Benjamin Crockett, Nicola Montaut, James van Howe, Piotr Roztocki, Yang Liu, Robin Helsten, Wei Zhao, Roberto Morandotti, José Azaña
Processing and detecting quantum states with high fidelity are essential for enabling quantum advantages across many applications. However, these states are known to be fragile because of their sensitivity to losses, their inability to be amplified, and their susceptibility to decoherence. This makes them far more vulnerable to noise than classical signals, limiting their out-of-lab deployment. We demonstrate quantum coherent energy redistribution, which not only recovers entangled states buried in noise but also improves their properties, moving toward noise-robust architectures with better deployability. Using standard telecommunications infrastructure, we show an order of magnitude increase in the coincidence-to-accidental ratio for time-bin entangled photon pairs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the revival of lost entanglement by recovering quantum interference visibility and fidelity from quantum state tomography measurements of qubits corrupted by noise.
{"title":"Quantum state revival via coherent energy redistribution","authors":"Benjamin Crockett, Nicola Montaut, James van Howe, Piotr Roztocki, Yang Liu, Robin Helsten, Wei Zhao, Roberto Morandotti, José Azaña","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady8981","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ady8981","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Processing and detecting quantum states with high fidelity are essential for enabling quantum advantages across many applications. However, these states are known to be fragile because of their sensitivity to losses, their inability to be amplified, and their susceptibility to decoherence. This makes them far more vulnerable to noise than classical signals, limiting their out-of-lab deployment. We demonstrate quantum coherent energy redistribution, which not only recovers entangled states buried in noise but also improves their properties, moving toward noise-robust architectures with better deployability. Using standard telecommunications infrastructure, we show an order of magnitude increase in the coincidence-to-accidental ratio for time-bin entangled photon pairs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the revival of lost entanglement by recovering quantum interference visibility and fidelity from quantum state tomography measurements of qubits corrupted by noise.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β-1,3-glucans are multifaceted molecules, playing a key role in aquatic ecosystems where they store atmospheric CO2, as well as in human health, where they help fight pathogens and have anticancer properties. Until now, no role other than sugar storage had been attributed to β-1,3-glucans in algae. We show here that in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, β-1,3-glucans control aggregation, a collective behavior in response to stress. We have identified the enzymes specifically involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis and degradation during aggregation. The transcriptome of β-1,3-glucan–induced aggregation revealed an early effect of this elicitor. A comparative genomic analysis allowed us to envisage a potential role for β-1,3-glucans in the transition to multicellularity in Volvocales. The finding of the function of β-1,3-glucans in the stress response of the unicellular model organism Chlamydomonas sheds light into their mode of action. This is particularly relevant given their potential roles combatting pathogenic fungi in plants and animals.
{"title":"Induction of collective behavior by β-1,3-glucans in microalgae","authors":"Lou Lambert, Richard G. Dorrell, Antoine Danon","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea5313","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aea5313","url":null,"abstract":"<div >β-1,3-glucans are multifaceted molecules, playing a key role in aquatic ecosystems where they store atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as in human health, where they help fight pathogens and have anticancer properties. Until now, no role other than sugar storage had been attributed to β-1,3-glucans in algae. We show here that in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>, β-1,3-glucans control aggregation, a collective behavior in response to stress. We have identified the enzymes specifically involved in β-1,3-glucan synthesis and degradation during aggregation. The transcriptome of β-1,3-glucan–induced aggregation revealed an early effect of this elicitor. A comparative genomic analysis allowed us to envisage a potential role for β-1,3-glucans in the transition to multicellularity in Volvocales. The finding of the function of β-1,3-glucans in the stress response of the unicellular model organism <i>Chlamydomonas</i> sheds light into their mode of action. This is particularly relevant given their potential roles combatting pathogenic fungi in plants and animals.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruichen Gao, Xiaodi Fu, Zonglin Li, Zhiyao Wang, Guanjian Li, Jun Ge, Frank Hollmann, Zhanfeng Wang, Wen-Yong Lou, Xiaoling Wu
Computational rational design has emerged as a transformative approach to engineer enzymes with tailored selectivity and efficiency. In the context of carbon-hydrogen oxidation, a key challenge in synthetic chemistry, unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) directly oxidize unactivated carbon-hydrogen bonds using hydrogen peroxide, yet their utility is limited by low activity and imperfect selectivity. By computational rational design, this study systematically navigated vast sequence spaces to identify mutations that enhance catalytic performance of UPOs, lastly yielded UPO variants with 13-fold enhanced activity and >99% enantioselectivity, and revealed the dominant role of residue Lys165 in activity and enantioselectivity. This study shows how computational strategies overcome evolutionary constraints to deliver efficient biocatalysts for synthetic chemistry.
{"title":"Computational rational design of unspecific peroxygenase for C-H oxidation","authors":"Ruichen Gao, Xiaodi Fu, Zonglin Li, Zhiyao Wang, Guanjian Li, Jun Ge, Frank Hollmann, Zhanfeng Wang, Wen-Yong Lou, Xiaoling Wu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb6329","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb6329","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Computational rational design has emerged as a transformative approach to engineer enzymes with tailored selectivity and efficiency. In the context of carbon-hydrogen oxidation, a key challenge in synthetic chemistry, unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) directly oxidize unactivated carbon-hydrogen bonds using hydrogen peroxide, yet their utility is limited by low activity and imperfect selectivity. By computational rational design, this study systematically navigated vast sequence spaces to identify mutations that enhance catalytic performance of UPOs, lastly yielded UPO variants with 13-fold enhanced activity and >99% enantioselectivity, and revealed the dominant role of residue Lys<sup>165</sup> in activity and enantioselectivity. This study shows how computational strategies overcome evolutionary constraints to deliver efficient biocatalysts for synthetic chemistry.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fenghao Liu, Enqing Huang, Jinlong Du, Wentao Ma, Zhonghui Liu, Lucas J. Lourens, Jun Tian
During the Cenozoic unipolar ice ages, benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes (proxies for bottom-water temperature and ice volume and for the carbon cycle, respectively) exhibited in-phase changes on eccentricity timescales. However, the mechanisms underlying this synchronized relationship remain unclear. Here, we present a high-resolution reconstruction of Miocene benthic foraminiferal boron-to-calcium ratios, revealing that eccentricity-paced fluctuations in deep-sea carbonate ion saturation covaried with oxygen and carbon isotopes, as well as with pelagic carbonate deposition. Integrating model results, we propose that orbital configurations and elevated temperatures during eccentricity maxima intensified monsoon rainfall and chemical weathering, enhancing the transport of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity from land to sea. These processes further redistributed massive carbonate burial from deep-ocean basins to continental shelves, lowering carbonate ion concentration and the carbon isotopic composition of seawater. Our findings underscore the crucial role of the low-latitude hydrological cycle in regulating carbon-cycle dynamics under warm climatic conditions.
{"title":"Eccentricity rhythms in the Oligocene-Miocene carbon cycle regulated by weathering and carbonate burial","authors":"Fenghao Liu, Enqing Huang, Jinlong Du, Wentao Ma, Zhonghui Liu, Lucas J. Lourens, Jun Tian","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx6682","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adx6682","url":null,"abstract":"<div >During the Cenozoic unipolar ice ages, benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes (proxies for bottom-water temperature and ice volume and for the carbon cycle, respectively) exhibited in-phase changes on eccentricity timescales. However, the mechanisms underlying this synchronized relationship remain unclear. Here, we present a high-resolution reconstruction of Miocene benthic foraminiferal boron-to-calcium ratios, revealing that eccentricity-paced fluctuations in deep-sea carbonate ion saturation covaried with oxygen and carbon isotopes, as well as with pelagic carbonate deposition. Integrating model results, we propose that orbital configurations and elevated temperatures during eccentricity maxima intensified monsoon rainfall and chemical weathering, enhancing the transport of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity from land to sea. These processes further redistributed massive carbonate burial from deep-ocean basins to continental shelves, lowering carbonate ion concentration and the carbon isotopic composition of seawater. Our findings underscore the crucial role of the low-latitude hydrological cycle in regulating carbon-cycle dynamics under warm climatic conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Xiao, Li Qin, Tao Jiang, Ming Qu, Manliu Hou, Yongxiang Tang, Shuo Hu, Li Feng
Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently experience worsening epilepsy following COVID-19, referred to as post–COVID-19 active TLE. While neuroinflammatory changes are suspected in these patients, measurements of both central and systemic inflammation in the brain remain unexplored. We investigate whether the translocator protein standardized uptake value ratio (TSPO SUVr), a quantifiable marker of neuroinflammation using positron emission tomography (PET), is elevated in the brains of patients with post–COVID-19 active TLE. In addition, we examine correlations between TSPO SUVr and inflammatory factors to identify potential peripheral blood inflammatory predictors of post–COVID-19 active epilepsy. Our study highlights the presence of widespread neuroinflammation in the brain and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of individuals with post–COVID-19 active TLE. Furthermore, strong correlations between plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and neuroimmune activation suggest the potential for integrating plasma inflammatory factors with TSPO PET as a dependable approach for clinical diagnosis, dynamic monitoring, and assessment of immune-based therapeutic efficacy in TLE-associated neuroinflammation.
{"title":"Neuroimmune activation in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with worsening seizure following the COVID-19 pandemic: A [18F]DPA-714 PET/MR study","authors":"Ling Xiao, Li Qin, Tao Jiang, Ming Qu, Manliu Hou, Yongxiang Tang, Shuo Hu, Li Feng","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu5874","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adu5874","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently experience worsening epilepsy following COVID-19, referred to as post–COVID-19 active TLE. While neuroinflammatory changes are suspected in these patients, measurements of both central and systemic inflammation in the brain remain unexplored. We investigate whether the translocator protein standardized uptake value ratio (TSPO SUVr), a quantifiable marker of neuroinflammation using positron emission tomography (PET), is elevated in the brains of patients with post–COVID-19 active TLE. In addition, we examine correlations between TSPO SUVr and inflammatory factors to identify potential peripheral blood inflammatory predictors of post–COVID-19 active epilepsy. Our study highlights the presence of widespread neuroinflammation in the brain and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of individuals with post–COVID-19 active TLE. Furthermore, strong correlations between plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and neuroimmune activation suggest the potential for integrating plasma inflammatory factors with TSPO PET as a dependable approach for clinical diagnosis, dynamic monitoring, and assessment of immune-based therapeutic efficacy in TLE-associated neuroinflammation.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oriane Onimus, Faustine Arrivet, Tinaïg Le Borgne, Sylvie Perez, Julien Castel, Anthony Ansoult, Benoit Bertrand, Nejmeh Mashhour, Camille de Almeida, Linh-Chi Bui, Marie Vandecasteele, Serge Luquet, Laurent Venance, Nicolas Heck, Fabio Marti, Giuseppe Gangarossa
Reward processes have traditionally been ascribed to dopamine (DA)–associated circuits. While external stimuli, such as food and drugs of abuse, are activators of DA-neuron activity, growing evidence indicates that interoceptive signals also play a critical role. Among these, the gut-brain vagal axis has emerged as a key regulator, although its precise contribution to mesolimbic DA signaling and behavior remains unclear. Here, we combine complementary ex vivo and in vivo approaches across multiple scales to show that gut-brain vagal tone is essential for gating mesolimbic DA system activity and functions, modulating DA-dependent molecular and cellular processes, and scaling both food- and drug-induced reinforcement. These findings challenge the traditional brain-centric view of reward processing, supporting a more integrated model in which vagus-mediated interoceptive signals intrinsically shape motivation and reinforcement. By uncovering the influence of gut-brain vagal communication on DA functions, this work provides insights into the neurobiology of adaptive and maladaptive reward, with broad relevance for eating disorders and addiction.
{"title":"The gut-brain vagal axis governs mesolimbic dopamine dynamics and reward events","authors":"Oriane Onimus, Faustine Arrivet, Tinaïg Le Borgne, Sylvie Perez, Julien Castel, Anthony Ansoult, Benoit Bertrand, Nejmeh Mashhour, Camille de Almeida, Linh-Chi Bui, Marie Vandecasteele, Serge Luquet, Laurent Venance, Nicolas Heck, Fabio Marti, Giuseppe Gangarossa","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz0828","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adz0828","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Reward processes have traditionally been ascribed to dopamine (DA)–associated circuits. While external stimuli, such as food and drugs of abuse, are activators of DA-neuron activity, growing evidence indicates that interoceptive signals also play a critical role. Among these, the gut-brain vagal axis has emerged as a key regulator, although its precise contribution to mesolimbic DA signaling and behavior remains unclear. Here, we combine complementary ex vivo and in vivo approaches across multiple scales to show that gut-brain vagal tone is essential for gating mesolimbic DA system activity and functions, modulating DA-dependent molecular and cellular processes, and scaling both food- and drug-induced reinforcement. These findings challenge the traditional brain-centric view of reward processing, supporting a more integrated model in which vagus-mediated interoceptive signals intrinsically shape motivation and reinforcement. By uncovering the influence of gut-brain vagal communication on DA functions, this work provides insights into the neurobiology of adaptive and maladaptive reward, with broad relevance for eating disorders and addiction.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeyu Liang, Bo Zhang, Xun Liu, Lin Xiao, Shangzhi Xie, Hui Du, Qiyue Wang, Fangyuan Li, Daishun Ling
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), direct dipole-dipole interactions between paramagnetic metal centers and water molecules govern the T1 relaxation of contrast agents. Metal chelates featuring multiple unpaired electrons have long dominated MRI contrast agents. Despite theoretically offering more paramagnetic centers per probe, nanoparticle-based contrast agents have struggled because of the insufficient direct dipolar interactions with water, impeding their clinical adoption. Here, we present an electrophilicity-engineered magnetic sensor (EEMS), which leverages high-electronegativity metal atoms to enhance the electrophilicity of paramagnetic centers in nanosensors, enabling direct electrophilic catalytic dipolar interactions (ECD) with water for enhanced MRI. EEMS demonstrates robust T1 contrast with a longitudinal relaxivity of 23.2 per millimolar per second at 9 tesla, visualizing tumor cell clusters as small as 68.5 micrometer in vivo. ECD-MRI allows detecting and precise resection of axillary lymph nodes containing dormant tumor cell clusters, achieving 100% survival in mice 100 days postsurgery. EEMS-enhanced ECD-MRI presents a transformative imaging principle for noninvasive visualization of previously undetectable biological entities.
{"title":"An electrophilicity-engineered magnetic sensor for MRI detection of dormant tumor cell clusters","authors":"Zeyu Liang, Bo Zhang, Xun Liu, Lin Xiao, Shangzhi Xie, Hui Du, Qiyue Wang, Fangyuan Li, Daishun Ling","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea5236","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aea5236","url":null,"abstract":"<div >In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), direct dipole-dipole interactions between paramagnetic metal centers and water molecules govern the <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> relaxation of contrast agents. Metal chelates featuring multiple unpaired electrons have long dominated MRI contrast agents. Despite theoretically offering more paramagnetic centers per probe, nanoparticle-based contrast agents have struggled because of the insufficient direct dipolar interactions with water, impeding their clinical adoption. Here, we present an electrophilicity-engineered magnetic sensor (EEMS), which leverages high-electronegativity metal atoms to enhance the electrophilicity of paramagnetic centers in nanosensors, enabling direct electrophilic catalytic dipolar interactions (ECD) with water for enhanced MRI. EEMS demonstrates robust <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> contrast with a longitudinal relaxivity of 23.2 per millimolar per second at 9 tesla, visualizing tumor cell clusters as small as 68.5 micrometer in vivo. ECD-MRI allows detecting and precise resection of axillary lymph nodes containing dormant tumor cell clusters, achieving 100% survival in mice 100 days postsurgery. EEMS-enhanced ECD-MRI presents a transformative imaging principle for noninvasive visualization of previously undetectable biological entities.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wonho Kim, Daniel S. Park, Son C. Nguyen, Rachel Yang, Eric F. Joyce, Rajan Jain
The cohesin complex orchestrates 3D genome architecture through multiple steps including loading onto chromatin, DNA loop extrusion, stalling of extrusion, and unloading off chromatin. However, the upstream regulatory factors modulating these steps remain largely unexplored. Previous studies suggest that cohesin clustering correlates with its chromatin residence time and loop extrusion activity. Here, we developed, optimized, and performed an imaging-based genetic screen leveraging modulation of cohesin clustering to identify cohesin regulators. Using a sensitized background in which the cohesin unloader WAPL is partially degraded, we screened the druggable genome for effects on cohesin clustering. Through multiple rounds of screening and experimentation, we identified 7 enhancers and 10 suppressors of cohesin clustering. Several factors control genome folding at multiple loci and cohesin loading. Notably, our screen identified factors in mitochondrial function and epigenetic silencing, implicating these processes in the regulation of cohesin activity. This study offers a valuable resource identifying cohesin regulators and provides insights into upstream mechanisms governing genome folding.
{"title":"A genetic screen for modifiers of cohesin clustering identifies regulators of genome folding","authors":"Wonho Kim, Daniel S. Park, Son C. Nguyen, Rachel Yang, Eric F. Joyce, Rajan Jain","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx5130","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adx5130","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The cohesin complex orchestrates 3D genome architecture through multiple steps including loading onto chromatin, DNA loop extrusion, stalling of extrusion, and unloading off chromatin. However, the upstream regulatory factors modulating these steps remain largely unexplored. Previous studies suggest that cohesin clustering correlates with its chromatin residence time and loop extrusion activity. Here, we developed, optimized, and performed an imaging-based genetic screen leveraging modulation of cohesin clustering to identify cohesin regulators. Using a sensitized background in which the cohesin unloader WAPL is partially degraded, we screened the druggable genome for effects on cohesin clustering. Through multiple rounds of screening and experimentation, we identified 7 enhancers and 10 suppressors of cohesin clustering. Several factors control genome folding at multiple loci and cohesin loading. Notably, our screen identified factors in mitochondrial function and epigenetic silencing, implicating these processes in the regulation of cohesin activity. This study offers a valuable resource identifying cohesin regulators and provides insights into upstream mechanisms governing genome folding.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All animals need to navigate and make decisions in social environments. They influence each other’s behavior, but how important this is and how they process and represent social information in their brain are less well understood. This includes fruit flies and larvae, usually not known as “social insects.” Using a Drosophila larva assay with reduced stimulation, we found that groups show enhanced dispersal and distance from each other in the absence of food. This social context–dependent modulation overrides responses to many external sensory cues and is shaped by developmental social experience. Leveraging the genetic toolbox available in Drosophila, we find that different sensory modalities are required for social context modulation. Our results show that even less social animals such as fly larvae are affected by conspecifics and recognize each other through multimodal sensory cues. This study provides a tractable system for future dissection of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying social interactions.
{"title":"Multimodal social context modulates larval behavior in Drosophila","authors":"Akhila Mudunuri, Élyse Zadigue-Dubé, Katrin Vogt","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady0750","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ady0750","url":null,"abstract":"<div >All animals need to navigate and make decisions in social environments. They influence each other’s behavior, but how important this is and how they process and represent social information in their brain are less well understood. This includes fruit flies and larvae, usually not known as “social insects.” Using a <i>Drosophila</i> larva assay with reduced stimulation, we found that groups show enhanced dispersal and distance from each other in the absence of food. This social context–dependent modulation overrides responses to many external sensory cues and is shaped by developmental social experience. Leveraging the genetic toolbox available in <i>Drosophila</i>, we find that different sensory modalities are required for social context modulation. Our results show that even less social animals such as fly larvae are affected by conspecifics and recognize each other through multimodal sensory cues. This study provides a tractable system for future dissection of the neural circuit mechanisms underlying social interactions.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qishuai Li, Xiao-Lin Zhang, Ran Liu, Peng Wang, Hongzhi Cao, Allan Wee Ren Ng, Yuan Qiao, Han Ding, Xue-Wei Liu, Ming Li
We report the design, synthesis, and immunological evaluation of an Antrodia cinnamomea galactomannan library consisting of 11 oligosaccharides, with chain lengths ranging from 4 to 24 sugars. These oligosaccharides maintain a consistent composition of 75% mannose and 25% galactose, mirroring the key structural features of natural galactomannan. Notably, the library includes five tetrasaccharides and four octasaccharides, exhibiting all possible frameshift patterns of A. cinnamomea galactomannan, offering valuable materials for structure-activity relationship studies to explore the role of linking modes and domain effect. The synthesis of this library was achieved through a highly effective stereoselective α-galactosylation approach. Immunological evaluations revealed that octasaccharide 4 and its two subunit tetrasaccharides 7 and 10 exhibited potent immunoregulatory activities, demonstrating a notable domain effect. Preliminary mechanistic studies unveiled that these oligosaccharides exert their effects by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In addition, octasaccharide 4 uniquely attenuated nuclear factor κB pathway, highlighting its compound-specific mechanism and demonstrating a 1 + 1 > 2 effect.
{"title":"A synthetic Antrodia cinnamomea galactomannan library by frameshift unveils a potent immunoregulatory octasaccharide domain","authors":"Qishuai Li, Xiao-Lin Zhang, Ran Liu, Peng Wang, Hongzhi Cao, Allan Wee Ren Ng, Yuan Qiao, Han Ding, Xue-Wei Liu, Ming Li","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aec5309","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.aec5309","url":null,"abstract":"<div >We report the design, synthesis, and immunological evaluation of an <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> galactomannan library consisting of 11 oligosaccharides, with chain lengths ranging from 4 to 24 sugars. These oligosaccharides maintain a consistent composition of 75% mannose and 25% galactose, mirroring the key structural features of natural galactomannan. Notably, the library includes five tetrasaccharides and four octasaccharides, exhibiting all possible frameshift patterns of <i>A. cinnamomea</i> galactomannan, offering valuable materials for structure-activity relationship studies to explore the role of linking modes and domain effect. The synthesis of this library was achieved through a highly effective stereoselective α-galactosylation approach. Immunological evaluations revealed that octasaccharide <b>4</b> and its two subunit tetrasaccharides <b>7</b> and <b>10</b> exhibited potent immunoregulatory activities, demonstrating a notable domain effect. Preliminary mechanistic studies unveiled that these oligosaccharides exert their effects by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In addition, octasaccharide <b>4</b> uniquely attenuated nuclear factor κB pathway, highlighting its compound-specific mechanism and demonstrating a 1 + 1 > 2 effect.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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