4.1 macro, including correlation and mediation analysis.

Results: Learning adjustment had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms among nursing freshmen (β = -0.565, p <0.001), and psychological capital partially mediated this relationship (β= -0.156, 95% Boot CI [-0.107, -0.135]), suggesting psychological capital explains part of the link between poor learning adjustment and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion: More attention should be paid to the mental health issues of freshmen. Addressing learning adjustment issues and fostering psychological capital among nursing freshmen may alleviate depressive symptoms, which will require relevant educational interventions and mental health support from university educators and counselors.

Background: China has the highest incidence of stroke worldwide because of a high rate of recurrence of ischemic stroke, which has significant negative impacts on the physical and mental health of patients. However, little research has been devoted to the psychological capital of ischemic stroke patients.

Purpose: To investigate the psychological capital of ischemic stroke patients, and uses latent profile analysis to identify the potential profiles of the psychological capital among patients as well as to explore heterogeneity within subgroups and the factors influencing it.

Methods: A survey was distributed among and completed by 427 ischemic stroke patients from November 2023 to March 2024. Four types of questionnaires were administered: the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-26), Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and a general information questionnaire.

Results: Three latent profiles of the psychological capital of ischemic stroke patients were identified: the deficient psychological capital group(19.7%), medium psychological capital group(52.5%), and affluent psychological capital group(27.9%). Compared with the deficient psychological capital group, the results of a disordered multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the participants of the medium psychological capital group were their marital status (married OR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.163-7.468, p = 0.023), perceived stress (OR = -0.2, 95% CI: 0.769-0.872, p < 0.001), and insomnia (OR = -0.273, 95% CI: 0.696-0.833, p < 0.001). The factors influencing the affluent psychological capital group were perceived stress (OR = -0.334, 95% CI: 0.664-0.773, p < 0.001) and insomnia (OR = -0.46, 95% CI: 0.56-0.712, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Three potential categories of psychological capital in ischemic stroke patients were identified. Sex, marital status, education, perceived stress, and insomnia were found to be associated with psychological capital in stroke patients. Future research should explore other determinants of psychological capital in ischemic stroke patients to formulate interventions that can improve their psychological capital.

This review aims to raise awareness about the prevalence and impact of pediatric anxiety, emphasizing the need for clinician education in primary care and mental health settings. Early detection and management of pediatric anxiety can be achieved through the development and implementation of standardized screening protocols. Our goal is to positively improve the outcomes of pediatric patients suffering from anxiety by improving the awareness and knowledge of clinicians in primary and mental health care settings. This review provides evidence-based recommendations to refine clinical approaches, ultimately contributing to healthier, more resilient future generations.

Purpose: Exploring the mechanisms of fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and self-esteem between family functioning and social avoidance and distress (SAD) to inform the promotion of social functioning in people with strabismus.

Patients and methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 249 strabismus patients attending a tertiary-level ophthalmology hospital in Wenzhou City from July 2023 to February 2024. The Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and Family APGAR Index Questionnaire were utilized to assess levels of social avoidance and distress, self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation, and family functioning. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to explore the sequential mediating role of FNE and self-esteem in the relationship between family functioning and SAD.

Results: Family functioning negatively predicted SAD directly (β=-0.14, P<0.01). Additionally, family functioning predicted FNE (β=-0.19, P<0.01) and self-esteem (β=0.41, P<0.01). FNE positively predicted SAD (β=-0.38, P<0.01) and negatively predicted self-esteem (β=-0.22, P<0.01). Moreover, self-esteem negatively predicted SAD (β=-0.33, P<0.01). FNE and self-esteem mediated the relationship between family functioning and SAD, with a combined mediating effect of -0.249, explaining 63.52% of the total variance.

Conclusion: This study examined how FNE and self-esteem affect the link between family functioning and SAD in patients with strabismus. These findings complement our understanding of SAD mechanisms in strabismus patients, encompassing familial, cognitive, and emotional perspectives, and offer theoretical insights for enhancing social functioning in this population.

Purpose: Previous research points to a complex relation between social media use and mental health, with open questions remaining with respect to mediation pathways and potential sociodemographic moderators. The present research investigated the extent to which experiences of cyberbullying victimization mediate the link between greater social media use and poorer mental health in adults and whether such indirect effects are moderated by gender or age.

Participants and methods: As part of a larger study, US adults (N = 502) completed an online survey that included measures of degree of social media use, cyberbullying victimization, depression, anxiety, substance use, and sociodemographic characteristics including gender and age.

Results: A series of moderated mediation models revealed a robust indirect effect of cyberbullying victimization on the relation between degree of social media use and mental health, such that greater social media use was associated with higher levels of cyberbullying victimization and greater cyberbullying victimization was associated with increased depression, anxiety, and likelihood of substance use. There was no evidence that the mediation effects varied between men and women. Age did, however, moderate the mediation effects for anxiety and likelihood of substance use, with stronger mediation effects emerging for younger compared to older adults.

Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of empirical investigations that shed a more nuanced light on the complex relation between social media and mental health.

Background: COVID-19 threatened global health, however little is known about the long-term courses of loneliness and their effect on mental health in adolescents. This study aimed to explore the trajectories of loneliness among adolescents in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China, during the last phase of the pandemic. We also aimed to identify risk factors in each loneliness course and the impact of loneliness on emotional problems, peer problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems.

Methods: The study employed multistage cluster sampling to collect four waves of data from 2347 Chinese adolescents (average baseline age of 14.7 years) covering a period of 20 months (October 2021 - May 2023). The UCLA 3-Item Loneliness Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were utilized to assess loneliness and mental health problems, respectively. Growth mixture modelling was employed to identify latent classes of loneliness trajectories. Associated risk factors were investigated using multinomial logistic regression model. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were constructed to examine the long-term impact of loneliness classes on mental health outcomes.

Results: The overall percentage of loneliness increased from 22.9% at baseline to 32.2% at the fourth wave in our sample. Three classes of loneliness were identified: Decreasing Low Loneliness (58.71%), Increasing Medium Loneliness (36.52%), and Increasing High Loneliness (4.77%). Risk factors for poorer loneliness trajectories included lack of physical exercise habits, poorer mental health literacy, medium or low perceived social support, having study difficulties, being female, higher grades, and lower economic status. Loneliness classes were associated with the severity and variability of emotional problems, peer problems, hyperactivity and conduct problems (ORs for the highest loneliness class: 10.24, 4.21, 3.87, 2.68, respectively). Individuals in the higher loneliness classes experienced a significant increase in these mental health problems over time (p < 0.05 for interactions between loneliness classes and time).

Conclusion: During the last phase of the pandemic, a large proportion of adolescents in our study endured medium to high levels of loneliness with no signs of improvement. Both unfavorable loneliness trajectories adversely affected internalizing and externalizing problems and displayed an upward trend in these difficulties. Results highlight the importance of tackling loneliness and improving mental health in adolescents.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the behavioral changes in the core features and challenging behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 Omicron wave (from December 2022 to January 2023) in China.

Patients and methods: A total of 515 caregivers of children with ASD completed an online survey. This survey was designed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their caregivers, the clinical features of COVID-19, the manifestation of core ASD features and challenging behaviors, and the alterations in daily life following the COVID-19 Omicron variant wave.

Results: The children with ASD had an average age of 5.4 years, with 79.6% being male. After the Omicron wave, the proportions of participants with worsening core ASD features and challenging behaviors were 22.9% and 37.1%, respectively. Sleep disorders (20.0%), eating problems (18.6%), and inattentive symptoms (17.5%) were the most frequently reported worsening behaviors. The factors associated with the worsening of core ASD features included infection with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, reduced outdoor activity, and a lower score of caregiver health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The worsening of challenging behaviors was associated with infection with the Omicron variant of COVID-19, a lower frequency of rehabilitation training, and a lower score of HRQoL.

Conclusion: The outbreak of the COVID-19 Omicron variant had an impact on the behaviors of autistic children. The behavior changes in core ASD features and challenging behaviors differed and were associated with COVID-19 infection and other factors.

Purpose: Our aim is to construct a moderated mediation model for investigating the effect of interparental conflict on social anxiety, the potential mediating role of psychological resilience, the moderating effect of perceived social support on this association, and the gender difference among Chinese college students.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1343 Chinese college students from Anhui Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, and Henan Province, China, in March 2024. Pearson correlation, mediation effects analyses, and multiple-group comparison were conducted.

Results: (1) Interparental conflict and social anxiety varied significantly with gender, while the interparental conflict (t = -3.998, p < 0.001) and social anxiety (t = -4.644, p < 0.001) in the female group were significantly more severe than in the male group. However, there was no significant difference in interparental conflict and social anxiety between different grades (p > 0.05); (2) Interparental conflict positively predicts social anxiety; (3) The relationship between interparental conflict and social anxiety is mediated by psychological resilience; (4) The relationship between interparental conflict and psychological resilience is moderated by perceived social support; (5) The mediating effect was found only in women, but the moderating effect was no gender difference.

Conclusion: It is crucial to recognize and cultivate the psychological resilience of college students and to provide them with appropriate high social support. This is conducive to alleviating the social anxiety suffered by college students and promote their psycho-social well-being.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious mental health problem among adolescents and young adults. Childhood trauma is a distal factor for NSSI and can also lead to cognitive abnormalities and maladaptive emotion regulation during the growth and development of individuals. However, it is unclear how childhood trauma and cognitive-emotional factors interact with NSSI.

Objective: This study investigated the roles of childhood trauma and cognitive-emotional factors in NSSI among Chinese college students using network analysis.

Methods: A total of 999 students from a university in central China were included in this study. Network analysis was used to examine the interrelationships between the frequency of NSSI thoughts and behaviors, childhood trauma subtypes (measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form), and cognitive-emotional factors such as early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) (measured using the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form), core self-evaluation (measured using the Core Self-Evaluations Scale), and emotion regulation (ER) strategies (measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire). Structural equation modeling was used to further explore the role of the nodes most closely related to NSSI in the network analysis.

Results: Emotional abuse and disconnection/rejection EMS are found to be directly related to NSSI thoughts (edge weight = 0.16 and 0.08, respectively). Disconnection/rejection EMS partially mediated (28.64%) the relationship between emotional abuse and NSSI thoughts, with a higher level of expression suppression corresponding to a greater positive relationship between emotional abuse and the disconnection/rejection EMS (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Our findings were in line with the cognitive-emotional model of NSSI, highlighting the importance of NSSI prevention in identifying risk groups who experienced emotional abuse in childhood and tended to use expressive suppression as an ER strategy.