Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.95.010501
S. Manabe
{"title":"Nobel Lecture: Physical modeling of Earth’s climate","authors":"S. Manabe","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.95.010501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.95.010501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47425989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.95.015002
Alexandra S. Sheremet, Mihail I. Petrov, I. Iorsh, A. Poshakinskiy, A. Poddubny
{"title":"Waveguide quantum electrodynamics: Collective radiance and photon-photon correlations","authors":"Alexandra S. Sheremet, Mihail I. Petrov, I. Iorsh, A. Poshakinskiy, A. Poddubny","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.95.015002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.95.015002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Calculation for the Energy and Transition Energy of O6+ Ion in Confined Environment","authors":"洋洋 鲍","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.134010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.134010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74611920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper continues to explore and review the two topics of “synthetic” gauge field and “emergent” gauge field, which have already been considered in the last paper entitled “Notes on Gauge Field Theories (I)”. The present paper on “Notes on Gauge Field Theories (II)” includes three topics: i) A theory of local electromagnetic dual transformation symmetry and dual gauge field is suggested based on the previous theories of magnetic charge and dual transformation, and it is pointed out that the effect of dual gauge potential makes an electromagnetic wave in vacuum seem to propagate in an anisotropic medium whose permittivity and permeability are both tensors; ii) A non-Abelian version or generalized Kaluza-Klein theory is given in detail. The purpose is to introduce a theory of fundamental interaction that unifies Einstein’s general-relativity gravity and Yang-Mills gauge interaction. In this model, the Yang-Mills gauge potential is a higher-dimensional gravitational me-tric-field off-diagonal component emerging in the ordinary four-dimensional spacetime, or in other words, the Yang-Mills gauge field is essentially a non-Abelian Kaluza-Klein higher-dimensional gravitational field; iii) A theory of higher-dimensional spin-connection gravitational gauge field theory, of which the gravitational Lagrangian density is quadratic in the Riemannian curvature, is reviewed. The higher-dimensional spin-affine connection (the Lorentz connection) can serve as a Yang-Mills gauge potential and the spin currents of vectorial and spinorial matter fields play a role of Yang-Mills gauge charge currents in the four-dimensional spacetime, and so the gravitational interaction and the Yang-Mills gauge interaction can be unified into the present higher-dimensional spin-connection gravitational gauge theory, which was suggested by us. There have been many theories of gravitation in the literature. Although the merits and weaknesses of only the non-Abelian version of Kaluza-Klein theory and the gauge theory of gravitation are reviewed in this paper, we expect that the analysis of these two theories would still help readers to draw parallels among the relevant gravity theories and to understand the stylistic characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various gravitation theories in the literature.
{"title":"Notes on Gauge Field Theories (II): Local Electromagnetic Dual Transformation The-ory, Generalized Kaluza-Klein Emergent Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory and Higher-Dimensional Gravitational Gauge Field Theory","authors":"建其 沈","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.135014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.135014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper continues to explore and review the two topics of “synthetic” gauge field and “emergent” gauge field, which have already been considered in the last paper entitled “Notes on Gauge Field Theories (I)”. The present paper on “Notes on Gauge Field Theories (II)” includes three topics: i) A theory of local electromagnetic dual transformation symmetry and dual gauge field is suggested based on the previous theories of magnetic charge and dual transformation, and it is pointed out that the effect of dual gauge potential makes an electromagnetic wave in vacuum seem to propagate in an anisotropic medium whose permittivity and permeability are both tensors; ii) A non-Abelian version or generalized Kaluza-Klein theory is given in detail. The purpose is to introduce a theory of fundamental interaction that unifies Einstein’s general-relativity gravity and Yang-Mills gauge interaction. In this model, the Yang-Mills gauge potential is a higher-dimensional gravitational me-tric-field off-diagonal component emerging in the ordinary four-dimensional spacetime, or in other words, the Yang-Mills gauge field is essentially a non-Abelian Kaluza-Klein higher-dimensional gravitational field; iii) A theory of higher-dimensional spin-connection gravitational gauge field theory, of which the gravitational Lagrangian density is quadratic in the Riemannian curvature, is reviewed. The higher-dimensional spin-affine connection (the Lorentz connection) can serve as a Yang-Mills gauge potential and the spin currents of vectorial and spinorial matter fields play a role of Yang-Mills gauge charge currents in the four-dimensional spacetime, and so the gravitational interaction and the Yang-Mills gauge interaction can be unified into the present higher-dimensional spin-connection gravitational gauge theory, which was suggested by us. There have been many theories of gravitation in the literature. Although the merits and weaknesses of only the non-Abelian version of Kaluza-Klein theory and the gauge theory of gravitation are reviewed in this paper, we expect that the analysis of these two theories would still help readers to draw parallels among the relevant gravity theories and to understand the stylistic characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various gravitation theories in the literature.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135754375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The polarization effect of ferroelectrics has been widely used in information storage, precise mea-*
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Ordering of Ferroelectric Polarization and Its Thermodynamic Compensation","authors":"路 卢","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.132004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.132004","url":null,"abstract":"The polarization effect of ferroelectrics has been widely used in information storage, precise mea-*","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74544255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Spatial Coherence on the Scattering Properties of a Dielectric Nanodimer","authors":"颖君 何","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.136015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.136015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134982306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A tight-binding Hamiltonian is constructed in a one-dimensional quasicrystal model and the central electronic eigenstate is investigated based on the substitution rule. By computing the height function distribution, the multifractal spectrum of the wavefunction is obtained. The results show typical behaviors of the critical state.
{"title":"Height Function of a 1D Tight-Binding Quasicrystal Model and Multifractality of Wavefunction","authors":"兰 苏","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.132006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.132006","url":null,"abstract":"A tight-binding Hamiltonian is constructed in a one-dimensional quasicrystal model and the central electronic eigenstate is investigated based on the substitution rule. By computing the height function distribution, the multifractal spectrum of the wavefunction is obtained. The results show typical behaviors of the critical state.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89529429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to explain the emergence of the theory of cosmic evolution
{"title":"A Scientific Explanation of the Universe’s Evolution Based on the Relativity Theory","authors":"业勋 钟","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.134009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.134009","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explain the emergence of the theory of cosmic evolution","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75211874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.95.011006
Justyna P Zwolak, Jacob M Taylor
Arrays of quantum dots (QDs) are a promising candidate system to realize scalable, coupled qubit systems and serve as a fundamental building block for quantum computers. In such semiconductor quantum systems, devices now have tens of individual electrostatic and dynamical voltages that must be carefully set to localize the system into the single-electron regime and to realize good qubit operational performance. The mapping of requisite QD locations and charges to gate voltages presents a challenging classical control problem. With an increasing number of QD qubits, the relevant parameter space grows sufficiently to make heuristic control unfeasible. In recent years, there has been considerable effort to automate device control that combines script-based algorithms with machine learning (ML) techniques. In this Colloquium, a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the automation of QD device control is presented, with a particular emphasis on silicon- and GaAs-based QDs formed in two-dimensional electron gases. Combining physics-based modeling with modern numerical optimization and ML has proven effective in yielding efficient, scalable control. Further integration of theoretical, computational, and experimental efforts with computer science and ML holds vast potential in advancing semiconductor and other platforms for quantum computing.
量子点阵列（QDs）是实现可扩展耦合量子比特系统的理想候选系统，也是量子计算机的基本构件。在这种半导体量子系统中，器件现在有数十个单独的静电和动态电压，必须仔细设置才能将系统定位到单电子系统，并实现良好的量子比特操作性能。将所需的 QD 位置和电荷映射到栅极电压是一个具有挑战性的经典控制问题。随着 QD 量子比特数量的增加，相关参数空间也在不断扩大，使得启发式控制变得不可行。近年来，人们一直致力于将基于脚本的算法与机器学习（ML）技术相结合，实现器件控制的自动化。在本次研讨会上，将全面介绍 QD 器件控制自动化的最新进展，重点介绍在二维电子气体中形成的硅基和砷化镓基 QD。事实证明，将基于物理的建模与现代数值优化和 ML 相结合，能有效实现高效、可扩展的控制。进一步将理论、计算和实验工作与计算机科学和 ML 相结合，将为推动半导体和其他量子计算平台的发展带来巨大潜力。
{"title":"<i>Colloquium:</i> Advances in automation of quantum dot devices control.","authors":"Justyna P Zwolak, Jacob M Taylor","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.95.011006","DOIUrl":"10.1103/revmodphys.95.011006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arrays of quantum dots (QDs) are a promising candidate system to realize scalable, coupled qubit systems and serve as a fundamental building block for quantum computers. In such semiconductor quantum systems, devices now have tens of individual electrostatic and dynamical voltages that must be carefully set to localize the system into the single-electron regime and to realize good qubit operational performance. The mapping of requisite QD locations and charges to gate voltages presents a challenging classical control problem. With an increasing number of QD qubits, the relevant parameter space grows sufficiently to make heuristic control unfeasible. In recent years, there has been considerable effort to automate device control that combines script-based algorithms with machine learning (ML) techniques. In this Colloquium, a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the automation of QD device control is presented, with a particular emphasis on silicon- and GaAs-based QDs formed in two-dimensional electron gases. Combining physics-based modeling with modern numerical optimization and ML has proven effective in yielding efficient, scalable control. Further integration of theoretical, computational, and experimental efforts with computer science and ML holds vast potential in advancing semiconductor and other platforms for quantum computing.</p>","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":45.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10088060/pdf/nihms-1877609.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9364107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is found that relativistic matter wave provides a biological clock for human beings. At the first, two examples are given to show the validity of the relativistic matter wave. Next, the sunspot period, earth’s atmosphere circulation and human biological clock are investigated, the clock formula is derived.
{"title":"Biological Clock of Relativistic Matter Wave and Calculation of Human Mean Lifespan 84 Years","authors":"怀洋 崔","doi":"10.12677/mp.2023.132005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/mp.2023.132005","url":null,"abstract":"It is found that relativistic matter wave provides a biological clock for human beings. At the first, two examples are given to show the validity of the relativistic matter wave. Next, the sunspot period, earth’s atmosphere circulation and human biological clock are investigated, the clock formula is derived.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89332358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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