Despite their promise as lightweight, ultralow-thermal-conductivity thermoelectric (TE) materials, aerogels have been largely limited to p-type organic or carbon-based systems with modest zT < 0.1 at 300 kelvin. Here, we propose a stepwise synthesis strategy that yields the first inorganic aerogel exhibiting state-of-the-art n-type TE performance. Optimized aerogels with 95% porosity exhibit a high power factor of 34.8 microwatts per meter per square kelvin and an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.061 microwatts per meter per kelvin, resulting in zT values of 0.17 at 300 kelvin and 0.24 at 383 kelvin. A vertical TE generator prototype with six TE-aerogel legs achieves a gravimetric output power of 76 microwatts per gram under a ΔT of ~60 kelvin. To address brittleness, a polyimide-encapsulated aerogel with bioinspired architecture was developed, achieving a high compressive strength to 1.4 kilopascals while maintaining excellent TE performance. This work establishes a generalizable method for designing high-performance flexible inorganic aerogels, opening more possibilities for lightweight wearable energy harvesting technologies.
{"title":"High-performance n-type flexible inorganic thermoelectric aerogel for energy harvesting.","authors":"Xiaodong Wang,Wenbo Zhu,Yijie Liu,Shuaihang Hou,Li Yin,Jinxuan Cheng,Peng Zhao,Feng Jiang,Sichen Duan,Wenhua Xue,Yumei Wang,Xuesong Leng,Feng Cao,Jun Mao,Mingyu Li,Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady7679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady7679","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their promise as lightweight, ultralow-thermal-conductivity thermoelectric (TE) materials, aerogels have been largely limited to p-type organic or carbon-based systems with modest zT < 0.1 at 300 kelvin. Here, we propose a stepwise synthesis strategy that yields the first inorganic aerogel exhibiting state-of-the-art n-type TE performance. Optimized aerogels with 95% porosity exhibit a high power factor of 34.8 microwatts per meter per square kelvin and an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.061 microwatts per meter per kelvin, resulting in zT values of 0.17 at 300 kelvin and 0.24 at 383 kelvin. A vertical TE generator prototype with six TE-aerogel legs achieves a gravimetric output power of 76 microwatts per gram under a ΔT of ~60 kelvin. To address brittleness, a polyimide-encapsulated aerogel with bioinspired architecture was developed, achieving a high compressive strength to 1.4 kilopascals while maintaining excellent TE performance. This work establishes a generalizable method for designing high-performance flexible inorganic aerogels, opening more possibilities for lightweight wearable energy harvesting technologies.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"17 1","pages":"eady7679"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most vertebrate lineages are first recorded from the mid-Paleozoic, well after their Cambrian origin and Ordovician invertebrate biodiversification events. This delay has been poorly understood and is usually attributed to sampling and long ghost lineages. We analyzed newly compiled databases of Paleozoic vertebrate occurrences, biogeography, and ecosystems, revealing that the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (~445 to 443 million years ago) triggered parallel, endemic radiations of jawed and related jawless vertebrates (gnathostomes) in isolated refugia. Postextinction ecosystems hosted the first definitive appearances of most major vertebrate lineages of the Paleozoic “Age of Fishes” (and today), following the loss of ubiquitous stem-cyclostome conodonts, nascent faunas of other gnathostomes, and pelagic invertebrates. Turnover and recovery patterns matched those following climatically similar events like the end-Devonian mass extinction, including a postextinction “gap” with low biodiversity. The prolonged Silurian recovery, and the challenges of oceanic dispersal, likely further delayed the dominance of jawed gnathostomes for millions of years after the first fossil jaws.
{"title":"Mass extinction triggered the early radiations of jawed vertebrates and their jawless relatives (gnathostomes)","authors":"Wahei Hagiwara, Lauren Sallan","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb2297","url":null,"abstract":"Most vertebrate lineages are first recorded from the mid-Paleozoic, well after their Cambrian origin and Ordovician invertebrate biodiversification events. This delay has been poorly understood and is usually attributed to sampling and long ghost lineages. We analyzed newly compiled databases of Paleozoic vertebrate occurrences, biogeography, and ecosystems, revealing that the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (~445 to 443 million years ago) triggered parallel, endemic radiations of jawed and related jawless vertebrates (gnathostomes) in isolated refugia. Postextinction ecosystems hosted the first definitive appearances of most major vertebrate lineages of the Paleozoic “Age of Fishes” (and today), following the loss of ubiquitous stem-cyclostome conodonts, nascent faunas of other gnathostomes, and pelagic invertebrates. Turnover and recovery patterns matched those following climatically similar events like the end-Devonian mass extinction, including a postextinction “gap” with low biodiversity. The prolonged Silurian recovery, and the challenges of oceanic dispersal, likely further delayed the dominance of jawed gnathostomes for millions of years after the first fossil jaws.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"386 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Ge,Tian Tian,Bolong Li,Peter Axerio-Cillies,Wenlin Chen,Xin Qin,Mudi Zhao,Qi-Cheng Sun,Jiaqi Li,Stan B Floresco,Lidong Liu,Xin Yang,Yu Tian Wang
The GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays a central role in synaptic development and plasticity, and its hypofunction is linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), severe neurodevelopmental delay, and other neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, enhancing the function of this NMDAR subunit may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for correcting synaptic and behavioral deficits associated with GluN2B hypofunction. Here, we developed a class of GluN2B-selective positive allosteric modulators and characterized the pharmacological properties and binding site of the lead compound, 175. Systemic application of 175 facilitates hippocampal long-term depression in rats. 175 restores performances in open-field exploration and three-chamber test in Mecp2 overexpression mice that exhibit GluN2B hypofunction and autism-like features. Treatment with 175 also reverses behavioral abnormalities in open-field, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, three-chamber test, and prepulse inhibition in Disc1 mutant mice. Our findings introduce a pharmacological tool for selectively potentiating GluN2B-NMDAR function and highlight its therapeutic potential for cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with GluN2B hypofunction.
n -甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体（NMDARs）的GluN2B亚基在突触发育和可塑性中起核心作用，其功能障碍与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、严重神经发育迟缓和其他神经精神疾病有关。因此，增强该NMDAR亚基的功能可能为纠正与GluN2B功能减退相关的突触和行为缺陷提供有效的治疗策略。在这里，我们开发了一类glun2b选择性阳性变构调节剂，并表征了先导化合物175的药理学性质和结合位点。175对大鼠海马长期抑郁有促进作用。175可以恢复Mecp2过表达小鼠的开放性探索和三室实验的表现，这些小鼠表现出GluN2B功能低下和自闭症样特征。175治疗还能逆转Disc1突变小鼠在野外、y迷宫自发交替、三室试验和脉冲前抑制中的行为异常。我们的研究结果介绍了一种选择性增强GluN2B- nmdar功能的药理学工具，并强调了其治疗与GluN2B功能减退相关的认知和行为症状的潜力。
{"title":"GluN2B-specific NMDAR positive allosteric modulation reverses cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in Mecp2 and Disc1 transgenic mice.","authors":"Yang Ge,Tian Tian,Bolong Li,Peter Axerio-Cillies,Wenlin Chen,Xin Qin,Mudi Zhao,Qi-Cheng Sun,Jiaqi Li,Stan B Floresco,Lidong Liu,Xin Yang,Yu Tian Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ady3891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ady3891","url":null,"abstract":"The GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) plays a central role in synaptic development and plasticity, and its hypofunction is linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), severe neurodevelopmental delay, and other neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, enhancing the function of this NMDAR subunit may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for correcting synaptic and behavioral deficits associated with GluN2B hypofunction. Here, we developed a class of GluN2B-selective positive allosteric modulators and characterized the pharmacological properties and binding site of the lead compound, 175. Systemic application of 175 facilitates hippocampal long-term depression in rats. 175 restores performances in open-field exploration and three-chamber test in Mecp2 overexpression mice that exhibit GluN2B hypofunction and autism-like features. Treatment with 175 also reverses behavioral abnormalities in open-field, Y-maze spontaneous alternation, three-chamber test, and prepulse inhibition in Disc1 mutant mice. Our findings introduce a pharmacological tool for selectively potentiating GluN2B-NMDAR function and highlight its therapeutic potential for cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with GluN2B hypofunction.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"241 1","pages":"eady3891"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite their importance in the climate system, remote ocean regions and their ability to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) remain highly uncertain. To address this issue, citizen science initiatives, including sailboats, expand the observational network. Using observing system simulations and novel sailboat tracks, we demonstrate how integrating sailboat data improves estimates of ocean carbon uptake. While we underestimate the ocean carbon sink when mimicking real-world sampling, adding available sailboat data does not substantially improve reconstructions. Nevertheless, increased sampling reveals a stronger carbon sink, particularly between 40°S and 60°S. The improvement persists with hypothetical measurement uncertainties, but substantial differences arise depending on whether positive or negative biases are applied to the race track data. While we show that two additional circumnavigations already improve the ocean mean sink estimate, we further highlight the finding that the additional data remain insufficient to correct the overestimated CO2 sink trend, calling for continuation of the ongoing data collection.
{"title":"Improved air-sea CO2 flux estimates from sailboat measurements.","authors":"Jacqueline Behncke,Tatiana Ilyina,Fatemeh Chegini,Peter Landschützer","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz1502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz1502","url":null,"abstract":"Despite their importance in the climate system, remote ocean regions and their ability to absorb anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) remain highly uncertain. To address this issue, citizen science initiatives, including sailboats, expand the observational network. Using observing system simulations and novel sailboat tracks, we demonstrate how integrating sailboat data improves estimates of ocean carbon uptake. While we underestimate the ocean carbon sink when mimicking real-world sampling, adding available sailboat data does not substantially improve reconstructions. Nevertheless, increased sampling reveals a stronger carbon sink, particularly between 40°S and 60°S. The improvement persists with hypothetical measurement uncertainties, but substantial differences arise depending on whether positive or negative biases are applied to the race track data. While we show that two additional circumnavigations already improve the ocean mean sink estimate, we further highlight the finding that the additional data remain insufficient to correct the overestimated CO2 sink trend, calling for continuation of the ongoing data collection.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"125 1","pages":"eadz1502"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sialic acid represents one of the most important monosaccharides in mammals. However, because of the unique structure of sialic acid with the anomeric center flanked by methylene and carboxyl groups, efficient synthetic access to sialoglycans remains a difficult task, thus hindering in-depth biological studies. Here, we report one-pot α-sialylation protocol for efficient synthesis of various α-sialoglycans, using sialyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates (PVB) as donors. This α-sialylation method enjoys broad substrate scope and high yields. In particular, this α-sialylation protocol has been successfully applied in one-pot synthesis of several α-sialoglycans, including bioactive ganglioside Hp-s1 and STN antigen with reduced steps and improved efficiency. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations provide the mechanistic insights of much higher reactivity of sialyl PVB donors than the corresponding thiosialoside donors in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). The enhanced reactivity arises from favorable noncovalent interactions and effective stabilization of the carbocation intermediate by the two phenyl groups within the PVB moieties.
{"title":"Highly efficient α-sialylation with ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates as leaving groups: One-pot assembly of α-sialoglycans.","authors":"Yunqin Zhang,Yujie Ji,Qiang Tan,Hanyingzi Fan,Qingli Zhou,Caixia Yin,Siqi Li,Xiufang Wang,Gang Lu,Guozhi Xiao","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb0711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb0711","url":null,"abstract":"Sialic acid represents one of the most important monosaccharides in mammals. However, because of the unique structure of sialic acid with the anomeric center flanked by methylene and carboxyl groups, efficient synthetic access to sialoglycans remains a difficult task, thus hindering in-depth biological studies. Here, we report one-pot α-sialylation protocol for efficient synthesis of various α-sialoglycans, using sialyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates (PVB) as donors. This α-sialylation method enjoys broad substrate scope and high yields. In particular, this α-sialylation protocol has been successfully applied in one-pot synthesis of several α-sialoglycans, including bioactive ganglioside Hp-s1 and STN antigen with reduced steps and improved efficiency. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations provide the mechanistic insights of much higher reactivity of sialyl PVB donors than the corresponding thiosialoside donors in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). The enhanced reactivity arises from favorable noncovalent interactions and effective stabilization of the carbocation intermediate by the two phenyl groups within the PVB moieties.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"244 1","pages":"eaeb0711"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boya Wang, Cameron Chalk, David Doty, David Soloveichik
Synthetic molecular information processing is typically designed through programming kinetic pathways, so that molecules bind, unbind, or incur conformational changes in some desired order. We demonstrate an alternative paradigm in dynamic DNA nanotechnology that programs the thermodynamic equilibrium state directly, with computation emerging from entropic driving forces. Like declarative programming in computer science, this approach emphasizes desired outcomes rather than specific steps, simplifying molecular programming and avoiding errors caused when thermodynamic forces work against programmed kinetics. We show broad applicability through three distinct applications: reversible signal propagation with fan-in and fan-out, algorithmic self-assembly performing Boolean logic, and synthesis of molecular chains (concatemers) of programmable length, illustrating how thermodynamic computation can enable practical molecular engineering tasks. Our work may enable previously unexplored ways to engineer complex molecular behaviors and help inform the understanding of the computational power of thermodynamics versus kinetics for molecular systems.
{"title":"Molecular computation at equilibrium via programmable entropy","authors":"Boya Wang, Cameron Chalk, David Doty, David Soloveichik","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adx3969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx3969","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic molecular information processing is typically designed through programming kinetic pathways, so that molecules bind, unbind, or incur conformational changes in some desired order. We demonstrate an alternative paradigm in dynamic DNA nanotechnology that programs the thermodynamic equilibrium state directly, with computation emerging from entropic driving forces. Like declarative programming in computer science, this approach emphasizes desired outcomes rather than specific steps, simplifying molecular programming and avoiding errors caused when thermodynamic forces work against programmed kinetics. We show broad applicability through three distinct applications: reversible signal propagation with fan-in and fan-out, algorithmic self-assembly performing Boolean logic, and synthesis of molecular chains (concatemers) of programmable length, illustrating how thermodynamic computation can enable practical molecular engineering tasks. Our work may enable previously unexplored ways to engineer complex molecular behaviors and help inform the understanding of the computational power of thermodynamics versus kinetics for molecular systems.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Zhou,Ting Zou,Sen-Hui Wu,Hong-Jian Song,Yu-Xiu Liu,Qing-Min Wang
Sulfinamides are ubiquitous structures among natural products and biologically active compounds. Generic synthetic methods for sulfinamides remain elusive because the preparation of sulfoxide precursors is notoriously difficult. Direct construction of S─N bonds represents a highly efficient economical method to access these sulfinamides. However, the most prevalent techniques for their synthesis are still the nonradical approaches of sulfoxide precursors with amines, where prepreparation of substrates, harsh reaction conditions, and restricted substrate ranges have intrinsically limited the synthetic scope. Herein, we leveraged a practical and streamlined electrocatalytic strategy to achieve sulfinamide synthesis, which involves the intermolecular oxidative cross-coupling of readily available arylthiols and aliphatic amines. Mechanistic investigations indicate that four successive oxidations at the anode play a crucial role in radical generation, S─N bond formation, and further oxidation of intermediates.
{"title":"Anode-induced arylthiol-amine cross-coupling: A nontraditional strategy to access sulfinamides.","authors":"Pan Zhou,Ting Zou,Sen-Hui Wu,Hong-Jian Song,Yu-Xiu Liu,Qing-Min Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aeb6913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb6913","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfinamides are ubiquitous structures among natural products and biologically active compounds. Generic synthetic methods for sulfinamides remain elusive because the preparation of sulfoxide precursors is notoriously difficult. Direct construction of S─N bonds represents a highly efficient economical method to access these sulfinamides. However, the most prevalent techniques for their synthesis are still the nonradical approaches of sulfoxide precursors with amines, where prepreparation of substrates, harsh reaction conditions, and restricted substrate ranges have intrinsically limited the synthetic scope. Herein, we leveraged a practical and streamlined electrocatalytic strategy to achieve sulfinamide synthesis, which involves the intermolecular oxidative cross-coupling of readily available arylthiols and aliphatic amines. Mechanistic investigations indicate that four successive oxidations at the anode play a crucial role in radical generation, S─N bond formation, and further oxidation of intermediates.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"15 1","pages":"eaeb6913"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caixia Wang,Yulin Cong,Linlin Yang,Liang Liu,Yuxin Xie,Xuan Ding,Guixiang Zeng,Huangxian Ju,Ying Liu
Continuous monitoring of miRNA expression in vivo is crucial for understanding complex biological processes. However, current miRNA imaging probes suffer from irreversible responses, impairing their capabilities for real-time tracking concentration fluctuations. Here, we present a near-infrared regulated DNA tweezer (NIR-DNA tweezer) with reversible binding affinities to target miRNA. Self-quenched DNA tweezer is composed of BHQ3-labeled miRNA recognition strand and Cy5-labeled competitive strand, while competitive strand is embedded with azobenzene (Azo) to photo-switch the hybridization zones of DNA tweezer for reversible miRNA recognitions. NIR-DNA tweezer is obtained by conjugating DNA tweezer to upconversion nanoparticles, which is switched to "transit" status upon high-power 808-nm irradiation with cis-Azo to allow miRNA recognition with Cy5 fluorescence recovery. Upon low-power 808-nm irradiation, NIR-DNA tweezer is switched to "closed" status with trans-Azo to release miRNA and erase signal. The as-presented NIR-DNA tweezer achieves real-time in vivo tracing of miRNA expression fluctuations upon continuous chemotherapeutic drug and inhibitor treatments.
{"title":"NIR-switched DNA tweezer enables reversible miRNA recognition with erasable signal for in vivo continuous imaging.","authors":"Caixia Wang,Yulin Cong,Linlin Yang,Liang Liu,Yuxin Xie,Xuan Ding,Guixiang Zeng,Huangxian Ju,Ying Liu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz3560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz3560","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous monitoring of miRNA expression in vivo is crucial for understanding complex biological processes. However, current miRNA imaging probes suffer from irreversible responses, impairing their capabilities for real-time tracking concentration fluctuations. Here, we present a near-infrared regulated DNA tweezer (NIR-DNA tweezer) with reversible binding affinities to target miRNA. Self-quenched DNA tweezer is composed of BHQ3-labeled miRNA recognition strand and Cy5-labeled competitive strand, while competitive strand is embedded with azobenzene (Azo) to photo-switch the hybridization zones of DNA tweezer for reversible miRNA recognitions. NIR-DNA tweezer is obtained by conjugating DNA tweezer to upconversion nanoparticles, which is switched to \"transit\" status upon high-power 808-nm irradiation with cis-Azo to allow miRNA recognition with Cy5 fluorescence recovery. Upon low-power 808-nm irradiation, NIR-DNA tweezer is switched to \"closed\" status with trans-Azo to release miRNA and erase signal. The as-presented NIR-DNA tweezer achieves real-time in vivo tracing of miRNA expression fluctuations upon continuous chemotherapeutic drug and inhibitor treatments.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"84 1","pages":"eadz3560"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Su,Andreas P Teske,Ian P G Marshall,Zichao Zeng,Yinzhao Wang,Kurt O Konhauser,Yuhao Li,Shengwei Hou,Jiangtao Li
Korarchaeota, an ancient lineage of archaea, has long been overlooked in discussions of archaeal and eukaryotic evolution. Their physiology and evolutionary history have remained enigmatic due to their rarity in natural environments. Here, we assembled 101 Korarchaeota genomes from different seafloor hydrothermal vents and terrestrial hot springs, revealing that Korarchaeota lineages have undergone multiple transitions between marine and terrestrial habitats. These transitions were accompanied by genomic shifts reflecting adaptations to habitat-specific physicochemical conditions, including variations in nutrient availability, potential energy sources, osmotic conditions, and viral predation stresses. Molecular dating suggests that Korarchaeota originated ~2.84 billion years (Ga) ago, with three subsequent diversification events occurring around 2.42, 1.52, and 1.29 Ga ago. These major diversifications coincide with key geological events such as the Great Oxidation Event and the breakup and formation of supercontinents. Our findings provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory and ecological adaptations of Korarchaeota, thereby enhancing our understanding of microbial coevolution with Earth's dynamic surface environments.
{"title":"Genomic adaptation strategies to habitat switching in Korarchaeota.","authors":"Lei Su,Andreas P Teske,Ian P G Marshall,Zichao Zeng,Yinzhao Wang,Kurt O Konhauser,Yuhao Li,Shengwei Hou,Jiangtao Li","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aea1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea1035","url":null,"abstract":"Korarchaeota, an ancient lineage of archaea, has long been overlooked in discussions of archaeal and eukaryotic evolution. Their physiology and evolutionary history have remained enigmatic due to their rarity in natural environments. Here, we assembled 101 Korarchaeota genomes from different seafloor hydrothermal vents and terrestrial hot springs, revealing that Korarchaeota lineages have undergone multiple transitions between marine and terrestrial habitats. These transitions were accompanied by genomic shifts reflecting adaptations to habitat-specific physicochemical conditions, including variations in nutrient availability, potential energy sources, osmotic conditions, and viral predation stresses. Molecular dating suggests that Korarchaeota originated ~2.84 billion years (Ga) ago, with three subsequent diversification events occurring around 2.42, 1.52, and 1.29 Ga ago. These major diversifications coincide with key geological events such as the Great Oxidation Event and the breakup and formation of supercontinents. Our findings provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory and ecological adaptations of Korarchaeota, thereby enhancing our understanding of microbial coevolution with Earth's dynamic surface environments.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"84 1","pages":"eaea1035"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Katznelson,Jingchao Zhang,Greg Donahue,Kenneth S Zaret
Pioneer transcription factors target transcriptionally silent chromatin, thereby enabling gene activation in development, regeneration, and cell reprogramming. However, silent chromatin is heterogeneous, varying in nucleosome stability, nucleosome compaction, and repressive histone modifications, and how pioneer factors may differentially overcome these different chromatin barriers is unknown. We systematically compared the chromatin targeting of 13 embryonic transcription factors and found that the DNA binding domain (DBD) type predicts whether a pioneer factor targets low-turnover nucleosomes in compact chromatin, dynamic nucleosomes in compact chromatin or functions as a nonpioneer factor targeting accessible chromatin. By contrast, non-DBD domains enable targeting of repressed chromatin marked by H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Fusions of different non-DBD segments of heterochromatin-targeting pioneer factors to the transcription factor SOX2 can expand binding of SOX2 target motifs within heterochromatin and improve cellular reprogramming. Our study unveils how different forms of silent chromatin are coordinately targeted by lineage-specifying factors.
{"title":"Basis for lineage-determining pioneer factors targeting distinct repressed chromatin states.","authors":"Andrew Katznelson,Jingchao Zhang,Greg Donahue,Kenneth S Zaret","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adz7409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz7409","url":null,"abstract":"Pioneer transcription factors target transcriptionally silent chromatin, thereby enabling gene activation in development, regeneration, and cell reprogramming. However, silent chromatin is heterogeneous, varying in nucleosome stability, nucleosome compaction, and repressive histone modifications, and how pioneer factors may differentially overcome these different chromatin barriers is unknown. We systematically compared the chromatin targeting of 13 embryonic transcription factors and found that the DNA binding domain (DBD) type predicts whether a pioneer factor targets low-turnover nucleosomes in compact chromatin, dynamic nucleosomes in compact chromatin or functions as a nonpioneer factor targeting accessible chromatin. By contrast, non-DBD domains enable targeting of repressed chromatin marked by H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Fusions of different non-DBD segments of heterochromatin-targeting pioneer factors to the transcription factor SOX2 can expand binding of SOX2 target motifs within heterochromatin and improve cellular reprogramming. Our study unveils how different forms of silent chromatin are coordinately targeted by lineage-specifying factors.","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"53 1","pages":"eadz7409"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：