Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000006
Marcos Antonio Isaac Júnior, B. Barbosa, L. R. Gomide, N. Calegário, E. O. Figueiredo, L. O. Moras Filho, E. D. A. Melo, D. Dantas
ABSTRACT To reduce the damage caused by logging in the Amazon rainforest, new metaheuristics have been implemented and tested to ensure the sustainability of this economic segment. Therefore, this study aimed to compare alternatives for road sizing and log deck allocation. In a forest management unit, the skidding to log decks was evaluated in two different areas. To determine the skidding/log deck relation, georeferenced points were generated equally spaced every 50 m. In area 1, the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model and the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) were compared. In area 2, only the MOEA was considered. In both areas, these models were also compared to the current planning used in the forest management unit. Solutions were then generated to identify the best management alternative. In both areas, the MOEA showed greater efficiency regarding the processing time, as well as the reduction of log decks number and the road sizing. The multi-objective evolutionary approach assists the decision-making process, due to the presentation of alternatives based on Pareto-optimal solutions, making the choice more flexible and well supported.
{"title":"REDUCED-IMPACT LOGGING BY ALLOCATING LOG-DECKS USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM IN WESTERN AMAZON","authors":"Marcos Antonio Isaac Júnior, B. Barbosa, L. R. Gomide, N. Calegário, E. O. Figueiredo, L. O. Moras Filho, E. D. A. Melo, D. Dantas","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To reduce the damage caused by logging in the Amazon rainforest, new metaheuristics have been implemented and tested to ensure the sustainability of this economic segment. Therefore, this study aimed to compare alternatives for road sizing and log deck allocation. In a forest management unit, the skidding to log decks was evaluated in two different areas. To determine the skidding/log deck relation, georeferenced points were generated equally spaced every 50 m. In area 1, the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model and the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) were compared. In area 2, only the MOEA was considered. In both areas, these models were also compared to the current planning used in the forest management unit. Solutions were then generated to identify the best management alternative. In both areas, the MOEA showed greater efficiency regarding the processing time, as well as the reduction of log decks number and the road sizing. The multi-objective evolutionary approach assists the decision-making process, due to the presentation of alternatives based on Pareto-optimal solutions, making the choice more flexible and well supported.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48132529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000037
Ozias Cunha Bello, J. M. Cunha, M. Campos, Elilson Gomes de Brito Filho, M. G. Pereira, Guilherme Cardoso da Silva, Wener Silva Simões, Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos
ABSTRACT The soils of the Amazon region, despite being under one of the densest forests in the world, are mostly characterized by the low availability of nutrients, with litter being the main route of nutrient entry. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass of fine roots in the dry and rainy seasons of the year, including the organic carbon of the soil, and to compare the results in different study environments. The study was carried out in environments of native forest and reforestation aged over 20 years, located in the municipality of Humaitá – AM state. To assess the root biomass, collections were carried out in two periods of the year: dry and rainy seasons. In each of the study areas, five trenches, 0.40 m deep by 0.40 m wide, were dug manually at depths of 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm. For the organic carbon analysis, soil samples were collected in the form of clods at the same depths. The production of root biomass in the native forest environment occurred more intensely in the rainy season, reaching values of 8.19 t. ha-1, greater than 3.57 t. ha-1 found in reforestation. The density as a function of the soil volume showed that the highest concentration is found in the first 5 centimeters of depth, differing significantly in the 5-15 and 15-30 cm layers for native forest area. The organic carbon of the soil showed significance between the dry and rainy seasons for the natural forest environments and reforestation with genipap.
亚马逊地区的土壤，尽管是世界上最茂密的森林之一，但主要特征是养分有效性低，凋落物是养分进入的主要途径。本研究的目的是量化一年中旱季和雨季细根生物量，包括土壤有机碳，并比较不同研究环境下的结果。该研究是在humait - AM州市20多年的原生森林和重新造林环境中进行的。为了评估根系生物量，在一年中的两个时期进行收集:旱季和雨季。在每个研究区，人工挖掘了5条深0.40 m、宽0.40 m的沟，深度分别为0-5、5-15和15-30 cm。为了进行有机碳分析，在相同的深度以土块的形式收集土壤样本。原生森林环境的根系生物量生产在雨季更为强烈，达到8.19 t. ha-1，大于再造林环境的3.57 t. ha-1。土壤密度随土壤体积的变化规律表明，土壤密度在前5 cm土层最高，在5-15 cm和15-30 cm土层差异显著。土壤有机碳在旱季和雨季之间对天然林环境和再植具有显著意义。
{"title":"RADICULAR BIOMASS AND ORGANIC CARBON OF THE SOIL IN FOREST FORMATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN AMAZONIAN MESOREGION","authors":"Ozias Cunha Bello, J. M. Cunha, M. Campos, Elilson Gomes de Brito Filho, M. G. Pereira, Guilherme Cardoso da Silva, Wener Silva Simões, Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The soils of the Amazon region, despite being under one of the densest forests in the world, are mostly characterized by the low availability of nutrients, with litter being the main route of nutrient entry. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass of fine roots in the dry and rainy seasons of the year, including the organic carbon of the soil, and to compare the results in different study environments. The study was carried out in environments of native forest and reforestation aged over 20 years, located in the municipality of Humaitá – AM state. To assess the root biomass, collections were carried out in two periods of the year: dry and rainy seasons. In each of the study areas, five trenches, 0.40 m deep by 0.40 m wide, were dug manually at depths of 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm. For the organic carbon analysis, soil samples were collected in the form of clods at the same depths. The production of root biomass in the native forest environment occurred more intensely in the rainy season, reaching values of 8.19 t. ha-1, greater than 3.57 t. ha-1 found in reforestation. The density as a function of the soil volume showed that the highest concentration is found in the first 5 centimeters of depth, differing significantly in the 5-15 and 15-30 cm layers for native forest area. The organic carbon of the soil showed significance between the dry and rainy seasons for the natural forest environments and reforestation with genipap.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000038
M. P. Vilela, J. Andrade, R. S. Santos, V. Stein, P. C. M. S. Alves, L. V. Paiva
ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.
{"title":"INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALLUS OF THE OIL PALM HYBRID MANICORÉ","authors":"M. P. Vilela, J. Andrade, R. S. Santos, V. Stein, P. C. M. S. Alves, L. V. Paiva","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000027
C. Oliveira, K. A. D. Oliveira, J. C. Molina, V. Aquino, A. Christoforo
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of commercial thermal treatment on Eucalyptus grandis considering its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The wood samples were heat-treated in an autoclave with saturated steam and pressure application at four different temperatures: 155, 165, 175, and 185 ºC. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were altered due to the heat treatment. The extractives content varied between 6.06% and 28.75%; lignin between 28.93% and 37.96%; holocellulose between 65.01% and 38.12%. The mechanical properties reduced significantly with the increase of the heat treatment temperature. Through the set of data obtained, it was possible to generate significant and high precision regression models capable of estimating such properties for heat treatment temperatures not studied experimentally, enabling the determination of the most suitable temperature of heat treatment to achieve a certain property value of the treated wood.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF COMMERCIAL THERMAL TREATMENT ON Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden WOOD PROPERTIES","authors":"C. Oliveira, K. A. D. Oliveira, J. C. Molina, V. Aquino, A. Christoforo","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000027","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of commercial thermal treatment on Eucalyptus grandis considering its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The wood samples were heat-treated in an autoclave with saturated steam and pressure application at four different temperatures: 155, 165, 175, and 185 ºC. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were altered due to the heat treatment. The extractives content varied between 6.06% and 28.75%; lignin between 28.93% and 37.96%; holocellulose between 65.01% and 38.12%. The mechanical properties reduced significantly with the increase of the heat treatment temperature. Through the set of data obtained, it was possible to generate significant and high precision regression models capable of estimating such properties for heat treatment temperatures not studied experimentally, enabling the determination of the most suitable temperature of heat treatment to achieve a certain property value of the treated wood.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000032
R. D. Pinheiro, Vanessa Nogueira Soares, G. I. Gadotti, E. D. D. Silva, A. Almeida
ABSTRACT Ormosia grossa Rudd is an Amazonian species that presents bicolor seeds, allowing its exploration for handicraft and decoration making. This paper aimed to analyze the influence of different methods to overcome dormancy on the germinative performance of Ormosia grossa seeds. To conduct the experiment, the following treatments were established: T1= scarification with 80-grit sandpaper and water immersion at room temperature for 24 hours; T2= puncturing and water immersion at room temperature for 24 hours; T3= scarification with 80-grit sandpaper; T4= puncturing; T5= immersion in water heated to 80 ºC for five minutes, and T6= Control - seeds without any treatment. The seeds germinate slowly and irregularly. Depending on the treatment, germination started between 10 and 32 days and, if there is no adequate pre-germinative treatment to overcome dormancy, it can exceed such time. The phytomass performance and seedling lengths were superior in the T1 and T2 treatments. The scarification by abrasiveness and puncturing treatments are efficient to overcome dormancy, thus increasing the speed (3.76 and 3.12) and germination percentage (98% and 96%) after ten days. The control was 0.01 (IVG), and germination of 37%. Therefore, it is recommended the method of scarification with sandpaper followed by seed imbibition in water at room temperature for 24 hours, as it provides the best seedling performance and germination.
{"title":"GERMINATIVE PERFORMANCE OF MULUNGÚ SEEDS (Ormosia grossa Rudd) AFTER DORMANCY OVERCOMING","authors":"R. D. Pinheiro, Vanessa Nogueira Soares, G. I. Gadotti, E. D. D. Silva, A. Almeida","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ormosia grossa Rudd is an Amazonian species that presents bicolor seeds, allowing its exploration for handicraft and decoration making. This paper aimed to analyze the influence of different methods to overcome dormancy on the germinative performance of Ormosia grossa seeds. To conduct the experiment, the following treatments were established: T1= scarification with 80-grit sandpaper and water immersion at room temperature for 24 hours; T2= puncturing and water immersion at room temperature for 24 hours; T3= scarification with 80-grit sandpaper; T4= puncturing; T5= immersion in water heated to 80 ºC for five minutes, and T6= Control - seeds without any treatment. The seeds germinate slowly and irregularly. Depending on the treatment, germination started between 10 and 32 days and, if there is no adequate pre-germinative treatment to overcome dormancy, it can exceed such time. The phytomass performance and seedling lengths were superior in the T1 and T2 treatments. The scarification by abrasiveness and puncturing treatments are efficient to overcome dormancy, thus increasing the speed (3.76 and 3.12) and germination percentage (98% and 96%) after ten days. The control was 0.01 (IVG), and germination of 37%. Therefore, it is recommended the method of scarification with sandpaper followed by seed imbibition in water at room temperature for 24 hours, as it provides the best seedling performance and germination.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000033
Joana Angélica Cavalcanti Pinheiro, E. I. Fernandes-Filho, L. Gomes, V. P. Soares, T. S. Sarcinelli
ABSTRACT The reduction of forest areas in recent years has influenced landscape fragmentation, compromising ecosystem functions. The natural forest, in addition to maintaining biodiversity, is capable of improving the hydrological conditions of the watershed. This study aimed to characterize the landscape structure of the remaining forest fragments in the São Bartolomeu river basin, at the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, and to assess their physiographic and pedological representativeness. The study area is responsible for most of Viçosa’s water supply, while it is undergoing an urbanization process, reinforcing the need for ordering the use, besides the evaluation of priority areas for conservation. The studies related to the landscape structure were based on the metrics of forest fragments. The representativeness was analyzed regarding the aspects of topographic compartmentation, slope faces, and soils, using the Chi-square test. The natural forest presents fragments varying from medium to large size, with satisfactory proximity between them. However, the forest patches have irregular shapes, favoring the edge effect with a tendency towards irregularity as the fragment size increases. The results of the physiographic and pedological representativeness indicate that the land uses are dependent on the location in the landscape. According to the statistical test, the forest occurs less frequently than expected on the river terraces (48.3%) and convex slopes (2.3%), as well as on the Red-Yellow Acrisols (53.1%), and on the north (28.5%) and west (20.9%) faces. For urban planning and biodiversity conservation purposes, it is recommended to balance the forest area in the different compartments of the landscape, giving priority to the connection of forest fragments.
近年来森林面积的减少影响了景观破碎化，损害了生态系统功能。天然林除了维持生物多样性外，还能改善流域的水文条件。本研究旨在描述米纳斯吉拉斯州Zona da Mata的s o Bartolomeu河流域剩余森林碎片的景观结构，并评估其地理和土壤学代表性。研究区域负责viosa的大部分供水，而它正在经历城市化进程，除了评估优先保护区域外，还加强了订购使用的必要性。与景观结构相关的研究是基于森林破碎片的度量。采用卡方检验对地形分区、坡面和土壤的代表性进行了分析。天然林呈现大小不等的碎片，碎片之间的接近程度令人满意。然而，森林斑块形状不规则，有利于边缘效应，并随着碎片大小的增加而趋于不规则。地形学和土壤学的代表性结果表明，土地利用依赖于景观中的位置。经统计检验，河流阶地(48.3%)、凸坡(2.3%)、红黄山岗(53.1%)、北坡面(28.5%)和西坡面(20.9%)的森林出现频率低于预期。为了城市规划和生物多样性保护的目的，建议在景观的不同分区中平衡森林面积，优先考虑森林碎片的连接。
{"title":"FOREST ANALYSIS IN THE LANDSCAPE CONTEXT AT SÃO BARTOLOMEU RIVER BASIN, VIÇOSA-MG","authors":"Joana Angélica Cavalcanti Pinheiro, E. I. Fernandes-Filho, L. Gomes, V. P. Soares, T. S. Sarcinelli","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000033","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reduction of forest areas in recent years has influenced landscape fragmentation, compromising ecosystem functions. The natural forest, in addition to maintaining biodiversity, is capable of improving the hydrological conditions of the watershed. This study aimed to characterize the landscape structure of the remaining forest fragments in the São Bartolomeu river basin, at the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais State, and to assess their physiographic and pedological representativeness. The study area is responsible for most of Viçosa’s water supply, while it is undergoing an urbanization process, reinforcing the need for ordering the use, besides the evaluation of priority areas for conservation. The studies related to the landscape structure were based on the metrics of forest fragments. The representativeness was analyzed regarding the aspects of topographic compartmentation, slope faces, and soils, using the Chi-square test. The natural forest presents fragments varying from medium to large size, with satisfactory proximity between them. However, the forest patches have irregular shapes, favoring the edge effect with a tendency towards irregularity as the fragment size increases. The results of the physiographic and pedological representativeness indicate that the land uses are dependent on the location in the landscape. According to the statistical test, the forest occurs less frequently than expected on the river terraces (48.3%) and convex slopes (2.3%), as well as on the Red-Yellow Acrisols (53.1%), and on the north (28.5%) and west (20.9%) faces. For urban planning and biodiversity conservation purposes, it is recommended to balance the forest area in the different compartments of the landscape, giving priority to the connection of forest fragments.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000036
Helinara Lais Vieira Capucho, Manuel de Jesus Vieira Lima Júnior, A. Mendes, M. T. G. Lopes, Amazoneida Sá Peixoto Pinheiro, Laerte Nogueira da Silva
ABSTRACT The study on the native species of fast growth and nodulation capacity, Ormosia discolor, intends to conserve genetic resources and make available seed lots of high vigor for seed orchards. This work evaluates the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds from 20 O. discolor trees as a subsidy for selecting superior mother trees. Twenty matrices selected from a population in the state of Amazonas were inventoried. Physical tests were performed on the seeds collected, including water content, biometrics, the weight of one thousand seeds, and coat permeability test. For vigor estimates and classification regarding seed storage, the seeds were frozen for five months. The germination test was carried out at a constant temperature of 30 °C. It was used a completely randomized design consisting of 20 mother trees, 4 replicates, and 25 seeds per plot. The germination characteristics evaluated were germination percentage, speed index, mean germination time, and synchronization index. Cut seeds are more efficient for determining water content. All biometric variables are representative for the selection of vigorous lots, with emphasis on geometric diameter, surface area, and sphericity of seeds. Species seeds were classified as orthodox and as having physical dormancy. The protrusion of the primary root is the best morphological characteristic for evaluating germination in the laboratory. The mother trees 7, 16, and 10 showed superior characteristics for dendrometric and technological data, being indicated for marking, phenological monitoring, and planting.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SEEDS APPLIED TO THE SELECTION OF SUPERIOR MOTHER TREES FROM Ormosia discolor SPRUCE EX BENTH","authors":"Helinara Lais Vieira Capucho, Manuel de Jesus Vieira Lima Júnior, A. Mendes, M. T. G. Lopes, Amazoneida Sá Peixoto Pinheiro, Laerte Nogueira da Silva","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study on the native species of fast growth and nodulation capacity, Ormosia discolor, intends to conserve genetic resources and make available seed lots of high vigor for seed orchards. This work evaluates the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds from 20 O. discolor trees as a subsidy for selecting superior mother trees. Twenty matrices selected from a population in the state of Amazonas were inventoried. Physical tests were performed on the seeds collected, including water content, biometrics, the weight of one thousand seeds, and coat permeability test. For vigor estimates and classification regarding seed storage, the seeds were frozen for five months. The germination test was carried out at a constant temperature of 30 °C. It was used a completely randomized design consisting of 20 mother trees, 4 replicates, and 25 seeds per plot. The germination characteristics evaluated were germination percentage, speed index, mean germination time, and synchronization index. Cut seeds are more efficient for determining water content. All biometric variables are representative for the selection of vigorous lots, with emphasis on geometric diameter, surface area, and sphericity of seeds. Species seeds were classified as orthodox and as having physical dormancy. The protrusion of the primary root is the best morphological characteristic for evaluating germination in the laboratory. The mother trees 7, 16, and 10 showed superior characteristics for dendrometric and technological data, being indicated for marking, phenological monitoring, and planting.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000002
Kaléo Dias Pereira, A. P. S. Carneiro, G. Santos, A. Carneiro, H. Leite, Felipe Pedersoli Borges
ABSTRACT The understanding of the relationship between the properties of wood and charcoal makes it possible to improve the production of charcoal. Therefore, the random forest algorithm was used in this study to analyze the influence of eucalyptus wood properties on the quality of charcoal as well as the accuracy of the predicted values concerning the results estimated by support vector regression and multiple linear regression. Six properties of wood and six properties of charcoal obtained from the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla and from twelve clones of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia critriodora at the age of seven were measured. In the analysis, the measure of mean decrease in node impurity (residual sum of squares) calculated with the random forest and the copula correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between properties of wood and charcoal. The random forest was compared to the support vector regression and multiple linear regression through the coefficient of determination, linear correlation between observed and predicted values, mean absolute error and root mean squared error. The accuracy of the random forest was greater than that obtained with the support vector regression and multiple linear regression, mainly in terms of the coefficient of determination and the linear correlation between observed and predicted values. The yield and quality of the charcoal produced from clones were mainly influenced by the holocellulose content, heartwood/sapwood ratio, and basic wood density. The apparent relative density of charcoal was the variable in which the random forest algorithm reached the best level of explanation of the variability as a function of the properties of wood, while the minor error was observed for the fixed carbon content.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF WOOD PROPERTIES ON THE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION: APPLYING THE RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM","authors":"Kaléo Dias Pereira, A. P. S. Carneiro, G. Santos, A. Carneiro, H. Leite, Felipe Pedersoli Borges","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The understanding of the relationship between the properties of wood and charcoal makes it possible to improve the production of charcoal. Therefore, the random forest algorithm was used in this study to analyze the influence of eucalyptus wood properties on the quality of charcoal as well as the accuracy of the predicted values concerning the results estimated by support vector regression and multiple linear regression. Six properties of wood and six properties of charcoal obtained from the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla and from twelve clones of Corymbia torelliana x Corymbia critriodora at the age of seven were measured. In the analysis, the measure of mean decrease in node impurity (residual sum of squares) calculated with the random forest and the copula correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between properties of wood and charcoal. The random forest was compared to the support vector regression and multiple linear regression through the coefficient of determination, linear correlation between observed and predicted values, mean absolute error and root mean squared error. The accuracy of the random forest was greater than that obtained with the support vector regression and multiple linear regression, mainly in terms of the coefficient of determination and the linear correlation between observed and predicted values. The yield and quality of the charcoal produced from clones were mainly influenced by the holocellulose content, heartwood/sapwood ratio, and basic wood density. The apparent relative density of charcoal was the variable in which the random forest algorithm reached the best level of explanation of the variability as a function of the properties of wood, while the minor error was observed for the fixed carbon content.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000024
Juliana Formiga Botelho, Ruan Sobreira de Queiroz, M. R. Anjos, M. Souza
ABSTRACT Hypothenemus hampei is the main coffee pest in the Amazon and worldwide. Although coffee cultivation exists in the State of Amazonas, there is no information regarding the behavior of this species population in this region of Brazil. Since the Amazon region is a favorable environment for H. hampei, the present study aimed to investigate this insect population in the following cultivation systems implanted in the municipality of Humaitá, Southern Amazonas: i) coffee in native forest (CNF), ii) coffee intercropped with cupuaçu and açaí (native Brazilian fruits) (CCA) and iii) coffee in monoculture (MC). Also, the climatic and phenological parameters of the plant were used in relation with the population dynamics of the insect. For that, ten baited traps were installed in each field for the monthly sampling of the H. hampei population from July/2018 to June/2019. The highest population abundance of the insect was observed during the coffee flowering season, mainly in monoculture crops, when compared to the other intercropped fields. The total mean value of the insect population observed in the three environments evaluated was highest in August/2018, with a recorded value of 1749. The increase in rainfall indexes occurred simultaneously with a decrease in the insect population; this coincides with the end of the flowering season (October/2018, 161.8 mm) and the beginning of grain formation (November/2018, 234.8 mm). The lowest abundance of the insect observed in the coffee fields in native forest, with an abundance of 83 (CNF), indicates that the local biodiversity disfavors the population size of the pest in the environment. These results suggest that phenological phases of conilon coffee and the influence of climatic conditions can result in changes in the population dynamics of the H. hampei. Coffee agroforestry systems are more promising to maintain this population at low levels.
{"title":"POPULATION DYNAMICS OF Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) IN AGROFORESTRY AND MONOCULTURE SYSTEMS OF CONILON COFFEE IN THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE STATE OF AMAZONAS, BRAZIL","authors":"Juliana Formiga Botelho, Ruan Sobreira de Queiroz, M. R. Anjos, M. Souza","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hypothenemus hampei is the main coffee pest in the Amazon and worldwide. Although coffee cultivation exists in the State of Amazonas, there is no information regarding the behavior of this species population in this region of Brazil. Since the Amazon region is a favorable environment for H. hampei, the present study aimed to investigate this insect population in the following cultivation systems implanted in the municipality of Humaitá, Southern Amazonas: i) coffee in native forest (CNF), ii) coffee intercropped with cupuaçu and açaí (native Brazilian fruits) (CCA) and iii) coffee in monoculture (MC). Also, the climatic and phenological parameters of the plant were used in relation with the population dynamics of the insect. For that, ten baited traps were installed in each field for the monthly sampling of the H. hampei population from July/2018 to June/2019. The highest population abundance of the insect was observed during the coffee flowering season, mainly in monoculture crops, when compared to the other intercropped fields. The total mean value of the insect population observed in the three environments evaluated was highest in August/2018, with a recorded value of 1749. The increase in rainfall indexes occurred simultaneously with a decrease in the insect population; this coincides with the end of the flowering season (October/2018, 161.8 mm) and the beginning of grain formation (November/2018, 234.8 mm). The lowest abundance of the insect observed in the coffee fields in native forest, with an abundance of 83 (CNF), indicates that the local biodiversity disfavors the population size of the pest in the environment. These results suggest that phenological phases of conilon coffee and the influence of climatic conditions can result in changes in the population dynamics of the H. hampei. Coffee agroforestry systems are more promising to maintain this population at low levels.","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67138942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1806-908820210000030
Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales, L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero
ABSTRACT Green areas in cities provide several benefits to people, however, several biotic and abiotic agents affects the tree’s health. The main goals of this research were to identify tree damages and to assess the impact of mistletoe on dendrometric variables and the crown condition. Four thousand, seven hundred seventy-five trees were evaluated in 16 green areas of eight Mayoralties in Mexico City; each tree was labeled, and total tree height (Th), diameter at breast height (DBH), damage agents (up to three types), and the crown variables: Live crown ratio (Lcr), Crown dieback (Cdie), Mistletoe severity (Ms) and Crown position (Cpo) were recorded. Of the assessed trees, 3318 presented damage. For the type of damage 1, the mistletoes Cladocolea and Struthanthus showed an average incidence of 42%. For type 2, 20 agents and type 3, 11 were identified. Mechanical wounds, sucking insects, vandalism, and cankers were the most common damages. Based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), trees of all diameters and heights were infected, however, Struthanthus was associated with taller and larger diameter trees. Lcr was lower, and Cdie and Ms were higher in infected trees. About Cpo, dominant and codominant trees showed the highest levels of severity by mistletoe. The most affected tree genera were Ulmus and Populus (low Lcr and high Cdie and Ms). Cladocolea was found toward southern Mayoralties, and Struthanthus at the north. It is recommended to assess at least two types of damage on each tree, as this will provide a more complete picture of its health. This is the first study in Mexico on the impact of mistletoe on tree crown variables
{"title":"TREE DAMAGE AND MISTLETOE IMPACT ON URBAN GREEN AREAS","authors":"Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales, L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero","doi":"10.1590/1806-908820210000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green areas in cities provide several benefits to people, however, several biotic and abiotic agents affects the tree’s health. The main goals of this research were to identify tree damages and to assess the impact of mistletoe on dendrometric variables and the crown condition. Four thousand, seven hundred seventy-five trees were evaluated in 16 green areas of eight Mayoralties in Mexico City; each tree was labeled, and total tree height (Th), diameter at breast height (DBH), damage agents (up to three types), and the crown variables: Live crown ratio (Lcr), Crown dieback (Cdie), Mistletoe severity (Ms) and Crown position (Cpo) were recorded. Of the assessed trees, 3318 presented damage. For the type of damage 1, the mistletoes Cladocolea and Struthanthus showed an average incidence of 42%. For type 2, 20 agents and type 3, 11 were identified. Mechanical wounds, sucking insects, vandalism, and cankers were the most common damages. Based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), trees of all diameters and heights were infected, however, Struthanthus was associated with taller and larger diameter trees. Lcr was lower, and Cdie and Ms were higher in infected trees. About Cpo, dominant and codominant trees showed the highest levels of severity by mistletoe. The most affected tree genera were Ulmus and Populus (low Lcr and high Cdie and Ms). Cladocolea was found toward southern Mayoralties, and Struthanthus at the north. It is recommended to assess at least two types of damage on each tree, as this will provide a more complete picture of its health. This is the first study in Mexico on the impact of mistletoe on tree crown variables","PeriodicalId":21214,"journal":{"name":"Revista Arvore","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67139068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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