Jack Gillespie, Aaron J. Cavosie, Denis Fougerouse, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, William D. A. Rickard, David W. Saxey, Gretchen K. Benedix, Phil A. Bland
Finding direct evidence for hydrous fluids on early Mars is of interest for understanding the origin of water on rocky planets, surface processes, and conditions essential for habitability, but it is challenging to obtain from martian meteorites. Micro- to nanoscale microscopy of a unique impact-shocked zircon from the regolith breccia meteorite NWA7034 reveals textural and chemical indicators of hydrothermal conditions on Mars during crystallization 4.45 billion years ago. Element distribution maps show sharp alternating zoning defined by marked enrichments of non-formula elements, such as Fe, Al, and Na, and ubiquitous nanoscale magnetite inclusions. The zoning and inclusions are similar to those reported in terrestrial zircon crystallizing in the presence of aqueous fluid and are here interpreted as primary features recording zircon growth from exsolved hydrous fluids at ~4.45 billion years. The unique record of crustal processes preserved in this grain survived early impact bombardment and provides previously unidentified petrological evidence for a wet pre-Noachian martian crust.
{"title":"Zircon trace element evidence for early hydrothermal activity on Mars","authors":"Jack Gillespie, Aaron J. Cavosie, Denis Fougerouse, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, William D. A. Rickard, David W. Saxey, Gretchen K. Benedix, Phil A. Bland","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq3694","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq3694","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Finding direct evidence for hydrous fluids on early Mars is of interest for understanding the origin of water on rocky planets, surface processes, and conditions essential for habitability, but it is challenging to obtain from martian meteorites. Micro- to nanoscale microscopy of a unique impact-shocked zircon from the regolith breccia meteorite NWA7034 reveals textural and chemical indicators of hydrothermal conditions on Mars during crystallization 4.45 billion years ago. Element distribution maps show sharp alternating zoning defined by marked enrichments of non-formula elements, such as Fe, Al, and Na, and ubiquitous nanoscale magnetite inclusions. The zoning and inclusions are similar to those reported in terrestrial zircon crystallizing in the presence of aqueous fluid and are here interpreted as primary features recording zircon growth from exsolved hydrous fluids at ~4.45 billion years. The unique record of crustal processes preserved in this grain survived early impact bombardment and provides previously unidentified petrological evidence for a wet pre-Noachian martian crust.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Rodriguez-Rojas, Jorge U. Máñez-Miró, José A. Pineda-Pardo, Marta del Álamo, Raúl Martínez-Fernández, José A. Obeso
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) modulates basal ganglia output and plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Blockade/ablation of the STN improves motor signs in PD. We assessed the topography of focused ultrasound subthalamotomy (n = 39) by voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to identify statistically validated brain voxels with the optimal effect against each cardinal feature and their respective cortical connectivity patterns by diffusion-weighted tractography. Bradykinesia and rigidity amelioration were associated with ablation of the rostral motor STN subregion connected to the supplementary motor and premotor cortices, whereas antitremor effect was explained by lesioning the posterolateral STN projection to the primary motor cortex. These findings were corroborated prospectively in another PD cohort (n = 12). This work concurs with recent deep brain stimulation findings that suggest different corticosubthalamic circuits underlying each PD cardinal feature. Our results provide sound evidence in humans of segregated anatomy of subthalamic-cortical connections and their distinct role in PD pathophysiology and normal motor control.
{"title":"Functional anatomy of the subthalamic nucleus and the pathophysiology of cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease unraveled by focused ultrasound ablation","authors":"Rafael Rodriguez-Rojas, Jorge U. Máñez-Miró, José A. Pineda-Pardo, Marta del Álamo, Raúl Martínez-Fernández, José A. Obeso","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr9891","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr9891","url":null,"abstract":"<div >The subthalamic nucleus (STN) modulates basal ganglia output and plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Blockade/ablation of the STN improves motor signs in PD. We assessed the topography of focused ultrasound subthalamotomy (<i>n</i> = 39) by voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to identify statistically validated brain voxels with the optimal effect against each cardinal feature and their respective cortical connectivity patterns by diffusion-weighted tractography. Bradykinesia and rigidity amelioration were associated with ablation of the rostral motor STN subregion connected to the supplementary motor and premotor cortices, whereas antitremor effect was explained by lesioning the posterolateral STN projection to the primary motor cortex. These findings were corroborated prospectively in another PD cohort (<i>n</i> = 12). This work concurs with recent deep brain stimulation findings that suggest different corticosubthalamic circuits underlying each PD cardinal feature. Our results provide sound evidence in humans of segregated anatomy of subthalamic-cortical connections and their distinct role in PD pathophysiology and normal motor control.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangzhang Tao, Wooseok Lee, Zhimin Xu, Hui Shu, Qing Wang, Shengyang Ni, Yi Pan, Sungwoo Hong, Yi Wang
We present a versatile nickel-electrocatalytic deaminative cross-coupling platform for the efficient construction of C(sp3)–C(sp3) and C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds from readily available alkyl bistriflimides. This methodology involves the assembly of two leaving groups on alkyl amines to form alkyl bistriflimides, followed by their effective coupling with a wide range of alkyl halides, alkyl pseudohalides, aryl halides, and alkenyl halides under electrochemical reductive conditions. Moreover, the successful application of electrochemical reductive relay cross-coupling and transition metal–free cross-electrophile coupling further demonstrates the versatility of alkyl bistriflimides as valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. Combined control experiments and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the reaction pathway and the crucial role of iodide in the catalytic process.
{"title":"Reductive deaminative cross-coupling of alkyl bistriflimides enabled by electrocatalysis","authors":"Xiangzhang Tao, Wooseok Lee, Zhimin Xu, Hui Shu, Qing Wang, Shengyang Ni, Yi Pan, Sungwoo Hong, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.ads5410","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.ads5410","url":null,"abstract":"<div >We present a versatile nickel-electrocatalytic deaminative cross-coupling platform for the efficient construction of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp<sup>3</sup>) and C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp<sup>2</sup>) bonds from readily available alkyl bistriflimides. This methodology involves the assembly of two leaving groups on alkyl amines to form alkyl bistriflimides, followed by their effective coupling with a wide range of alkyl halides, alkyl pseudohalides, aryl halides, and alkenyl halides under electrochemical reductive conditions. Moreover, the successful application of electrochemical reductive relay cross-coupling and transition metal–free cross-electrophile coupling further demonstrates the versatility of alkyl bistriflimides as valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. Combined control experiments and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the reaction pathway and the crucial role of iodide in the catalytic process.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are highly heterogeneous and invasive, leading to treatment resistance and relapse. However, the molecular regulation in and distal to tumors remains elusive. Here, we collected paired tissues from the tumor core (TC) and peritumoral brain (PTB) for integrated snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq analyses. Tumor cells infiltrating PTB from TC behave more like oligodendrocyte progenitor cells than astrocytes at the transcriptome level. Dual-omics analyses further suggest that the distal regulatory regions in the tumor genome and specific transcription factors are potential determinants of regional heterogeneity. Notably, while activator protein 1 (AP-1) is active in all GBM states, its activity declines from TC to PTB, with another transcription factor, BACH1, showing the opposite trend. Combined inhibition of AP-1 and BACH1 more efficiently attenuates the tumor progression in mice and prolongs survival than either single-target treatment. Together, our work reveals marked molecular alterations of infiltrated GBM cells and a synergy of combination therapy targeting intratumor heterogeneity in and distal to GBM.
{"title":"Single-cell multi-omics sequencing uncovers region-specific plasticity of glioblastoma for complementary therapeutic targeting","authors":"Xin Wang, Qian Sun, Tianbin Liu, Haoran Lu, Xuyi Lin, Weiwen Wang, Yang Liu, Yunting Huang, Guodong Huang, Haixi Sun, Qianxue Chen, Junmin Wang, Daofeng Tian, Fan’en Yuan, Longqi Liu, Bo Wang, Ying Gu, Baohui Liu, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adn4306","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adn4306","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are highly heterogeneous and invasive, leading to treatment resistance and relapse. However, the molecular regulation in and distal to tumors remains elusive. Here, we collected paired tissues from the tumor core (TC) and peritumoral brain (PTB) for integrated snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq analyses. Tumor cells infiltrating PTB from TC behave more like oligodendrocyte progenitor cells than astrocytes at the transcriptome level. Dual-omics analyses further suggest that the distal regulatory regions in the tumor genome and specific transcription factors are potential determinants of regional heterogeneity. Notably, while activator protein 1 (AP-1) is active in all GBM states, its activity declines from TC to PTB, with another transcription factor, BACH1, showing the opposite trend. Combined inhibition of AP-1 and BACH1 more efficiently attenuates the tumor progression in mice and prolongs survival than either single-target treatment. Together, our work reveals marked molecular alterations of infiltrated GBM cells and a synergy of combination therapy targeting intratumor heterogeneity in and distal to GBM.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donnisa Edmonds, Joseph J. Salvo, Nathan Anderson, Maya Lakshman, Qiaohan Yang, Kendrick Kay, Christina Zelano, Rodrigo M. Braga
Reasoning about someone’s thoughts and intentions—i.e., forming a “theory of mind”—is a core aspect of social cognition and relies on association areas of the brain that have expanded disproportionately in the human lineage. We recently showed that these association zones comprise parallel distributed networks that, despite occupying adjacent and interdigitated regions, serve dissociable functions. One network is selectively recruited by social cognitive processes. What circuit properties differentiate these parallel networks? Here, we show that social cognitive association areas are intrinsically and selectively connected to anterior regions of the medial temporal lobe that are implicated in emotional learning and social behaviors, including the amygdala at or near the basolateral complex and medial nucleus. The results suggest that social cognitive functions emerge through coordinated activity between internal circuits of the amygdala and a broader distributed association network, and indicate the medial nucleus may play an important role in social cognition in humans.
{"title":"The human social cognitive network contains multiple regions within the amygdala","authors":"Donnisa Edmonds, Joseph J. Salvo, Nathan Anderson, Maya Lakshman, Qiaohan Yang, Kendrick Kay, Christina Zelano, Rodrigo M. Braga","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp0453","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp0453","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Reasoning about someone’s thoughts and intentions—i.e., forming a “theory of mind”—is a core aspect of social cognition and relies on association areas of the brain that have expanded disproportionately in the human lineage. We recently showed that these association zones comprise parallel distributed networks that, despite occupying adjacent and interdigitated regions, serve dissociable functions. One network is selectively recruited by social cognitive processes. What circuit properties differentiate these parallel networks? Here, we show that social cognitive association areas are intrinsically and selectively connected to anterior regions of the medial temporal lobe that are implicated in emotional learning and social behaviors, including the amygdala at or near the basolateral complex and medial nucleus. The results suggest that social cognitive functions emerge through coordinated activity between internal circuits of the amygdala and a broader distributed association network, and indicate the medial nucleus may play an important role in social cognition in humans.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has revolutionized life sciences, particularly in organoid technologies. Traditional bioscaffold materials, however, complicate the detachment of tumor organoids and hamper the routine use of organoid–immune cell cocultures. Here, we show an acoustic virtual 3D scaffold (AV-Scaf) method to achieve 3D tumor organoid culture, enabling a direct-interacting tumor organoid–immune cell coculture system. The self-organization process of tumor cells is facilitated by a vortex acoustic field, which enables the cell bioassembly and ion channel activation. This approach can significantly enhance the influx of calcium ions, thereby accelerating intercellular interactions of cellular assemblies. We established scaffold-free melanoma and breast cancer organoids using AV-Scaf and cocultured melanoma organoids with T cells. We found that our coculture system resulted in a high activation state of T cells, characterized by notable up-regulation of granzyme B (2.82 to 17.5%) and interferon-γ (1.36 to 16%). AV-Scaf offers an efficient method for tumor organoid–immune cell studies, advancing cancer research and immunotherapy development.
三维（3D）细胞培养给生命科学，尤其是类器官技术带来了革命性的变化。然而，传统的生物支架材料使肿瘤类器官的分离变得复杂，妨碍了类器官-免疫细胞共培养的常规使用。在这里，我们展示了一种声学虚拟三维支架（AV-Scaf）方法来实现三维肿瘤类器官培养，使肿瘤类器官-免疫细胞共培养系统能够直接相互作用。涡旋声场促进了肿瘤细胞的自组织过程，实现了细胞的生物组装和离子通道激活。这种方法可以大大增强钙离子的流入，从而加速细胞组装的细胞间相互作用。我们利用 AV-Scaf 建立了无支架的黑色素瘤和乳腺癌器官组织，并将黑色素瘤器官组织与 T 细胞进行了共培养。我们发现，我们的共培养系统导致了 T 细胞的高度活化状态，其特点是颗粒酶 B（2.82%-17.5%）和干扰素-γ（1.36%-16%）显著上调。AV-Scaf 为肿瘤类器官-免疫细胞研究提供了一种有效的方法，推动了癌症研究和免疫疗法的开发。
{"title":"Acoustic virtual 3D scaffold for direct-interacting tumor organoid–immune cell coculture systems","authors":"Han Shan, Maike Chen, Shuang Zhao, Xiongwei Wei, Mingde Zheng, Yixin Li, Qibo Lin, Zixi Jiang, Ziyan Chen, Chunlong Fei, Zhaoxi Li, Zeyu Chen, Xiang Chen","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr4831","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr4831","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has revolutionized life sciences, particularly in organoid technologies. Traditional bioscaffold materials, however, complicate the detachment of tumor organoids and hamper the routine use of organoid–immune cell cocultures. Here, we show an acoustic virtual 3D scaffold (AV-Scaf) method to achieve 3D tumor organoid culture, enabling a direct-interacting tumor organoid–immune cell coculture system. The self-organization process of tumor cells is facilitated by a vortex acoustic field, which enables the cell bioassembly and ion channel activation. This approach can significantly enhance the influx of calcium ions, thereby accelerating intercellular interactions of cellular assemblies. We established scaffold-free melanoma and breast cancer organoids using AV-Scaf and cocultured melanoma organoids with T cells. We found that our coculture system resulted in a high activation state of T cells, characterized by notable up-regulation of granzyme B (2.82 to 17.5%) and interferon-γ (1.36 to 16%). AV-Scaf offers an efficient method for tumor organoid–immune cell studies, advancing cancer research and immunotherapy development.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Qu, Kai Xie, Shu Chen, Xingdao He, Yuan Wang, Matthew Chamberlin, Xi Zhao, Guangyu Zhu, Chenjie Xu, Peng Shi
Closed-loop strategies offer advanced therapeutic potential through intelligent disease management. Here, we develop a hydrogel-based, single-component, organic electronic device for closed-loop neurotherapy. Fabricated out of conductive hydrogels, the device consists of a flexible array of microneedle electrodes, each of which can be individually addressed to perform electrical recording and control chemical release with sophisticated spatiotemporal control, thus pioneering a smart antiseizure therapeutic system by combining electrical and pharmacological interventions. The recorded neural signal acts as the trigger for a voltage-driven drug release in detected pathological conditions predicted by real-time electrophysiology analysis. When implanted into epileptic animals, the device enables autonomous antiseizure management, where the dosing of antiepileptic drug is controlled in a time-sensitive, region-selective, and dose-adaptive manner, allowing the inhibition of seizure outbursts through the delivery of just-necessary drug dosages. The side effects are minimized with dosages three orders of magnitude lower than the usage in approaches simulating existing clinical treatments.
{"title":"Multifunctional hydrogel electronics for closed-loop antiepileptic treatment","authors":"Jin Qu, Kai Xie, Shu Chen, Xingdao He, Yuan Wang, Matthew Chamberlin, Xi Zhao, Guangyu Zhu, Chenjie Xu, Peng Shi","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq9207","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq9207","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Closed-loop strategies offer advanced therapeutic potential through intelligent disease management. Here, we develop a hydrogel-based, single-component, organic electronic device for closed-loop neurotherapy. Fabricated out of conductive hydrogels, the device consists of a flexible array of microneedle electrodes, each of which can be individually addressed to perform electrical recording and control chemical release with sophisticated spatiotemporal control, thus pioneering a smart antiseizure therapeutic system by combining electrical and pharmacological interventions. The recorded neural signal acts as the trigger for a voltage-driven drug release in detected pathological conditions predicted by real-time electrophysiology analysis. When implanted into epileptic animals, the device enables autonomous antiseizure management, where the dosing of antiepileptic drug is controlled in a time-sensitive, region-selective, and dose-adaptive manner, allowing the inhibition of seizure outbursts through the delivery of just-necessary drug dosages. The side effects are minimized with dosages three orders of magnitude lower than the usage in approaches simulating existing clinical treatments.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum noise is one of the most profound obstacles to implementing large-scale quantum algorithms and schemes. In particular, the dynamical process by which quantum noise, varying in strength from 0 to critical levels, affects and destroys quantum advantage has not been well understood. Meanwhile, correlation generation serves as a precious theoretical model for information processing tasks, where quantum advantage can be precisely quantified. In this study, we show that this model provides valuable insights into the understanding of this dynamical process. We prove that, as the strength of quantum noise continuously increases from 0, the quantum advantage diminishes gradually and eventually vanishes. Unexpectedly, in some cases, we observe the phenomenon of a sudden death of quantum advantage: When the noise strength exceeds a certain threshold, the quantum advantage abruptly disappears from a substantial level. This phenomenon, once again, reveals the tremendous impact of noise on quantum information processing tasks.
{"title":"Sudden death of quantum advantage in correlation generations","authors":"Weixiao Sun, Fuchuan Wei, Yuguo Shao, Zhaohui Wei","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adr5002","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adr5002","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Quantum noise is one of the most profound obstacles to implementing large-scale quantum algorithms and schemes. In particular, the dynamical process by which quantum noise, varying in strength from 0 to critical levels, affects and destroys quantum advantage has not been well understood. Meanwhile, correlation generation serves as a precious theoretical model for information processing tasks, where quantum advantage can be precisely quantified. In this study, we show that this model provides valuable insights into the understanding of this dynamical process. We prove that, as the strength of quantum noise continuously increases from 0, the quantum advantage diminishes gradually and eventually vanishes. Unexpectedly, in some cases, we observe the phenomenon of a sudden death of quantum advantage: When the noise strength exceeds a certain threshold, the quantum advantage abruptly disappears from a substantial level. This phenomenon, once again, reveals the tremendous impact of noise on quantum information processing tasks.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adr5002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, the understanding of various modes of CO2 mass transport remains incomplete, impeding the transfer of catalysts identified in the more accessible electrochemical batch cells to high-performance flow cells. In this work, we demonstrate that the meniscus region formed between the electrode and the convex liquid level due to the electrowetting of the catalyst plays a vital role in the CO2RR in batch cells. CO2RR in the meniscus region in batch cells exhibits similar performance with that in flow cells, and the performance disparity between these two configurations largely disappears when conducting CO2RR primarily in the meniscus region. An assembled double-sided gas diffusion electrode with a gas channel is developed to maximize the meniscus-like region, achieving a CO2RR partial current density of 640 mA/cm2geo on commercial Cu in the KHCO3 electrolyte. This performance represents the highest CO2RR activity in neutral buffered media.
{"title":"Bridging activity gaps between batch and flow reactor configurations in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide","authors":"Qiwen Sun, Linke Fu, Xiaoxia Chang, Bingjun Xu","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adp5697","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adp5697","url":null,"abstract":"<div >To date, the understanding of various modes of CO<sub>2</sub> mass transport remains incomplete, impeding the transfer of catalysts identified in the more accessible electrochemical batch cells to high-performance flow cells. In this work, we demonstrate that the meniscus region formed between the electrode and the convex liquid level due to the electrowetting of the catalyst plays a vital role in the CO<sub>2</sub>RR in batch cells. CO<sub>2</sub>RR in the meniscus region in batch cells exhibits similar performance with that in flow cells, and the performance disparity between these two configurations largely disappears when conducting CO<sub>2</sub>RR primarily in the meniscus region. An assembled double-sided gas diffusion electrode with a gas channel is developed to maximize the meniscus-like region, achieving a CO<sub>2</sub>RR partial current density of 640 mA/cm<sup>2</sup><sub>geo</sub> on commercial Cu in the KHCO<sub>3</sub> electrolyte. This performance represents the highest CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity in neutral buffered media.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lan Wang, Jun Yan Dai, Ke Seng Ding, Hong Xin Zeng, Qiang Cheng, Zi Qiang Yang, Ya Xin Zhang, Tie Jun Cui
Terahertz communication technology based on on-off keying (OOK) direct modulation is vital for sixth-generation communication systems, especially in short-distance and high-rate applications. However, low-order OOK modulation often leads to suboptimal anti-interference capabilities and a heightened demodulation threshold. Here, we propose a high-order direct modulation terahertz communication framework using a wideband time-coding metachip modulator. The modulator leverages the electromagnetic resonance properties within the metaunit structure, with control enabled by gallium arsenide Schottky diodes. By manipulating the timing of voltage pulses applied to these diodes, the equivalent electromagnetic resonance distributions can be precisely regulated in the time domain. This enables independent and accurate control over the amplitude and phase of terahertz harmonics. Leveraging this technique, three high-order modulation schemes—quadrature phase-shift keying, 16-phase-shift keying, and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation— are achieved in a direct modulation and direct detection system, demonstrating the real-time image transmission. The proposed method offers an important way to develop integrated and low-complexity terahertz wireless communication systems.
基于开关键控（OOK）直接调制的太赫兹通信技术对第六代通信系统至关重要，尤其是在短距离和高速率应用中。然而，低阶 OOK 调制往往会导致抗干扰能力不理想和解调阈值升高。在此，我们提出了一种使用宽带时间编码元芯片调制器的高阶直接调制太赫兹通信框架。该调制器利用元单元结构内的电磁共振特性，通过砷化镓肖特基二极管实现控制。通过控制施加到这些二极管上的电压脉冲的时间，等效电磁共振分布可以在时域内进行精确调节。这样就能独立、精确地控制太赫兹谐波的振幅和相位。利用这一技术，在一个直接调制和直接检测系统中实现了三种高阶调制方案--正交相移键控、16 相移键控和 16 正交振幅调制，演示了实时图像传输。所提出的方法为开发集成的低复杂度太赫兹无线通信系统提供了重要途径。
{"title":"High-order direct modulation terahertz communications with a wideband time-coding metachip modulator","authors":"Lan Wang, Jun Yan Dai, Ke Seng Ding, Hong Xin Zeng, Qiang Cheng, Zi Qiang Yang, Ya Xin Zhang, Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adq8693","DOIUrl":"10.1126/sciadv.adq8693","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Terahertz communication technology based on on-off keying (OOK) direct modulation is vital for sixth-generation communication systems, especially in short-distance and high-rate applications. However, low-order OOK modulation often leads to suboptimal anti-interference capabilities and a heightened demodulation threshold. Here, we propose a high-order direct modulation terahertz communication framework using a wideband time-coding metachip modulator. The modulator leverages the electromagnetic resonance properties within the metaunit structure, with control enabled by gallium arsenide Schottky diodes. By manipulating the timing of voltage pulses applied to these diodes, the equivalent electromagnetic resonance distributions can be precisely regulated in the time domain. This enables independent and accurate control over the amplitude and phase of terahertz harmonics. Leveraging this technique, three high-order modulation schemes—quadrature phase-shift keying, 16-phase-shift keying, and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation— are achieved in a direct modulation and direct detection system, demonstrating the real-time image transmission. The proposed method offers an important way to develop integrated and low-complexity terahertz wireless communication systems.</div>","PeriodicalId":21609,"journal":{"name":"Science Advances","volume":"10 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/sciadv.adq8693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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