Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-895
Mahmoud Radi El-DELFI, S. Safi
Due to the great losses caused by weeds to the crop, it is necessary to continue testing new herbicides that may be more efficient than the herbicides used that can reduce competition between weeds and crops, Therefore, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya) during the winter season of 2021-22 in order to evaluate the efficiency of the herbicide H-199 and compare it with some herbicides used in controlling companion weed to three cultivars of wheat and its effect in the yield and its components. The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement with four replicates, as the cultivars (IPA 99, Sham 6 and Rasheed) represented the main plots, while the herbicides (H-199, Chevalier, Pallas, Atlantis, and weedy treatment) represented the sub-plots. The results showed the superiority of Pallas by giving the best results, it gave the lowest weed density after 30, 60 and 90 days of application the herbicide, which amounted to 0.2, 4.3 and 0.2 plants/m2, respectively, and the highest weed control percentage amounted to 99.85%, compared with the control treatment, which gave the highest weed density (116.3, 171.0 and 168.7 plants/m2) and the lowest weed control percentage (0.00%), which was reflected in the yield components. Pallas gave the highest number of spikes, the highest number of grains per spike, the highest grain yield, and the highest harvest index, which reached 314.6 spikes/m2, 55.99 grains/spike, 4.597 t/ha and 32.08%, respectively, compared with the weedy that gave the lowest number of spikes (122.7 spikes/m2), the lowest number of grains per spike (33.87 grains/spike), the lowest grain yield (0.937 t/ha) and the lowest harvest index (19.69%). Moreover, Atlantis gave the highest weight of 1000 grains, which was 26.35 g, compared with the weedy treatment. which gave the lowest weight of 1000 grains (22.80 g), The results also showed the superiority of the Sham 6 cultivar, as it gave the lowest weed density, the highest number of spikes, the highest weight of 1000 grains, the highest grain yield and the highest harvest index. We conclude that Pallas and Sham 6 (cultivar) recorded the best results.
{"title":"Evaluating newer herbicides on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Central Iraq","authors":"Mahmoud Radi El-DELFI, S. Safi","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-895","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the great losses caused by weeds to the crop, it is necessary to continue testing new herbicides that may be more efficient than the herbicides used that can reduce competition between weeds and crops, Therefore, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya) during the winter season of 2021-22 in order to evaluate the efficiency of the herbicide H-199 and compare it with some herbicides used in controlling companion weed to three cultivars of wheat and its effect in the yield and its components. The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement with four replicates, as the cultivars (IPA 99, Sham 6 and Rasheed) represented the main plots, while the herbicides (H-199, Chevalier, Pallas, Atlantis, and weedy treatment) represented the sub-plots. The results showed the superiority of Pallas by giving the best results, it gave the lowest weed density after 30, 60 and 90 days of application the herbicide, which amounted to 0.2, 4.3 and 0.2 plants/m2, respectively, and the highest weed control percentage amounted to 99.85%, compared with the control treatment, which gave the highest weed density (116.3, 171.0 and 168.7 plants/m2) and the lowest weed control percentage (0.00%), which was reflected in the yield components. Pallas gave the highest number of spikes, the highest number of grains per spike, the highest grain yield, and the highest harvest index, which reached 314.6 spikes/m2, 55.99 grains/spike, 4.597 t/ha and 32.08%, respectively, compared with the weedy that gave the lowest number of spikes (122.7 spikes/m2), the lowest number of grains per spike (33.87 grains/spike), the lowest grain yield (0.937 t/ha) and the lowest harvest index (19.69%). Moreover, Atlantis gave the highest weight of 1000 grains, which was 26.35 g, compared with the weedy treatment. which gave the lowest weight of 1000 grains (22.80 g), The results also showed the superiority of the Sham 6 cultivar, as it gave the lowest weed density, the highest number of spikes, the highest weight of 1000 grains, the highest grain yield and the highest harvest index. We conclude that Pallas and Sham 6 (cultivar) recorded the best results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-875
Yayan Sumekar, D. Widayat, U. Umiyati
One of the efforts to increase sweet corn productivity is to suppress weed growth by using herbicides combined with organic matter. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of the herbicide atrazine on weed growth, growth and yield of corn plants given different doses of organic C. The experimental design used was divided plot design with three main plots of organic fertilizer levels and six subplots of herbicides which were replicated thrice. The main plot factor was the C-organic content consisting of low (1.02%), medium (2.50%) and high (3.50%). The second factor was the dose of the herbicide atrazine, which consisted of six levels of treatment, namely, no herbicide, atrazine herbicide doses of 1, 1,4, 1,8, 2.2 and 2.6 kg/ha. The results showed that the combination of atrazine at a dose of 1.4-2.6 kg/ha with organic C content was effective in controlling Ageratum conyzoides, Panicum repens and Paspalum conjugatum weeds. Atrazine herbicide treatment at a dose of 2.2 kg/ha affected the length of the cob, the weight of the cob without the cob, the yield of plots and the yield per hectare.
{"title":"Interdependence of effects between soil organic matter content and atrazine herbicide on weeds and sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) yields","authors":"Yayan Sumekar, D. Widayat, U. Umiyati","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-875","url":null,"abstract":"One of the efforts to increase sweet corn productivity is to suppress weed growth by using herbicides combined with organic matter. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of the herbicide atrazine on weed growth, growth and yield of corn plants given different doses of organic C. The experimental design used was divided plot design with three main plots of organic fertilizer levels and six subplots of herbicides which were replicated thrice. The main plot factor was the C-organic content consisting of low (1.02%), medium (2.50%) and high (3.50%). The second factor was the dose of the herbicide atrazine, which consisted of six levels of treatment, namely, no herbicide, atrazine herbicide doses of 1, 1,4, 1,8, 2.2 and 2.6 kg/ha. The results showed that the combination of atrazine at a dose of 1.4-2.6 kg/ha with organic C content was effective in controlling Ageratum conyzoides, Panicum repens and Paspalum conjugatum weeds. Atrazine herbicide treatment at a dose of 2.2 kg/ha affected the length of the cob, the weight of the cob without the cob, the yield of plots and the yield per hectare.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.cr-870
E. P. Sukhareva, A. Belikina
For efficient grain production in arid climate, producers need a choice of winter crop varieties. For this purpose, an ecological test of varieties of winter wheat and winter barley was carried out on experimental fields typical for the climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region of Russia. Plots with experimental crops, with an area of 10 m2, were located by the method of successive repetitions in 3-fold repetition. By the ecological test, varieties of winter crops of various originators were sown, according to the predecessor - black fallow, with seeds with a field germination rate of 90-95%, with a seeding rate of 3.5 million pcs. ha, to a depth of 5-6 cm. There were 16 varieties of winter wheat in the test, Don 93 served as the standard variety. Five varieties of winter barley were tested, the standard variety was Volzhsky 1. The obtained results of the yield of varieties were processed by analysis of variance to assess their yield. It has been established that in the technological process of production of grain of winter crops, the value of the variety is significant and has a share of 72.4%, the remaining factors of production account for 27.5%. The leader in terms of winter wheat yield (8.5 t/ha) was the Tarasovskaya variety. The lowest yield in the test was in the Governor of the Don variety 5.7 t/ha. High yield of winter wheat in the variety of local selection Kamyshanka 3 was 8.1 t/ha. The maximum biological yield of 6.4 t/ha was obtained for the winter barley variety Buran, mainly due to the larger number of productive shoots 440 pcs/m2 and the largest grain mass per spike 1.46 g variety Voskhod 4.9 t/ha.
{"title":"Evaluating winter grain crops varieties suitable for the Lower Volga region of Russia","authors":"E. P. Sukhareva, A. Belikina","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.cr-870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.cr-870","url":null,"abstract":"For efficient grain production in arid climate, producers need a choice of winter crop varieties. For this purpose, an ecological test of varieties of winter wheat and winter barley was carried out on experimental fields typical for the climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region of Russia. Plots with experimental crops, with an area of 10 m2, were located by the method of successive repetitions in 3-fold repetition. By the ecological test, varieties of winter crops of various originators were sown, according to the predecessor - black fallow, with seeds with a field germination rate of 90-95%, with a seeding rate of 3.5 million pcs. ha, to a depth of 5-6 cm. There were 16 varieties of winter wheat in the test, Don 93 served as the standard variety. Five varieties of winter barley were tested, the standard variety was Volzhsky 1. The obtained results of the yield of varieties were processed by analysis of variance to assess their yield. It has been established that in the technological process of production of grain of winter crops, the value of the variety is significant and has a share of 72.4%, the remaining factors of production account for 27.5%. The leader in terms of winter wheat yield (8.5 t/ha) was the Tarasovskaya variety. The lowest yield in the test was in the Governor of the Don variety 5.7 t/ha. High yield of winter wheat in the variety of local selection Kamyshanka 3 was 8.1 t/ha. The maximum biological yield of 6.4 t/ha was obtained for the winter barley variety Buran, mainly due to the larger number of productive shoots 440 pcs/m2 and the largest grain mass per spike 1.46 g variety Voskhod 4.9 t/ha.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-831
K. G. Maleka, P. Mashela, K. Pofu
Root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematode population densities on various crops, including sweet sorghum, were consistently decreased by three triterpenoid phytonematicides that are currently available as Nemarioc-AL, Nemafric-BL and Mordica. These compounds have chemically different active ingredients. The interaction between triterpenoid phytonematicides and the accumulation of nutrients in plant leaf tissues has not yet been studied, with the exception of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of triterpenoid phytonematicides on accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum under microplot conditions in Limpopo Province, South Africa during 2020 and 2021. Nemarioc-AL, Nemafric-BL and Mordica were laid in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, respectively. The test treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with eight replications, conducted on artificial microplots containing steam pasteurized soil. At 150 days after inoculation, the second order interaction (Nemarioc-AL × Nemafric-BL × Mordica) significantly (P=0.05) increased accumulation of Ca, K and Mg in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum, but without affecting P, Fe, Na and Zn. Relative to untreated control, second order interaction increased Ca, K and Mg by 206, 164 and 289%, respectively. In accordance with the density-dependent growth principles of entities exposed to allelochemicals, soil-drenched administration of triterpenoid phytonematicides dramatically modified the accumulation of nutritional components in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum.
{"title":"Response of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to interactive effects of soil-drenched triterpenoid phytonematicides","authors":"K. G. Maleka, P. Mashela, K. Pofu","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-831","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematode population densities on various crops, including sweet sorghum, were consistently decreased by three triterpenoid phytonematicides that are currently available as Nemarioc-AL, Nemafric-BL and Mordica. These compounds have chemically different active ingredients. The interaction between triterpenoid phytonematicides and the accumulation of nutrients in plant leaf tissues has not yet been studied, with the exception of Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of triterpenoid phytonematicides on accumulation of nutrient elements in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum under microplot conditions in Limpopo Province, South Africa during 2020 and 2021. Nemarioc-AL, Nemafric-BL and Mordica were laid in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, respectively. The test treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, with eight replications, conducted on artificial microplots containing steam pasteurized soil. At 150 days after inoculation, the second order interaction (Nemarioc-AL × Nemafric-BL × Mordica) significantly (P=0.05) increased accumulation of Ca, K and Mg in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum, but without affecting P, Fe, Na and Zn. Relative to untreated control, second order interaction increased Ca, K and Mg by 206, 164 and 289%, respectively. In accordance with the density-dependent growth principles of entities exposed to allelochemicals, soil-drenched administration of triterpenoid phytonematicides dramatically modified the accumulation of nutritional components in leaf tissues of sweet sorghum.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44324972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-11158
M. Devi, S. Chaudhry, R. K. Yadav, G. Yadav
Soil sodicity leads to land deterioration that strongly alters the soil properties and consequently crop productivity. Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is another emerging challenge. Combined use of MSW compost enriched with sulphur and gypsum can provide a convincing solution for ameliorating sodic soils and sustaining crop productivity. In this context, a controlled condition study was carried out on composting of MSW alone and its enrichment with elemental sulphur and gypsum followed by evaluation of the efficiency of MSW compost and products of its enrichment for amelioration of sodic soil. A pot experiment was conducted during 2019-20 to 2020-21 at Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India on two levels of soil sodicity, namely, highly sodic soil with pH2 of 10.09 and moderate sodic soil with pH2 of 8.72 to evaluate the efficacy of sulphur and gypsum enriched MSW compost on sodic soil reclamation and sustainable yield production of wheat. Four treatments (MSW+ES, MSW+ES+G, MSW+G and MSW compost alone) were applied in different doses in sodic soils under consideration. MSW+ES and MSW+ES+G significantly reduced the soil pH2 up to 13.5 and 13.3%, respectively, Na+ up to 32 and 30% and enhanced grain yield about 44 and 37.2%, respectively, as compared to control (non-amended soil). Out of all amended doses, D3 (@300 g/15 kg soil) was found most effective in reducing pH2 and Na+ about 13.8 and 30.6% respectively. This study has proved that MSW enriched with sulphur can be used as an effective solution for improving soil physico-chemical properties and crop productivity of sodic soil.
{"title":"Influence of sulphur and gypsum enriched municipal solid waste compost on sodicity reclamation and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"M. Devi, S. Chaudhry, R. K. Yadav, G. Yadav","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-11158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-11158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Soil sodicity leads to land deterioration that strongly alters the soil properties and consequently crop productivity. Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is another emerging challenge. Combined use of MSW compost enriched with sulphur and gypsum can provide a convincing solution for ameliorating sodic soils and sustaining crop productivity. In this context, a controlled condition study was carried out on composting of MSW alone and its enrichment with elemental sulphur and gypsum followed by evaluation of the efficiency of MSW compost and products of its enrichment for amelioration of sodic soil. A pot experiment was conducted during 2019-20 to 2020-21 at Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India on two levels of soil sodicity, namely, highly sodic soil with pH2 of 10.09 and moderate sodic soil with pH2 of 8.72 to evaluate the efficacy of sulphur and gypsum enriched MSW compost on sodic soil reclamation and sustainable yield production of wheat. Four treatments (MSW+ES, MSW+ES+G, MSW+G and MSW compost alone) were applied in different doses in sodic soils under consideration. MSW+ES and MSW+ES+G significantly reduced the soil pH2 up to 13.5 and 13.3%, respectively, Na+ up to 32 and 30% and enhanced grain yield about 44 and 37.2%, respectively, as compared to control (non-amended soil). Out of all amended doses, D3 (@300 g/15 kg soil) was found most effective in reducing pH2 and Na+ about 13.8 and 30.6% respectively. This study has proved that MSW enriched with sulphur can be used as an effective solution for improving soil physico-chemical properties and crop productivity of sodic soil.","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44023650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-892
Z. Amangeldikyzy, K. Galymbek, Mady Gabdulov, Nurgul Amangeldi, A. Irkitbay, G. Suleimanova, Z. Sapakhova
Stem rust disease is widespread in the wheat-growing regions of Kazakhstan. Despite a large number of studies, the protection of wheat from the pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is considered one of the crucial problems. Chemical control has almost no impact on this disease and no exact result. The only effective way to control this disease is to cultivate resistant varieties and lines. Currently, 60 Sr resistance genes are known. Among them, Sr2, Sr22, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr36, and Sr39 gene sources are efficient at stem rust disease in different conditions of Kazakhstan. The molecular markers Xgwm533, CFA2019, PSY-E1, wPt-7004, Xgwm319 and Sr39#50 linked to Sr2, Sr22, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr36 and Sr39 were used, respectively. As a result of PCR analysis, the Sr2 gene was identified in six lines out of 16 lines, namely, GA951395-10-7/WX98D011-U38, Select, GA961565-27-6/KS99U673, GA961662-1-7/TAM107, VA01W-283/WX030513 and Sonalika. Five wheat lines were found as carriers of the Sr22 gene: Line c-19SB, Lutescens 7-04-4, Lutescens 220-03-45, GA961662-1-7/TAM107 and Line D 25 77. There are three lines that are carriers of Sr25/Lr19 gene sources, namely, Lutescens 220-03-45, Advance, and Line D 25 77. The Sr28 gene was identified in four wheat genotypes (GA951395-10-7/WX98D011-U38, Select, Advance and VA01W-283/WX03ASHTS0513) and the positive control W2691Sr2Bkt. An expected fragment (170 bp) for Xgwm319 properly for Sr36 gene was identified in four lines (GA951395-10-7/WX98D011-U38, Advance, VA01W-283/WX03ASHTS0513, GA961662-1-7/TAM107). The 10 wheat varieties were identified using primers Sr39 # 50R/F (Line C-19SB, Omskaya 37, Lutescens 7-04-4, Lutescens 220-03-45, Select, GA951395-10-7 / WX98D011-U38, Advance, GA961662-1-7 / TAM107’, VA01W-283/WX03ASHTS0513 and Line D 25 77). The studied sources of resistance can be used in breeding programs to create varieties of common wheat with durable resistance to stem rust.
{"title":"Identification of new sources of wheat stem rust resistance genes","authors":"Z. Amangeldikyzy, K. Galymbek, Mady Gabdulov, Nurgul Amangeldi, A. Irkitbay, G. Suleimanova, Z. Sapakhova","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-892","url":null,"abstract":"Stem rust disease is widespread in the wheat-growing regions of Kazakhstan. Despite a large number of studies, the protection of wheat from the pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is considered one of the crucial problems. Chemical control has almost no impact on this disease and no exact result. The only effective way to control this disease is to cultivate resistant varieties and lines. Currently, 60 Sr resistance genes are known. Among them, Sr2, Sr22, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr36, and Sr39 gene sources are efficient at stem rust disease in different conditions of Kazakhstan. The molecular markers Xgwm533, CFA2019, PSY-E1, wPt-7004, Xgwm319 and Sr39#50 linked to Sr2, Sr22, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr36 and Sr39 were used, respectively. As a result of PCR analysis, the Sr2 gene was identified in six lines out of 16 lines, namely, GA951395-10-7/WX98D011-U38, Select, GA961565-27-6/KS99U673, GA961662-1-7/TAM107, VA01W-283/WX030513 and Sonalika. Five wheat lines were found as carriers of the Sr22 gene: Line c-19SB, Lutescens 7-04-4, Lutescens 220-03-45, GA961662-1-7/TAM107 and Line D 25 77. There are three lines that are carriers of Sr25/Lr19 gene sources, namely, Lutescens 220-03-45, Advance, and Line D 25 77. The Sr28 gene was identified in four wheat genotypes (GA951395-10-7/WX98D011-U38, Select, Advance and VA01W-283/WX03ASHTS0513) and the positive control W2691Sr2Bkt. An expected fragment (170 bp) for Xgwm319 properly for Sr36 gene was identified in four lines (GA951395-10-7/WX98D011-U38, Advance, VA01W-283/WX03ASHTS0513, GA961662-1-7/TAM107). The 10 wheat varieties were identified using primers Sr39 # 50R/F (Line C-19SB, Omskaya 37, Lutescens 7-04-4, Lutescens 220-03-45, Select, GA951395-10-7 / WX98D011-U38, Advance, GA961662-1-7 / TAM107’, VA01W-283/WX03ASHTS0513 and Line D 25 77). The studied sources of resistance can be used in breeding programs to create varieties of common wheat with durable resistance to stem rust.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46446969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-915
T. Tran, T. Nguyen, D. H. Tran
The panicle rice mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is the most important and destructive mite species attacking rice crop in Vietnam. Field surveys were carried out in Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam during 2021-22 to investigate the seasonal incidence of S. spinki on commonly used rice varieties and the importance of ratoon rice plants and weeds found on paddy fields as possible sources of S. spinki to infest rice plants in next crop seasons. The panicle rice mites were recorded at all growth stages of investigated rice varieties grown during summer-autumn and winter-spring rice seasons. Incidences of S. spinki were more during the summer-autumn season than during the winter-spring season. Among the seven investigated rice varieties, TH5 and HAPHAT3 recorded higher infestation by S. spinki. Ratoon rice plants in the fallow season (Sept.-Dec.) were survival habitats and maintenance of the panicle rice mite between the two rice seasons. Seven weed species, including Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Fimbristylis sp., Eleocharis sp. and Eschaemum rugosum Salisb. were found as alternative hosts and important sources of infestation of S. spinki. Therefore, the removal of ratoon and weed plants during the crop-free seasons is good field practice in integrated pest management for S. spinki in Central Vietnam.
{"title":"Seasonal incidence and source of the panicle rice mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in paddy fields of Central Vietnam","authors":"T. Tran, T. Nguyen, D. H. Tran","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2023.roc-915","url":null,"abstract":"The panicle rice mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley (Acari: Tarsonemidae) is the most important and destructive mite species attacking rice crop in Vietnam. Field surveys were carried out in Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam during 2021-22 to investigate the seasonal incidence of S. spinki on commonly used rice varieties and the importance of ratoon rice plants and weeds found on paddy fields as possible sources of S. spinki to infest rice plants in next crop seasons. The panicle rice mites were recorded at all growth stages of investigated rice varieties grown during summer-autumn and winter-spring rice seasons. Incidences of S. spinki were more during the summer-autumn season than during the winter-spring season. Among the seven investigated rice varieties, TH5 and HAPHAT3 recorded higher infestation by S. spinki. Ratoon rice plants in the fallow season (Sept.-Dec.) were survival habitats and maintenance of the panicle rice mite between the two rice seasons. Seven weed species, including Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Fimbristylis sp., Eleocharis sp. and Eschaemum rugosum Salisb. were found as alternative hosts and important sources of infestation of S. spinki. Therefore, the removal of ratoon and weed plants during the crop-free seasons is good field practice in integrated pest management for S. spinki in Central Vietnam.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46254031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-913
Dinkar J. GAIKWAD2, Nitin B. Ubale, A. Pal, Shweta Singh, M. Ali, S. Maitra
The production of major field crops, namely, rice, wheat, and maize, is highly vulnerable to climatic factors and abiotic stresses. In the present era of climate change, abiotic factors emerged as limiting concerns for flourishing the growth and yield. Among the abiotic factors, temperature, soil moisture, salinity, elevated carbon dioxide levels and solar radiation are the prime concerns for affecting the productivity of major cereals. To combat with the situation, it is necessary to understand the adverse impacts of the abiotic factors on crops with special reference to major cereals. However, adaptation potions are much more important to ensure the agricultural sustainability of major cereals. The available literature reviewed suggested some adaptation options for major cereals to combat the ill effects of abiotic stresses which include the change in variety and crop, manipulation in sowing or transplanting time, adoption of proper nutrient and water management, water conservation measures, adoption of the appropriate crop establishment methods and suitable cropping system. Further, the review article has made some recommendations and future perspectives highlighting the scope of further research for a climate-resilient production of foods for the future considering the adverse effects of the climate change.
{"title":"Abiotic stresses impact on major cereals and adaptation options - A review","authors":"Dinkar J. GAIKWAD2, Nitin B. Ubale, A. Pal, Shweta Singh, M. Ali, S. Maitra","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-913","url":null,"abstract":"The production of major field crops, namely, rice, wheat, and maize, is highly vulnerable to climatic factors and abiotic stresses. In the present era of climate change, abiotic factors emerged as limiting concerns for flourishing the growth and yield. Among the abiotic factors, temperature, soil moisture, salinity, elevated carbon dioxide levels and solar radiation are the prime concerns for affecting the productivity of major cereals. To combat with the situation, it is necessary to understand the adverse impacts of the abiotic factors on crops with special reference to major cereals. However, adaptation potions are much more important to ensure the agricultural sustainability of major cereals. The available literature reviewed suggested some adaptation options for major cereals to combat the ill effects of abiotic stresses which include the change in variety and crop, manipulation in sowing or transplanting time, adoption of proper nutrient and water management, water conservation measures, adoption of the appropriate crop establishment methods and suitable cropping system. Further, the review article has made some recommendations and future perspectives highlighting the scope of further research for a climate-resilient production of foods for the future considering the adverse effects of the climate change.","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-853
N. Minh
Pumpkin is a rich source of beta-carotenoid, a valuable pro-vitamin A known for maintenance of eye vision. Meanwhile jackfruit seed is also rich in carbohydrate however it is considered as waste product and normally discarded during jackfruit processing. The purpose of this research work was to utilize the valuable pumpkin flour as well as the cheap carbohydrate source from jackfruit seed flour in partial replacement with wheat flour to develop bread. The different blending formulations with 100% wheat flour, 90:5:5 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour), 80:10:10 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour), 70:15:15 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour) and 60:20:20 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour) were tested and their effect on the functional properties (moisture uptake ability, bulk density, bloating ratio, loaf climax, loaf dimension and hardness) of bread was investigated. Results showed that increasing the pumpkin flour and jackfruit seed flour incorporation in wheat flour increased the hardness but reduced the moisture uptake ability, bulk density, bloating ratio, loaf climax, and loaf dimension of bread. There was no significant difference between the control bread prepared using 100 % wheat flour in respect of functional properties. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that 5% pumpkin flour and 5% jackfruit seed flour could be successfully supplemented in 90% wheat flour for bread making, while maintaining the the functional properties close to 100% wheat-based bread. Findings of this research facilitated the incorporation of the underutilized and valuable flour-based sources like pumpkin and jackfruit seed in bread making.
{"title":"Functional properties of wheat-based bread affected by pumpkin flour and jackfruit seed flour incorporation ","authors":"N. Minh","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-853","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin is a rich source of beta-carotenoid, a valuable pro-vitamin A known for maintenance of eye vision. Meanwhile jackfruit seed is also rich in carbohydrate however it is considered as waste product and normally discarded during jackfruit processing. The purpose of this research work was to utilize the valuable pumpkin flour as well as the cheap carbohydrate source from jackfruit seed flour in partial replacement with wheat flour to develop bread. The different blending formulations with 100% wheat flour, 90:5:5 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour), 80:10:10 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour), 70:15:15 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour) and 60:20:20 (wheat :pumpkin :jackfruit seed flour) were tested and their effect on the functional properties (moisture uptake ability, bulk density, bloating ratio, loaf climax, loaf dimension and hardness) of bread was investigated. Results showed that increasing the pumpkin flour and jackfruit seed flour incorporation in wheat flour increased the hardness but reduced the moisture uptake ability, bulk density, bloating ratio, loaf climax, and loaf dimension of bread. There was no significant difference between the control bread prepared using 100 % wheat flour in respect of functional properties. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that 5% pumpkin flour and 5% jackfruit seed flour could be successfully supplemented in 90% wheat flour for bread making, while maintaining the the functional properties close to 100% wheat-based bread. Findings of this research facilitated the incorporation of the underutilized and valuable flour-based sources like pumpkin and jackfruit seed in bread making.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42442824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-852
N. Minh
Jambolan (Syzygium cumini L.) fruit contained numerous phytochemical and bioactive constituents beneficial for human health. However, this underutilized fruit was highly susceptible to quality degradation after harvesting. Due to the seasonality and perishability of the jambolan fruit, it’s very necessary to convert this valuable fruit into instant, stable and convenient form for long-term consumption. This research was conducted at STNanotech laboratory in 2021 to evaluate the exploitation of jambolan fruit for juice extraction, spray drying and effervescent tablet production. Different variables of spray drying conditions such as proportion of wall material (maltodextrin 8-16%), inlet/outlet drying temperature (150/80, 160/85, 170/90, 180/95, 190/100 oC/oC), feed flow rate (7.5-17.5 ml/min) were deeply investigated on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of spray-dried jambolan powder (SDJP). In preparation of effervescent tablet, the spray-dried jambolan powder (SDJP) was mixed with sodium bicarbonate (SB) and magnesium stearate (MS) in five different formulas: F1 (65/10/25), F2 (65/5/30), F3 (70/10/20), F4 (65/15/20), F5 (70/15/15). Results showed that jambolan extract should be spray-dried with maltodextrin 14% as wall material (WM), inlet/outlet drying temperature 170/90 oC/oC, feed flow rate (FFR) 12.5 ml/min to obtain the optimal particle size 7.94±0.05 µm, solubility 96.80±0.02%, yield 56.71±0.01%, microencapsulation efficiency (ME) 93.25±0.05%, total phenolic content (TPC) 298.45±0.79 mg GAE/100 g, anthocyanin content (AC) 76.59±0.06 mg/100 g, and antioxidant activity (AA) 85.63±0.04%. The jambolan effervescent tablet produced by formula F2 (65/5/30) achieved the optimal hardness 47.24±0.05 N, disintegration time (DT) 271.05±2.03 s, TPC 201.03±1.28 mg GAE/100 g, AC 40.89±0.30 mg/100 g, AA 73.12±0.24% and overall acceptance (OA) 8.81±0.05. Jambolan fruit could be utilized to produce spray-dried powder and its effervescent tablet as a versatile functional food with excellent physicochemical, antioxidant and sensorial characteristics under safe and convenient way for all year round.
{"title":"Production of effervescent tablet from jambolan (Syzygium cumini L.) fruit","authors":"N. Minh","doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2022.roc-852","url":null,"abstract":"Jambolan (Syzygium cumini L.) fruit contained numerous phytochemical and bioactive constituents beneficial for human health. However, this underutilized fruit was highly susceptible to quality degradation after harvesting. Due to the seasonality and perishability of the jambolan fruit, it’s very necessary to convert this valuable fruit into instant, stable and convenient form for long-term consumption. This research was conducted at STNanotech laboratory in 2021 to evaluate the exploitation of jambolan fruit for juice extraction, spray drying and effervescent tablet production. Different variables of spray drying conditions such as proportion of wall material (maltodextrin 8-16%), inlet/outlet drying temperature (150/80, 160/85, 170/90, 180/95, 190/100 oC/oC), feed flow rate (7.5-17.5 ml/min) were deeply investigated on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of spray-dried jambolan powder (SDJP). In preparation of effervescent tablet, the spray-dried jambolan powder (SDJP) was mixed with sodium bicarbonate (SB) and magnesium stearate (MS) in five different formulas: F1 (65/10/25), F2 (65/5/30), F3 (70/10/20), F4 (65/15/20), F5 (70/15/15). Results showed that jambolan extract should be spray-dried with maltodextrin 14% as wall material (WM), inlet/outlet drying temperature 170/90 oC/oC, feed flow rate (FFR) 12.5 ml/min to obtain the optimal particle size 7.94±0.05 µm, solubility 96.80±0.02%, yield 56.71±0.01%, microencapsulation efficiency (ME) 93.25±0.05%, total phenolic content (TPC) 298.45±0.79 mg GAE/100 g, anthocyanin content (AC) 76.59±0.06 mg/100 g, and antioxidant activity (AA) 85.63±0.04%. The jambolan effervescent tablet produced by formula F2 (65/5/30) achieved the optimal hardness 47.24±0.05 N, disintegration time (DT) 271.05±2.03 s, TPC 201.03±1.28 mg GAE/100 g, AC 40.89±0.30 mg/100 g, AA 73.12±0.24% and overall acceptance (OA) 8.81±0.05. Jambolan fruit could be utilized to produce spray-dried powder and its effervescent tablet as a versatile functional food with excellent physicochemical, antioxidant and sensorial characteristics under safe and convenient way for all year round.\u0000","PeriodicalId":21022,"journal":{"name":"Research on Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42281595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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