Pub Date : 2001-06-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530901000321
A. Patt
Climatological and agricultural research has shown that El Nino cycles in the Pacific Ocean are a good predictor of maize yields in southern Africa, particularly Zimbabwe. However, forecasters can only offer probabilistic predictions, rather than saying with certainty whether Zimbabwe will experience wet or dry conditions. In an effort to avoid confusing farmers, extension service officers translate the forecast into deterministic terms. This approach conflicts with the literature in risk communication, which suggests that participatory discussions of the full forecast content is necessary to maintain credibility over time. But most of the research on which this literature is based has taken place in industrialized countries, and it is unclear whether the lessons apply as well in places like rural Zimbabwe. To test for this, an experiment was conducted with farmers in villages throughout Zimbabwe, in which they revealed their ability to make decisions under situations of uncertainty. The results are qualitatively similar to those of similar experiments conducted in industrialized countries. This suggests that improvements could be made to current forecast communication practices in Zimbabwe.
{"title":"Understanding uncertainty: forecasting seasonal climate for farmers in Zimbabwe","authors":"A. Patt","doi":"10.1017/S1357530901000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530901000321","url":null,"abstract":"Climatological and agricultural research has shown that El Nino cycles in the Pacific Ocean are a good predictor of maize yields in southern Africa, particularly Zimbabwe. However, forecasters can only offer probabilistic predictions, rather than saying with certainty whether Zimbabwe will experience wet or dry conditions. In an effort to avoid confusing farmers, extension service officers translate the forecast into deterministic terms. This approach conflicts with the literature in risk communication, which suggests that participatory discussions of the full forecast content is necessary to maintain credibility over time. But most of the research on which this literature is based has taken place in industrialized countries, and it is unclear whether the lessons apply as well in places like rural Zimbabwe. To test for this, an experiment was conducted with farmers in villages throughout Zimbabwe, in which they revealed their ability to make decisions under situations of uncertainty. The results are qualitatively similar to those of similar experiments conducted in industrialized countries. This suggests that improvements could be made to current forecast communication practices in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530901000254
Ann-Renée Blais, E. Weber
This paper examines the effect of characteristics of the decision situation and of the decision maker on decision processes and outcomes in the context of risky choice. Male and female undergraduate students were presented with decisions from different domains of life. For each decision they indicated the likelihood with which they would use each of five decision modes (i.e., ways of making the decision): by following someone's advice, by weighing pros and cons, by following their intuition, etc. They also chose between two courses of action described for each decision and rated the perceived riskiness of both alternatives. We found that the content domain of the decision and/or the gender (or the interaction of both) of the decision maker influenced decision mode usage, and risk perception, behavior, and preference (derived within a risk-return model of risky choice). These results have implications for educational interventions and decision aids that attempt to influence or change the risky decisions of target populations.
{"title":"Domain-specificity and gender differences in decision making","authors":"Ann-Renée Blais, E. Weber","doi":"10.1017/S1357530901000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530901000254","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of characteristics of the decision situation and of the decision maker on decision processes and outcomes in the context of risky choice. Male and female undergraduate students were presented with decisions from different domains of life. For each decision they indicated the likelihood with which they would use each of five decision modes (i.e., ways of making the decision): by following someone's advice, by weighing pros and cons, by following their intuition, etc. They also chose between two courses of action described for each decision and rated the perceived riskiness of both alternatives. We found that the content domain of the decision and/or the gender (or the interaction of both) of the decision maker influenced decision mode usage, and risk perception, behavior, and preference (derived within a risk-return model of risky choice). These results have implications for educational interventions and decision aids that attempt to influence or change the risky decisions of target populations.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123058939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530901000266
S. Pollard
{"title":"An overview of the use of risk assessment for environmental regulation in the UK key drivers and regulatory initiatives","authors":"S. Pollard","doi":"10.1017/S1357530901000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530901000266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131200522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530901000242
François Moreau
This article presents a method for the management of catastrophic risks generated by industrial activities. The multi-criteria decision-making tool which we have developed does not suffer from the same limitations as decision theory or the standard approach to risk assessment and management. Our quantitative risk analysis takes into account three factors: (1) the analysis of the relative acceptability of risks to society; (2) the minimization of the mathematical expectation of financial losses using a catastrophe aversion coefficient; and (3) the preference for flexibility expressed by industrial managers. This method has been applied to the comparison between two catastrophic risks on a French chemical site.
{"title":"Managing technological catastrophic risks","authors":"François Moreau","doi":"10.1017/S1357530901000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530901000242","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a method for the management of catastrophic risks generated by industrial activities. The multi-criteria decision-making tool which we have developed does not suffer from the same limitations as decision theory or the standard approach to risk assessment and management. Our quantitative risk analysis takes into account three factors: (1) the analysis of the relative acceptability of risks to society; (2) the minimization of the mathematical expectation of financial losses using a catastrophe aversion coefficient; and (3) the preference for flexibility expressed by industrial managers. This method has been applied to the comparison between two catastrophic risks on a French chemical site.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115946531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530901000230
O. Huber, S. Macho
The influence of the probabilistic set-up (i.e., formal aspects of the presented probability information) and of the task domain on the active search for probability information in quasi-natural risky decision tasks was investigated. In each of four tasks (domains: business, medicine, social, epidemic control) 72 subjects chose between a risky alternative and one without risk. There were three conditions in relation to the probabilistic set-up: (a) In the single condition the decision concerned a single case (e.g., one person). In the two multiple conditions (b and c) the decision was for many cases (e.g., 100 persons). In (b) the decision maker had to make an either-or decision (same alternative for all cases). In (c) the subject could assign a proportion of cases to one alternative and the rest to the other one. While the probabilistic set-up had no effect on the search for probabilistic information, the task domain had a strong impact. Risky decision making has been one of the central themes of decision research for decades. Most of the relevant experiments have used and are still using simple lotteries (gambles or bets). In these experiments, the utilities of the consequences and the probabilities of obtaining the consequences are found to be the central
{"title":"Probabilistic set-up and the search for probability information in quasi- naturalistic decision tasks","authors":"O. Huber, S. Macho","doi":"10.1017/S1357530901000230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530901000230","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the probabilistic set-up (i.e., formal aspects of the presented probability information) and of the task domain on the active search for probability information in quasi-natural risky decision tasks was investigated. In each of four tasks (domains: business, medicine, social, epidemic control) 72 subjects chose between a risky alternative and one without risk. There were three conditions in relation to the probabilistic set-up: (a) In the single condition the decision concerned a single case (e.g., one person). In the two multiple conditions (b and c) the decision was for many cases (e.g., 100 persons). In (b) the decision maker had to make an either-or decision (same alternative for all cases). In (c) the subject could assign a proportion of cases to one alternative and the rest to the other one. While the probabilistic set-up had no effect on the search for probabilistic information, the task domain had a strong impact. Risky decision making has been one of the central themes of decision research for decades. Most of the relevant experiments have used and are still using simple lotteries (gambles or bets). In these experiments, the utilities of the consequences and the probabilities of obtaining the consequences are found to be the central","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117312024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530900000223
S. Cameron
{"title":"Some econometric evidence contradictory to the received wisdom on health and religion","authors":"S. Cameron","doi":"10.1017/S1357530900000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530900000223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530900000211
J. Bloom, D. Thornton, S. Stewart, P. Fobair, A. Varghese, S. Hancock
Risk notification was the initial step in a larger study to determine (1) the prevalence of cardiovascular disease as a late effect of mediastinal irradiation, and (2) whether a brief support group intervention would mitigate any negative effects of risk notification. 323 HD survivors attended a 45 minute risk notification session prior to a routine follow-up medical visit. When they arrived at the clinic and following the risk notification session, they completed surveys that included measures of mood dysphoria, sense of coherence, knowledge of late effects of treatment, and demographic factors. Two analytic models were proposed to look at the effects of risk notification: (1) psychosocial state when arriving at the clinic, and (2) psychosocial change in state following risk notification session. Pre-intervention mood distress was not significantly affected by time since the initial diagnosis, age, education, or gender. Person's who worked and those with better coping skills had lower initial mood distress. Knowledge of the late effects of treatment was not related to mood distress. Following the intervention, the more distressed a person was initially, the better the coping skills, the greater the decrease in mood distress. Partnered survivors experienced less of a decrease in distress. Knowledge of the late effects of treatment (regardless of their knowledge of cardiovascular disease as a consequence), did not effect change in mood distress. Findings were contrary to expectations. Findings are consistent with Self-Regulation theory and the Health Belief Model and are not explained by anxiety related to the medical visit itself. Limitations of the study design are discussed. The method through which risks are conveyed can reduce the psychosocial impact of risk notification.
{"title":"The effect of risk notification on mood in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease","authors":"J. Bloom, D. Thornton, S. Stewart, P. Fobair, A. Varghese, S. Hancock","doi":"10.1017/S1357530900000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530900000211","url":null,"abstract":"Risk notification was the initial step in a larger study to determine (1) the prevalence of cardiovascular disease as a late effect of mediastinal irradiation, and (2) whether a brief support group intervention would mitigate any negative effects of risk notification. 323 HD survivors attended a 45 minute risk notification session prior to a routine follow-up medical visit. When they arrived at the clinic and following the risk notification session, they completed surveys that included measures of mood dysphoria, sense of coherence, knowledge of late effects of treatment, and demographic factors. Two analytic models were proposed to look at the effects of risk notification: (1) psychosocial state when arriving at the clinic, and (2) psychosocial change in state following risk notification session. Pre-intervention mood distress was not significantly affected by time since the initial diagnosis, age, education, or gender. Person's who worked and those with better coping skills had lower initial mood distress. Knowledge of the late effects of treatment was not related to mood distress. Following the intervention, the more distressed a person was initially, the better the coping skills, the greater the decrease in mood distress. Partnered survivors experienced less of a decrease in distress. Knowledge of the late effects of treatment (regardless of their knowledge of cardiovascular disease as a consequence), did not effect change in mood distress. Findings were contrary to expectations. Findings are consistent with Self-Regulation theory and the Health Belief Model and are not explained by anxiety related to the medical visit itself. Limitations of the study design are discussed. The method through which risks are conveyed can reduce the psychosocial impact of risk notification.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128347993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1357530900000193
P. Rozbowsky, A. Semeraro, S. Cervai, D. Gregori, P. Gabassi
The aim of this study is to assess the risk of burnout among teachers.The burnout syndrome is a complex phenomenon which has been studied extensively from different perspectives. However, the focus was always on its causes and effects but seldom on the worsening processes. On the contrary, this study starts from a static analysis of the burnout (Golembiewski and Munzenrider 1998) and develops a dynamic model in order to assess the risks of worsening the current degree of burnout.The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, Italian validated Ed version) was administered to a sample of 415 Italian teachers across different levels (from primary school to university) together with some questions on socio-demographic variables. Data were submitted to factor analysis (varimax) which suggested a five-factor structure (personal accomplishment, climate, depersonalization, cynicism, emotional exhaustion). The mean values were calculated for both the three Maslach's dimensions and for the five factors and then compared: the latter seemed to provide a finer interpretation of the degree of burnout. Therefore, Golembiewski's eight-phase model was revised and all the possible passages from one phase to another were studied, with the integration of the new five sub-scales. A new phase model was developed, structured of 32 sub-phases which were then appropriately reduced to 16. This new model was used as a dynamic interpretation tool of Golembiewski's phase model. Besides, all the theoretic probabilities were calculated in order to evaluate the risk of worsening.The MBI is used as an assessment tool of the current degree of burnout and the eight-phase model is used to classify the gravity of the situation, therefore it is possible to make a diagnosis of the situation. The development of the 16 sub-phases model might provide a prognosis of the risks of burnout. Further research should be conducted to validate the model.
本研究的目的是评估教师职业倦怠的风险。倦怠综合征是一种复杂的现象，人们从不同的角度对其进行了广泛的研究。然而，焦点总是放在其原因和影响上，而很少放在恶化的过程上。相反，本研究从对倦怠的静态分析开始(Golembiewski and Munzenrider 1998)，并开发了一个动态模型，以评估当前倦怠程度恶化的风险。马斯拉赫职业倦怠量表(MBI，意大利语验证版)对415名不同水平(从小学到大学)的意大利教师进行了抽样调查，并提出了一些关于社会人口统计学变量的问题。数据被提交给因素分析(varimax)，结果显示出一个五因素结构(个人成就、气候、人格解体、玩世不恭、情绪耗竭)。计算了马斯拉克三个维度和五个因素的平均值，然后进行比较:后者似乎能更好地解释职业倦怠的程度。因此，我们对Golembiewski的八阶段模型进行了修正，研究了从一个阶段到另一个阶段的所有可能的通道，并整合了新的五个子量表。建立了一个新的相位模型，该模型由32个子相位组成，然后适当地减少到16个子相位。该模型作为Golembiewski相模型的动态解释工具。此外，还计算了所有理论概率，以评估恶化的风险。使用MBI作为当前职业倦怠程度的评估工具，并使用八阶段模型对情况的严重性进行分类，因此可以对情况进行诊断。16个子阶段模型的建立可以提供职业倦怠风险的预测。需要进一步的研究来验证模型。
{"title":"The risk of burnout: A dynamic phase model","authors":"P. Rozbowsky, A. Semeraro, S. Cervai, D. Gregori, P. Gabassi","doi":"10.1017/S1357530900000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530900000193","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to assess the risk of burnout among teachers.The burnout syndrome is a complex phenomenon which has been studied extensively from different perspectives. However, the focus was always on its causes and effects but seldom on the worsening processes. On the contrary, this study starts from a static analysis of the burnout (Golembiewski and Munzenrider 1998) and develops a dynamic model in order to assess the risks of worsening the current degree of burnout.The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, Italian validated Ed version) was administered to a sample of 415 Italian teachers across different levels (from primary school to university) together with some questions on socio-demographic variables. Data were submitted to factor analysis (varimax) which suggested a five-factor structure (personal accomplishment, climate, depersonalization, cynicism, emotional exhaustion). The mean values were calculated for both the three Maslach's dimensions and for the five factors and then compared: the latter seemed to provide a finer interpretation of the degree of burnout. Therefore, Golembiewski's eight-phase model was revised and all the possible passages from one phase to another were studied, with the integration of the new five sub-scales. A new phase model was developed, structured of 32 sub-phases which were then appropriately reduced to 16. This new model was used as a dynamic interpretation tool of Golembiewski's phase model. Besides, all the theoretic probabilities were calculated in order to evaluate the risk of worsening.The MBI is used as an assessment tool of the current degree of burnout and the eight-phase model is used to classify the gravity of the situation, therefore it is possible to make a diagnosis of the situation. The development of the 16 sub-phases model might provide a prognosis of the risks of burnout. Further research should be conducted to validate the model.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125705591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S135753090000020X
J. Littlewood, E. Elias
Research in USA and the UK has revealed that whilst the incidence of breast cancer is lower in women from black and ethnic minority groups, African and African-American women delay seeking help, have a worse prognosis, and a higher mortality rate. A variety of reasons has been suggested for this: from system delay, to delay by the women arising from educational and socio-economic disadvantage or religious beliefs. Building on this in the UK, from a study conducted in a South London Screening Clinic, a sub-sample of African and African-Caribbean women were interviewed to obtain their narratives of action in delay in seeking help for late-stage breast cancer. The findings suggest that the women were aware of the services offered, were expecting a diagnosis of cancer, but offered a model of fearing extrusion from their community rather than fear of death from the disease, leading to delay in seeking help. The reasons for this are explored and a risk trajectory in biomedicine compared with the African and African-Caribbean women's world is described.
{"title":"Risky shifts or shifting risk: African and African-Caribbean women's narratives on delay in seeking help for breast cancer","authors":"J. Littlewood, E. Elias","doi":"10.1017/S135753090000020X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S135753090000020X","url":null,"abstract":"Research in USA and the UK has revealed that whilst the incidence of breast cancer is lower in women from black and ethnic minority groups, African and African-American women delay seeking help, have a worse prognosis, and a higher mortality rate. A variety of reasons has been suggested for this: from system delay, to delay by the women arising from educational and socio-economic disadvantage or religious beliefs. Building on this in the UK, from a study conducted in a South London Screening Clinic, a sub-sample of African and African-Caribbean women were interviewed to obtain their narratives of action in delay in seeking help for late-stage breast cancer. The findings suggest that the women were aware of the services offered, were expecting a diagnosis of cancer, but offered a model of fearing extrusion from their community rather than fear of death from the disease, leading to delay in seeking help. The reasons for this are explored and a risk trajectory in biomedicine compared with the African and African-Caribbean women's world is described.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122214403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-06DOI: 10.1017/S1357530900000181
B. Liang
Background. Physician risk management (RM) has been mandated around the world in an effort to reduce pecuniary and nonpecuniary loss associated with avoidable patient injury. However, there has been little empirical RM assessment to determine whether physicians obtain an increased understanding of the law, clinical obligations defined by law, and reduced numbers of injury suits. This study attempts to begin this assessment. Methods. In this study, 210 U.S. primary care physicians were sent a survey requesting demographic information on RM activities, the definition of negligence, and evaluation of 10 patient injury jury verdict case scenarios using a Likert scale. Physicians were first asked to assess the care given by the scenario physician clinically; they were then asked to predict the actual jury verdict. Results. 138 (65.7%) responded. Although physicians participated in a broad array of RM activities, none were postitively associated with overall clinical assessment concordance with the actual jury verdicts. Indeed, over all cases, substantive self-study and RM seminar attendance Conclusion. Standard physician RM efforts may not be effective in promoting patient safety, may increase the risk of patient injury, and may not reduce pecuniary and nonpecuniary costs associated with patient injury.
{"title":"The effectiveness of physician risk management: Potential problems for patient safety","authors":"B. Liang","doi":"10.1017/S1357530900000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357530900000181","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Physician risk management (RM) has been mandated around the world in an effort to reduce pecuniary and nonpecuniary loss associated with avoidable patient injury. However, there has been little empirical RM assessment to determine whether physicians obtain an increased understanding of the law, clinical obligations defined by law, and reduced numbers of injury suits. This study attempts to begin this assessment. Methods. In this study, 210 U.S. primary care physicians were sent a survey requesting demographic information on RM activities, the definition of negligence, and evaluation of 10 patient injury jury verdict case scenarios using a Likert scale. Physicians were first asked to assess the care given by the scenario physician clinically; they were then asked to predict the actual jury verdict. Results. 138 (65.7%) responded. Although physicians participated in a broad array of RM activities, none were postitively associated with overall clinical assessment concordance with the actual jury verdicts. Indeed, over all cases, substantive self-study and RM seminar attendance Conclusion. Standard physician RM efforts may not be effective in promoting patient safety, may increase the risk of patient injury, and may not reduce pecuniary and nonpecuniary costs associated with patient injury.","PeriodicalId":212131,"journal":{"name":"Risk Decision and Policy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129441036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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