Soon Hyeong So, Sunwoo Kim, Minsu Kim, Donghyun Kim, Taehwan Kim, Kiwon Eum, Yun Ho Kim, Junghwan Kim, Dae Woo Kim
We report the application of mixed-matrix membranes for high-temperature hydrogen separation. To enhance hydrogen selectivity, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were incorporated into ZIF-8 fillers, forming a physically confined structure conducive to hydrogen transport. The metal-organic framework (MOF)/GNR filler embedded into a polyimide (PI) matrix yielded a much higher H2 permeability (298 Barrer, +40%) and H2/N2 selectivity (15, +25%) than the neat PI membrane. In particular, the as-prepared asymmetric membrane achieved a H2 permeance of 212 ± 45 Gas Permeation Unit (GPU) and H2/N2 selectivity of 19 ± 2 at 35°C. Remarkably, at 300°C, the H2 permeance rose to 775 ± 139 GPU while maintaining a H2/N2 selectivity of 13 ± 1, outperforming polymer-based membranes. A techno-economic analysis of an NH3 cracking process demonstrated that this high permeance reduces membrane area requirements by 68.2% and lowers H2 separation costs by 35.1% compared with operation at 35°C, leading to a 9.8% reduction in the levelized cost of hydrogen.
本文报道了混合基质膜在高温氢分离中的应用。为了提高氢的选择性，将石墨烯纳米带（gnr）加入到ZIF-8填料中，形成有利于氢传输的物理受限结构。将金属有机骨架(MOF)/GNR填料嵌入聚酰亚胺（PI）基质中，其H2渗透率（298 Barrer, +40%）和H2/N2选择性（15,+25%）明显高于纯PI膜。特别是，制备的不对称膜在35℃时H2渗透率为212±45 Gas permeability Unit (GPU)， H2/N2选择性为19±2。值得注意的是，在300°C时，H2透过率上升到775±139 GPU，同时保持了13±1的H2/N2选择性，优于聚合物基膜。对NH3裂解工艺的技术经济分析表明，与在35℃下操作相比，这种高透性使膜面积需求减少了68.2%，H2分离成本降低了35.1%，从而使氢气的平准化成本降低了9.8%。
{"title":"Metal-organic framework/graphene nanoribbon/polyimide mixed-matrix membranes for high-temperature H2/N2 separation","authors":"Soon Hyeong So, Sunwoo Kim, Minsu Kim, Donghyun Kim, Taehwan Kim, Kiwon Eum, Yun Ho Kim, Junghwan Kim, Dae Woo Kim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >We report the application of mixed-matrix membranes for high-temperature hydrogen separation. To enhance hydrogen selectivity, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were incorporated into ZIF-8 fillers, forming a physically confined structure conducive to hydrogen transport. The metal-organic framework (MOF)/GNR filler embedded into a polyimide (PI) matrix yielded a much higher H<sub>2</sub> permeability (298 Barrer, +40%) and H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity (15, +25%) than the neat PI membrane. In particular, the as-prepared asymmetric membrane achieved a H<sub>2</sub> permeance of 212 ± 45 Gas Permeation Unit (GPU) and H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 19 ± 2 at 35°C. Remarkably, at 300°C, the H<sub>2</sub> permeance rose to 775 ± 139 GPU while maintaining a H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 13 ± 1, outperforming polymer-based membranes. A techno-economic analysis of an NH<sub>3</sub> cracking process demonstrated that this high permeance reduces membrane area requirements by 68.2% and lowers H<sub>2</sub> separation costs by 35.1% compared with operation at 35°C, leading to a 9.8% reduction in the levelized cost of hydrogen.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cong Yin, John T. Abatzoglou, Matthew W. Jones, Alison C. Cullen, Mojtaba Sadegh, Juanle Wang, Yangxiaoyue Liu
Concurrent extreme fire weather creates favorable conditions for widespread large fires, which can complicate the coordination of fire suppression resources and degrade regional air quality. Here, we examine the patterns and trends of intra- and interregional synchronous fire weather (SFW) and explore their links to climate variability and air quality impacts. We find climatologically elevated intraregional SFW in boreal regions, as well as interregional synchronicity among northern temperate and boreal regions. Significant increases in SFW occurred during 1979 to 2024, with more than a twofold increase observed in most regions. We estimate that over half of the observed increase is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Internal modes of climate variability strongly influence SFW in several regions, including Equatorial Asia, which experiences 43 additional intraregional SFW days during El Niño years. Furthermore, SFW is strongly correlated with regional fire-sourced PM2.5 in multiple regions globally. These findings highlight the growing challenges posed by SFW for firefighting coordination and human health.
{"title":"Increasing synchronicity of global extreme fire weather","authors":"Cong Yin, John T. Abatzoglou, Matthew W. Jones, Alison C. Cullen, Mojtaba Sadegh, Juanle Wang, Yangxiaoyue Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Concurrent extreme fire weather creates favorable conditions for widespread large fires, which can complicate the coordination of fire suppression resources and degrade regional air quality. Here, we examine the patterns and trends of intra- and interregional synchronous fire weather (SFW) and explore their links to climate variability and air quality impacts. We find climatologically elevated intraregional SFW in boreal regions, as well as interregional synchronicity among northern temperate and boreal regions. Significant increases in SFW occurred during 1979 to 2024, with more than a twofold increase observed in most regions. We estimate that over half of the observed increase is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Internal modes of climate variability strongly influence SFW in several regions, including Equatorial Asia, which experiences 43 additional intraregional SFW days during El Niño years. Furthermore, SFW is strongly correlated with regional fire-sourced PM<sub>2.5</sub> in multiple regions globally. These findings highlight the growing challenges posed by SFW for firefighting coordination and human health.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cong Yin, John T. Abatzoglou, Matthew W. Jones, Alison C. Cullen, Mojtaba Sadegh, Juanle Wang, Yangxiaoyue Liu
Concurrent extreme fire weather creates favorable conditions for widespread large fires, which can complicate the coordination of fire suppression resources and degrade regional air quality. Here, we examine the patterns and trends of intra- and interregional synchronous fire weather (SFW) and explore their links to climate variability and air quality impacts. We find climatologically elevated intraregional SFW in boreal regions, as well as interregional synchronicity among northern temperate and boreal regions. Significant increases in SFW occurred during 1979 to 2024, with more than a twofold increase observed in most regions. We estimate that over half of the observed increase is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Internal modes of climate variability strongly influence SFW in several regions, including Equatorial Asia, which experiences 43 additional intraregional SFW days during El Niño years. Furthermore, SFW is strongly correlated with regional fire-sourced PM 2.5 in multiple regions globally. These findings highlight the growing challenges posed by SFW for firefighting coordination and human health.
{"title":"Increasing synchronicity of global extreme fire weather","authors":"Cong Yin, John T. Abatzoglou, Matthew W. Jones, Alison C. Cullen, Mojtaba Sadegh, Juanle Wang, Yangxiaoyue Liu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx8813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx8813","url":null,"abstract":"Concurrent extreme fire weather creates favorable conditions for widespread large fires, which can complicate the coordination of fire suppression resources and degrade regional air quality. Here, we examine the patterns and trends of intra- and interregional synchronous fire weather (SFW) and explore their links to climate variability and air quality impacts. We find climatologically elevated intraregional SFW in boreal regions, as well as interregional synchronicity among northern temperate and boreal regions. Significant increases in SFW occurred during 1979 to 2024, with more than a twofold increase observed in most regions. We estimate that over half of the observed increase is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. Internal modes of climate variability strongly influence SFW in several regions, including Equatorial Asia, which experiences 43 additional intraregional SFW days during El Niño years. Furthermore, SFW is strongly correlated with regional fire-sourced PM <jats:sub>2.5</jats:sub> in multiple regions globally. These findings highlight the growing challenges posed by SFW for firefighting coordination and human health.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Machowska, Natalia Szostak, Adrian Tire, Wladyslaw Wegorek, Malwina Suszynska, Arkadiusz Kajdasz, Paulina Galka-Marciniak, Anna Philips, Piotr Kozlowski
A growing number of mutations are being identified in the noncoding genome, including microRNA (miRNA) genes; however, little is known about the consequences of these mutations and how harmful they are to the functioning of miRNA genes. To evaluate the effects of miRNA gene mutations, we took advantage of a large collection of somatic mutations identified in miRNA genes in >10,000 The Cancer Genome Atlas cancer samples and compared them with the corresponding miRNA sequencing data. Using different analytical approaches and rigorous statistical criteria, we revealed that a substantial fraction of mutations is deleterious for the proper functioning of miRNA genes affecting the level of mature miRNAs, isomiR profiles (precision of DROSHA/DICER1 cleavage), and/or 5p/3p miRNA strand balance. We also showed that most mutations, especially those identified as deleterious, destabilize the structure of miRNA precursors. The analysis showed that many miRNA gene mutations can damage miRNA genes and, if located in disease-related miRNA genes, may be pathogenic variants.
{"title":"miRNA gene mutations commonly disrupt the proper functioning of miRNA genes","authors":"Magdalena Machowska, Natalia Szostak, Adrian Tire, Wladyslaw Wegorek, Malwina Suszynska, Arkadiusz Kajdasz, Paulina Galka-Marciniak, Anna Philips, Piotr Kozlowski","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea6079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea6079","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of mutations are being identified in the noncoding genome, including microRNA (miRNA) genes; however, little is known about the consequences of these mutations and how harmful they are to the functioning of miRNA genes. To evaluate the effects of miRNA gene mutations, we took advantage of a large collection of somatic mutations identified in miRNA genes in >10,000 The Cancer Genome Atlas cancer samples and compared them with the corresponding miRNA sequencing data. Using different analytical approaches and rigorous statistical criteria, we revealed that a substantial fraction of mutations is deleterious for the proper functioning of miRNA genes affecting the level of mature miRNAs, isomiR profiles (precision of DROSHA/DICER1 cleavage), and/or 5p/3p miRNA strand balance. We also showed that most mutations, especially those identified as deleterious, destabilize the structure of miRNA precursors. The analysis showed that many miRNA gene mutations can damage miRNA genes and, if located in disease-related miRNA genes, may be pathogenic variants.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Yang, Chen Nie, Yingyu Qin, Xinxin Liang, Yifan Chen, Zenan Zhou, Tao Zhou, Tao Zhang, Yilin Cui, Ming Pang, Jiadong Wang, Weibin Wang
R-loop metabolism is closely associated with genome stability and tumors. Here, we identify an exonuclease REXO4, which collaborates with RNaseH1 endonuclease to degrade R-loops in an “endo/exo-cleavage coupling” manner. Specifically, REXO4 directly degrades the RNA strand in R-loops from the end or internal nick through its 3′-5′ exonuclease activity and stimulates RNaseH1 endonuclease activity. The genome-wide R-loop regions regulated by REXO4 highly overlap with those regulated by RNaseH1, and REXO4 overexpression counteracts genome-wide R-loop accumulation caused by RNaseH1 deficiency. Furthermore, REXO4-deficient tumors display elevated R-loop mutation burden, and tumor patient-derived mutations in REXO4 enzymatic region all impair R-loop cleavage activity. Besides, we identify a compound 17 (named REXO4-IN-17) capable of inhibiting REXO4 nuclease activity. Interfering with REXO4 increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to alkylating and G4 stabilizing chemotherapeutic drugs and activates cGAS-mediated antitumor immunity. Therefore, our study proposes an endo/exo-cleavage coupling the R-loop processing model, which provides additional insights into the link between R-loop–associated genome instability, antitumor immunity, and tumors.
R-loop代谢与基因组稳定性和肿瘤密切相关。在这里，我们鉴定了一个外切酶REXO4，它与RNaseH1内切酶合作，以“内/外切偶联”的方式降解r -环。具体来说，REXO4通过其3 ‘ -5 ’外切酶活性直接从末端或内部缺口降解r -环中的RNA链，并刺激RNaseH1内切酶活性。REXO4调控的全基因组R-loop区域与RNaseH1调控的区域高度重叠，REXO4过表达抵消了RNaseH1缺失引起的全基因组R-loop积累。此外，缺乏REXO4的肿瘤表现出更高的r环突变负担，肿瘤患者衍生的REXO4酶区突变都损害了r环切割活性。此外，我们还鉴定出一种能够抑制REXO4核酸酶活性的化合物17（命名为REXO4- in -17）。干扰REXO4可增加肿瘤细胞对烷基化和G4稳定化疗药物的敏感性，激活cgas介导的抗肿瘤免疫。因此，我们的研究提出了一个内切/外切耦合r环加工模型，这为r环相关的基因组不稳定性、抗肿瘤免疫和肿瘤之间的联系提供了额外的见解。
{"title":"R-loop processing via REXO4-RNaseH1–mediated endo- and exo-cleavage coupling mode prevents genome instability and antitumor immunity","authors":"Han Yang, Chen Nie, Yingyu Qin, Xinxin Liang, Yifan Chen, Zenan Zhou, Tao Zhou, Tao Zhang, Yilin Cui, Ming Pang, Jiadong Wang, Weibin Wang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >R-loop metabolism is closely associated with genome stability and tumors. Here, we identify an exonuclease REXO4, which collaborates with RNaseH1 endonuclease to degrade R-loops in an “endo/exo-cleavage coupling” manner. Specifically, REXO4 directly degrades the RNA strand in R-loops from the end or internal nick through its 3′-5′ exonuclease activity and stimulates RNaseH1 endonuclease activity. The genome-wide R-loop regions regulated by REXO4 highly overlap with those regulated by RNaseH1, and REXO4 overexpression counteracts genome-wide R-loop accumulation caused by RNaseH1 deficiency. Furthermore, REXO4-deficient tumors display elevated R-loop mutation burden, and tumor patient-derived mutations in REXO4 enzymatic region all impair R-loop cleavage activity. Besides, we identify a compound 17 (named REXO4-IN-17) capable of inhibiting REXO4 nuclease activity. Interfering with REXO4 increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to alkylating and G4 stabilizing chemotherapeutic drugs and activates cGAS-mediated antitumor immunity. Therefore, our study proposes an endo/exo-cleavage coupling the R-loop processing model, which provides additional insights into the link between R-loop–associated genome instability, antitumor immunity, and tumors.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayi Wang, Fan Wang, Jingwen Liu, Yao Xiao, Zhaoyang Li, Xiaonan Liu, Peilin Zhang, Fei Wang, Wenguo Cui, Shen Liu
Chemotactic migration of peritendinous nerves is essential for tendon regeneration, yet the underlying neuroelectrical mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify an electrically responsive yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3)/neuropilin-1 (NRP1) signaling axis in sensory neurons. Electrical stimulation enhances YAP1-pSTAT3 interaction, promotes pSTAT3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, and up-regulates NRP1 to support growth of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–positive sensory fibers. Guided by these findings, we engineered a bifunctional piezoelectric patch composed of poly(vinylidene difluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and regenerated silk fibroin@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (RSF@P:P), coupling mechanically induced electrical cues with dynamic lubrication. Under ultrasound activation, the P(VDF-TrFE) layer generates localized electrical signals that facilitate sensory-nerve and vascular ingrowth, while the RSF@P:P layer undergoes piezoelectric-triggered gel-sol transition to form a low-friction interface and reduce adhesion. In rat and Bama minipig models, the patch markedly enhanced tendon regeneration and decreased adhesion scores by ~50%. These findings establish a neuroelectrically guided strategy for enhancing tendon healing.
{"title":"Activation of the YAP1/pSTAT3/NRP1 axis in peritendinous sensory nerves promotes tendon healing","authors":"Jiayi Wang, Fan Wang, Jingwen Liu, Yao Xiao, Zhaoyang Li, Xiaonan Liu, Peilin Zhang, Fei Wang, Wenguo Cui, Shen Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Chemotactic migration of peritendinous nerves is essential for tendon regeneration, yet the underlying neuroelectrical mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify an electrically responsive yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3)/neuropilin-1 (NRP1) signaling axis in sensory neurons. Electrical stimulation enhances YAP1-pSTAT3 interaction, promotes pSTAT3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, and up-regulates NRP1 to support growth of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–positive sensory fibers. Guided by these findings, we engineered a bifunctional piezoelectric patch composed of poly(vinylidene difluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] and regenerated silk fibroin@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (RSF@P:P), coupling mechanically induced electrical cues with dynamic lubrication. Under ultrasound activation, the P(VDF-TrFE) layer generates localized electrical signals that facilitate sensory-nerve and vascular ingrowth, while the RSF@P:P layer undergoes piezoelectric-triggered gel-sol transition to form a low-friction interface and reduce adhesion. In rat and Bama minipig models, the patch markedly enhanced tendon regeneration and decreased adhesion scores by ~50%. These findings establish a neuroelectrically guided strategy for enhancing tendon healing.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max O. Kluger, Richard A. Melchert, José M. Moratalla, Tehnuka Ilanko, David J. Lowe, Vicki G. Moon, Pilar Villamor, Jordanka Chaneva, Nic Ross, Rolando P. Orense
Assessing seismic hazards in regions with hidden or poorly expressed faults is one of the major challenges in paleoseismology today. Here, we used computed tomography imaging to quantify the dimensions and distribution of liquefaction structures in ≤17.5–thousand-year-old tephra layers in 18 lakes scattered across the poorly expressed Hamilton Basin fault system in northern New Zealand. These “tephra seismites,” embedded in unconsolidated, organic-bearing lake sediment, increase in occurrence and dimensions toward known faults and indicate the occurrence of a local hidden fault segment. Through incorporating peak ground acceleration modeling, we found that the spatial distribution of tephra seismites directly relates to the ground shaking induced by near-field fault ruptures. We used the variability in tephra seismites within the stratigraphic record and tephrochronology to better constrain the recurrence intervals and magnitudes of paleoearthquakes from both the Hamilton Basin and adjacent Hauraki Basin fault systems. Our methodology is globally applicable in volcanic and tectonic regions where liquefaction structures are preserved among (hidden) faults.
{"title":"Tephra seismites—Understanding seismic hazard of hidden faults by analyzing liquefied tephra layers in lakes","authors":"Max O. Kluger, Richard A. Melchert, José M. Moratalla, Tehnuka Ilanko, David J. Lowe, Vicki G. Moon, Pilar Villamor, Jordanka Chaneva, Nic Ross, Rolando P. Orense","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Assessing seismic hazards in regions with hidden or poorly expressed faults is one of the major challenges in paleoseismology today. Here, we used computed tomography imaging to quantify the dimensions and distribution of liquefaction structures in ≤17.5–thousand-year-old tephra layers in 18 lakes scattered across the poorly expressed Hamilton Basin fault system in northern New Zealand. These “tephra seismites,” embedded in unconsolidated, organic-bearing lake sediment, increase in occurrence and dimensions toward known faults and indicate the occurrence of a local hidden fault segment. Through incorporating peak ground acceleration modeling, we found that the spatial distribution of tephra seismites directly relates to the ground shaking induced by near-field fault ruptures. We used the variability in tephra seismites within the stratigraphic record and tephrochronology to better constrain the recurrence intervals and magnitudes of paleoearthquakes from both the Hamilton Basin and adjacent Hauraki Basin fault systems. Our methodology is globally applicable in volcanic and tectonic regions where liquefaction structures are preserved among (hidden) faults.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scale and timing of genetic contributions from ancient millet- and rice-farming populations in China to Southeast Asian populations remain incompletely understood, particularly concerning Y-chromosome diversity. Here, a comprehensive dataset of Chinese Y-chromosome variations, including 1507 high-coverage sequences from ethnolinguistically diverse groups, was analyzed alongside 780 ancient genomes from eastern Eurasia and 1748 low-coverage sequences from Southeast Asia. We reconstructed a high-resolution, time-calibrated Y-chromosome phylogeny, revealing multiple male-biased expansions associated with Neolithic cultural innovations in South China. These expansions markedly shaped the paternal ancestry of both South China and mainland Southeast Asia. Founding lineages linked to Hmong-Mien and Tai-Kadai speakers were traced, revealing notable growth during the Middle Neolithic. Phylogeographic structure, network analyses, and haplogroup distributions indicate complex demographic interactions that established the genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers in Southeast Asia. These findings highlight recurrent southward migrations of Chinese farmer-related groups and their enduring influence on the paternal genetic landscape of ancient and present-day Southeast Asians.
{"title":"Multiple southward migrations of Neolithic Chinese farmers into Southeast Asia revealed from large-scale Y-chromosome sequences","authors":"Mengge Wang, Yunhui Liu, Lintao Luo, Zhiyong Wang, Yuhang Feng, Ting Yang, Jing Chen, Yufeng Liu, Yuguo Huang, Qiuxia Sun, Shuhan Duan, Xinyu Lin, Jie Zhong, Bowen Li, Kaijun Liu, Haibing Yuan, Chao Liu, Renkuan Tang, Guanglin He","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The scale and timing of genetic contributions from ancient millet- and rice-farming populations in China to Southeast Asian populations remain incompletely understood, particularly concerning Y-chromosome diversity. Here, a comprehensive dataset of Chinese Y-chromosome variations, including 1507 high-coverage sequences from ethnolinguistically diverse groups, was analyzed alongside 780 ancient genomes from eastern Eurasia and 1748 low-coverage sequences from Southeast Asia. We reconstructed a high-resolution, time-calibrated Y-chromosome phylogeny, revealing multiple male-biased expansions associated with Neolithic cultural innovations in South China. These expansions markedly shaped the paternal ancestry of both South China and mainland Southeast Asia. Founding lineages linked to Hmong-Mien and Tai-Kadai speakers were traced, revealing notable growth during the Middle Neolithic. Phylogeographic structure, network analyses, and haplogroup distributions indicate complex demographic interactions that established the genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers in Southeast Asia. These findings highlight recurrent southward migrations of Chinese farmer-related groups and their enduring influence on the paternal genetic landscape of ancient and present-day Southeast Asians.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyle W. Cuklanz, Abigail Stein, Virginie-Anne Chouinard, Dost Ongur, Fei Du
Redox dysregulation, characterized by an imbalance in the NAD + [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)]/NADH (reduced form of NAD + ) ratio, is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. This imbalance contributes to mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Despite promising preclinical studies supporting therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring redox balance and thereby rescuing brain bioenergetic deficits, clinical outcomes and efficacy remain limited. Progress has been hindered by the incomplete understanding of NAD + subcellular cycling, as well as a lack of in vivo biomarkers measuring target engagement of redox status and mitochondrial function. Thus, this review examines molecular mechanisms of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)–related bioenergetic deficits, current and emerging NAD-targeted therapies, and recent advances in the development of neuroimaging biomarkers, emphasizing personalized and mechanism-driven approaches.
{"title":"Redox therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders: Molecular mechanisms and biomarker development","authors":"Kyle W. Cuklanz, Abigail Stein, Virginie-Anne Chouinard, Dost Ongur, Fei Du","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea9014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea9014","url":null,"abstract":"Redox dysregulation, characterized by an imbalance in the NAD <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)]/NADH (reduced form of NAD <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> ) ratio, is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. This imbalance contributes to mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Despite promising preclinical studies supporting therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring redox balance and thereby rescuing brain bioenergetic deficits, clinical outcomes and efficacy remain limited. Progress has been hindered by the incomplete understanding of NAD <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> subcellular cycling, as well as a lack of in vivo biomarkers measuring target engagement of redox status and mitochondrial function. Thus, this review examines molecular mechanisms of NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)–related bioenergetic deficits, current and emerging NAD-targeted therapies, and recent advances in the development of neuroimaging biomarkers, emphasizing personalized and mechanism-driven approaches.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianchen Li, Yuchen Yue, Hui Li, Ning Guo, Fengmian Li, Hanfei Gao, Lei Jiang, Yuchen Wu
AgInGaS (AIGS) quantum dots (QDs) are promising for displays due to their narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and tunable emission. However, nonuniform silver vacancy ( VAg ) distribution causes emission broadening and hinders device performance improvement. Here, we present a multistep temperature control strategy that precisely regulates reaction temperature to control nucleation, cation exchange, and defect reconstruction, thereby enabling uniform VAg distribution in AIGS QDs. Simultaneously, we construct a dual-layer shell structure (AgGaS 2 /GaS x ), which efficiently passivates surface defects. The synthesized red, green, and blue AIGS QDs achieve photoluminescence quantum yields (92.6, 98.5, and 53.3%) and narrow FWHMs (32, 29, and 21 nm). On the basis of these materials, we fabricated red, green, and blue QD light-emitting diodes that demonstrate external quantum efficiencies of 13.2, 8.0, and 2.9%. Moreover, the interfacial confinement self-assembly strategy enables the fabrication of full-color QD pixel arrays with resolutions up to 2032 pixels per inch, further highlighting the potential of AIGS QDs for near-eye displays.
{"title":"Efficient AgInGaS-based QLEDs and full-color displays via uniform silver vacancy distribution","authors":"Tianchen Li, Yuchen Yue, Hui Li, Ning Guo, Fengmian Li, Hanfei Gao, Lei Jiang, Yuchen Wu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea0753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea0753","url":null,"abstract":"AgInGaS (AIGS) quantum dots (QDs) are promising for displays due to their narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and tunable emission. However, nonuniform silver vacancy ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V</jats:italic> <jats:sub>Ag</jats:sub> ) distribution causes emission broadening and hinders device performance improvement. Here, we present a multistep temperature control strategy that precisely regulates reaction temperature to control nucleation, cation exchange, and defect reconstruction, thereby enabling uniform <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V</jats:italic> <jats:sub>Ag</jats:sub> distribution in AIGS QDs. Simultaneously, we construct a dual-layer shell structure (AgGaS <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /GaS <jats:sub>x</jats:sub> ), which efficiently passivates surface defects. The synthesized red, green, and blue AIGS QDs achieve photoluminescence quantum yields (92.6, 98.5, and 53.3%) and narrow FWHMs (32, 29, and 21 nm). On the basis of these materials, we fabricated red, green, and blue QD light-emitting diodes that demonstrate external quantum efficiencies of 13.2, 8.0, and 2.9%. Moreover, the interfacial confinement self-assembly strategy enables the fabrication of full-color QD pixel arrays with resolutions up to 2032 pixels per inch, further highlighting the potential of AIGS QDs for near-eye displays.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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