Safety Science最新文献_第9页

Identifying risk factors in handing and lifting loads by the analysis of near-miss and accident reports 通过分析险情和事故报告，确定搬运和提升货物的风险因素

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106701

Giuseppa Ancione, Maria Francesca Milazzo

The most significant dangers, associated with equipment for handling/lifting loads in industrial contexts, maintenance activities and intermodal transport, are overturns, collapses and load falls. Accidents have a significant potential for injury, death and damage especially in major hazard industries due the potential release of hazardous substances. The literature review shows a lack of data to be used in performing complete risk assessments in sectors where the use of cranes could increase the risk due to the plant operability. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. The analysis of the accident and near-miss reports and the construction of a database have been the starting point of this work. The definition of the correlation accident-cause, by means of the development of bowtie analyses, supports in calculating the accidental rates and in understanding the main improvements to reduce the number of the undesired events, and to support the risk management. Focusing on major accident hazards, the top events have been identified and the bowties have been developed. By using the dataset, quantitative bowties have been provided to the risk analyst for several contexts. A case-study, which is a facility inside a refinery, has been used to quantify the effect due to crane activity inside the establishment in term of frequencies. Data processing is subject to uncertainties of various kinds, linked to technological change, the greater or lesser complexity of regulations and compliance with them. The results have been validated by using a similar dataset.

在工业、维修活动和多式联运中，与搬运/提升货物的设备有关的最大危险是倾覆、倒塌和货物坠落。事故极有可能造成人员伤亡和财产损失，特别是在重大危险行业，因为可能会释放出危险物质。文献综述显示，在使用起重机可能会因设备的可操作性而增加风险的行业中，缺乏用于进行完整风险评估的数据。本研究旨在填补这一空白。分析事故和险情报告以及建立数据库是这项工作的出发点。通过开发弓形分析法来定义相关事故原因，有助于计算事故发生率，了解主要改进措施，以减少意外事件的数量，并为风险管理提供支持。以重大事故隐患为重点，确定了主要事件，并开发了 "纽带"。通过使用数据集，为风险分析师提供了多种情况下的定量指标。案例研究是炼油厂内的一个设施，用于量化该设施内起重机活动的频率影响。数据处理会受到各种不确定性的影响，这些不确定性与技术变革、法规的复杂程度和遵守情况有关。使用类似的数据集对结果进行了验证。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a virtual reality pedestrian street-crossing task: The examination of hazard perception and gap acceptance 开发虚拟现实行人过街任务：对危险感知和间隙接受度的研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106706

Joanne M. Bennett , Thomas B. McGuckian , Nathan Healy , Nikki Lam , Ralph Lucas , Kathleen Palmer , Robert G. Crowther , David A. Greene , Peter Wilson , Jonathan Duckworth

Pedestrians are a particularly vulnerable road user due to their lack of protection in the event of a crash, which makes safe road-crossing imperative. Current research on pedestrian hazard perception behaviour is limited because street-crossing tasks have not been developed using established procedures. The current study aimed to apply established driver hazard perception principles to the development of a virtual-reality pedestrian street-crossing task (VR-PSCT) which assessed hazard perception and gap acceptance separately. Un-staged street-crossing scenarios (including 36 hazard perception and 41 gap acceptance clips) were filmed at average child and adult heights using 360-degree video cameras at 24 locations across Sydney and Melbourne suburbs. Using established test creation procedures, 16 hazard perception and 17 gap acceptance clips were tested with 76 participants: 32 children (M = 9.48, SD = 1.31, 75.2 % male) and 44 adults (M = 23.45, SD = 3.46, 48 % male). Analysis of performance resulted in the removal of another nine clips, resulting in a final VR-PSCT comprising 13 hazard perception and 11 gap acceptance clips. Adults responded more often within the designated hazard and gap windows, had significantly faster response times, and accurately identified hazards more often than children. This indicates that a comparison between adults and children is a useful metric for determining clip inclusion in pedestrian tasks and provides support for the VR-PSCT being an appropriate assessment of two key pedestrian street-crossing behaviours that can be used in future research on pedestrian road safety.

行人是特别容易受到伤害的道路使用者，因为他们在发生车祸时缺乏保护，这使得安全过马路成为当务之急。目前对行人危险感知行为的研究还很有限，因为还没有使用既定程序来开发过街任务。当前的研究旨在将既定的驾驶员危险感知原则应用于虚拟现实行人过街任务（VR-PSCT）的开发，该任务可分别评估危险感知和间隙接受度。研究人员在悉尼和墨尔本郊区的 24 个地点使用 360 度摄像机，以儿童和成人的平均身高拍摄了未上演的过街场景（包括 36 个危险感知片段和 41 个间隙接受片段）。采用既定的测试创建程序，对 16 个危险感知片段和 17 个间隙接受片段进行了测试，共有 76 人参加：32 名儿童（中位数 = 9.48，标准差 = 1.31，75.2% 为男性）和 44 名成人（中位数 = 23.45，标准差 = 3.46，48% 为男性）。通过对表现进行分析，删除了另外 9 个片段，最终 VR-PSCT 由 13 个危险感知片段和 11 个间隙接受片段组成。与儿童相比，成人更经常在指定的危险和间隙窗口内做出反应，反应时间明显更快，更经常准确识别危险。这表明，成人和儿童之间的比较是确定行人任务中是否包含片段的有用衡量标准，并为 VR-PSCT 提供了支持，使其成为评估行人过马路两种关键行为的适当方法，可用于未来的行人道路安全研究中。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating the slip resistant quality of winter footwear using Artificial Intelligence 利用人工智能估算冬季鞋类的防滑质量

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106686

Kaylie Lau , Geoff Fernie , Atena Roshan Fekr

Slips and falls on ice are among the common causes of emergency department visits and hospitalizations during the winter season. These injuries are costly and can place a financial burden on healthcare systems and municipalities. Using slip resistant winter footwear is a key factor in reducing the risk of slips and eventually falls. In this study, we developed an Artificial Intelligence model that classifies high and low slip resistant footwear based on images of their outsoles. Our model was trained on a unique dataset which consisted of images of 266 winter footwear outsoles. This dataset included footwear outsoles made from rubber (n = 89), Arctic Grip (n = 101), and Green Diamond material (n = 76). The slip resistance of all footwear samples was tested and rated with a human-centered protocol called the Maximum Achievable Angle test. We applied a transfer learning technique to develop a 2D convolutional neural network to classify the outsoles as having high and low slip resistance. The best classification model used the Xception pre-trained model and obtained an accuracy and F1-score of 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. The AUC-ROC (Area Under the Curve for Receiver Operating Characteristic) was also 0.91. Our results suggest that the proposed model properly identified high and low slip resistant winter footwear outsoles. Our findings also confirmed that the footwear’s outsole tread pattern and material directly impact the footwear’s slip resistance quality. The proposed model will help footwear manufacturers to improve their workflow and increase product quality which can ultimately decrease the events of slips and falls.

冰上滑倒是冬季急诊室就诊和住院的常见原因之一。这些伤害代价高昂，会给医疗系统和市政当局带来沉重的经济负担。使用防滑的冬季鞋类是降低滑倒和最终跌倒风险的关键因素。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种人工智能模型，可根据外底图像对高防滑鞋和低防滑鞋进行分类。我们的模型是在一个独特的数据集上进行训练的，该数据集由 266 幅冬季鞋类外底图像组成。该数据集包括由橡胶（n = 89）、Arctic Grip（n = 101）和 Green Diamond 材料（n = 76）制成的鞋类外底。所有鞋类样本的防滑性都通过以人为本的最大可实现角度测试协议进行了测试和评级。我们应用迁移学习技术开发了一个二维卷积神经网络，将鞋底分为高防滑性和低防滑性。最佳分类模型使用了 Xception 预训练模型，准确率和 F1 分数分别为 0.85 和 0.89。AUC-ROC（接收器工作特性曲线下面积）也达到了 0.91。我们的结果表明，所提出的模型能正确识别高防滑和低防滑的冬季鞋类外底。我们的研究结果还证实，鞋类外底的胎面花纹和材料直接影响鞋类的防滑质量。所提出的模型将有助于鞋类制造商改进工作流程，提高产品质量，从而最终减少滑倒和跌倒事件的发生。

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引用次数: 0

A web-based safety management platform to enhance safety for Chinese migrant construction workers 加强中国建筑民工安全的网络安全管理平台

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106703

Zechen Guan , Don Amila Sajeevan Samarasinghe , Tak Wing Yiu , Ian Laird , Ravi Reddy

Over the past decade, existing research has investigated various solutions to enhance safety management on construction sites. Among the many solutions, developing a web-based safety platform has increasingly become a key element in safety improvement strategies. International research shows that safety management platforms improve migrant workers’ safety, but evidence for such interventions in New Zealand, especially for Chinese migrant construction workers, remains limited. This study built a web prototype catering to Chinese migrant construction workers in New Zealand. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews, and the effectiveness of the novel web prototype was validated based on respondents’ feedback. Results show that this safety web prototype can effectively improve the safety knowledge and safety awareness of Chinese migrant construction workers by providing local safety policies and conducting multi-frequency long-term safety training tests. The incentive function in this web prototype can motivate Chinese migrant construction workers to use this application and enhance their safety compliance. The limitations of this research include geographical restrictions and a small sample size to evaluate the effectiveness of the prototype. Future research should incorporate a larger, cross-sectional sample to assess the effectiveness of web-based safety awareness solutions, enabling more generalizable conclusions for construction workers of diverse nationalities and regions.

在过去的十年中，现有的研究调查了各种加强建筑工地安全管理的解决方案。在众多解决方案中，开发基于网络的安全平台日益成为安全改进战略的关键要素。国际研究表明，安全管理平台可以改善农民工的安全状况，但在新西兰，尤其是针对中国农民建筑工人的此类干预措施的证据仍然有限。本研究建立了一个针对新西兰华人建筑民工的网络原型。数据收集方法是半结构式访谈，并根据受访者的反馈验证了新网络原型的有效性。结果表明，该安全网络原型可通过提供当地安全政策和进行多频率的长期安全培训测试，有效提高中国建筑民工的安全知识和安全意识。该网络原型的激励功能可以激发中国建筑民工使用该应用程序的积极性，提高他们的安全合规性。本研究的局限性包括地域限制和样本量较小，无法评估原型的有效性。未来的研究应纳入更大的横截面样本，以评估基于网络的安全意识解决方案的有效性，从而为不同国籍和地区的建筑工人得出更具普遍性的结论。

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引用次数: 0

Protecting oneself while supporting the organisation: A longitudinal exploratory study of healthcare workers’ coping strategies and organisational resilience processes in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic 在支持组织的同时保护自己：对COVID-19大流行第一年医护人员的应对策略和组织复原过程的纵向探索性研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106702

Pauline Roos , Typhaine M. Juvet , Sandrine Corbaz-Kurth , Lamyae Benzakour , Sara Cereghetti , Claude-Alexandre Fournier , Gregory Moullec , Alice Nguyen , Jean-Claude Suard , Laure Vieux , Hannah Wozniak , Jacques A. Pralong , Rafaël Weissbrodt

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major source of stress for health professionals and health institutions. In response, healthcare workers adapted their behaviours to protect their health and the organisational resilience of their institutions. The study aimed to explore these individual coping and organisational resilience strategies and their evolution during the first year of the pandemic. Based on a mixed and longitudinal protocol, the study included staff from several French-speaking Swiss healthcare institutions. Participants completed an online questionnaire three times during the first year of the pandemic. They described daily problematic work situations, coping styles, and organisational resilience strategies. ‘Problem solving’ was the most frequently reported coping style, followed by ‘positive thinking’, and in a lesser extent ‘seeking social support’ and ‘avoidance’. A high level of ‘problem solving’ and ‘positive thinking’ was associated with well-managed situations, learning and development of new work practices and higher team performance. A higher level of ‘seeking social support’ and ‘avoidance’ tended to be associated with high-risk problematic situations that hindered organisation resilience. Coping strategies differed depending on profession, job tenure and hierarchical status. The article concludes with recommendations for improving both organisational resilience and individual workers’ well-being in healthcare institutions.

COVID-19 大流行给医护人员和医疗机构带来了巨大压力。作为应对措施，医护人员调整了自己的行为，以保护自己的健康和所在机构的组织复原力。本研究旨在探讨这些个人应对策略和机构复原力策略及其在大流行病第一年期间的演变情况。这项研究以混合和纵向方案为基础，研究对象包括瑞士多家法语医疗机构的工作人员。参与者在大流行的第一年内三次完成了在线问卷调查。他们描述了日常工作中遇到的问题、应对方式和组织复原策略。解决问题 "是最常见的应对方式，其次是 "积极思考"，再次是 "寻求社会支持 "和 "回避"。高水平的 "解决问题 "和 "积极思考 "与管理良好的情况、学习和发展新的工作方法以及更高的团队绩效有关。而 "寻求社会支持 "和 "回避 "的程度越高，往往与高风险的问题情境相关，从而阻碍了组织的恢复能力。应对策略因职业、工作年限和等级地位而异。文章最后就如何提高医疗机构的组织复原力和员工个人福祉提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Training and dashboard design: Impact on operator performance and mental workload for flight safety 培训和仪表板设计：对操作员绩效和飞行安全心理工作量的影响

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106700

Kuang-Jou Chen , Jia-Jing Shin , Hsuan-Lin Chu , Yan-Lin Chen , Chih-Hsing Chu , Ying-Yin Huang , Yun-Ju Lee

Pilot training, the design of flight instrument panels, and mental workload are essential elements for ensuring aviation safety. Prior studies on icon learning have shown that chunking techniques can improve understanding of icon-related information. The research explores the effects of different learning methods and instrument panel designs on learning. The study compares two types of panel layouts: a chunking layout and a long-scanning path layout. Thirty participants were enlisted and divided into two groups: one using the chunking method and a control group. The chunking group was trained to recognize instruments through functional grouping, whereas the control group received training in a random sequence. Both objective and subjective evaluations were used to assess the participants’ workload. Findings indicated that the chunking group was more efficient in visual search during training. However, the two groups had no notable differences in learning rates or NASA-TLX scores. The results support using chunking as a training strategy and an optimized panel layout to improve performance significantly. By integrating the proven benefits of chunking-based training and optimized panel layouts, the aviation industry could significantly enhance pilot efficiency and reduce mental workload, improving flight safety and operational effectiveness.

飞行员培训、飞行仪表板的设计和心理负荷是确保航空安全的基本要素。之前关于图标学习的研究表明，分块技术可以提高对图标相关信息的理解。本研究探讨了不同学习方法和仪表板设计对学习的影响。研究比较了两种面板布局：分块布局和长扫描路径布局。研究人员招募了 30 名参与者，并将其分为两组：一组采用分块法，另一组为对照组。分块法组通过功能分组训练识别仪器，而对照组则接受随机序列训练。客观和主观评价都被用来评估参与者的工作量。结果表明，在训练过程中，分块组的视觉搜索效率更高。不过，两组在学习率或 NASA-TLX 分数上没有明显差异。研究结果支持将分块作为一种训练策略，并通过优化面板布局来显著提高成绩。通过整合基于分块的培训和优化的面板布局已被证实的优点，航空业可以显著提高飞行员的效率，减少脑力劳动负荷，从而提高飞行安全和运行效率。

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引用次数: 0

Is it safe to be safe? Examining underreporting and presenteeism among European pilots: The role of employment type 安全就安全吗？研究欧洲飞行员的漏报和旷工现象：就业类型的作用

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106696

Filippa Folke, Marika Melin

Background

Atypical employment among pilots is a growing concern in the European aviation industry. Following deregulation, atypical forms of employment (e.g., being employed by subsidiaries or agencies, or on a temporary basis) have become more common, raising concerns about their implications for flight safety and pilots’ safety behaviors. It is suggested that pilots in such forms of employment experience greater job insecurity and will thus refrain from certain safety behaviors as it is more advantageous to their tenure.

Method

This cross-sectional survey study aimed at examining deviations in safety behaviors, such as underreporting and presenteeism (attending work while ill), with regards to typically and atypically employed pilots (N = 4,546).

Results

Pilots in atypical employment reported significantly higher frequencies of both presenteeism (47.5% vs. 31%) and underreporting (59.5% vs. 41.2%) when compared to their typically employed counterparts. Those atypically employed were more likely to cite fear of disciplinary action or dismissal as the reason for not adhering to safety practices. Underreporting and presenteeism were common, with organizational barriers, e.g., lack of feedback, being primary drivers, in line with previous research. Personal financial reasons were the most prevalent factor motivating presenteeism, regardless of employment type.

Conclusion

The present study highlights the frequent occurrence of presenteeism and underreporting in the European aviation industry, highlighting a need for regulatory, organizational, and safety management attention to address these inclinations. While employment type is associated with these behaviors, further research is needed to understand better the mechanisms influencing pilots’ decisions to underreport and attend work in unfit states.

背景在欧洲航空业，飞行员的非典型就业问题日益受到关注。随着管制的放松，非典型就业形式（如受雇于子公司或代理机构，或临时性就业）变得越来越普遍，这引起了人们对其对飞行安全和飞行员安全行为影响的担忧。方法这项横断面调查研究旨在研究典型飞行员和非典型飞行员（人数=4546）的安全行为偏差，如少报和缺勤（带病工作）。结果非典型就业飞行员报告的缺勤率（47.5% 对 31%）和少报率（59.5% 对 41.2%）均明显高于典型就业飞行员。非典型受雇者更有可能将害怕纪律处分或解雇作为不遵守安全操作规程的原因。报告不足和旷工是常见现象，组织障碍（如缺乏反馈）是主要驱动因素，这与以往的研究结果一致。本研究强调了欧洲航空业经常出现的旷工和少报现象，并强调了监管、组织和安全管理部门需要关注这些倾向。虽然就业类型与这些行为有关，但还需要进一步研究，以更好地了解影响飞行员决定少报和在不适合的状态下上班的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying dire evacuations in case of wildfire using trigger boundaries and case study of the 2018 Mati wildfire in Greece 利用触发边界量化野火情况下的紧急疏散，并对希腊 2018 年马蒂野火进行案例研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106691

Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos , Harry Mitchell , Erica Kuligowski , Enrico Ronchi , Guillermo Rein

Wildfire evacuation is a life-saving measure of last resort, but delays can lead to dire outcomes, putting people at risk of fire entrapment. The success or failure of an evacuation depends on the relative speeds of the wildfire and the evacuation, and this varies across communities and wildfires. Despite the importance of understanding this dynamic, no formal framework exists to define or quantify a dire evacuation, and the term is often used informally in technical literature. This paper proposes a method for quantitatively defining dire evacuations using trigger boundaries. Trigger boundaries are perimeters indicating that the time left before a wildfire reaches a community equals the time required for evacuation. By treating both wildfire spread and evacuation times as probabilistic variables, we introduce an evacuation safety factor to assess the likelihood of a dire evacuation. This factor ranges from 1 (no risk of dire evacuation) to 0 (100% risk). Trigger boundaries thus define the latest wildfire location with a low risk of a dire evacuation. The 2018 Mati wildfire in Greece illustrates this approach. In Mati, fast-moving flames led to a dire evacuation with 104 fatalities. Our model shows that its evacuation safety factor was well below 1 even from the moment the wildfire was detected, indicating a high probability of dire evacuation from the start. This methodology can be applied to past wildfires for forensic analysis or to guide future evacuation strategies. Identifying trigger boundaries allows communities to prepare more effectively for wildfire threats and enhance their safety plans.

野火疏散是拯救生命的最后手段，但延误疏散可能会导致可怕的后果，使人们面临被大火困住的危险。疏散的成败取决于野火和疏散的相对速度，而这在不同社区和野火中也各不相同。尽管了解这种动态变化非常重要，但目前还没有正式的框架来定义或量化可怕的疏散，技术文献中也经常非正式地使用这一术语。本文提出了一种使用触发边界来定量定义紧急疏散的方法。触发边界是指野火到达社区之前的剩余时间等于撤离所需时间的边界。通过将野火蔓延和疏散时间视为概率变量，我们引入了一个疏散安全系数来评估发生紧急疏散的可能性。该系数的范围从 1（无紧急疏散风险）到 0（100% 风险）。因此，触发边界定义了发生紧急疏散风险较低的最新野火地点。2018 年希腊马蒂野火就说明了这种方法。在马蒂，快速移动的火焰导致了严重的人员疏散，造成 104 人死亡。我们的模型显示，即使从检测到野火的那一刻起，其疏散安全系数就远低于 1，这表明从一开始就进行紧急疏散的可能性很高。这种方法可用于对过去的野火进行取证分析或指导未来的疏散策略。确定触发边界可以让社区更有效地应对野火威胁并加强其安全计划。

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引用次数: 0

Human factors validation of complex human-technology systems – Need for updating the technical basis and improving the guides and standards 复杂人-技系统的人为因素验证 - 需要更新技术基础并改进指南和标准

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106697

Per Øivind Braarud , Jinkyun Park , Jitae Kim , Johnny Short

Human Factors validation is a critical step in the design and development of complex human-technology systems such as nuclear power plants. Unfortunately, frequent validation challenges are reported by designers, vendors, and authorities, and this presents challenges when determining the acceptability of system design due to inefficient test scenarios, and inadequate human performance measures. This means that whilst existing guides and standards attempt to provide technical advice and a common basis for different stakeholders, validation teams continue to report limitations in the levels of support provided. This paper discusses a number of these human factors validation challenges and makes recommendations for future research to improve the technical basis of guides and standards.

人因验证是设计和开发核电站等复杂人机工程系统的关键步骤。遗憾的是，设计人员、供应商和权威机构经常报告验证方面的挑战，这给确定系统设计的可接受性带来了挑战，原因是测试场景效率低下，人的表现措施不足。这意味着，尽管现有的指南和标准试图为不同的利益相关者提供技术建议和共同基础，但验证团队仍然报告说，所提供的支持水平有限。本文讨论了其中一些人为因素验证方面的挑战，并对未来研究提出了建议，以改进指南和标准的技术基础。

引用次数: 0

Redefining health, risk, and safety for occupational settings: A mixed-methods study 重新定义职业环境中的健康、风险和安全：混合方法研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Safety Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106698

Nektarios Karanikas, Haroun Zerguine

Clear and specific definitions are essential in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practice and research, guiding the development of methods, tools, and metrics for effective management. However, there remains a lack of consensus within the field when defining health, risk, and safety. This study addresses this gap by proposing comprehensive definitions of these constructs based on the combination of empirical data from workshops conducted at a major construction company in Australia with literature from various disciplines. The qualitative analysis of participant responses and thematic coding of definitions from various disciplines revealed diverse perspectives on health, risk, and safety, highlighting the need for context-specific definitions tailored to different organisational levels. Hence, this study recommends simplified, summarised, and comprehensive definitions of these constructs to enhance clarity and consistency in OHS communication and practice. These definitions aim to foster a shared understanding and improve the effectiveness of OHS initiatives across different contexts. The paper also discusses several theoretical, practical, and ethical implications these definitions may have for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers regarding the scope of health, risk, and safety, their relationships, and the validity of related constructs such as risk assessment and safety performance. Finally, our study advocates a shift from mainly approaching OHS as a business objective towards viewing it more as a positive duty and public health area.

在职业健康与安全（OHS）实践和研究中，明确而具体的定义至关重要，它可以指导制定有效管理的方法、工具和衡量标准。然而，在对健康、风险和安全进行定义时，该领域仍然缺乏共识。为了弥补这一不足，本研究结合澳大利亚一家大型建筑公司研讨会的经验数据和各学科的文献资料，提出了这些概念的综合定义。通过对参与者的回答进行定性分析，并对不同学科的定义进行主题编码，发现了人们对健康、风险和安全的不同观点，突出了针对不同组织级别的具体环境定义的必要性。因此，本研究建议对这些概念进行简化、概括和综合定义，以提高职业健康安全交流和实践的清晰度和一致性。这些定义旨在促进共同理解，提高不同背景下职业健康安全倡议的有效性。本文还讨论了这些定义对研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者在健康、风险和安全的范围、它们之间的关系以及风险评估和安全绩效等相关概念的有效性方面可能产生的一些理论、实践和道德影响。最后，我们的研究提倡将职业健康和安全从主要作为商业目标转向更多地将其视为一种积极的责任和公共卫生领域。

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引用次数: 0