Summary: In Internet communication, electronic writing is the only way to conduct relationships, in contrast to other communication situations such as telephone and face-to-face conversations. This means that participants are obliged to explain and manifest the structural elements of their interactions in writing. Written conversations have to formulate explicit substitutes for communication cues, such as tone of voice, body language and dress, that are implicit in everyday social interaction. From this point of view, the study of such conversations may throw some light on the mechanisms used for structuring social relations in general.
{"title":"Structuring a communication space on the Internet. Newsgroups, web sites and email","authors":"Valérie Beaudouin, J. Velkovska, P. Ridel","doi":"10.3406/RESO.2000.3354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.2000.3354","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: In Internet communication, electronic writing is the only way to conduct relationships, in contrast to other communication situations such as telephone and face-to-face conversations. This means that participants are obliged to explain and manifest the structural elements of their interactions in writing. Written conversations have to formulate explicit substitutes for communication cues, such as tone of voice, body language and dress, that are implicit in everyday social interaction. From this point of view, the study of such conversations may throw some light on the mechanisms used for structuring social relations in general.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121340629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: Discourse on cultural practices does not always correspond to the reality revealed by surveys. The difference between this reality and the image some people have is partly due to generation gaps. The author supports her argument with a synthesis of empirical studies conducted in Denmark on children's and adolescents' uses of various media. Among other differences, she notes the widening gap between young boys and girls.
{"title":"Netsurfers and Game Navigators: New media and youthful leisure cultures in Denmark","authors":"K. Drotner","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1999.3350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1999.3350","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Discourse on cultural practices does not always correspond to the reality revealed by surveys. The difference between this reality and the image some people have is partly due to generation gaps. The author supports her argument with a synthesis of empirical studies conducted in Denmark on children's and adolescents' uses of various media. Among other differences, she notes the widening gap between young boys and girls.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121707366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: The redefinition of national models for regulating the telecommunications sector, under way since the 1980s, has been characterized by sharp differences in processes and forms - despite significant convergence on a number of points. An understanding of these differences requires an analysis of the dual process of deconstruction of the traditional public service model, and social reconstruction of a new model. Such analysis reveals, behind the apparent similarities of institutional systems based on a public service monopoly, the true diversity in the conception and implementation of this model. It also becomes clear that the insertion ofsectorial problematics in a social debate and political game (of which the rules and content are marked by cultures, political and economic histories and singular contexts), informs the renegotiation and terms of a compromise. The comparative approach adopted here enables us to grasp the significance of political issues and specific forms of political regulation peculiar to each country, in the definition of institutional conditions and in the different paths ofsectorial regulation.
{"title":"Challenging the public service model in European telecommunications. Politics in sectorial regulation","authors":"Edith Brenac, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1996.3313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1996.3313","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The redefinition of national models for regulating the telecommunications sector, under way since the 1980s, has been characterized by sharp differences in processes and forms - despite significant convergence on a number of points. An understanding of these differences requires an analysis of the dual process of deconstruction of the traditional public service model, and social reconstruction of a new model. Such analysis reveals, behind the apparent similarities of institutional systems based on a public service monopoly, the true diversity in the conception and implementation of this model. It also becomes clear that the insertion ofsectorial problematics in a social debate and political game (of which the rules and content are marked by cultures, political and economic histories and singular contexts), informs the renegotiation and terms of a compromise. The comparative approach adopted here enables us to grasp the significance of political issues and specific forms of political regulation peculiar to each country, in the definition of institutional conditions and in the different paths ofsectorial regulation.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128641768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: The observation of uses of the telephone and related practices in a group of young Parisians sharing a degree of social exclusion and linked by a sense of affinity reveals the importance of this communication tool in the organization and functioning of the group. This network of friends is built on a foundation of leisure activities and shared interests (music, parties, fashion, etc.). The very regular telephone contact reflects their need for strong cohesive relationships. It also attests to the adhesion of each member to the group and to his or her ability to use the network of friends to organize daily activities.
{"title":"Get connected! Social uses of the telephone and modes of interaction in a peer group of young Parisians","authors":"V. Manceron, P. Ridel","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1997.3330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1997.3330","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The observation of uses of the telephone and related practices in a group of young Parisians sharing a degree of social exclusion and linked by a sense of affinity reveals the importance of this communication tool in the organization and functioning of the group. This network of friends is built on a foundation of leisure activities and shared interests (music, parties, fashion, etc.). The very regular telephone contact reflects their need for strong cohesive relationships. It also attests to the adhesion of each member to the group and to his or her ability to use the network of friends to organize daily activities.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131606449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: This study concerns the consumption of superhero comics in the USA and in France. Drawing on a series of interviews and letters published in magazines over the past three decades, the article shows that, for a considerable part of its readership, this medium represents more than the transmission of a traditional masculinity; it is a means of learning a new and complex identity. The author concludes that the learning of gender identities cannot be seen as a univocal process of inculcation of predetermined roles.
{"title":"Strange Grew Up With Me: Sentimentality and masculinity in readers of superhero comics","authors":"Eric Maigret, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1999.3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1999.3347","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: This study concerns the consumption of superhero comics in the USA and in France. Drawing on a series of interviews and letters published in magazines over the past three decades, the article shows that, for a considerable part of its readership, this medium represents more than the transmission of a traditional masculinity; it is a means of learning a new and complex identity. The author concludes that the learning of gender identities cannot be seen as a univocal process of inculcation of predetermined roles.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130623492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: This article proposes an examination of the different levels of intervention of the notion of context in the ergonomie analysis of work, and methodology for taking them into account, particularly in cooperative work. We successively discuss the perceptive, cognitive, communicational, organisational and cultural contexts which determine and give meaning to the activity of human operators. Each level of context is discussed from a theoretical point of view, and illustrated by case studies. We then propose a methodology for identifying the different determining contextual aspects in a work situation. The main principle in which this methodology is grounded is the analysis of activity. We conclude by proposing guidelines to facilitate the process ofcontextualisation in work. These proposals are illustrated by concrete examples of assistance in the taking into account of context.
{"title":"Various levels of context analysis in the ergonomic study of cooperative work","authors":"L. Karsenty, B. Pavard, C. Schoch","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1998.3342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1998.3342","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: This article proposes an examination of the different levels of intervention of the notion of context in the ergonomie analysis of work, and methodology for taking them into account, particularly in cooperative work. We successively discuss the perceptive, cognitive, communicational, organisational and cultural contexts which determine and give meaning to the activity of human operators. Each level of context is discussed from a theoretical point of view, and illustrated by case studies. We then propose a methodology for identifying the different determining contextual aspects in a work situation. The main principle in which this methodology is grounded is the analysis of activity. We conclude by proposing guidelines to facilitate the process ofcontextualisation in work. These proposals are illustrated by concrete examples of assistance in the taking into account of context.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114328666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: Sociology misses the point when it discusses public opinion, for three reasons: it reduces a notion with an important normative role to the status of a descriptive category; it reifies the distinction between facts and opinions; and it ignores its own role in shaping that same socially constructed objectivity by which it measures opinion. This article outlines a new approach to the formation of opinions as a dynamic, normative activity dependent on an internal relationship between personal views and a representative and discursive general opinion, with its objectivization rooted in realities made mutually manifest in everyday discussions and actions.
{"title":"Opinion: The economy of likelihood. An introduction to a praxeological approach to public opinion","authors":"L. Quéré","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1993.3275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1993.3275","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Sociology misses the point when it discusses public opinion, for three reasons: it reduces a notion with an important normative role to the status of a descriptive category; it reifies the distinction between facts and opinions; and it ignores its own role in shaping that same socially constructed objectivity by which it measures opinion. This article outlines a new approach to the formation of opinions as a dynamic, normative activity dependent on an internal relationship between personal views and a representative and discursive general opinion, with its objectivization rooted in realities made mutually manifest in everyday discussions and actions.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: A description of the constraints on human agents in the operation of technological apparatus enables the author to illuminate two dimensions generally overlooked in the paradigms of action: attention-vigilance and the capacity to adapt with time. These essential capacities, without which there could be no responsible agent, determine the human agent's level of control, allowing for both routine and the invention of practical solutions in critical situations. Based on the comparison of three areas of activity (nuclear, civil aviation and road transport) in which the question of risk is central to the conception and organization of technological devices, this article shows how decisions in the work place need to come to terms with constraints of presence and responsibility.
{"title":"Vigilance and transformation. Corporal presence and responsability in the operation of technological apparatus","authors":"F. Chateauraynaud, L. Libbrecht","doi":"10.3406/reso.1998.3343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reso.1998.3343","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: A description of the constraints on human agents in the operation of technological apparatus enables the author to illuminate two dimensions generally overlooked in the paradigms of action: attention-vigilance and the capacity to adapt with time. These essential capacities, without which there could be no responsible agent, determine the human agent's level of control, allowing for both routine and the invention of practical solutions in critical situations. Based on the comparison of three areas of activity (nuclear, civil aviation and road transport) in which the question of risk is central to the conception and organization of technological devices, this article shows how decisions in the work place need to come to terms with constraints of presence and responsibility.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114819018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: This article offers a way of categorising viewers' involvement in Television by type of response, with particular reference to popular soap operas. It postulates four types of viewer engagement, each capable of further elaboration and of co-existing within the same person. The author also explores the ambivalence of viewer engagement and the relative effectiveness of its positive and negative aspects.
{"title":"Notes on the struggle to define involvement in television viewing.","authors":"T. Liebes","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1996.3304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1996.3304","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: This article offers a way of categorising viewers' involvement in Television by type of response, with particular reference to popular soap operas. It postulates four types of viewer engagement, each capable of further elaboration and of co-existing within the same person. The author also explores the ambivalence of viewer engagement and the relative effectiveness of its positive and negative aspects.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122681179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary: This article examines the contribution of the economy of conventions to economic analysis. It is part of current research into economic agents' modes of coordination, based on a critique of standard neoclassical theory. Throughout this research, the main aim of the economy of conventions is to establish a dialectic of the individual and the collective within coordination mechanisms. In so doing, it advances theoretical propositions on the nature of individuals and organizations, as well as on the procedure for transitions from one to the other. The argument defended in this article is that such a research programme is incompatible with the postulate of methodological individualism from which the conventionalists claim to draw their inspiration. But is is not compatible with holism either. It thus implies questioning the basis for the opposition between individualism and holism, that is, the division of labour between the social sciences at the end of the last century. It is therefore not clear how the economy of conventions could renew economic analysis without challenging its foundations.
{"title":"Convention Theory and Economics","authors":"Alain Rallet, David Motlow","doi":"10.3406/RESO.1995.3295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/RESO.1995.3295","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: This article examines the contribution of the economy of conventions to economic analysis. It is part of current research into economic agents' modes of coordination, based on a critique of standard neoclassical theory. Throughout this research, the main aim of the economy of conventions is to establish a dialectic of the individual and the collective within coordination mechanisms. In so doing, it advances theoretical propositions on the nature of individuals and organizations, as well as on the procedure for transitions from one to the other. The argument defended in this article is that such a research programme is incompatible with the postulate of methodological individualism from which the conventionalists claim to draw their inspiration. But is is not compatible with holism either. It thus implies questioning the basis for the opposition between individualism and holism, that is, the division of labour between the social sciences at the end of the last century. It is therefore not clear how the economy of conventions could renew economic analysis without challenging its foundations.","PeriodicalId":213999,"journal":{"name":"Réseaux. The French journal of communication","volume":"51 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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