首页 > 最新文献

Regulation & Governance最新文献

英文 中文
Policy complexity and implementation performance in the European Union 欧洲联盟的政策复杂性和执行绩效
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12580
Maximilian Haag, Steffen Hurka, Constantin Kaplaner
This study examines the relationship between the complexity of EU directives and their successful implementation at the national level. Moving beyond the state-of-the-art, we propose a comprehensive framework considering structural, linguistic, and relational dimensions of policy complexity. We argue that policy complexity entails higher transaction costs, hindering effective implementation. Using a novel dataset covering roughly 1000 directives from 1994 to 2022, we find strong evidence of policy complexity negatively impacting implementation performance. Moreover, we find that states with higher administrative capacity are better able to process high complexity efficiently and that Eurosceptic member states attract fewer infringement proceedings in highly complex policy environments than Europhile member states. This could alternatively point to strategic enforcement behavior of the Commission or to bureaucracies that are less Eurosceptic than their political masters might wish for. Our study thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges of successful implementation of EU directives.
本研究探讨了欧盟指令的复杂性与其在国家层面的成功实施之间的关系。我们超越了最先进的研究方法,提出了一个考虑到政策复杂性的结构、语言和关系维度的综合框架。我们认为,政策的复杂性会带来更高的交易成本,从而阻碍政策的有效实施。利用一个涵盖 1994 年至 2022 年约 1000 项指令的新数据集,我们发现了政策复杂性对实施绩效产生负面影响的有力证据。此外,我们还发现,行政能力较强的国家更有能力高效处理复杂性较高的问题,在高度复杂的政策环境中,疑欧成员国比亲欧成员国吸引的侵权诉讼更少。这也可能是欧盟委员会的策略性执法行为,或者是官僚机构的欧洲怀疑主义程度低于其政治主子所希望的程度。因此,我们的研究有助于加深对成功实施欧盟指令所面临挑战的理解。
{"title":"Policy complexity and implementation performance in the European Union","authors":"Maximilian Haag, Steffen Hurka, Constantin Kaplaner","doi":"10.1111/rego.12580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12580","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between the complexity of EU directives and their successful implementation at the national level. Moving beyond the state-of-the-art, we propose a comprehensive framework considering structural, linguistic, and relational dimensions of policy complexity. We argue that policy complexity entails higher transaction costs, hindering effective implementation. Using a novel dataset covering roughly 1000 directives from 1994 to 2022, we find strong evidence of policy complexity negatively impacting implementation performance. Moreover, we find that states with higher administrative capacity are better able to process high complexity efficiently and that Eurosceptic member states attract fewer infringement proceedings in highly complex policy environments than Europhile member states. This could alternatively point to strategic enforcement behavior of the Commission or to bureaucracies that are less Eurosceptic than their political masters might wish for. Our study thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges of successful implementation of EU directives.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139573859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Properties of supranational governance structures and policy diffusion: The case of mifepristone approvals 超国家治理结构和政策传播的特性:米非司酮审批案例
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12576
Juan J. Fernández, Pilar Sánchez
Many studies show that supranational governance structures (SGS)—understood as international organizations or international treaties—contribute to the global diffusion of public policies. However, we still have a limited understanding of which properties of SGS hasten the number of policy adoptions. To advance this literature, we argue that SGS making legally binding and univocal claims are more likely to act as diffusion accelerators. We demonstrate the suitability of this argument through a case study of the global diffusion of mifepristone approvals, a single-purpose medicine to terminate pregnancies that has revolutionized abortion services. The analysis supports our expectation. Links to the EU and the Maputo Protocol—the only two considered SGS that make binding claims with clear implications for this policy field—hasten mifepristone approvals. By contrast, ratification of four other treaties—that do not make binding and univocal claims—and exposure to World Health Organization guidelines on medical abortion does not hasten these approvals.
许多研究表明,超国家治理结构(SGS)--可理解为国际组织或国际条约--有助于公共政策在全球的传播。然而,我们对超国家治理结构的哪些特性会加速政策采纳数量的了解仍然有限。为了推动这一文献的发展,我们认为,具有法律约束力和明确主张的 SGS 更有可能成为政策传播的加速器。我们通过对米非司酮批准在全球推广的案例研究来证明这一论点的适用性,米非司酮是一种单一用途的终止妊娠药物,它彻底改变了人工流产服务。分析结果支持了我们的预期。与欧盟和《马普托议定书》--仅有的两个被视为对这一政策领域有明确影响的具有约束力的 SGS--的联系阻碍了米非司酮的批准。相比之下,批准其他四项条约(这些条约没有提出具有约束力的明确主张)以及接触世界卫生组织关于医疗流产的指导方针并不会加快这些批准。
{"title":"Properties of supranational governance structures and policy diffusion: The case of mifepristone approvals","authors":"Juan J. Fernández, Pilar Sánchez","doi":"10.1111/rego.12576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12576","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies show that supranational governance structures (SGS)—understood as international organizations or international treaties—contribute to the global diffusion of public policies. However, we still have a limited understanding of which properties of SGS hasten the number of policy adoptions. To advance this literature, we argue that SGS making legally binding and univocal claims are more likely to act as diffusion accelerators. We demonstrate the suitability of this argument through a case study of the global diffusion of mifepristone approvals, a single-purpose medicine to terminate pregnancies that has revolutionized abortion services. The analysis supports our expectation. Links to the EU and the Maputo Protocol—the only two considered SGS that make binding claims with clear implications for this policy field—hasten mifepristone approvals. By contrast, ratification of four other treaties—that do not make binding and univocal claims—and exposure to World Health Organization guidelines on medical abortion does not hasten these approvals.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multidimensional preference for technology risk regulation: The role of political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures 技术风险监管的多维偏好:政治信仰、技术态度和国家创新文化的作用
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12578
Sebastian Hemesath, Markus Tepe
Building on the concept of participatory regulation, this study emphasizes recognizing the multidimensional character of citizens' risk regulation preferences. Using the case of autonomous vehicles, we specify six technology-related risks: product safety, regulatory oversight, legal liability, ethical prioritization, data protection, and human supervision. We argue that differences in these multidimensional risk regulation preferences are shaped by citizens' political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures. To test these hypotheses, a conjoint experiment was conducted in the United States (1188 participants), Japan (1135 participants), and Germany (1174 participants) in which respondents compared hypothetical regulation regimes for self-driving cars, varying alongside the six regulatory risk dimensions. The findings show a universal preference for increased legal responsibility of manufacturers and more stringent safety regulations for autonomous vehicles. Political beliefs and technological attitudes had minimal impact on these preferences. Although there were some cultural differences in privacy and ethical prioritization, no systematic differences were noted across countries, suggesting the possibility of finding common ground in standardizing risk regulations for self-driving cars.
在参与式监管概念的基础上,本研究强调承认公民风险监管偏好的多维性。以自动驾驶汽车为例,我们明确了六种与技术相关的风险:产品安全、监管监督、法律责任、道德优先、数据保护和人为监督。我们认为,这些多维风险监管偏好的差异是由公民的政治信仰、技术态度和国家创新文化决定的。为了验证这些假设,我们在美国(1188 名参与者)、日本(1135 名参与者)和德国(1174 名参与者)进行了联合实验,让受访者比较假设的自动驾驶汽车监管制度,并根据六个监管风险维度的不同进行比较。调查结果显示,受访者普遍倾向于增加制造商的法律责任,并对自动驾驶汽车制定更严格的安全法规。政治信仰和技术态度对这些偏好的影响微乎其微。虽然各国在隐私和道德优先权方面存在一些文化差异,但没有发现系统性差异,这表明在自动驾驶汽车风险监管标准化方面有可能找到共同点。
{"title":"Multidimensional preference for technology risk regulation: The role of political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures","authors":"Sebastian Hemesath, Markus Tepe","doi":"10.1111/rego.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12578","url":null,"abstract":"Building on the concept of participatory regulation, this study emphasizes recognizing the multidimensional character of citizens' risk regulation preferences. Using the case of autonomous vehicles, we specify six technology-related risks: product safety, regulatory oversight, legal liability, ethical prioritization, data protection, and human supervision. We argue that differences in these multidimensional risk regulation preferences are shaped by citizens' political beliefs, technology attitudes, and national innovation cultures. To test these hypotheses, a conjoint experiment was conducted in the United States (1188 participants), Japan (1135 participants), and Germany (1174 participants) in which respondents compared hypothetical regulation regimes for self-driving cars, varying alongside the six regulatory risk dimensions. The findings show a universal preference for increased legal responsibility of manufacturers and more stringent safety regulations for autonomous vehicles. Political beliefs and technological attitudes had minimal impact on these preferences. Although there were some cultural differences in privacy and ethical prioritization, no systematic differences were noted across countries, suggesting the possibility of finding common ground in standardizing risk regulations for self-driving cars.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139511049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking the iron triangle around nuclear safety regulation: The cases of France, Japan, and India 打破核安全监管铁三角:法国、日本和印度的案例
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12577
Philip Andrews-Speed, Nur Azha Putra
The International Atomic Energy Agency asserts that the regulation of the safety of civil nuclear power requires national regulatory agencies to be effectively independent. However, in the early years of national civil nuclear power programs national nuclear industries were dominated by iron triangles or subgovernments of powerful actors with an interest in promoting the industry. The creation of an independent safety regulator requires a radical restructuring of the national governance framework. Windows of opportunity or critical junctures for such reform occur only occasionally. This paper examines the cases of France, Japan, and India to identify the factors that determine the degree of success in attempts to break the power of nuclear iron triangles or subgovernments and create an effectively independent regulator. This analysis shows a serious nuclear accident can create the opportunity to dismantle an iron triangle. The extent and speed with which reforms can be implemented depend greatly on pre-existing and prevailing conditions. Key determinants include the power structures and attitudes toward nuclear power in elite politics, the degree of engagement of civil society, and pressures from international organizations. Of these, the first, elite politics, appears to be the most important in these three cases.
国际原子能机构声称,民用核能安全监管要求国家监管机构切实独立。然而,在国家民用核电计划的早期,国家核工业都是由铁三角或子政府主导的,这些强大的参与者都希望促进核工业的发展。建立独立的安全监管机构需要对国家治理框架进行彻底重组。这种改革的机会之窗或关键时刻只是偶尔出现。本文研究了法国、日本和印度的案例,以找出决定打破核铁三角或次级政府势力、建立有效独立监管机构的尝试成功程度的因素。这一分析表明,严重的核事故可以为拆除铁三角创造机会。实施改革的程度和速度在很大程度上取决于先前存在的和当前的条件。关键的决定因素包括精英政治中的权力结构和对核电的态度、公民社会的参与程度以及来自国际组织的压力。其中,精英政治似乎是这三个案例中最重要的因素。
{"title":"Breaking the iron triangle around nuclear safety regulation: The cases of France, Japan, and India","authors":"Philip Andrews-Speed, Nur Azha Putra","doi":"10.1111/rego.12577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12577","url":null,"abstract":"The International Atomic Energy Agency asserts that the regulation of the safety of civil nuclear power requires national regulatory agencies to be effectively independent. However, in the early years of national civil nuclear power programs national nuclear industries were dominated by iron triangles or subgovernments of powerful actors with an interest in promoting the industry. The creation of an independent safety regulator requires a radical restructuring of the national governance framework. Windows of opportunity or critical junctures for such reform occur only occasionally. This paper examines the cases of France, Japan, and India to identify the factors that determine the degree of success in attempts to break the power of nuclear iron triangles or subgovernments and create an effectively independent regulator. This analysis shows a serious nuclear accident can create the opportunity to dismantle an iron triangle. The extent and speed with which reforms can be implemented depend greatly on pre-existing and prevailing conditions. Key determinants include the power structures and attitudes toward nuclear power in elite politics, the degree of engagement of civil society, and pressures from international organizations. Of these, the first, elite politics, appears to be the most important in these three cases.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139431744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developmental channels: (Incomplete) development strategies in democratic Latin America 发展渠道:民主拉丁美洲的(不完全)发展战略
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12575
Renato H. de Gaspi
In the early 2000s, Latin America witnessed a resurgence in debates concerning the state's economic role, coinciding with a political transformation as new parties emerged to power. Existing literature on the “return of Industrial Policy” in the region largely offers a descriptive perspective, bypassing the intricacies of policy typifications and their associated political foundations. This paper addresses these gaps with two main contributions: First, it posits that the state's proactive economic interventions in Latin America were not comprehensive, but instead divided into two distinct channels: the sectoral and the macroeconomic. Second, by employing a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) of 59 democratic Latin American administrations, the paper delves into the political dynamics that underlie each channel. A detailed comparative analysis between Brazil and Chile serves as a focal point, illuminating their notable policy divergence. The research concludes that labor-supported parties are predisposed toward adopting active developmental roles, especially in contexts lacking complex economic structures. However, even incomplete strategies require the presence of robust developmental institutions and is contingent upon a government's capability to establish developmental coalitions and countervail opposing interests.
本世纪初,拉丁美洲再次掀起了关于国家经济作用的讨论,与此同时,随着新政党的上台,政治也发生了转变。有关该地区 "产业政策回归 "的现有文献大多从描述性的角度出发,绕过了政策类型的复杂性及其相关的政治基础。本文通过两个主要贡献填补了这些空白:首先,本文认为国家在拉丁美洲的积极经济干预并不全面,而是分为两个不同的渠道:部门和宏观经济。其次,通过对拉丁美洲 59 个民主国家的政府进行模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA),本文深入探讨了每种渠道背后的政治动态。巴西和智利之间的详细比较分析是一个焦点,揭示了两国显著的政策差异。研究得出结论,得到劳工支持的政党倾向于扮演积极的发展角色,尤其是在缺乏复杂经济结构的情况下。然而,即使是不完整的战略也需要强有力的发展机构的存在,并取决于政府建立发展联盟和抵消对立利益的能力。
{"title":"Developmental channels: (Incomplete) development strategies in democratic Latin America","authors":"Renato H. de Gaspi","doi":"10.1111/rego.12575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12575","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 2000s, Latin America witnessed a resurgence in debates concerning the state's economic role, coinciding with a political transformation as new parties emerged to power. Existing literature on the “return of Industrial Policy” in the region largely offers a descriptive perspective, bypassing the intricacies of policy typifications and their associated political foundations. This paper addresses these gaps with two main contributions: First, it posits that the state's proactive economic interventions in Latin America were not comprehensive, but instead divided into two distinct channels: the sectoral and the macroeconomic. Second, by employing a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) of 59 democratic Latin American administrations, the paper delves into the political dynamics that underlie each channel. A detailed comparative analysis between Brazil and Chile serves as a focal point, illuminating their notable policy divergence. The research concludes that labor-supported parties are predisposed toward adopting active developmental roles, especially in contexts lacking complex economic structures. However, even incomplete strategies require the presence of robust developmental institutions and is contingent upon a government's capability to establish developmental coalitions and countervail opposing interests.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139420265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How is reputation management by regulatory agencies related to their employees' reputational perception? 监管机构的声誉管理与其员工的声誉感知有何关系?
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12574
Mette Østergaard Pedersen, Koen Verhoest, Heidi Houlberg Salomonsen
Existing research investigating regulatory agencies' reputation-conscious behavior have primarily focused on reactive behavior in the context of reputational threats. Additionally, this literature has primarily focused on agencies' responses to such threats and external audiences' perceptions of agencies reputation, although reputation resides in both external and internal audiences. This study aims to address these two gaps by (1) identifying the relevance of regulatory agencies' reputations vis-à-vis internal audiences and (2) investigating whether reputations, in this case as judged by internal audiences, can be cultivated when managers of regulatory agencies perform reputation management in a more proactive sense. Using a unique two-wave panel survey targeting internal audiences from three Danish regulatory agencies, we find a positive and significant relationship between reputation management and how internal audiences perceive the organizational reputation. Moreover, we find that employee advocacy partially mediates this relationship. Given that regulatory agencies are particularly susceptible to reputational threats and given that the reputational perception of employees affect other employee outcomes as well as their regulatory decision making, this study shows the potential of reputation management by regulatory agencies as an instrument for affecting employees' outcomes.
对监管机构声誉意识行为的现有研究主要集中在声誉威胁背景下的反应行为。此外,这些文献主要关注监管机构对此类威胁的反应以及外部受众对监管机构声誉的看法,尽管声誉既存在于外部受众,也存在于内部受众。本研究旨在通过(1)确定监管机构的声誉与内部受众的相关性,以及(2)调查当监管机构的管理者更加积极主动地进行声誉管理时,是否可以培养内部受众所评判的声誉,来弥补这两方面的不足。通过对丹麦三家监管机构的内部受众进行独特的两波面板调查,我们发现声誉管理与内部受众如何看待组织声誉之间存在着积极而重要的关系。此外,我们还发现员工宣传在一定程度上调节了这种关系。鉴于监管机构特别容易受到声誉威胁,而且员工的声誉感知会影响员工的其他结果以及他们的监管决策,这项研究表明,监管机构的声誉管理有可能成为影响员工结果的一种手段。
{"title":"How is reputation management by regulatory agencies related to their employees' reputational perception?","authors":"Mette Østergaard Pedersen, Koen Verhoest, Heidi Houlberg Salomonsen","doi":"10.1111/rego.12574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12574","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research investigating regulatory agencies' reputation-conscious behavior have primarily focused on reactive behavior in the context of reputational threats. Additionally, this literature has primarily focused on agencies' responses to such threats and external audiences' perceptions of agencies reputation, although reputation resides in both external and internal audiences. This study aims to address these two gaps by (1) identifying the relevance of regulatory agencies' reputations vis-à-vis internal audiences and (2) investigating whether reputations, in this case as judged by internal audiences, can be cultivated when managers of regulatory agencies perform reputation management in a more proactive sense. Using a unique two-wave panel survey targeting internal audiences from three Danish regulatory agencies, we find a positive and significant relationship between reputation management and how internal audiences perceive the organizational reputation. Moreover, we find that employee advocacy partially mediates this relationship. Given that regulatory agencies are particularly susceptible to reputational threats and given that the reputational perception of employees affect other employee outcomes as well as their regulatory decision making, this study shows the potential of reputation management by regulatory agencies as an instrument for affecting employees' outcomes.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"32 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Administrative responses to democratic backsliding: When is bureaucratic resistance justified? 民主倒退的行政应对措施:什么时候官僚主义的抵抗是合理的?
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12567
Michael W. Bauer
Populist, illiberal, or outright autocratic movements threaten democracies worldwide, particularly when such extreme political forces gain control of executive power. For public administration illiberal backsliders in government pose a dilemma. Trained on instrumental values and expected to implement neutrally the political choices of their elected superiors, bureaucrats lack orientation of how to act in situations when obeying their own government may mean becoming an accomplice to democratic regression. Against this background, this article maps the dubious demands of backsliders in government as well as the potential reactions of bureaucrats to them. Public administration thinking is subsequently examined with a view to showing how administrative resistance to democratic backsliding could be normatively justified. Finally, the article provides practical recommendations to enhance the resilience of democratic public administration in the face of illiberal challenges.
民粹主义、非自由主义或彻头彻尾的专制运动威胁着全世界的民主政体,尤其是当这些极端的政治力量控制了行政权力的时候。对公共行政而言,政府中的非自由主义倒退者构成了一种两难境地。官僚们接受的是工具性价值观的培训,被期望中立地执行当选上司的政治选择,在服从自己的政府可能意味着成为民主倒退的帮凶的情况下,他们缺乏如何行动的方向。在此背景下,本文描绘了政府中倒退者的可疑要求以及官僚对这些要求的潜在反应。随后,文章对公共行政思想进行了研究,以说明如何在规范上证明行政部门抵制民主倒退是合理的。最后,文章提出了切实可行的建议,以增强民主公共行政在面对非自由主义挑战时的应变能力。
{"title":"Administrative responses to democratic backsliding: When is bureaucratic resistance justified?","authors":"Michael W. Bauer","doi":"10.1111/rego.12567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12567","url":null,"abstract":"Populist, illiberal, or outright autocratic movements threaten democracies worldwide, particularly when such extreme political forces gain control of executive power. For public administration illiberal backsliders in government pose a dilemma. Trained on instrumental values and expected to implement neutrally the political choices of their elected superiors, bureaucrats lack orientation of how to act in situations when obeying their own government may mean becoming an accomplice to democratic regression. Against this background, this article maps the dubious demands of backsliders in government as well as the potential reactions of bureaucrats to them. Public administration thinking is subsequently examined with a view to showing how administrative resistance to democratic backsliding could be normatively justified. Finally, the article provides practical recommendations to enhance the resilience of democratic public administration in the face of illiberal challenges.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138714217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
European artificial intelligence “trusted throughout the world”: Risk-based regulation and the fashioning of a competitive common AI market 欧洲人工智能 "值得全世界信赖":基于风险的监管与形成具有竞争力的共同人工智能市场
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12563
Regine Paul
The European Commission has pioneered the coercive regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), including a proposal of banning some applications altogether on moral grounds. Core to its regulatory strategy is a nominally “risk-based” approach with interventions that are proportionate to risk levels. Yet, neither standard accounts of risk-based regulation as rational problem-solving endeavor nor theories of organizational legitimacy-seeking, both prominently discussed in Regulation & Governance, fully explain the Commission's attraction to the risk heuristic. This article responds to this impasse with three contributions. First, it enrichens risk-based regulation scholarship—beyond AI—with a firm foundation in constructivist and critical political economy accounts of emerging tech regulation to capture the performative politics of defining and enacting risk vis-à-vis global economic competitiveness. Second, it conceptualizes the role of risk analysis within a Cultural Political Economy framework: as a powerful epistemic tool for the discursive and regulatory differentiation of an uncertain regulatory terrain (semiosis and structuration) which the Commission wields in its pursuit of a future common European AI market. Thirdly, the paper offers an in-depth empirical reconstruction of the Commission's risk-based semiosis and structuration in AI regulation through qualitative analysis of a substantive sample of documents and expert interviews. This finds that the Commission's use of risk analysis, outlawing some AI uses as matters of deep value conflicts and tightly controlling (at least discursively) so-called high-risk AI systems, enables Brussels to fashion its desired trademark of European “cutting-edge AI … trusted throughout the world” in the first place.
欧盟委员会率先对人工智能(AI)进行强制监管,包括提议以道德为由完全禁止某些应用。其监管战略的核心是一种名义上 "基于风险 "的方法,干预措施与风险水平成正比。然而,无论是将基于风险的监管视为理性解决问题的努力,还是《监管与amp; 治理》一书中突出讨论的组织合法性追求理论,都不能充分解释委员会对风险启发式的吸引力。本文从三个方面对这一僵局做出了回应。首先,除了人工智能之外,本文还丰富了基于风险的监管学术,为新兴科技监管的建构主义和批判政治经济学论述奠定了坚实的基础,从而捕捉到定义和制定风险与全球经济竞争力之间的表演性政治。其次,本文在文化政治经济学框架内对风险分析的作用进行了概念化:将其作为一种强大的认识论工具,用于对不确定的监管领域(符号学和结构化)进行话语和监管区分,而欧盟委员会正是利用这一工具来追求未来的欧洲共同人工智能市场。第三,本文通过对大量文件样本和专家访谈的定性分析,对委员会在人工智能监管中基于风险的符号学和结构化进行了深入的实证重建。本文发现,委员会利用风险分析,将某些人工智能用途作为深层价值冲突事项予以取缔,并(至少在话语上)严格控制所谓的高风险人工智能系统,使布鲁塞尔能够首先塑造其所期望的欧洲 "尖端人工智能......在全世界受到信任 "的商标。
{"title":"European artificial intelligence “trusted throughout the world”: Risk-based regulation and the fashioning of a competitive common AI market","authors":"Regine Paul","doi":"10.1111/rego.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12563","url":null,"abstract":"The European Commission has pioneered the coercive regulation of artificial intelligence (AI), including a proposal of banning some applications altogether on moral grounds. Core to its regulatory strategy is a nominally “risk-based” approach with interventions that are proportionate to risk levels. Yet, neither standard accounts of risk-based regulation as rational problem-solving endeavor nor theories of organizational legitimacy-seeking, both prominently discussed in <i>Regulation &amp; Governance</i>, fully explain the Commission's attraction to the risk heuristic. This article responds to this impasse with three contributions. First, it enrichens risk-based regulation scholarship—beyond AI—with a firm foundation in constructivist and critical political economy accounts of emerging tech regulation to capture the performative politics of defining and enacting risk vis-à-vis global economic competitiveness. Second, it conceptualizes the role of risk analysis within a <i>Cultural Political Economy</i> framework: as a powerful epistemic tool for the discursive and regulatory differentiation of an uncertain regulatory terrain (semiosis and structuration) which the Commission wields in its pursuit of a future common European AI market. Thirdly, the paper offers an in-depth empirical reconstruction of the Commission's risk-based semiosis and structuration in AI regulation through qualitative analysis of a substantive sample of documents and expert interviews. This finds that the Commission's use of risk analysis, outlawing some AI uses as matters of deep value conflicts and tightly controlling (at least discursively) so-called high-risk AI systems, enables Brussels to fashion its desired trademark of European “cutting-edge AI … trusted throughout the world” in the first place.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138714208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brandeis in Brussels? Bureaucratic discretion, social learning, and the development of regulated competition in the European Union 布鲁塞尔的布兰代斯?官僚自由裁量权、社会学习和欧盟规范竞争的发展
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12570
Chase Foster, Kathleen Thelen
Neo-Brandeisian legal scholars have recently revived the ideas of Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, who championed state regulation that preserved market competition and economic liberty in the face of concentrated private power. Yet ultimately and perhaps paradoxically, it has been Europe and not the United States that has proved more hospitable to accommodating key features of the Brandeisian approach. We explain this outcome by tracing the evolution of EU competition law to gain insight into the social learning processes through which such regimes change over time. We argue that the EU's administrative system, which provides the European Commission with significant bureaucratic discretion, has facilitated processes of ongoing deliberative adjustment to policy and practice, which over time has resulted in a system of “regulated competition” with striking similarities to the Brandeisian vision. The analysis highlights how administrative law institutions condition how regulatory regimes evolve in response to acquired experience and knowledge.
新布兰代斯主义法律学者最近重提最高法院大法官路易斯-布兰代斯的思想,他主张在私人权力集中的情况下,通过国家监管来维护市场竞争和经济自由。然而,最终也许是自相矛盾的是,事实证明欧洲而非美国更容易接受布兰代斯方法的关键特征。我们通过追溯欧盟竞争法的演变来解释这一结果,从而深入了解此类制度随时间推移而变化的社会学习过程。我们认为,欧盟的行政体系为欧盟委员会提供了巨大的官僚自由裁量权,促进了对政策和实践不断进行审议调整的过程,随着时间的推移,最终形成了与布兰代斯观点惊人相似的 "规范竞争 "体系。分析强调了行政法机构如何制约监管制度如何根据所获得的经验和知识而演变。
{"title":"Brandeis in Brussels? Bureaucratic discretion, social learning, and the development of regulated competition in the European Union","authors":"Chase Foster, Kathleen Thelen","doi":"10.1111/rego.12570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12570","url":null,"abstract":"Neo-Brandeisian legal scholars have recently revived the ideas of Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, who championed state regulation that preserved market competition and economic liberty in the face of concentrated private power. Yet ultimately and perhaps paradoxically, it has been Europe and not the United States that has proved more hospitable to accommodating key features of the Brandeisian approach. We explain this outcome by tracing the evolution of EU competition law to gain insight into the social learning processes through which such regimes change over time. We argue that the EU's administrative system, which provides the European Commission with significant bureaucratic discretion, has facilitated processes of ongoing deliberative adjustment to policy and practice, which over time has resulted in a system of “regulated competition” with striking similarities to the Brandeisian vision. The analysis highlights how administrative law institutions condition how regulatory regimes evolve in response to acquired experience and knowledge.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138565249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political studies of automated governing: A bird's eye (re)view 自动化管理的政治研究:鸟瞰(回顾)
IF 3 2区 社会学 Q1 LAW Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1111/rego.12569
Andreas Öjehag-Pettersson, Vanja Carlssson, Malin Rönnblom
In this paper, we develop an approach for analyzing the increasingly important strand of research that deals with automated systems of governing. Such systems, which figure prominently in public policy and regulation, are designed to utilize the rapid advancement in computer technology, like artificial intelligence, with the purpose of governing something or someone. Drawing on a large sample of articles we present a comprehensive analysis of scholarly works where these systems are studied as political, rather than neutral, instruments of governing. We find that the current state of the art articulates the politics of automated systems of governing in three ways. Namely, as part of ontological, epistemological and ideological questions. We conclude that future research should investigate the complex forms of marketization nested in these systems, that it should move from theoretical examples to detailed empirical studies and that political science should get more involved with the issue.
在本文中,我们开发了一种方法来分析处理自动化管理系统的日益重要的研究链。这类系统在公共政策和监管中占据重要地位,旨在利用人工智能等快速发展的计算机技术来治理某物或某个人。利用大量的文章样本,我们对这些系统作为政治而非中立的治理工具进行研究的学术著作进行了全面的分析。我们发现,目前的技术状况以三种方式阐明了自动化治理系统的政治。也就是说,作为本体论、认识论和意识形态问题的一部分。我们的结论是,未来的研究应该调查这些系统中复杂的市场化形式,它应该从理论例子转向详细的实证研究,政治学应该更多地参与这个问题。
{"title":"Political studies of automated governing: A bird's eye (re)view","authors":"Andreas Öjehag-Pettersson, Vanja Carlssson, Malin Rönnblom","doi":"10.1111/rego.12569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12569","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we develop an approach for analyzing the increasingly important strand of research that deals with automated systems of governing. Such systems, which figure prominently in public policy and regulation, are designed to utilize the rapid advancement in computer technology, like artificial intelligence, with the purpose of governing something or someone. Drawing on a large sample of articles we present a comprehensive analysis of scholarly works where these systems are studied as political, rather than neutral, instruments of governing. We find that the current state of the art articulates the politics of automated systems of governing in three ways. Namely, as part of ontological, epistemological and ideological questions. We conclude that future research should investigate the complex forms of marketization nested in these systems, that it should move from theoretical examples to detailed empirical studies and that political science should get more involved with the issue.","PeriodicalId":21026,"journal":{"name":"Regulation & Governance","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138492147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Regulation & Governance
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1