β-catenin is a propitious target for various cancer drugs for inhibiting tumour cell proliferation and differentiation. Even though several inhibitors have been discovered for β-catenin but its selectivity towards β-catenin and TCF-4 interactions is a major challenge. Hence, the expedition for identifying a selective drug for β-catenin inhibition against cancer will have immense potential and favour. The present study aims to scrutinise compounds that can impede β-catenin overexpression in cancer using an integrated pharmacophore and in silico docking-based screening of 28,007 molecules from the ZINC repository. The analysis yielded the top two compounds, namely ZINC000016051423 and ZINC000028564770, with better docking scores of -4.007 kcal/mol and -6.547 kcal/mol at the β-catenin binding pocket. Moreover, their free energy scores were -40.882 and -53.989 kcal/mol with favourable drug-likeness characteristics. Eventually, both hits exhibited better inhibitory activity against 66 colorectal cell lines using the PaccMann algorithm. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the lead compounds may serve as a possible β-catenin inhibitor during the treatment of cancer, though further experimental study is needed to evaluate the compound’s efficacy.
{"title":"Molecular modeling study combined with deep learning approach for the identification of potent β-catenin inhibitors","authors":"Shanthi Veerappapillai, Shikhar Tandon","doi":"10.25303/1810rjbt048059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1810rjbt048059","url":null,"abstract":"β-catenin is a propitious target for various cancer drugs for inhibiting tumour cell proliferation and differentiation. Even though several inhibitors have been discovered for β-catenin but its selectivity towards β-catenin and TCF-4 interactions is a major challenge. Hence, the expedition for identifying a selective drug for β-catenin inhibition against cancer will have immense potential and favour. The present study aims to scrutinise compounds that can impede β-catenin overexpression in cancer using an integrated pharmacophore and in silico docking-based screening of 28,007 molecules from the ZINC repository. The analysis yielded the top two compounds, namely ZINC000016051423 and ZINC000028564770, with better docking scores of -4.007 kcal/mol and -6.547 kcal/mol at the β-catenin binding pocket. Moreover, their free energy scores were -40.882 and -53.989 kcal/mol with favourable drug-likeness characteristics. Eventually, both hits exhibited better inhibitory activity against 66 colorectal cell lines using the PaccMann algorithm. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the lead compounds may serve as a possible β-catenin inhibitor during the treatment of cancer, though further experimental study is needed to evaluate the compound’s efficacy.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.25303/1810rjbt1970204
Amjad Hussain, Christopher J. Godwin
The genus Streptomyces is renowned for its ability to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites, encompassing antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, immunosuppressant and antimalarial properties. In this study, we focused on Streptomyces sp. VITGV156 to explore its potential in producing quinoline, a secondary metabolite, leveraging the species' extensive biosynthetic gene repertoire. The complete genome of Streptomyces sp. VITGV156 was sequenced using Illumina technology and NextSeq. Genome analysis unveiled 29 Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs), including 7 PKS (Polyketide Synthases) and 5 terpenes, responsible for secondary metabolite production. The crude extract of VITGV156 was subjected to GC-MS analysis, revealing the presence of 30 distinct compounds, 15 of which exhibited antimicrobial activity. Notably, quinoline carboxylic acid was detected at a retention time of 17.628 min. Given the promising antimicrobial activity displayed by the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. VITGV156, further investigations are planned to gain deeper insights into its secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Streptomyces sp. VITGV156 (MCC 4965), a quinoline producing Streptomyces","authors":"Amjad Hussain, Christopher J. Godwin","doi":"10.25303/1810rjbt1970204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1810rjbt1970204","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Streptomyces is renowned for its ability to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites, encompassing antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, immunosuppressant and antimalarial properties. In this study, we focused on Streptomyces sp. VITGV156 to explore its potential in producing quinoline, a secondary metabolite, leveraging the species' extensive biosynthetic gene repertoire. The complete genome of Streptomyces sp. VITGV156 was sequenced using Illumina technology and NextSeq. Genome analysis unveiled 29 Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs), including 7 PKS (Polyketide Synthases) and 5 terpenes, responsible for secondary metabolite production. The crude extract of VITGV156 was subjected to GC-MS analysis, revealing the presence of 30 distinct compounds, 15 of which exhibited antimicrobial activity. Notably, quinoline carboxylic acid was detected at a retention time of 17.628 min. Given the promising antimicrobial activity displayed by the crude extract of Streptomyces sp. VITGV156, further investigations are planned to gain deeper insights into its secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.25303/1810rjbt2490254
R. Jananipriya, S. Usha
Food colour is a common food additive. Colour is essential for food which enhances the specific appearance of the food product and freshness. Hence, the use of artificial food colourants has increased tremendously during the past decades. Studies have reported that usage of synthetic food colouring in food products leads to severe health issues. The continuous use of synthetic food colourants causes behavioural changes like attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder in children and allergic reactions. Several researchers have reported that food-borne diseases are mainly caused by non-permitted colours. Synthetic food colours not only affect individuals, but They are also a potential cause of water contamination and much more environmental effects. Taking this into account, this study reviews the effect of synthetic colourants on humans and environment.
{"title":"A critical review of the food colourants effects on Human Health and Environment","authors":"R. Jananipriya, S. Usha","doi":"10.25303/1810rjbt2490254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1810rjbt2490254","url":null,"abstract":"Food colour is a common food additive. Colour is essential for food which enhances the specific appearance of the food product and freshness. Hence, the use of artificial food colourants has increased tremendously during the past decades. Studies have reported that usage of synthetic food colouring in food products leads to severe health issues. The continuous use of synthetic food colourants causes behavioural changes like attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder in children and allergic reactions. Several researchers have reported that food-borne diseases are mainly caused by non-permitted colours. Synthetic food colours not only affect individuals, but They are also a potential cause of water contamination and much more environmental effects. Taking this into account, this study reviews the effect of synthetic colourants on humans and environment.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.25303/1810rjbt1640173
Karikalan Kulandaivelu, Shrila Banerjee, Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
Gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) were successfully prepared by microwave-assisted method without using polar solvent acetone and cross-linker glutaraldehyde which are generally used in the double desolvation method. Moreover, we tried using green tea polyphenol (GTP) as a natural cross-linker. The particles were spherical, around 98.5 nm in size with a polydispersity index (P.I) of 0.813 and the surface charge was -11.6 mV. About 20% of free amino groups present in GNPs-GTP are made by microwave-assisted method with an encapsulation efficiency of 69.8 %. The predominant release was observed to fit in zero-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted gelatin nanoparticles preparation: Green tea polyphenol mediated cross-linking and its enhanced bio-efficacy","authors":"Karikalan Kulandaivelu, Shrila Banerjee, Abul Kalam Azad Mandal","doi":"10.25303/1810rjbt1640173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1810rjbt1640173","url":null,"abstract":"Gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) were successfully prepared by microwave-assisted method without using polar solvent acetone and cross-linker glutaraldehyde which are generally used in the double desolvation method. Moreover, we tried using green tea polyphenol (GTP) as a natural cross-linker. The particles were spherical, around 98.5 nm in size with a polydispersity index (P.I) of 0.813 and the surface charge was -11.6 mV. About 20% of free amino groups present in GNPs-GTP are made by microwave-assisted method with an encapsulation efficiency of 69.8 %. The predominant release was observed to fit in zero-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaccination has proven to be an effective strategy for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB). Interestingly, peptide-based vaccines that elicit a specific immunological response are currently being explored as alternatives to the BCG vaccine. Thus, the present study aimed to design a novel, efficacious peptide-based vaccine against tuberculosis targeting Rv1115, a membrane protein and a potent stimulator of INF-γ. Initially, the immunodominant CD4+, CD8+ and B cell epitopes of Rv1115 were identified and scrutinized based on their propensity to evoke immunological responses. The propitious epitopes were then combined using the appropriate linkers (EAAAK, AAY, KK and GPGPG) and adjuvant (CobT) for the chimeric vaccine design. Further, the designed chimeric vaccine was subjected to 3D structure modelling, refinement and validation. Finally, the modelled vaccine construct was used for protein–protein docking studies with toll-like receptors 3 and 4 (TLR-3 and TLR-4) followed by immune simulation analysis and in silico cloning. Overall, the immunoinformatic results suggest that the developed chimeric vaccine could elicit robust immune responses and can be employed as an efficient preventative therapy for tuberculosis.
{"title":"Novel multi-epitope vaccine design against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Immunoinformatics strategy","authors":"Dhayanitha Ranganathan Dhakshinamoorthy, Ramanathan Karuppasamy","doi":"10.25303/1810rjbt060068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1810rjbt060068","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination has proven to be an effective strategy for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB). Interestingly, peptide-based vaccines that elicit a specific immunological response are currently being explored as alternatives to the BCG vaccine. Thus, the present study aimed to design a novel, efficacious peptide-based vaccine against tuberculosis targeting Rv1115, a membrane protein and a potent stimulator of INF-γ. Initially, the immunodominant CD4+, CD8+ and B cell epitopes of Rv1115 were identified and scrutinized based on their propensity to evoke immunological responses. The propitious epitopes were then combined using the appropriate linkers (EAAAK, AAY, KK and GPGPG) and adjuvant (CobT) for the chimeric vaccine design. Further, the designed chimeric vaccine was subjected to 3D structure modelling, refinement and validation. Finally, the modelled vaccine construct was used for protein–protein docking studies with toll-like receptors 3 and 4 (TLR-3 and TLR-4) followed by immune simulation analysis and in silico cloning. Overall, the immunoinformatic results suggest that the developed chimeric vaccine could elicit robust immune responses and can be employed as an efficient preventative therapy for tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an infectious pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB). Even though it is curable, the first-line anti-TB medication rifampicin has been a source of rising concern for human health across the globe. However, rifampicin resistance results from mutations in the RNA polymerase's binding site of the target protein. This infectious pathogen can survive in macrophages and can induce a long-lasting latent infection. The prolonged survival of mycobacterial species was achieved with the aid of serine/threonine protein kinase G (PknG) which performs a preventive role in this situation. Thus, PknG is believed to be an essential target to prevent the pathogen from entering the latency stage. The present investigation was oriented towards molecular-based virtual screening carried out using AutoDock for the FDA-approved and nutraceutical subsets of compounds from the DrugBank repository. Initially, a total of 3035 compounds were screened based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties. The screened molecules were taken for docking purposes after which post-docking analysis was performed by calculating the random forest (RF) score. Further, the structural characterization of hit compounds was validated using interaction studies and in silico bioactivity prediction studies. Finally, the anti-myotubular activity prediction was carried out in the search for potential inhibitors. Importantly, four potential ligands, namely DB00080, DB00807, DB06249 and DB06274 were preferred after a thorough investigation. These ligands showed significant structural and protein-ligand interactions, suggesting that they might be potentially used as therapeutic candidates to combat MTB.
{"title":"Implementation of computational strategies to combat drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Mrunalini Junghare, Sejal Jain, Ramanathan Karuppasamy","doi":"10.25303/1810rjbt01008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1810rjbt01008","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an infectious pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB). Even though it is curable, the first-line anti-TB medication rifampicin has been a source of rising concern for human health across the globe. However, rifampicin resistance results from mutations in the RNA polymerase's binding site of the target protein. This infectious pathogen can survive in macrophages and can induce a long-lasting latent infection. The prolonged survival of mycobacterial species was achieved with the aid of serine/threonine protein kinase G (PknG) which performs a preventive role in this situation. Thus, PknG is believed to be an essential target to prevent the pathogen from entering the latency stage. The present investigation was oriented towards molecular-based virtual screening carried out using AutoDock for the FDA-approved and nutraceutical subsets of compounds from the DrugBank repository. Initially, a total of 3035 compounds were screened based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties. The screened molecules were taken for docking purposes after which post-docking analysis was performed by calculating the random forest (RF) score. Further, the structural characterization of hit compounds was validated using interaction studies and in silico bioactivity prediction studies. Finally, the anti-myotubular activity prediction was carried out in the search for potential inhibitors. Importantly, four potential ligands, namely DB00080, DB00807, DB06249 and DB06274 were preferred after a thorough investigation. These ligands showed significant structural and protein-ligand interactions, suggesting that they might be potentially used as therapeutic candidates to combat MTB.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arecoline N- oxide has surfaced as a probable key player of areca nut induced maladies. However, information on the adverse effects of arecoline N- oxide in-vivo is lacking. Mice were divided into 3 groups; the control group was injected with normal saline intraperitoneally while the treatment groups were injected with arecoline N- oxide and arecoline respectively at a dosage of 20 mg/ kg body weight intraperitoneally for thirty days. At the end of the exposure period, end points indicative of toxicity were investigated. Arecoline N- oxide was found to induce DNA damage in mice bone marrow cells. Observable changes in histology of liver indicated arecoline N- oxide to be hepatotoxic. Histological studies also showed arecoline N- oxide to induce infiltration of mononuclear cells in the kidneys. Oxidative stress was induced by arecoline N- oxide in both liver and kidneys as indicated by increased level of lipid peroxidation and decreased level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the tissues. The present study showed arecoline N- oxide to have genotoxic, hepatotoxic and mild nephrotoxic effects in mice which might be due to generation of oxidative stress.
{"title":"Toxicological implications of arecoline N- oxide in vivo in mice test system","authors":"Aparajita Das, Sarbani Giri, Abhijit Mandal, Malaya Ghosh, Sudip Choudhury","doi":"10.25303/1809rjbt0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1809rjbt0110","url":null,"abstract":"Arecoline N- oxide has surfaced as a probable key player of areca nut induced maladies. However, information on the adverse effects of arecoline N- oxide in-vivo is lacking. Mice were divided into 3 groups; the control group was injected with normal saline intraperitoneally while the treatment groups were injected with arecoline N- oxide and arecoline respectively at a dosage of 20 mg/ kg body weight intraperitoneally for thirty days. At the end of the exposure period, end points indicative of toxicity were investigated. Arecoline N- oxide was found to induce DNA damage in mice bone marrow cells. Observable changes in histology of liver indicated arecoline N- oxide to be hepatotoxic. Histological studies also showed arecoline N- oxide to induce infiltration of mononuclear cells in the kidneys. Oxidative stress was induced by arecoline N- oxide in both liver and kidneys as indicated by increased level of lipid peroxidation and decreased level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the tissues. The present study showed arecoline N- oxide to have genotoxic, hepatotoxic and mild nephrotoxic effects in mice which might be due to generation of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135162649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, most commonly affecting the lungs. Despite being thought of as an uncommon ailment, cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common monogenic sickness among those who are mostly of European descent. It is estimated that 1% of people worldwide have a single faulty copy of the CFTR gene. A recent pilot study using NGS technology in 2020 from Delhi’s Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, indicated the prevalence of cystic fibrosis mutations of 1 in 2,000 persons. This is much higher than the earlier estimated prevalence as the disease was rare in the Indian population. The most common mutations are delta F 508 and G551D which are also prevalent in the Indian population. The use of computer-aided drug design (CADD) can reduce the time needed for the discovery, evaluation and structure-optimization of new therapeutic candidates. CADD may be advantageous for pharmaceuticals with logical designs. Multiple breakthroughs have been made in the study of small molecule medicines and natural chemicals for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Seven well-known small-molecule medications that target the CFTR were chosen including Ivacaftor, Lumacaftor, Tezacaftor, Galicaftor, Olacaftor, Navocaftor and Elexacaftor. The natural compounds chosen were Genistein, Curcumin and Resveratrol. They were all docked onto the CFTR target protein and the effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated based on the docking scores. It was also planned to investigate if the combined impacts of these two different kinds of molecules may help in the development of new medications. To achieve this, combinatorial docking was tried using the small molecule market medication and the natural chemical that showed the best interaction with the target protein. Finally, based on molecular docking studies, Lonidamine, a well-known medicinal molecule was used to determine whether it may target cystic fibrosis.
囊性纤维化(CF)是一种多系统常染色体隐性遗传病，由CF跨膜传导调节蛋白(CFTR)缺陷引起，最常影响肺部。尽管被认为是一种罕见的疾病，但囊性纤维化(CF)是欧洲人后裔中最常见的单基因疾病。据估计，全世界有1%的人有一个CFTR基因的错误拷贝。德里恒河公羊爵士医院(Sir Ganga Ram Hospital)最近在2020年使用NGS技术进行的一项试点研究表明，每2000人中就有1人患有囊性纤维化突变。由于该病在印度人口中很少见，这一数字远高于早先估计的流行率。最常见的突变是delta F 508和G551D，它们在印度人群中也很普遍。使用计算机辅助药物设计(CADD)可以减少发现、评估和结构优化新候选治疗所需的时间。CADD对于具有逻辑设计的药物可能是有利的。治疗囊性纤维化的小分子药物和天然化学物质的研究取得了多项突破。研究人员选择了7种知名的靶向CFTR的小分子药物，包括Ivacaftor、Lumacaftor、Tezacaftor、Galicaftor、Olacaftor、Navocaftor和Elexacaftor。选择的天然化合物为染料木素、姜黄素和白藜芦醇。它们都与CFTR靶蛋白对接，并根据对接评分评估治疗的有效性。研究人员还计划调查这两种不同分子的联合作用是否有助于新药物的开发。为了实现这一目标，我们尝试使用小分子市场药物和与目标蛋白相互作用最好的天然化学物质进行组合对接。最后，在分子对接研究的基础上，利用Lonidamine这一著名的药用分子来确定其是否可以靶向囊性纤维化。
{"title":"In Silico Analysis and Docking Studies on Cystic Fibrosis to identify Potential Drug Candidates","authors":"Nishita Verma, Abhishek Sengupta, Seema Bhatnagar, Priyanka Narad","doi":"10.25303/1809rjbt2590270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1809rjbt2590270","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, most commonly affecting the lungs. Despite being thought of as an uncommon ailment, cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common monogenic sickness among those who are mostly of European descent. It is estimated that 1% of people worldwide have a single faulty copy of the CFTR gene. A recent pilot study using NGS technology in 2020 from Delhi’s Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, indicated the prevalence of cystic fibrosis mutations of 1 in 2,000 persons. This is much higher than the earlier estimated prevalence as the disease was rare in the Indian population. The most common mutations are delta F 508 and G551D which are also prevalent in the Indian population. The use of computer-aided drug design (CADD) can reduce the time needed for the discovery, evaluation and structure-optimization of new therapeutic candidates. CADD may be advantageous for pharmaceuticals with logical designs. Multiple breakthroughs have been made in the study of small molecule medicines and natural chemicals for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Seven well-known small-molecule medications that target the CFTR were chosen including Ivacaftor, Lumacaftor, Tezacaftor, Galicaftor, Olacaftor, Navocaftor and Elexacaftor. The natural compounds chosen were Genistein, Curcumin and Resveratrol. They were all docked onto the CFTR target protein and the effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated based on the docking scores. It was also planned to investigate if the combined impacts of these two different kinds of molecules may help in the development of new medications. To achieve this, combinatorial docking was tried using the small molecule market medication and the natural chemical that showed the best interaction with the target protein. Finally, based on molecular docking studies, Lonidamine, a well-known medicinal molecule was used to determine whether it may target cystic fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135162879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.25303/1809rjbt2050215
Vemula Surender, Kavitha Varak, Ravindra Babu Potti, R. Tiwari
Modern society makes pervasive use of electric power producing electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) and light at night (LAN). This has resulted in the indiscriminate use of electrical and electronic gadgets which release electromagnetic radiations which are supposed to cause the biological effects by some scientists. However, ELF- EMFs and LAN are hypothesized to be responsible for the changes in hormonal configurations leading to development of cancer in women particularly nurses who are occupationally exposed to ELF- EMFs and LAN. The blood samples of 342 exposed subjects and 150 non exposed individuals were analyzed. Plasma melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). DNA damage was studied by alkaline comet assay along with micronucleus test and RT-PCR. Our results suggest that the plasma melatonin levels were significantly suppressed in the occupationally exposed subjects (p < 0.05) and DNA damage ranged between 8μm to 10μm. Group-C exposed subjects showed more DNA damage. The occupationally exposed subjects were found to be vulnerable for electromagnetic stress with decreased melatonin concentrations and increased DNA damage.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Human Subjects occupationally exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMFs) and Light at Night (LAN) with particular reference to Melatonin Hypothesis","authors":"Vemula Surender, Kavitha Varak, Ravindra Babu Potti, R. Tiwari","doi":"10.25303/1809rjbt2050215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25303/1809rjbt2050215","url":null,"abstract":"Modern society makes pervasive use of electric power producing electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) and light at night (LAN). This has resulted in the indiscriminate use of electrical and electronic gadgets which release electromagnetic radiations which are supposed to cause the biological effects by some scientists. However, ELF- EMFs and LAN are hypothesized to be responsible for the changes in hormonal configurations leading to development of cancer in women particularly nurses who are occupationally exposed to ELF- EMFs and LAN. The blood samples of 342 exposed subjects and 150 non exposed individuals were analyzed. Plasma melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). DNA damage was studied by alkaline comet assay along with micronucleus test and RT-PCR. Our results suggest that the plasma melatonin levels were significantly suppressed in the occupationally exposed subjects (p < 0.05) and DNA damage ranged between 8μm to 10μm. Group-C exposed subjects showed more DNA damage. The occupationally exposed subjects were found to be vulnerable for electromagnetic stress with decreased melatonin concentrations and increased DNA damage.","PeriodicalId":21091,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135162885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.25303/1809rjbt1320136
S. Mohammed Ahmed, H. Al-Saeed Hassan, Sami Malik Arif, Ali Alhassnawi Muqdam, S. Khlaif Mohammed, Abdulla Qassim Ali
Diabetic nephropathy is an important complication that develops from diabetes mellitus. The chemotactic cytokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) exhibits selective binding and activation of the C-C motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2). MCP-1 has been consistently observed to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic and diabetic renal disease in clinical settings, regardless of the different stages and phenotypes. The main goal of this study was to assess and contrast the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in individuals with diabetic nephropathy and those who show healthy state to examine the possibility of the usefulness of MCP-1/CCL2 as a biomarker of prognosis for early identification in patients developing albuminuria. The study involved the study of a sample of ninety patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, while a control group of thirty individuals was also included for comparison purposes. The study recruited participants requesting from Baghdad and Maysan in Iraq. Urine specimens were obtained to determine the urinary protein concentration. Samples of blood and serum were collected to measure the levels of serum creatinine (s-Cr), fasting plasma glucose (F.P.G.), glycohemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and serum MCP-1. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that there were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the levels of MCP-1 between the microalbuminuric (stage 2) and macroalbuminuric (stage 3) when compared with the control group and between the stage 2 and stage 3 groups. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MCP-1 levels may serve as biochemical indicators for disease progression of D.N.
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