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How beliefs about tampering with nature influence support for enhanced geothermal systems: A cross-national study. 对破坏自然的看法如何影响对强化地热系统的支持:一项跨国研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1111/risa.17656
Julia Cousse, Katherine McComas, Catherine Lambert, Dominic Balog-Way, Evelina Trutnevyte

Many believe that enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) can greatly increase the extraction of geothermal energy worldwide, helping to decarbonize heat and electricity production. Effective communication is key to realizing the potential of EGS, yet we currently know little about how the public perceives this emerging technology. This exploratory study contributes to the literature with a cross-national survey in the United States (n = 1003) and Switzerland (n = 1028), two countries with active EGS projects. Specifically, we explore how EGS support relates to beliefs about the deep underground and perceptions of EGS as tampering with nature. The results show that respondents tend to perceive the deep underground as part of nature, dangerous, and unpredictable. The majority are positive about using the deep underground as a resource, although there were variations regarding specific underground activities. In both countries, EGS support is greater for respondents who perceive the underground as something for human use, perceive more benefits than risks from EGS, and support their country's transition to renewable energy. In Switzerland, EGS support is positively related to trust in industry developers and negatively related to perceptions that EGS is tampering with nature. The results offer novel theoretical insights into perceptions of the deep underground in relation to energy development. From a practical standpoint, the results suggest that those seeking to develop EGS may want to consider how to familiarize individuals with current subsurface energy activities, including efforts to protect the underground from unwanted consequences of "tampering," alongside engaging in discussions about the risks and benefits of EGS.

许多人认为,强化地热系统(EGS)可以大大提高全球地热能源的开采量,帮助实现热能和电力生产的去碳化。有效的沟通是实现 EGS 潜力的关键,但我们目前对公众如何看待这项新兴技术知之甚少。这项探索性研究通过在美国(n = 1003)和瑞士(n = 1028)这两个拥有活跃 EGS 项目的国家进行跨国调查,为相关文献做出了贡献。具体而言,我们探讨了对 EGS 的支持与人们对地下深处的看法以及对 EGS 破坏自然的看法之间的关系。结果显示,受访者倾向于认为地下深处是大自然的一部分,具有危险性和不可预测性。尽管在具体的地下活动方面存在差异,但大多数人对将地下深处作为一种资源加以利用持积极态度。在这两个国家,认为地下资源可供人类使用、认为 EGS 带来的好处多于风险、支持本国向可再生能源转型的受访者对 EGS 的支持度更高。在瑞士,对 EGS 的支持与对行业开发商的信任呈正相关,与认为 EGS 破坏自然的看法呈负相关。研究结果为人们了解地下深处与能源开发的关系提供了新颖的理论见解。从实践的角度来看,研究结果表明,那些寻求开发 EGS 的人可能需要考虑如何让人们熟悉当前的地下能源活动,包括努力保护地下免受 "篡改 "带来的不必要后果,同时参与有关 EGS 风险和益处的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Resilience patterns of urban road networks under the worst-case localized disruptions. 城市道路网络在最坏情况下局部中断的弹性模式。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14236
Chongyang Du, Min Ouyang, Hui Zhang, Bo Wang, Naiyu Wang

Recent events, including COVID-19, extreme floods, and explosion accidents, commonly induced localized closures and disruptions of urban road networks (URNs), resulting in significant impacts on human mobility and socio-economic activities. Existing studies on URN resilience to those events mainly took few cases for empirical studies, limiting our understanding on the URN resilience patterns across different cities. By conducting a large-scale nationwide resilience analysis of URNs in 363 cities in mainland China, this study attempts to uncover the resilience patterns of URNs against the worst-case single (SLDs) and multiple localized disruptions (MLDs). Results show that the distance from the worst-case SLD to the city center would be less than 5 km in 62.3% cities, as opposed to more than 15 km in 14.3% cities. Moreover, the average road network resilience of cities in western China could be 7% and 13% smaller than that of the eastern cities under the worst-case SLDs and MLDs, respectively. This inequality in the worst-case resilience is partly attributable to variations in urban socio-economic, infrastructure-related, and topographic factors. These findings could inspire nationwide pre-disaster mitigation strategies to cope with localized disruptions and help transfer insights for mitigation strategies against disruptive events across cities.

最近发生的事件,包括新冠肺炎、极端洪水和爆炸事故,通常导致城市道路网(URNs)局部封闭和中断,对人类流动和社会经济活动产生重大影响。现有的关于URN对这些事件的恢复力的研究主要采用很少的案例进行实证研究,这限制了我们对不同城市URN恢复力模式的理解。通过对中国大陆363个城市的URNs进行大规模的全国复原力分析,本研究试图揭示URNs对最坏情况单点(SLD)和多点局部破坏(MLD)的复原力模式。结果显示,62.3%的城市从最坏的SLD到市中心的距离小于5公里,而14.3%的城市超过15公里。此外,在最坏的SLD和MLD下,中国西部城市的平均路网弹性可能分别比东部城市低7%和13%。这种最坏情况下恢复力的不平等部分归因于城市社会经济、基础设施相关和地形因素的变化。这些发现可能会启发全国范围内的灾前缓解策略,以应对局部破坏,并有助于在城市间传播针对破坏性事件的缓解策略的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Intuitive toxicology in the 21st century-Bridging the perspectives of the public and risk assessors in Europe. 21 世纪的直观毒理学--沟通欧洲公众和风险评估者的观点。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14296
Angela Bearth, Nicolas Roth, Martin F Wilks, Michael Siegrist

Three decades ago, several articles on the subjectivity in chemical risk judgments (i.e., labeled "intuitive toxicology") measured the divide between the public and toxicologists with different backgrounds regarding the validity of predicting health effects based on in vivo studies. Similar divides with impacts on societal discourse and chemical risk assessment practices might exist concerning alternative toxicity testing methods (i.e., in vitro and in silico). However, studies to date have focused either on the public's views of in vivo or stem cell testing or on experts' views of in vivo testing and potential alternatives (i.e., toxicologists and medical students), which do not allow for a direct investigation of potential divides. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted two online surveys, involving members of the German-speaking public in Switzerland and European human health risk assessors, respectively. This article presents the results of these two surveys regarding the divide in the public's and risk assessors' perspectives on risk assessment based on in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing. Particularly, the survey with the risk assessors highlights that, beyond scientific and regulatory barriers, alternatives to in vivo testing may encounter individual hurdles, such as higher uncertainty associated with them. Understanding and addressing these hurdles will be crucial to facilitate the integration of new approach methodologies into chemical risk assessment practices as well as a successful transition toward next-generation risk assessment, bringing us closer to a fit-for-purpose and more efficient regulatory landscape.

三十年前,几篇关于化学品风险判断的主观性(即 "直觉毒理学")的文章衡量了公众与不同背景的毒理学家在基于体内研究预测健康影响的有效性方面的分歧。在替代毒性测试方法(即体外和硅学)方面,也可能存在类似的分歧,并对社会讨论和化学品风险评估实践产生影响。然而,迄今为止的研究要么侧重于公众对体内或干细胞测试的看法,要么侧重于专家(即毒理学家和医科学生)对体内测试和潜在替代方法的看法,无法直接调查潜在的分歧。为了填补这一知识空白,我们进行了两项在线调查,分别涉及瑞士德语公众和欧洲人体健康风险评估员。本文介绍了这两项调查的结果,即公众和风险评估员对基于体内、体外和硅学测试的风险评估的看法存在分歧。特别是对风险评估员的调查突出表明,除了科学和监管方面的障碍外,体内测试的替代品可能会遇到个别障碍,如与之相关的不确定性较高。了解和解决这些障碍对于促进将新方法融入化学品风险评估实践以及成功过渡到下一代风险评估至关重要,这将使我们更接近于一个适合目的和更高效的监管环境。
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引用次数: 0
Mitigating imported fuel dependency in agricultural production: Case study of an island nation's vulnerability to global catastrophic risks. 减轻农业生产对进口燃料的依赖:一个岛国易受全球灾难性风险影响的案例研究。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14297
Matt Boyd, Sam Ragnarsson, Simon Terry, Ben Payne, Nick Wilson

A major global catastrophe would likely disrupt trade in liquid fuels. Countries dependent on imported oil products might struggle to sustain industrial agriculture. Island nations importing 100% of refined fuels are particularly vulnerable. Our case study aimed to estimate the agricultural land area and biofuel volumes needed to feed the population of New Zealand in the absence of trade. Results showed that stored diesel would quickly be exhausted with ordinary use (weeks) and even with strict rationing (months). To preserve fuel, we found that farming wheat (requiring as little as 5.4 million liters [L] of diesel per annum) was more fuel-efficient than potatoes (12.3) or dairy (38.7) to feed the national population under a climate-as-usual scenario. In a nuclear winter scenario, with reduced agricultural yields, proportionately greater diesel is needed. The wheat would require 24% of current grain-cropped land, and the canola crop used as feedstock for the required biofuel would occupy a further 1%-7%. Investment in canola biodiesel or renewable diesel refineries could ensure supply for the bare minimum agricultural liquid fuel needs. Were subsequent analysis to favor this option as part of a fuels resilience response and as a tradeoff for routine food use, expansion in refining and canola cropping before a catastrophe could be encouraged through market mechanisms, direct government investment, or a combination of these. Logistics of biofuel refining scale-up, post-catastrophe, should also be analyzed. Further, biodiesel produced in normal times would help the nation meet its emissions reduction targets. Other countries should conduct similar analyses.

全球重大灾难可能会破坏液体燃料贸易。依赖进口石油产品的国家可能难以维持工业化农业。100%进口精炼燃料的岛国尤其容易受到影响。我们的案例研究旨在估算在没有贸易的情况下,养活新西兰人口所需的农业用地面积和生物燃料数量。结果表明,在正常使用情况下(数周),甚至在严格配给的情况下(数月),储存的柴油很快就会耗尽。为了保存燃料,我们发现,在 "气候照常 "情景下,种植小麦(每年只需 540 万升柴油)比种植土豆(12.3 升)或奶制品(38.7 升)养活全国人口更节省燃料。在核冬天情景下,由于农业减产,需要的柴油也相应增加。小麦需要目前谷物种植面积的 24%,而用作所需生物燃料原料的油菜籽作物将再占 1%-7%。投资油菜籽生物柴油或可再生柴油提炼厂可确保供应最低限度的农业液体燃料需求。如果后续分析倾向于将这一方案作为燃料抗灾对策的一部分,并将其作为常规粮食使用的一种权衡手段,则可通过市场机制、政府直接投资或这些措施的组合,鼓励在灾难发生前扩大炼油和油菜籽种植规模。还应分析灾难发生后扩大生物燃料提炼规模的后勤问题。此外,正常情况下生产的生物柴油将有助于该国实现减排目标。其他国家也应进行类似分析。
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引用次数: 0
How useful is setting safety goals? 设定安全目标有多大用处?
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14320
Shin-Etsu Sugawara

The study explores the multifaceted role of safety goals in fostering a risk-informed culture, reflecting the global experience within the nuclear safety domain. Analysis of the phases of transition evoked by establishing and applying safety goals sheds light on the need for epistemic, reflexive, and practical transitions for better management of nuclear safety. This pivotal role of safety goals underscores the importance of recognizing them not as ready-to-use turnkey products but as catalysts for stakeholder dialog, reassessment of existing safety paradigms, and regulatory framework refinement. Finally, this study explores the challenges associated with standardizing safety goals globally and navigating the transition process within the framework of transition management.

本研究探讨了安全目标在促进风险知情文化中的多方面作用,反映了核安全领域的全球经验。对建立和应用安全目标所引起的过渡阶段的分析,揭示了为更好地管理核安全而进行认识、反思和实践过渡的必要性。安全目标的这一关键作用强调了将其视为利益相关者对话、重新评估现有安全范例和完善监管框架的催化剂的重要性,而不是将其视为可立即使用的 "交钥匙 "产品。最后,本研究探讨了与全球安全目标标准化和在过渡管理框架内引导过渡进程有关的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Rage against the machine? Framing societal threat and efficacy in YouTube videos about artificial intelligence. 对机器的愤怒?YouTube人工智能视频中的社会威胁和功效框架。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14299
Andreas Schwarz, Janina Jacqueline Unselt

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a part of the mainstream public discourse beyond expert communities about its risks, benefits, and need for regulation. In particular, since 2014, the news media have intensified their coverage of this emerging technology and its potential impact on most domains of society. Although many studies have analyzed traditional media coverage of AI, analyses of social media, especially video-sharing platforms, are rare. In addition, research from a risk communication perspective remains scarce, despite the widely recognized potential threats to society from many AI applications. This study aims to detect recurring patterns of societal threat/efficacy in YouTube videos, analyze their main sources, and compare detected frames in terms of reach and response. Using a theoretical framework combining framing and risk communication, the study analyzed the societal threat/efficacy attributed to AI in easily accessible YouTube videos published in a year when public attention to AI temporarily peaked (2018). Four dominant AI frames were identified: the balanced frame, the high-efficacy frame, the high-threat frame, and the no-threat frame. The balanced and no-threat frames were the most prevalent, with predominantly positive and neutral AI narratives that neither adequately address the risks nor the necessary societal response from a normative risk communication perspective. The results revealed the specific risks and benefits of AI that are most frequently addressed. Video views and user engagement with AI videos were analyzed. Recommendations for effective AI risk communication and implications for risk governance were derived from the results.

人工智能(AI)的风险、益处和监管需求已成为专家群体之外主流公共讨论的一部分。特别是自 2014 年以来,新闻媒体加强了对这一新兴技术及其对社会大多数领域潜在影响的报道。虽然许多研究分析了传统媒体对人工智能的报道,但对社交媒体,尤其是视频共享平台的分析却很少见。此外,尽管许多人工智能应用对社会的潜在威胁已得到广泛认可,但从风险沟通角度进行的研究仍然很少。本研究旨在检测 YouTube 视频中反复出现的社会威胁/效应模式,分析其主要来源,并比较检测到的框架在传播范围和响应方面的情况。本研究采用了一个结合框架和风险沟通的理论框架,分析了在公众对人工智能的关注度暂时达到顶峰的一年(2018 年)中发布的、容易获取的 YouTube 视频中归因于人工智能的社会威胁/效能。研究确定了四种占主导地位的人工智能框架:平衡框架、高效力框架、高威胁框架和无威胁框架。平衡框架和无威胁框架最为普遍,主要是正面和中性的人工智能叙事,从规范性风险交流的角度来看,它们既没有充分应对风险,也没有采取必要的社会应对措施。研究结果揭示了人工智能最常涉及的具体风险和益处。对人工智能视频的浏览量和用户参与度进行了分析。根据研究结果,提出了有效进行人工智能风险交流的建议以及对风险治理的影响。
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引用次数: 0
How does climate change risk affect energy poverty? International evidence. 气候变化风险如何影响能源贫困?国际证据。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14316
Jinyu Chen, Xianfeng Luo, Qian Ding

Based on cross-country data from 2002 to 2019, we explore the impact of climate change risk (CCR) on energy poverty (EP), and the moderating role in the CCR-EP nexus is also discussed. The empirical results suggest that CCR can exacerbate EP, especially for rural areas. Moderating effect analysis shows that financial development, technological innovation, and adaptation readiness can modify the negative impacts of CCR on EP to some extent. Moreover, the impact of CCR on EP is heterogeneous, demonstrating that CCR is more likely to exacerbate EP in countries with low economic development, low economic freedom, high carbon intensity, and the Africa region. Our findings emphasize the challenge of balancing EP alleviation with climate change response and provide the policy guidance to promote coordinated development of CCR management and energy supply security.

基于 2002 年至 2019 年的跨国数据,我们探讨了气候变化风险(CCR)对能源贫困(EP)的影响,并讨论了气候变化风险与能源贫困之间的调节作用。实证结果表明,气候变化风险会加剧能源贫困,尤其是在农村地区。调节效应分析表明,金融发展、技术创新和适应准备可在一定程度上改变《共同碳循环公约》对环境影响的负面影响。此外,碳循环对环境影响的影响是多方面的,这表明在经济发展水平低、经济自由度低、碳强度高的国家和非洲地区,碳循环更有可能加剧环境影响。我们的研究结果强调了在缓解环境问题与应对气候变化之间取得平衡所面临的挑战,并为促进碳中和管理与能源供应安全的协调发展提供了政策指导。
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引用次数: 0
Preferences in AI algorithms: The need for relevant risk attitudes in automated decisions under uncertainties. 人工智能算法中的偏好:不确定情况下的自动决策需要相关的风险态度。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14268
Elisabeth Paté-Cornell

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve life and reduce risks by providing large amounts of information embedded in big databases and by suggesting or implementing automated decisions under uncertainties. Yet, in the design of a prescriptive AI algorithm, some problems may occur, first and clearly, if the AI information is wrong or incomplete. But the main point of this article is that under uncertainties, the decision algorithm, rational or not, includes, in one way or another, a risk attitude in addition to deterministic preferences. That risk attitude implemented in the software is chosen by the analysts, the organization that they serve, the experts who inform them, and more generally by the process of identifying possible options. The problem is that it may or may not represent, as it should, the preferences of the actual decision maker (the risk manager) and of the people subjected to his/her decisions. This article briefly describes the sometimes-serious problem of that discrepancy between the preferences of the risk managers who use an AI output, and the risk attitude embedded in the AI system. The recommendation is to make these AI factors as accessible and transparent as possible and to allow for preference adjustments in the model if needed. The formulation of two simplified examples is described, that of a medical doctor and his/her patient when using an AI system to decide of a treatment option, and that of a skipper in a sailing race such as the America's Cup, receiving AI-processed sensor signals about the sailing conditions on different possible courses.

人工智能(AI)通过提供嵌入在大型数据库中的大量信息,以及在不确定情况下建议或执行自动决策,具有改善生活和降低风险的潜力。然而,在设计规定性人工智能算法时,如果人工智能信息有误或不完整,首先可能会出现一些问题。但本文的主要观点是,在不确定情况下,决策算法无论是否理性,除了确定性偏好之外,还以某种方式包含了风险态度。在软件中实施的风险态度是由分析人员、他们所服务的组织、为他们提供信息的专家,以及更普遍的由确定可能选项的过程所选择的。问题是,它可能代表实际决策者(风险管理者)的偏好,也可能不代表受其决策影响的人的偏好。本文简要介绍了使用人工智能输出结果的风险管理者的偏好与人工智能系统中嵌入的风险态度之间有时存在的严重差异问题。我们的建议是尽可能使这些人工智能因素具有可访问性和透明度,并在必要时允许在模型中对偏好进行调整。本文描述了两个简化示例的制定过程,一个是医生和他/她的病人使用人工智能系统决定治疗方案,另一个是帆船比赛(如美洲杯帆船赛)的船长接收人工智能处理的传感器信号,了解不同可能赛道的航行条件。
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引用次数: 0
It is, uh, very likely? The impact of prosodic uncertainty cues on the perception and interpretation of spoken verbal probability phrases. 很有可能?前音不确定性线索对口语概率短语的感知和解释的影响。
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14319
Ruben D Vromans, Charlot C M van de Ven, Sanne J W Willems, Emiel J Krahmer, Marc G J Swerts

People typically use verbal probability phrases when discussing risks ("It is likely that this treatment will work"), both in written and spoken communication. When speakers are uncertain about risks, they can nonverbally signal this uncertainty by using prosodic cues, such as a rising, question-like intonation or a filled pause ("uh"). We experimentally studied the effects of these two prosodic cues on the listener's perceived speaker certainty and numerical interpretation of spoken verbal probability phrases. Participants (N = 115) listened to various verbal probability phrases that were uttered with a rising or falling global intonation and with or without a filled pause before the probability phrase. For each phrase, they gave a point estimate of their numerical interpretation in percentages and indicated how certain they thought the speaker was about the correctness of the probability phrase. Speakers were perceived as least certain when the verbal probability phrases were spoken with both prosodic uncertainty cues. Interpretation of verbal probability phrases varied widely across participants, especially when rising intonation was produced by the speaker. Overall, high probability phrases (e.g., "very likely") were estimated as lower (and low probability phrases, such as "unlikely," as higher) when they were uttered with a rising intonation. The effects of filled pauses were less pronounced, as were the uncertainty effects for medium probability phrases (e.g., "probable"). These results stress the importance of nonverbal communication when verbally communicating risks and probabilities to people, for example, in the context of doctor-patient communication.

在讨论风险时,人们通常会使用口头概率短语("这种治疗方法很可能有效"),无论是在书面交流还是口语交流中都是如此。当说话者对风险感到不确定时,他们可以使用一些非言语的前音提示来表示这种不确定性,例如上扬的、类似于疑问句的语调或充满停顿的语气("呃")。我们通过实验研究了这两种前音线索对听者感知说话者的确定性和口语概率短语的数字解释的影响。受试者(N = 115)聆听了各种口头概率短语,这些短语的整体语调有升有降,概率短语之前有无停顿。对于每个短语,受试者都会以百分比的形式给出数字解释的估计值,并指出他们认为说话者对该概率短语的正确性有多大把握。当口头概率短语同时使用两种不确定性的前音线索时,说话者被认为是最不确定的。不同受试者对言语概率短语的解释差异很大,尤其是当说话者发出上升语调时。总体而言,当说话者语调上升时,高概率短语(如 "很有可能")的估计值较低(而低概率短语(如 "不太可能")的估计值较高)。填充停顿的影响不那么明显,中等可能性短语(如 "很可能")的不确定性影响也是如此。这些结果强调了在向人们口头传达风险和概率时,例如在医患交流中,非语言交流的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
How do multidimensional energy justices work?: Specifying the role of anthropocentric and ecological justice in the acceptance of solar energy. 多维能源正义是如何发挥作用的?
IF 3 3区 医学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/risa.17650
Sehyeok Jeon, Seoyong Kim, Miri Kim

This study analyzed the acceptance of solar energy in terms of energy justice. The critical issue of energy supply, demand, and transition is a process of social redistribution of risks from old to new energy systems. The question of the appropriate distribution of risks for the energy system is closely related to energy justice. Previous studies are limited in empirically testing whether or not energy justice can contribute to the acceptance of new energy system. In addition, previous studies have heavily depended on energy justice in terms of anthropocentric type. Anthropocentric definitions of energy justice have focused primarily on the benefits and costs allocated only to humans. Such an anthropocentric view of justice lacks consideration of the value of various ecological beings. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the role of not only four anthropocentric types of energy justices but also on for four ecological ones in the acceptance of solar energy. The analysis reveals that recognitive justice, generational justice, deep ecological justice, social ecological justice, and distributional justice positively influence the acceptance of solar energy, whereas procedural justice, restorative justice, and eco-socialist justice have no effect on it. In particular, this study found that recognitive justice moderates the effect of personal norms on acceptance of solar energy, whereas restorative justice moderates the effect of knowledge on it.

本研究从能源公正的角度分析了人们对太阳能的接受程度。能源供应、需求和转型的关键问题是社会风险从旧能源系统向新能源系统重新分配的过程。能源系统风险的适当分配问题与能源公正密切相关。以往的研究在实证检验能源公正是否有助于新能源系统的接受方面存在局限性。此外,以往的研究在很大程度上依赖于以人类为中心的能源公正类型。以人类为中心的能源公正定义主要关注的是仅分配给人类的利益和成本。这种以人类为中心的公正观缺乏对各种生态生命价值的考虑。因此,本研究旨在揭示四种以人类为中心的能源公正类型以及四种生态公正类型在太阳能接受过程中的作用。分析表明,认可正义、代际正义、深层生态正义、社会生态正义和分配正义对太阳能接受度有积极影响,而程序正义、恢复正义和生态社会主义正义则没有影响。特别是,本研究发现,认可正义调节了个人规范对太阳能接受度的影响,而恢复性正义调节了知识对太阳能接受度的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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