The scale and timing of genetic contributions from ancient millet- and rice-farming populations in China to Southeast Asian populations remain incompletely understood, particularly concerning Y-chromosome diversity. Here, a comprehensive dataset of Chinese Y-chromosome variations, including 1507 high-coverage sequences from ethnolinguistically diverse groups, was analyzed alongside 780 ancient genomes from eastern Eurasia and 1748 low-coverage sequences from Southeast Asia. We reconstructed a high-resolution, time-calibrated Y-chromosome phylogeny, revealing multiple male-biased expansions associated with Neolithic cultural innovations in South China. These expansions markedly shaped the paternal ancestry of both South China and mainland Southeast Asia. Founding lineages linked to Hmong-Mien and Tai-Kadai speakers were traced, revealing notable growth during the Middle Neolithic. Phylogeographic structure, network analyses, and haplogroup distributions indicate complex demographic interactions that established the genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers in Southeast Asia. These findings highlight recurrent southward migrations of Chinese farmer-related groups and their enduring influence on the paternal genetic landscape of ancient and present-day Southeast Asians.
{"title":"Multiple southward migrations of Neolithic Chinese farmers into Southeast Asia revealed from large-scale Y-chromosome sequences","authors":"Mengge Wang, Yunhui Liu, Lintao Luo, Zhiyong Wang, Yuhang Feng, Ting Yang, Jing Chen, Yufeng Liu, Yuguo Huang, Qiuxia Sun, Shuhan Duan, Xinyu Lin, Jie Zhong, Bowen Li, Kaijun Liu, Haibing Yuan, Chao Liu, Renkuan Tang, Guanglin He","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady1597","url":null,"abstract":"The scale and timing of genetic contributions from ancient millet- and rice-farming populations in China to Southeast Asian populations remain incompletely understood, particularly concerning Y-chromosome diversity. Here, a comprehensive dataset of Chinese Y-chromosome variations, including 1507 high-coverage sequences from ethnolinguistically diverse groups, was analyzed alongside 780 ancient genomes from eastern Eurasia and 1748 low-coverage sequences from Southeast Asia. We reconstructed a high-resolution, time-calibrated Y-chromosome phylogeny, revealing multiple male-biased expansions associated with Neolithic cultural innovations in South China. These expansions markedly shaped the paternal ancestry of both South China and mainland Southeast Asia. Founding lineages linked to Hmong-Mien and Tai-Kadai speakers were traced, revealing notable growth during the Middle Neolithic. Phylogeographic structure, network analyses, and haplogroup distributions indicate complex demographic interactions that established the genetic legacy of Neolithic farmers in Southeast Asia. These findings highlight recurrent southward migrations of Chinese farmer-related groups and their enduring influence on the paternal genetic landscape of ancient and present-day Southeast Asians.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaults are some of the largest ribonucleoprotein complexes known and are highly conserved across eukaryotes, but both their function and key details of their architecture remain unclear. While high-resolution structures of the vault shell are available, the architecture and symmetry of the cap have remained unresolved. Here, we present a 2.25-angstrom cryo–electron microscopy structure of the vault cap, revealing an unexpected 13-fold symmetric arrangement that contrasts with the 39-fold symmetry of the vault body, with each repeating module of the cap formed by an asymmetric homotrimer of adjacent subunits. The center of the cap features an unusual architecture, consisting of two concentric β barrels surrounded by an interwoven two-layer stack of α helices. The vault cap features a positively charged exterior and a negatively charged interior surface, with implications for binding partner recruitment and engineering of modified vault particles.
{"title":"The vault particle is enclosed by a C13-symmetric cap with a positively charged exterior","authors":"Huan Li, Francesca Vallese, Oliver B. Clarke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Vaults are some of the largest ribonucleoprotein complexes known and are highly conserved across eukaryotes, but both their function and key details of their architecture remain unclear. While high-resolution structures of the vault shell are available, the architecture and symmetry of the cap have remained unresolved. Here, we present a 2.25-angstrom cryo–electron microscopy structure of the vault cap, revealing an unexpected 13-fold symmetric arrangement that contrasts with the 39-fold symmetry of the vault body, with each repeating module of the cap formed by an asymmetric homotrimer of adjacent subunits. The center of the cap features an unusual architecture, consisting of two concentric β barrels surrounded by an interwoven two-layer stack of α helices. The vault cap features a positively charged exterior and a negatively charged interior surface, with implications for binding partner recruitment and engineering of modified vault particles.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heng Zhang, Yi Chen, Gangsheng Chen, Wuxing Zhang, Cheng Yang, Fan Zhou, Yunqi Zhao, Haoran Deng, Xuan Huang, Yuan An, Guoqun Li, Shuqi Tang, Biao Ma, Wenlong Cheng, Ning Gu
We introduce a morphology-adaptive Au-Ag nanowire elastronic platform that conforms to diverse geometries while enabling multimodal optical-electrical sensing. Using a facile yet versatile template-guided growth strategy, vertically aligned Au-Ag nanowire arrays are directly fabricated on 1D nano/microneedles, 2D elastic films, and 3D porous architectures. On 2D substrates, the arrays act as FlexoSERS interfaces with high sensitivity, uniformity (RSD = 7.2%), and durability, maintaining stable SERS signals under 100% strain and after 2500 cycles. On 3D porous sponges, the NWs serve as dry bioelectrical electrodes, enabling stable electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring with long-term stability. Continuous ECG recording, combined with deep learning analysis, enables accurate classification between sleep and wake states. Meanwhile, the EMG signals capture subtle motor activities such as finger bending, typing, and clicking. By uniting strain-tolerant FlexoSERS with reliable bioelectrical sensing across 1D-3D substrates, this platform provides a robust material foundation and a scalable route toward next-generation wearable health monitors, intelligent sleep evaluation, and human-machine interfaces.
{"title":"Morphology-adaptive Au-Ag nanowire elastronics for integrated FlexoSERS and bioelectrical sensing","authors":"Heng Zhang, Yi Chen, Gangsheng Chen, Wuxing Zhang, Cheng Yang, Fan Zhou, Yunqi Zhao, Haoran Deng, Xuan Huang, Yuan An, Guoqun Li, Shuqi Tang, Biao Ma, Wenlong Cheng, Ning Gu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >We introduce a morphology-adaptive Au-Ag nanowire elastronic platform that conforms to diverse geometries while enabling multimodal optical-electrical sensing. Using a facile yet versatile template-guided growth strategy, vertically aligned Au-Ag nanowire arrays are directly fabricated on 1D nano/microneedles, 2D elastic films, and 3D porous architectures. On 2D substrates, the arrays act as FlexoSERS interfaces with high sensitivity, uniformity (RSD = 7.2%), and durability, maintaining stable SERS signals under 100% strain and after 2500 cycles. On 3D porous sponges, the NWs serve as dry bioelectrical electrodes, enabling stable electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring with long-term stability. Continuous ECG recording, combined with deep learning analysis, enables accurate classification between sleep and wake states. Meanwhile, the EMG signals capture subtle motor activities such as finger bending, typing, and clicking. By uniting strain-tolerant FlexoSERS with reliable bioelectrical sensing across 1D-3D substrates, this platform provides a robust material foundation and a scalable route toward next-generation wearable health monitors, intelligent sleep evaluation, and human-machine interfaces.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneuploidy is present in about 90% human solid tumors. Certain tumors remain addicted to aneuploidy. Paradoxically, artificially induced aneuploidy in normal cells elicits cellular stresses and decreases cell fitness. How aneuploidy initially emerges during tumorigenesis is thus unclear. Using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model, we show that aneuploid ESCs form immature teratomas with an enrichment of mesenchymal tissues. Specifically, chromosome 8 (chr8) gain, a prevalent form of aneuploidy in human cancers, promotes the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in teratomas and MSC proliferation in vitro. We further show that human embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, tumors of mesenchymal origin, lack dominant driver mutations but frequently harbor chr8 gain. Our study suggests a plausible mechanism for aneuploidy emergence during tumorigenesis, links specific aneuploidy to the mesenchymal lineage, and paves the way for identifying vulnerabilities of aneuploid MSCs, which may have important roles in tumorigenesis.
{"title":"Aneuploidy of chromosome 8 promotes the mesenchymal lineage during cell fate transitions","authors":"Cai Liang, Guanchen Li, Qiuqin Zhang, Xinlei Wang, Yu Liu, Wenjuan Yin, Ting Tao, Jinhu Wang, Haishan Gao, Shutao Qi, Hongtao Yu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea1660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea1660","url":null,"abstract":"Aneuploidy is present in about 90% human solid tumors. Certain tumors remain addicted to aneuploidy. Paradoxically, artificially induced aneuploidy in normal cells elicits cellular stresses and decreases cell fitness. How aneuploidy initially emerges during tumorigenesis is thus unclear. Using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model, we show that aneuploid ESCs form immature teratomas with an enrichment of mesenchymal tissues. Specifically, chromosome 8 (chr8) gain, a prevalent form of aneuploidy in human cancers, promotes the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in teratomas and MSC proliferation in vitro. We further show that human embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, tumors of mesenchymal origin, lack dominant driver mutations but frequently harbor chr8 gain. Our study suggests a plausible mechanism for aneuploidy emergence during tumorigenesis, links specific aneuploidy to the mesenchymal lineage, and paves the way for identifying vulnerabilities of aneuploid MSCs, which may have important roles in tumorigenesis.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan D. Carvajal-Quintero, Maria Dornelas, Lise Comte, Juliana Herrera-Pérez, Pablo A. Tedesco, Xingli Giam, Ulrich Brose, Jonathan M. Chase
Global change reshapes biodiversity through shifts in species composition, richness, and body size. How these shifts combine to alter higher-level ecological processes within food webs can have important implications for entire ecosystems. However, the strength and direction of these shifts will depend on combinations of ways that species and trait compositions change through time. We combine long-term data from ~15,000 freshwater and marine fish communities (1949–2019) with information about their size, diets, and trophic status to evaluate how food webs change through time at local spatial scale. We found that selective species turnover driven by body size reductions is associated with widespread alteration to fish food web topology and function, including increased connectance and generalism, leading to higher predation pressure and increased prey vulnerability. Food webs were also less modular. These changes extend across food web trophic structures, causing a cascading shift in the proportion of species across trophic levels. Our study highlights complex biodiversity responses to confluent changes across multiple facets.
{"title":"Degradation of fish food webs in the Anthropocene","authors":"Juan D. Carvajal-Quintero, Maria Dornelas, Lise Comte, Juliana Herrera-Pérez, Pablo A. Tedesco, Xingli Giam, Ulrich Brose, Jonathan M. Chase","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu6540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu6540","url":null,"abstract":"Global change reshapes biodiversity through shifts in species composition, richness, and body size. How these shifts combine to alter higher-level ecological processes within food webs can have important implications for entire ecosystems. However, the strength and direction of these shifts will depend on combinations of ways that species and trait compositions change through time. We combine long-term data from ~15,000 freshwater and marine fish communities (1949–2019) with information about their size, diets, and trophic status to evaluate how food webs change through time at local spatial scale. We found that selective species turnover driven by body size reductions is associated with widespread alteration to fish food web topology and function, including increased connectance and generalism, leading to higher predation pressure and increased prey vulnerability. Food webs were also less modular. These changes extend across food web trophic structures, causing a cascading shift in the proportion of species across trophic levels. Our study highlights complex biodiversity responses to confluent changes across multiple facets.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneuploidy is present in about 90% human solid tumors. Certain tumors remain addicted to aneuploidy. Paradoxically, artificially induced aneuploidy in normal cells elicits cellular stresses and decreases cell fitness. How aneuploidy initially emerges during tumorigenesis is thus unclear. Using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model, we show that aneuploid ESCs form immature teratomas with an enrichment of mesenchymal tissues. Specifically, chromosome 8 (chr8) gain, a prevalent form of aneuploidy in human cancers, promotes the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in teratomas and MSC proliferation in vitro. We further show that human embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, tumors of mesenchymal origin, lack dominant driver mutations but frequently harbor chr8 gain. Our study suggests a plausible mechanism for aneuploidy emergence during tumorigenesis, links specific aneuploidy to the mesenchymal lineage, and paves the way for identifying vulnerabilities of aneuploid MSCs, which may have important roles in tumorigenesis.
{"title":"Aneuploidy of chromosome 8 promotes the mesenchymal lineage during cell fate transitions","authors":"Cai Liang, Guanchen Li, Qiuqin Zhang, Xinlei Wang, Yu Liu, Wenjuan Yin, Ting Tao, Jinhu Wang, Haishan Gao, Shutao Qi, Hongtao Yu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Aneuploidy is present in about 90% human solid tumors. Certain tumors remain addicted to aneuploidy. Paradoxically, artificially induced aneuploidy in normal cells elicits cellular stresses and decreases cell fitness. How aneuploidy initially emerges during tumorigenesis is thus unclear. Using human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model, we show that aneuploid ESCs form immature teratomas with an enrichment of mesenchymal tissues. Specifically, chromosome 8 (chr8) gain, a prevalent form of aneuploidy in human cancers, promotes the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in teratomas and MSC proliferation in vitro. We further show that human embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, tumors of mesenchymal origin, lack dominant driver mutations but frequently harbor chr8 gain. Our study suggests a plausible mechanism for aneuploidy emergence during tumorigenesis, links specific aneuploidy to the mesenchymal lineage, and paves the way for identifying vulnerabilities of aneuploid MSCs, which may have important roles in tumorigenesis.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Yun-Ju Tseng, Wei-Hao Peng, Hui-Chuan Hung, Pei-Hsuan Lin, Katrina P. Montales, Emmet Sherman, John Peregrin, Ethan Hunghsi Wang, Chunya Kang, Yu-Chuan Teng, Chen-Yang Huang, Chia-Lung Tsai, Ian Yi-Feng Chang, Jiazhang Chen, Gülgün Tezel, Ye He, Tai-De Li, Linsey Stiles, Orian Shirihai, Stephen H. Tsang, Chi-Chun Lai, Chi-Neu Tsai, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, Nan-Kai Wang
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) is a hereditary optic neuropathy caused by OPA1 variants, leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. The mechanisms behind RGC vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction remain unclear. We developed a patient-specific Opa1 V291D/+ knock-in mouse model to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal metabolism in ADOA. We observed that Opa1 V291D/+ mice exhibited anatomical and functional RGC abnormalities recapitulating the ADOA phenotypes. Reduced optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) protein levels were noted in Opa1 V291D/+ mice, accompanied by decreased protein stability. Moreover, mitochondrial function was compromised, as indicated by reduced Complex I activity, increased oxidative stress, and diminished adenosine triphosphate production in the retinas of Opa1 V291D/+ mice. Spatial metabolomics revealed energy deficits in the inner retina and heightened glycolysis in the outer retina. Immunostaining showed decreased expression of glycolytic proteins in the ganglion cell layer. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing disclosed significant down-regulation of energy-production genes in RGCs, while other retinal cell types remained unaffected. These findings emphasize the specific vulnerability of RGCs to bioenergetic crises, connecting disrupted energy homeostasis to their degeneration. By increasing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )/reduced form of NAD + (NADH) redox ratio through the overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase ( MitoLbNOX ) in RGCs, we demonstrated improved RGC function and survival through enhanced energy metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These findings confirm that disrupted energy metabolism leads to RGC degeneration and emphasize the enhancement of the NAD + /NADH redox ratio as a promising treatment strategy to protect RGCs from degeneration in ADOA.
{"title":"Disrupted energy metabolism is associated with retinal ganglion cell degeneration in autosomal dominant optic atrophy","authors":"Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang, Yun-Ju Tseng, Wei-Hao Peng, Hui-Chuan Hung, Pei-Hsuan Lin, Katrina P. Montales, Emmet Sherman, John Peregrin, Ethan Hunghsi Wang, Chunya Kang, Yu-Chuan Teng, Chen-Yang Huang, Chia-Lung Tsai, Ian Yi-Feng Chang, Jiazhang Chen, Gülgün Tezel, Ye He, Tai-De Li, Linsey Stiles, Orian Shirihai, Stephen H. Tsang, Chi-Chun Lai, Chi-Neu Tsai, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, Nan-Kai Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx7815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx7815","url":null,"abstract":"Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) is a hereditary optic neuropathy caused by <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPA1</jats:italic> variants, leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. The mechanisms behind RGC vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction remain unclear. We developed a patient-specific <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\"> Opa1 <jats:sup>V291D/+</jats:sup> </jats:italic> knock-in mouse model to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal metabolism in ADOA. We observed that <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\"> Opa1 <jats:sup>V291D/+</jats:sup> </jats:italic> mice exhibited anatomical and functional RGC abnormalities recapitulating the ADOA phenotypes. Reduced optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) protein levels were noted in <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\"> Opa1 <jats:sup>V291D/+</jats:sup> </jats:italic> mice, accompanied by decreased protein stability. Moreover, mitochondrial function was compromised, as indicated by reduced Complex I activity, increased oxidative stress, and diminished adenosine triphosphate production in the retinas of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\"> Opa1 <jats:sup>V291D/+</jats:sup> </jats:italic> mice. Spatial metabolomics revealed energy deficits in the inner retina and heightened glycolysis in the outer retina. Immunostaining showed decreased expression of glycolytic proteins in the ganglion cell layer. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing disclosed significant down-regulation of energy-production genes in RGCs, while other retinal cell types remained unaffected. These findings emphasize the specific vulnerability of RGCs to bioenergetic crises, connecting disrupted energy homeostasis to their degeneration. By increasing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> )/reduced form of NAD <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> (NADH) redox ratio through the overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus brevis</jats:italic> NADH oxidase ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MitoLbNOX</jats:italic> ) in RGCs, we demonstrated improved RGC function and survival through enhanced energy metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. These findings confirm that disrupted energy metabolism leads to RGC degeneration and emphasize the enhancement of the NAD <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> /NADH redox ratio as a promising treatment strategy to protect RGCs from degeneration in ADOA.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Tu, Xiaobo Feng, Lan Luo, Zhongping Lai, Darryl Granger, Christopher Bae, Guanjun Shen
With the discovery of three almost complete Homo erectus crania, Yunxian is one of the most important early Pleistocene hominin sites in eastern Asia. Yet, the age of the Yunxian fossils has remained debated because of the lack of reliable numerical dating results. Here, we apply the well-established isochron 26 Al/ 10 Be burial dating to quartz gravels from two sediment layers of the site. The age results push the Yunxian crania back to 1.77 ± 0.08 million years ago (±1σ internal error), representing the oldest H. erectus fossils discovered in situ in eastern Asia. A much older age assignment to Yunxian supports the model of rapid dispersal and widespread distribution of early H. erectus and contributes to narrowing the chronological gap between the earliest archaeology and hominin paleontology in eastern Asia.
{"title":"The oldest in situ Homo erectus crania in eastern Asia: The Yunxian site dates to ~1.77 Ma","authors":"Hua Tu, Xiaobo Feng, Lan Luo, Zhongping Lai, Darryl Granger, Christopher Bae, Guanjun Shen","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady2270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady2270","url":null,"abstract":"With the discovery of three almost complete <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Homo erectus</jats:italic> crania, Yunxian is one of the most important early Pleistocene hominin sites in eastern Asia. Yet, the age of the Yunxian fossils has remained debated because of the lack of reliable numerical dating results. Here, we apply the well-established isochron <jats:sup>26</jats:sup> Al/ <jats:sup>10</jats:sup> Be burial dating to quartz gravels from two sediment layers of the site. The age results push the Yunxian crania back to 1.77 ± 0.08 million years ago (±1σ internal error), representing the oldest <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. erectus</jats:italic> fossils discovered in situ in eastern Asia. A much older age assignment to Yunxian supports the model of rapid dispersal and widespread distribution of early <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. erectus</jats:italic> and contributes to narrowing the chronological gap between the earliest archaeology and hominin paleontology in eastern Asia.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soon Hyeong So, Sunwoo Kim, Minsu Kim, Donghyun Kim, Taehwan Kim, Kiwon Eum, Yun Ho Kim, Junghwan Kim, Dae Woo Kim
We report the application of mixed-matrix membranes for high-temperature hydrogen separation. To enhance hydrogen selectivity, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were incorporated into ZIF-8 fillers, forming a physically confined structure conducive to hydrogen transport. The metal-organic framework (MOF)/GNR filler embedded into a polyimide (PI) matrix yielded a much higher H 2 permeability (298 Barrer, +40%) and H 2 /N 2 selectivity (15, +25%) than the neat PI membrane. In particular, the as-prepared asymmetric membrane achieved a H 2 permeance of 212 ± 45 Gas Permeation Unit (GPU) and H 2 /N 2 selectivity of 19 ± 2 at 35°C. Remarkably, at 300°C, the H 2 permeance rose to 775 ± 139 GPU while maintaining a H 2 /N 2 selectivity of 13 ± 1, outperforming polymer-based membranes. A techno-economic analysis of an NH 3 cracking process demonstrated that this high permeance reduces membrane area requirements by 68.2% and lowers H 2 separation costs by 35.1% compared with operation at 35°C, leading to a 9.8% reduction in the levelized cost of hydrogen.
本文报道了混合基质膜在高温氢分离中的应用。为了提高氢的选择性，将石墨烯纳米带（gnr）加入到ZIF-8填料中，形成有利于氢传输的物理受限结构。将金属有机骨架(MOF)/GNR填料嵌入聚酰亚胺（PI）基质中，其h2渗透率（298 Barrer, +40%）和h2 / n2选择性（15,+25%）明显高于纯PI膜。特别是，制备的不对称膜在35°C时的h2渗透率为212±45 Gas permeability Unit (GPU)， h2 / n2选择性为19±2。值得注意的是，在300°C时，h2透过率上升到775±139 GPU，同时保持了13±1的h2 / n2选择性，优于聚合物基膜。一项对nh3裂解工艺的技术经济分析表明，与在35℃下操作相比，这种高透性使膜面积需求减少了68.2%，h2分离成本降低了35.1%，从而使氢气的平准化成本降低了9.8%。
{"title":"Metal-organic framework/graphene nanoribbon/polyimide mixed-matrix membranes for high-temperature H 2 /N 2 separation","authors":"Soon Hyeong So, Sunwoo Kim, Minsu Kim, Donghyun Kim, Taehwan Kim, Kiwon Eum, Yun Ho Kim, Junghwan Kim, Dae Woo Kim","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb4360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb4360","url":null,"abstract":"We report the application of mixed-matrix membranes for high-temperature hydrogen separation. To enhance hydrogen selectivity, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were incorporated into ZIF-8 fillers, forming a physically confined structure conducive to hydrogen transport. The metal-organic framework (MOF)/GNR filler embedded into a polyimide (PI) matrix yielded a much higher H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> permeability (298 Barrer, +40%) and H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> selectivity (15, +25%) than the neat PI membrane. In particular, the as-prepared asymmetric membrane achieved a H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> permeance of 212 ± 45 Gas Permeation Unit (GPU) and H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> selectivity of 19 ± 2 at 35°C. Remarkably, at 300°C, the H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> permeance rose to 775 ± 139 GPU while maintaining a H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> /N <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> selectivity of 13 ± 1, outperforming polymer-based membranes. A techno-economic analysis of an NH <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> cracking process demonstrated that this high permeance reduces membrane area requirements by 68.2% and lowers H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> separation costs by 35.1% compared with operation at 35°C, leading to a 9.8% reduction in the levelized cost of hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural biological systems achieve precise cellular control through multidimensional signaling architectures that integrate sequence specificity, structural dynamics, and conformational switching. While synthetic DNA networks have been engineered primarily using sequence programmability, exclusive reliance on this dimension constrains signaling range and integrated regulation. Here, we report an allosteric DNA computing framework enabling the simultaneous integration of sequence programmability with conformational dynamics for integrated multilevel signal processing. By encoding conformational signals within polythymidine loops (0 to 40 nucleotides), this system executes loop-dependent logic operations with expanded signaling ranges. Moreover, catalytic allosteric hairpin assemblies achieve ~30-fold signal amplification with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios. Concurrently, allosteric DNA neural networks discriminate conformational signals based on loop lengths (7 to 15 nucleotides) at two-nucleotide resolution. Crucially, microRNA-responsive versions of this framework regulate gene expression, thereby bridging conformational signaling with genetic control regulations in vivo. Collectively, this work establishes a conformational signal-processing paradigm for adaptive DNA computing, paving the way for advanced synthetic biology and precision therapeutics.
{"title":"Conformation-programmed DNA computing","authors":"Qian Ling, Bozhao Li, Yuhua Feng, Jing Yang, Shi’an Wang, Suping Li, Cheng Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Natural biological systems achieve precise cellular control through multidimensional signaling architectures that integrate sequence specificity, structural dynamics, and conformational switching. While synthetic DNA networks have been engineered primarily using sequence programmability, exclusive reliance on this dimension constrains signaling range and integrated regulation. Here, we report an allosteric DNA computing framework enabling the simultaneous integration of sequence programmability with conformational dynamics for integrated multilevel signal processing. By encoding conformational signals within polythymidine loops (0 to 40 nucleotides), this system executes loop-dependent logic operations with expanded signaling ranges. Moreover, catalytic allosteric hairpin assemblies achieve ~30-fold signal amplification with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios. Concurrently, allosteric DNA neural networks discriminate conformational signals based on loop lengths (7 to 15 nucleotides) at two-nucleotide resolution. Crucially, microRNA-responsive versions of this framework regulate gene expression, thereby bridging conformational signaling with genetic control regulations in vivo. Collectively, this work establishes a conformational signal-processing paradigm for adaptive DNA computing, paving the way for advanced synthetic biology and precision therapeutics.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146211396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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