Human foragers avoid noncommunicable diseases that are leading causes of mortality, partly because physically active lifestyles promote healthy aging. High activity levels also promote tissue damage accumulation from wear-and-tear, increase risk of injury and disability which compromise productivity, and reduce energetic investments in somatic maintenance given constrained energy expenditure. Constraints intensify when nutrient supply is limited and surplus energy is directed toward pathogen defense and reproduction, as occurred throughout hominin evolution. This paper reviews evidence linking exposomes to musculoskeletal health in subsistence populations, focusing on effects of physical activity, pathogens, diet, and reproduction. Chronic musculoskeletal conditions are common for humans and possibly prehistoric hominins but rarer in quadrupedal apes. We propose that transition to bipedalism ~6 to 8 million years ago constituted an early “mismatch scenario," increasing hominin susceptibility to musculoskeletal conditions vis-à-vis quadrupedal apes due to changes in mechanical loading environments. Mismatched musculoskeletal traits were not targets of selection because of trade-offs favoring bipedal extractive foraging and higher fertility.
{"title":"Contemporary small-scale subsistence populations offer unique insights into human musculoskeletal health and aging","authors":"Jonathan Stieglitz","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq1039","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq1039","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Human foragers avoid noncommunicable diseases that are leading causes of mortality, partly because physically active lifestyles promote healthy aging. High activity levels also promote tissue damage accumulation from wear-and-tear, increase risk of injury and disability which compromise productivity, and reduce energetic investments in somatic maintenance given constrained energy expenditure. Constraints intensify when nutrient supply is limited and surplus energy is directed toward pathogen defense and reproduction, as occurred throughout hominin evolution. This paper reviews evidence linking exposomes to musculoskeletal health in subsistence populations, focusing on effects of physical activity, pathogens, diet, and reproduction. Chronic musculoskeletal conditions are common for humans and possibly prehistoric hominins but rarer in quadrupedal apes. We propose that transition to bipedalism ~6 to 8 million years ago constituted an early “mismatch scenario,\" increasing hominin susceptibility to musculoskeletal conditions vis-à-vis quadrupedal apes due to changes in mechanical loading environments. Mismatched musculoskeletal traits were not targets of selection because of trade-offs favoring bipedal extractive foraging and higher fertility.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adq1039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hangjin Jiang, Jinghan Su, Zirong Ren, Dexian Wang, Adrian Hills, Toshinori Kinoshita, Michael R. Blatt, Yin Wang, Yizhou Wang
Stomata respond slowly to changes in light when compared with photosynthesis, undermining plant water-use efficiency (WUE). We know much about stomatal mechanics, yet efforts to accelerate stomatal responsiveness have been limited despite the breadth of potential targets for manipulation. Here, we use mechanistic modeling to establish a hierarchy of putative targets affecting stomatal kinetics. Counterintuitively, modeling predicted that overexpressing plasma membrane H+-ATPases could speed stomata and enhance WUE under fluctuating light, even though overexpressed H+-ATPases is known to promote stomatal opening and reduce WUE in the steady state. Experiments validated the prediction, implicating an unexpected role of the H+-ATPases in improving WUE under fluctuating light. It suggests that H+-ATPases have a dual function, acting as a facilitator of carbon assimilation and water use, depending on the light conditions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating in silico modeling with experiments in future efforts toward enhancing stomatal function.
{"title":"Dual function of overexpressing plasma membrane H+-ATPase in balancing carbon-water use","authors":"Hangjin Jiang, Jinghan Su, Zirong Ren, Dexian Wang, Adrian Hills, Toshinori Kinoshita, Michael R. Blatt, Yin Wang, Yizhou Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp8017","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp8017","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Stomata respond slowly to changes in light when compared with photosynthesis, undermining plant water-use efficiency (WUE). We know much about stomatal mechanics, yet efforts to accelerate stomatal responsiveness have been limited despite the breadth of potential targets for manipulation. Here, we use mechanistic modeling to establish a hierarchy of putative targets affecting stomatal kinetics. Counterintuitively, modeling predicted that overexpressing plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases could speed stomata and enhance WUE under fluctuating light, even though overexpressed H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases is known to promote stomatal opening and reduce WUE in the steady state. Experiments validated the prediction, implicating an unexpected role of the H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases in improving WUE under fluctuating light. It suggests that H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases have a dual function, acting as a facilitator of carbon assimilation and water use, depending on the light conditions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating in silico modeling with experiments in future efforts toward enhancing stomatal function.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Á. Luján, Reana Young-Morrison, Sonia Aroni, István Katona, Miriam Melis, Joseph F. Cheer
The increasing prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy has raised medical concerns, primarily related to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which readily crosses the placenta and affects fetal brain development. Previous research has identified dopaminergic alterations related to maternal THC consumption. However, the consequences that prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) has on striatum-based processing during reward pursuit have not been determined. Here, we characterize PCE rats during food or opioid-maintained reward seeking. We find that the supramotivational phenotype of PCE rats is independent of value-based processing and is instead related to augmented reinforcing efficiency of opioid rewards. Our findings reveal that prenatal THC exposure leads to increased cue-evoked dopamine responses and an overrepresentation of effort-driven striatal encoding patterns. Recapitulating clinical findings, drug-related PCE adaptations were more pronounced in males, who showed increased vulnerability for relapse. Collectively, these findings indicate that prenatal THC exposure in male rats engenders a pronounced neurodevelopmental susceptibility to addiction-like disorders.
{"title":"Dynamic overrepresentation of accumbal cues in food- and opioid-seeking rats after prenatal THC exposure","authors":"Miguel Á. Luján, Reana Young-Morrison, Sonia Aroni, István Katona, Miriam Melis, Joseph F. Cheer","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq5652","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq5652","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The increasing prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy has raised medical concerns, primarily related to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which readily crosses the placenta and affects fetal brain development. Previous research has identified dopaminergic alterations related to maternal THC consumption. However, the consequences that prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) has on striatum-based processing during reward pursuit have not been determined. Here, we characterize PCE rats during food or opioid-maintained reward seeking. We find that the supramotivational phenotype of PCE rats is independent of value-based processing and is instead related to augmented reinforcing efficiency of opioid rewards. Our findings reveal that prenatal THC exposure leads to increased cue-evoked dopamine responses and an overrepresentation of effort-driven striatal encoding patterns. Recapitulating clinical findings, drug-related PCE adaptations were more pronounced in males, who showed increased vulnerability for relapse. Collectively, these findings indicate that prenatal THC exposure in male rats engenders a pronounced neurodevelopmental susceptibility to addiction-like disorders.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakesh R. Nair, Jakob Wolansky, Kai Uhlig, Ali Solgi, Laura Teuerle, Tianyi Zhang, Jonas Schröder, Tobias Antrack, Johannes Benduhn, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo
The global rise in electronic waste is alarming, driven by the persistent use of glass, epoxy, and plastic substrates owing to their cost, stability, flexibility, and transparency. This underscores the need for biodegradable alternatives with similar properties. This study shows that leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds can stabilize bio-sourced, solution-processed polymers by acting as natural sequestering media. Such reinforced films, even when based on gelatin (Tg ~ 60°C), can endure processes over 200°C. We demonstrate dip-coated ethyl cellulose films for commercially viable reflow soldered circuitry. The films offer high flexibility, more than 80% transparency, and surface roughness below 5.5 nm. Advanced OPDs and OECTs fabricated on these films perform comparably to those on glass and the low material cost and simple fabrication process yields a minimal carbon footprint of 1.6 kgCO2/m2. This work thus opens a vista of possibilities for biodegradable polymers heretofore considered unsuitable for making temperature-stable substrates for state-of-the-art electronics applications.
{"title":"Leaftronics: Natural lignocellulose scaffolds for sustainable electronics","authors":"Rakesh R. Nair, Jakob Wolansky, Kai Uhlig, Ali Solgi, Laura Teuerle, Tianyi Zhang, Jonas Schröder, Tobias Antrack, Johannes Benduhn, Hans Kleemann, Karl Leo","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq3276","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq3276","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The global rise in electronic waste is alarming, driven by the persistent use of glass, epoxy, and plastic substrates owing to their cost, stability, flexibility, and transparency. This underscores the need for biodegradable alternatives with similar properties. This study shows that leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds can stabilize bio-sourced, solution-processed polymers by acting as natural sequestering media. Such reinforced films, even when based on gelatin (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub> ~ 60°C), can endure processes over 200°C. We demonstrate dip-coated ethyl cellulose films for commercially viable reflow soldered circuitry. The films offer high flexibility, more than 80% transparency, and surface roughness below 5.5 nm. Advanced OPDs and OECTs fabricated on these films perform comparably to those on glass and the low material cost and simple fabrication process yields a minimal carbon footprint of 1.6 kgCO<sub>2</sub>/m<sup>2</sup>. This work thus opens a vista of possibilities for biodegradable polymers heretofore considered unsuitable for making temperature-stable substrates for state-of-the-art electronics applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seong In Yoon, Hyoju Park, Yeonju Lee, Changding Guo, Yu Jin Kim, Joo Song Lee, Seungwoo Son, Myeonggi Choe, Daeho Han, Kidal Kwon, Jongyeong Lee, Kyung Yeol Ma, Amirreza Ghassami, Sung Wook Moon, Sun-Young Park, Bong Kyun Kang, Yoon-Jeong Kim, Seonghyun Koo, Armando Genco, Jaewoo Shim, Alexander Tartakovskii, Yunrui Duan, Feng Ding, Seokhoon Ahn, Sunmin Ryu, Ju-Young Kim, Woo Seok Yang, Manish Chhowalla, Young S. Park, Seung Kyu Min, Zonghoon Lee, Hyeon Suk Shin
Confinement of reactants within nanoscale spaces of low-dimensional materials has been shown to provide reorientation of strained reactants or stabilization of unstable reactants for synthesis of molecules and tuning of chemical reactivity. While few studies have reported chemistry within zero-dimensional pores and one-dimensional nanotubes, organic reactions in confined spaces between two-dimensional materials have yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that reactants confined between atomically thin sheets of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride experience pressures as high as 7 gigapascal, which allows the propagation of solvent-free organic reactions that ordinarily do not occur under standard conditions. Specifically, we show that cyclodehydrogenation of hexaphenylbenzene without catalysts as a proof of concept and oxidative polymerization of dopamine into sheet-like crystalline structure are enabled by the effective high pressure experienced by the reactants between the graphene layers. Our results demonstrate a facile, general approach for performing high-pressure chemistry based on confinement of reactants within two-dimensional materials.
{"title":"Pressure enabled organic reactions via confinement between layers of 2D materials","authors":"Seong In Yoon, Hyoju Park, Yeonju Lee, Changding Guo, Yu Jin Kim, Joo Song Lee, Seungwoo Son, Myeonggi Choe, Daeho Han, Kidal Kwon, Jongyeong Lee, Kyung Yeol Ma, Amirreza Ghassami, Sung Wook Moon, Sun-Young Park, Bong Kyun Kang, Yoon-Jeong Kim, Seonghyun Koo, Armando Genco, Jaewoo Shim, Alexander Tartakovskii, Yunrui Duan, Feng Ding, Seokhoon Ahn, Sunmin Ryu, Ju-Young Kim, Woo Seok Yang, Manish Chhowalla, Young S. Park, Seung Kyu Min, Zonghoon Lee, Hyeon Suk Shin","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp9804","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp9804","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Confinement of reactants within nanoscale spaces of low-dimensional materials has been shown to provide reorientation of strained reactants or stabilization of unstable reactants for synthesis of molecules and tuning of chemical reactivity. While few studies have reported chemistry within zero-dimensional pores and one-dimensional nanotubes, organic reactions in confined spaces between two-dimensional materials have yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that reactants confined between atomically thin sheets of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride experience pressures as high as 7 gigapascal, which allows the propagation of solvent-free organic reactions that ordinarily do not occur under standard conditions. Specifically, we show that cyclodehydrogenation of hexaphenylbenzene without catalysts as a proof of concept and oxidative polymerization of dopamine into sheet-like crystalline structure are enabled by the effective high pressure experienced by the reactants between the graphene layers. Our results demonstrate a facile, general approach for performing high-pressure chemistry based on confinement of reactants within two-dimensional materials.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapidly increasing human-nature interactions exacerbate the risk of exposure to wildfires for human society. The wildland-urban interface (WUI) represents the nexus of human-nature interactions, where the risk of exposure to natural hazards such as wildfire is most pronounced. However, quantifying long-term global WUI change and the corresponding driving factors at fine resolution remain challenging. Here, we mapped and analyzed the global WUI at 30-meter resolution in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Our analysis revealed that the global WUI expanded by 35.6% since 2000, reaching 1.93 million square kilometer in 2020. Notably, 85% of this growth occurred between 2010 and 2020. The increase in WUI was primarily driven by the unprecedented expansion of global urbanization, contributing an additional 589,914 square kilometer of WUI. In addition, the number of small fires occurring in WUI areas has increased substantially since 2010. These findings underscore the rising wildfire risk to human society and highlight the urgency of implementing tailored fire management strategies in WUI areas.
{"title":"Global expansion of wildland-urban interface intensifies human exposure to wildfire risk in the 21st century","authors":"Yongxuan Guo, Jianghao Wang, Yong Ge, Chenghu Zhou","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ado9587","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ado9587","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Rapidly increasing human-nature interactions exacerbate the risk of exposure to wildfires for human society. The wildland-urban interface (WUI) represents the nexus of human-nature interactions, where the risk of exposure to natural hazards such as wildfire is most pronounced. However, quantifying long-term global WUI change and the corresponding driving factors at fine resolution remain challenging. Here, we mapped and analyzed the global WUI at 30-meter resolution in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Our analysis revealed that the global WUI expanded by 35.6% since 2000, reaching 1.93 million square kilometer in 2020. Notably, 85% of this growth occurred between 2010 and 2020. The increase in WUI was primarily driven by the unprecedented expansion of global urbanization, contributing an additional 589,914 square kilometer of WUI. In addition, the number of small fires occurring in WUI areas has increased substantially since 2010. These findings underscore the rising wildfire risk to human society and highlight the urgency of implementing tailored fire management strategies in WUI areas.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xindi Li, Jiayi Liu, Andrew J. Boreland, Sneha Kapadia, Siwei Zhang, Alessandro C. Stillitano, Yara Abbo, Lorraine Clark, Dongbing Lai, Yunlong Liu, Peter B. Barr, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Chella Kamarajan, Weipeng Kuang, Arpana Agrawal, Paul A. Slesinger, Danielle Dick, Jessica Salvatore, Jay Tischfield, Jubao Duan, Howard J. Edenberg, Anat Kreimer, Ronald P. Hart, Zhiping P. Pang
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess genetic susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet their molecular implications remain underexplored. Neuroimmune interactions, particularly in microglia, are recognized as notable contributors to AUD pathophysiology. We investigated the interplay between AUD PRS and ethanol in human microglia derived from iPSCs from individuals with AUD high-PRS (diagnosed with AUD) or low-PRS (unaffected). Ethanol exposure induced elevated CD68 expression and morphological changes in microglia, with differential responses between high-PRS and low-PRS microglial cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed expression differences in MHCII complex and phagocytosis-related genes following ethanol exposure; high-PRS microglial cells displayed enhanced phagocytosis and increased CLEC7A expression, unlike low-PRS microglial cells. Synapse numbers in cocultures of induced neurons with microglia after alcohol exposure were lower in high-RPS cocultures, suggesting possible excess synapse pruning. This study provides insights into the intricate relationship between AUD PRS, ethanol, and microglial function, potentially influencing neuronal functions in developing AUD.
{"title":"Polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder affects cellular responses to ethanol exposure in a human microglial cell model","authors":"Xindi Li, Jiayi Liu, Andrew J. Boreland, Sneha Kapadia, Siwei Zhang, Alessandro C. Stillitano, Yara Abbo, Lorraine Clark, Dongbing Lai, Yunlong Liu, Peter B. Barr, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Chella Kamarajan, Weipeng Kuang, Arpana Agrawal, Paul A. Slesinger, Danielle Dick, Jessica Salvatore, Jay Tischfield, Jubao Duan, Howard J. Edenberg, Anat Kreimer, Ronald P. Hart, Zhiping P. Pang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ado5820","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ado5820","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess genetic susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet their molecular implications remain underexplored. Neuroimmune interactions, particularly in microglia, are recognized as notable contributors to AUD pathophysiology. We investigated the interplay between AUD PRS and ethanol in human microglia derived from iPSCs from individuals with AUD high-PRS (diagnosed with AUD) or low-PRS (unaffected). Ethanol exposure induced elevated CD68 expression and morphological changes in microglia, with differential responses between high-PRS and low-PRS microglial cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed expression differences in MHCII complex and phagocytosis-related genes following ethanol exposure; high-PRS microglial cells displayed enhanced phagocytosis and increased <i>CLEC7A</i> expression, unlike low-PRS microglial cells. Synapse numbers in cocultures of induced neurons with microglia after alcohol exposure were lower in high-RPS cocultures, suggesting possible excess synapse pruning. This study provides insights into the intricate relationship between AUD PRS, ethanol, and microglial function, potentially influencing neuronal functions in developing AUD.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Li, Tianyu Jin, Jun Liu, Chunlin Lu, Xianmei Yang, Haiyan Zhang, Limin Bi, Yuhang Yan, Lijiao Zhang, Yan Sang, Bilian Jin, Xiaolin Bi
Rb/E2f and DREAM complexes play vital roles in regulating cell cycle progression. To date, how they coordinate their functions to regulate cell cycle–dependent gene expression is not clear. Here, we identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which we named DREAMer, that bridges the interaction between E2f1 and the dREAM complex to regulate endoreplication specifically in Drosophila salivary gland. We show that E2f1 directly stimulates DREAMer expression, whereas DREAMer mediates the repression of e2f1 transcription by modulating the recruitment of the dREAM complex to the e2f1 promoter via a direct interaction with the dREAM component E2f2. The depletion of DREAMer impairs dREAM binding, leading to derepression of e2f1 transcription, which ultimately increases E2f1 activity and promotes the endoreplication. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis revealed profound changes in cell cycle–related gene expression in DREAMerKO salivary glands. Together, our findings reveal an lncRNA-mediated link between the dREAM complex and E2f1, which regulates endoreplication during development.
{"title":"Long noncoding RNA DREAMer bridges the DREAM complex and E2f1 to regulate endoreplication in Drosophila","authors":"Dong Li, Tianyu Jin, Jun Liu, Chunlin Lu, Xianmei Yang, Haiyan Zhang, Limin Bi, Yuhang Yan, Lijiao Zhang, Yan Sang, Bilian Jin, Xiaolin Bi","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr4936","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr4936","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Rb/E2f and DREAM complexes play vital roles in regulating cell cycle progression. To date, how they coordinate their functions to regulate cell cycle–dependent gene expression is not clear. Here, we identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which we named <i>DREAMer</i>, that bridges the interaction between E2f1 and the dREAM complex to regulate endoreplication specifically in <i>Drosophila</i> salivary gland. We show that E2f1 directly stimulates <i>DREAMer</i> expression, whereas <i>DREAMer</i> mediates the repression of <i>e2f1</i> transcription by modulating the recruitment of the dREAM complex to the <i>e2f1</i> promoter via a direct interaction with the dREAM component E2f2. The depletion of <i>DREAMer</i> impairs dREAM binding, leading to derepression of <i>e2f1</i> transcription, which ultimately increases E2f1 activity and promotes the endoreplication. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis revealed profound changes in cell cycle–related gene expression in <i>DREAMer<sup>KO</sup></i> salivary glands. Together, our findings reveal an lncRNA-mediated link between the dREAM complex and E2f1, which regulates endoreplication during development.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe L. Dean, Elizabeth L. Harvey, Matthew D. Johnson, Adam V. Subhas
Identifying mechanisms driving the substantial dissolution of biogenic CaCO3 (60 to 80%) in surface and mesopelagic waters of the global ocean is critical for constraining the surface ocean’s alkalinity and inorganic carbon budgets. We examine microzooplankton grazing on coccolithophores, photosynthetic calcifying algae responsible for a majority of open-ocean CaCO3 production, as a mechanism driving shallow dissolution. We show that microzooplankton grazing dissolves 92 ± 7% of ingested coccolith calcite, which may explain 50 to 100% of the observed CaCO3 dissolution in supersaturated surface waters. Microzooplankton grazing on coccolithophores is thus a substantial, previously unrecognized biological mechanism affecting the ballasting of organic carbon to deeper waters, the ecology and fitness of microzooplankton themselves due to buffering of food vacuole pH, and ultimately the continued ability of the surface ocean to take up atmospheric carbon dioxide.
{"title":"Microzooplankton grazing on the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its role in the global calcium carbonate cycle","authors":"Chloe L. Dean, Elizabeth L. Harvey, Matthew D. Johnson, Adam V. Subhas","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr5453","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr5453","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Identifying mechanisms driving the substantial dissolution of biogenic CaCO<sub>3</sub> (60 to 80%) in surface and mesopelagic waters of the global ocean is critical for constraining the surface ocean’s alkalinity and inorganic carbon budgets. We examine microzooplankton grazing on coccolithophores, photosynthetic calcifying algae responsible for a majority of open-ocean CaCO<sub>3</sub> production, as a mechanism driving shallow dissolution. We show that microzooplankton grazing dissolves 92 ± 7% of ingested coccolith calcite, which may explain 50 to 100% of the observed CaCO<sub>3</sub> dissolution in supersaturated surface waters. Microzooplankton grazing on coccolithophores is thus a substantial, previously unrecognized biological mechanism affecting the ballasting of organic carbon to deeper waters, the ecology and fitness of microzooplankton themselves due to buffering of food vacuole pH, and ultimately the continued ability of the surface ocean to take up atmospheric carbon dioxide.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeria Chesnyak, Daniele Perilli, Mirco Panighel, Alessandro Namar, Alexander Markevich, Thuy An Bui, Aldo Ugolotti, Ayesha Farooq, Matus Stredansky, Clara Kofler, Cinzia Cepek, Giovanni Comelli, Jani Kotakoski, Cristiana Di Valentin, Cristina Africh
Introducing heteroatoms into graphene is a powerful strategy to modulate its catalytic, electronic, and magnetic properties. At variance with the cases of nitrogen (N)– and boron (B)–doped graphene, a scalable method for incorporating transition metal atoms in the carbon (C) mesh is currently lacking, limiting the applicative interest of model system studies. This work presents a during-growth synthesis enabling the incorporation of cobalt (Co) alongside nickel (Ni) atoms in graphene on a Ni(111) substrate. Single atoms are covalently stabilized within graphene double vacancies, with a Co load ranging from 0.07 to 0.22% relative to C atoms, controllable by synthesis parameters. Structural characterization involves variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio calculations. The Co- and Ni-codoped layer is transferred onto a transmission electron microscopy grid, confirming stability through scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. This method holds promise for applications in spintronics, gas sensing, electrochemistry and catalysis, and potential extension to graphene incorporation of similar metals.
在石墨烯中引入杂原子是调节其催化、电子和磁性能的有力策略。与掺氮（N）和掺硼（B）石墨烯的情况不同，目前还缺乏在碳（C）网格中加入过渡金属原子的可扩展方法，这限制了模型系统研究的应用兴趣。本研究提出了一种生长过程中的合成方法，可在 Ni（111）基底的石墨烯中加入钴（Co）原子和镍（Ni）原子。单原子以共价方式稳定在石墨烯双空位中，相对于 C 原子，Co 的负载量在 0.07% 到 0.22% 之间，可通过合成参数进行控制。结构表征包括变温扫描隧道显微镜和 ab initio 计算。钴和镍掺杂层被转移到透射电子显微镜网格上，通过扫描透射电子显微镜和电子能量损失光谱确认其稳定性。这种方法有望应用于自旋电子学、气体传感、电化学和催化，并有可能扩展到石墨烯与类似金属的结合。
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