High-entropy alloys have multi-scale and complex microstructures, and their properties are highly tunable. They have great potential for development. However, the current development of high-entropy alloys is still dominated by trial and error, lacking effective guidance and low development efficiency. Machine learning is a data-based material design technology, which has been applied to the prediction of phase composition, prediction and optimization of mechanical properties, and auxiliary simulation calculations in the field of high-entropy alloys. However, the insufficiency of existing data, unbalanced distribution and the limitation of the model itself lead to great uncertainty in the composition optimization strategy based on machine learning. Based on this, this paper takes the machine learning method as the core, combines the composition design and the material design idea based on machine learning, and discusses its design idea in the high-entropy alloy system. And summarize their application research status in high entropy alloy composition screening, phase and structure calculation, and performance prediction. Finally, the current problems in this field are proposed, and solutions and future prospects are provided.
{"title":"Design, Performance Optimization and Application of High-Entropy Alloy Materials in Mechanical Engineering: A Review","authors":"Q. Yi, Xiyuan Lv","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4471","url":null,"abstract":"High-entropy alloys have multi-scale and complex microstructures, and their properties are highly tunable. They have great potential for development. However, the current development of high-entropy alloys is still dominated by trial and error, lacking effective guidance and low development\u0000 efficiency. Machine learning is a data-based material design technology, which has been applied to the prediction of phase composition, prediction and optimization of mechanical properties, and auxiliary simulation calculations in the field of high-entropy alloys. However, the insufficiency\u0000 of existing data, unbalanced distribution and the limitation of the model itself lead to great uncertainty in the composition optimization strategy based on machine learning. Based on this, this paper takes the machine learning method as the core, combines the composition design and the material\u0000 design idea based on machine learning, and discusses its design idea in the high-entropy alloy system. And summarize their application research status in high entropy alloy composition screening, phase and structure calculation, and performance prediction. Finally, the current problems in\u0000 this field are proposed, and solutions and future prospects are provided.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics of the pore structure and the imbibition model of rock in offshore oil and gas reservoirs are examined in this paper. Based on the analysis of rocks from tight oil and gas reservoirs in a particular sea area, it is known that the pore structure exhibits strong heterogeneity, uneven pore distribution, and significant variation in pore throat radii. The rock has a low capacity for seepage and the pore throat’s small radius makes it difficult for fluid to participate in the flow. In order to construct a reverse imbibition model and obtain precise results for imbibition velocity calculation, fractal theory was used to obtain the distribution of rock pore size in accordance with the correlation between saturation and capillary pressure. A dimensionless imbibition velocity imbibition model was used to define the normalized recovery factor, and the imbibition model’s solution results were obtained.
{"title":"Study on Pore Structure and Absorbability Properties of Rock","authors":"Jun Wang, Hongwei Ma, Zhengpeng Liu, Gaohu Wang","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4498","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of the pore structure and the imbibition model of rock in offshore oil and gas reservoirs are examined in this paper. Based on the analysis of rocks from tight oil and gas reservoirs in a particular sea area, it is known that the pore structure exhibits strong heterogeneity,\u0000 uneven pore distribution, and significant variation in pore throat radii. The rock has a low capacity for seepage and the pore throat’s small radius makes it difficult for fluid to participate in the flow. In order to construct a reverse imbibition model and obtain precise results for\u0000 imbibition velocity calculation, fractal theory was used to obtain the distribution of rock pore size in accordance with the correlation between saturation and capillary pressure. A dimensionless imbibition velocity imbibition model was used to define the normalized recovery factor, and the\u0000 imbibition model’s solution results were obtained.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43996648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential function of NEAT1 in the progression of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the molecular mechanisms are explored. NEAT1 levels in multiple types of cell lines and placental tissues collected from healthy, GDM and preeclampsia pregnancies were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After intervening NEAT1 level in HTR-8/SVneo cells, proliferative, migratory and apoptotic potentials were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell assay and flow cytometry. The regulatory effect of NEAT1 on the transcriptional activity of NSD1 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, histone modifications of NEAT1 on NSD1 transcription were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). NEAT1 was upregulated in placental tissues collected from GDM patients. Overexpression of NEAT1 stimulated proliferative and migratory potentials, but inhibited apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 had the opposite outcomes. NEAT1 was able to regulate the transcriptional activity of NSD1 through histone modifications on H3K27Me3 and H3K27Cro. NEAT1 is upregulated in GDM cases, which triggers proliferative and migratory potentials in trophoblast cells mainly through regulating transcriptional activity of NSD1 via histone modification.
{"title":"Long Non-Coding RNA Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1: A Regulator of Trophoblast Cells in the Progression of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Wushan Li, Xiaojuan Wang, Dongdong Hao","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4486","url":null,"abstract":"The potential function of NEAT1 in the progression of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the molecular mechanisms are explored. NEAT1 levels in multiple types of cell lines and placental tissues collected from healthy, GDM and preeclampsia pregnancies were detected by quantitative\u0000 real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After intervening NEAT1 level in HTR-8/SVneo cells, proliferative, migratory and apoptotic potentials were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell assay and flow cytometry. The regulatory effect\u0000 of NEAT1 on the transcriptional activity of NSD1 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, histone modifications of NEAT1 on NSD1 transcription were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). NEAT1 was upregulated in\u0000 placental tissues collected from GDM patients. Overexpression of NEAT1 stimulated proliferative and migratory potentials, but inhibited apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 had the opposite outcomes. NEAT1 was able to regulate the transcriptional activity of NSD1 through histone\u0000 modifications on H3K27Me3 and H3K27Cro. NEAT1 is upregulated in GDM cases, which triggers proliferative and migratory potentials in trophoblast cells mainly through regulating transcriptional activity of NSD1 via histone modification.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ananya Gupta, Shivangi Yadav, V. Srivastava, D. K. Dwivedi, P. Lohia, Ahmad Umar, Mohamed H. Mahmoud
Perovskite material is a propitious candidate for high-efficiency and cost-efficient solar cells. Inorganic and organic perovskite materials show outstanding electrical and optical characteristics. As an absorber layer, it attracts the researchers due to its tunable bandgap, higher carrier mobility, and higher absorption coefficient. In this article, CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cell is proposed with architecture FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/PbS-TBAI/Carbon. The present study shows that carbon as back contact is cost-efficient material and shows stable performance. Thickness variation of absorber layer (CH3NH3PbI3) and variation in temperature has been done for device optimization and its J–V characteristics and quantum efficiency are studied. Optimum thickness of absorber layer for donor density of 1.0×1013 cm−3 and acceptor density of 1.0×1012 cm−3 is estimated to be 1 μm. This n-i-p planar architecture stands out with a fill factor of 36.75% and a power conversion efficiency of 7.59% with Jsc and Voc value of 24.55 mA/cm2 and 0.84 V respectively. Without resistance the device architecture bears Voc 0.8 V, Jsc 25.73 mA/cm2, FF 80.33% and PCE of 16.24%. The simulation has been performed using SCAPS-1D at an optimized temperature of 300 K and at an AM 1.5 G illumination. The present study is useful in selecting material parameters and fabricating efficient and low-cost perovskite solar cells.
{"title":"Simulation of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using PBS-TBAI as a Hole Transport Layer (HTL)","authors":"Ananya Gupta, Shivangi Yadav, V. Srivastava, D. K. Dwivedi, P. Lohia, Ahmad Umar, Mohamed H. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4473","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite material is a propitious candidate for high-efficiency and cost-efficient solar cells. Inorganic and organic perovskite materials show outstanding electrical and optical characteristics. As an absorber layer, it attracts the researchers due to its tunable bandgap, higher\u0000 carrier mobility, and higher absorption coefficient. In this article, CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cell is proposed with architecture FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/PbS-TBAI/Carbon. The present study shows that carbon as back contact\u0000 is cost-efficient material and shows stable performance. Thickness variation of absorber layer (CH3NH3PbI3) and variation in temperature has been done for device optimization and its J–V characteristics and quantum efficiency are studied.\u0000 Optimum thickness of absorber layer for donor density of 1.0×1013 cm−3 and acceptor density of 1.0×1012 cm−3 is estimated to be 1 μm. This n-i-p planar architecture stands out with a fill factor of 36.75% and a power\u0000 conversion efficiency of 7.59% with Jsc and Voc value of 24.55 mA/cm2 and 0.84 V respectively. Without resistance the device architecture bears Voc 0.8 V, Jsc 25.73 mA/cm2, FF 80.33% and PCE of 16.24%. The simulation\u0000 has been performed using SCAPS-1D at an optimized temperature of 300 K and at an AM 1.5 G illumination. The present study is useful in selecting material parameters and fabricating efficient and low-cost perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46983395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the effects of Herbacetin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rats and Caco-2 cells with inflammatory injury induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. TNBS-induced IBD rats were administered with Mesalazine or Herbacetin, while LPS-induced Caco-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of Herbacetin. The body weight of rats was observed, and colon morphological characteristics were studied by H&E staining. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines in serum and T lymphocyte subsets in PB lymphocytes were analyzed. The results showed that Herbacetin treatment increased disease activity index, rats’ body weight, and survival rate in vivo. Moreover, Herbacetin was found to alleviate pathological injury and fibrosis in TNBS-induced rats. Flow cytometry analysis showed decreased percentages of CD3+ and CD8+ and an increased percentage of CD4+ after Herbacetin supplement. Furthermore, TNF-α and IL-1β were down-regulated, while IL-4 and IL-10 were up-regulated in Herbacetin treatment groups. Western blot analysis proved that Herbacetin suppressed the elevated ratio of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα induced by LPS. These findings suggest that Herbacetin can protect against TNBS-induced inflammatory response and immune injury by deactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
{"title":"The Protective Effects of Herbacetin Against 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease via Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway","authors":"Shi-Bo Zhao, C. Xin, Jun Da, Zhongqiong Wang","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4483","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effects of Herbacetin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rats and Caco-2 cells with inflammatory injury induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. TNBS-induced IBD rats were administered with Mesalazine\u0000 or Herbacetin, while LPS-induced Caco-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of Herbacetin. The body weight of rats was observed, and colon morphological characteristics were studied by H&E staining. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines in serum and T lymphocyte subsets\u0000 in PB lymphocytes were analyzed. The results showed that Herbacetin treatment increased disease activity index, rats’ body weight, and survival rate in vivo. Moreover, Herbacetin was found to alleviate pathological injury and fibrosis in TNBS-induced rats. Flow cytometry analysis\u0000 showed decreased percentages of CD3+ and CD8+ and an increased percentage of CD4+ after Herbacetin supplement. Furthermore, TNF-α and IL-1β were down-regulated, while IL-4 and IL-10 were up-regulated in Herbacetin treatment groups. Western blot analysis proved that\u0000 Herbacetin suppressed the elevated ratio of p-p65/p65 and p-IκBα/IκBα induced by LPS. These findings suggest that Herbacetin can protect against TNBS-induced inflammatory response and immune injury by deactivating the NF-κB signaling\u0000 pathway.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45272452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ovarian cancer is still incurable, and new target genes are needed for further study. USP12 plays a crucial role in tumor progression, but its precise mechanism in ovarian cancer is not fully understood. RT-qPCR and western blot confirmed the expression level of USP12. The effect of USP12 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells was examined through overexpression and silencing experiments, and key molecular signaling pathways were validated through western blotting. The relationship between USP12 and KDM1A expression was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. Co-IP and western blot were used to conduct mechanistic studies. Mice xenografts were used to evaluate USP12’s function in vivo. Western blotting showed that USP12 is highly expressed and correlated with poor overall survival. USP12-overexpressing promoted cell processes in HO8910 cells, while USP12-silencing inhibited them in SKVO3 cells. KDM1A was significantly increased and had a positive relation with USP12 expression at the protein level. Co-IP experiments demonstrated that USP12 regulated KDM1A expression in a ubiquitin-dependent way. USP12 promoted ovarian cancer progress by stabilizing KDM1A, as shown by rescue experiments. in vivo studies showed that USP12-overexpressing promoted tumor growth and USP12-silencing inhibited it. Our results demonstrated that USP12 stabilized KDM1A to promote ovarian cancer progress via the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, suggesting a new therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
{"title":"Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 12-Mediated Stabilization of KDM1A Facilitates Ovarian Cancer Progression Through Activation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Pathway","authors":"Wenzhi Wang, Xiaoying Liu, Lei Zheng","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4484","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is still incurable, and new target genes are needed for further study. USP12 plays a crucial role in tumor progression, but its precise mechanism in ovarian cancer is not fully understood. RT-qPCR and western blot confirmed the expression level of USP12. The effect of\u0000 USP12 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells was examined through overexpression and silencing experiments, and key molecular signaling pathways were validated through western blotting. The relationship between USP12 and KDM1A expression was analyzed by Pearson correlation\u0000 coefficient. Co-IP and western blot were used to conduct mechanistic studies. Mice xenografts were used to evaluate USP12’s function in vivo. Western blotting showed that USP12 is highly expressed and correlated with poor overall survival. USP12-overexpressing promoted cell processes\u0000 in HO8910 cells, while USP12-silencing inhibited them in SKVO3 cells. KDM1A was significantly increased and had a positive relation with USP12 expression at the protein level. Co-IP experiments demonstrated that USP12 regulated KDM1A expression in a ubiquitin-dependent way. USP12 promoted\u0000 ovarian cancer progress by stabilizing KDM1A, as shown by rescue experiments. in vivo studies showed that USP12-overexpressing promoted tumor growth and USP12-silencing inhibited it. Our results demonstrated that USP12 stabilized KDM1A to promote ovarian cancer progress via the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K\u0000 signaling pathway, suggesting a new therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyun Hu, Shiyuan Qin, Yuanbing Xiang, Yan He, Hai-feng Hu
Infectious ureteral stones often lead to sepsis. This study investigated the effect of meloxicam on renal injury caused by sepsis. A sepsis kidney injury model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HK-2 cells were divided into three groups: control, LPS, and LPS+Mel. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6, Bcl-2, and Bax mRNA and protein were detected using PCR and Western blot. The inflammation of HK-2 cells was observed using IL-1β immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was investigated using LDH content, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry. The viability of HK-2 cells was detected using a CCK-8 assay. The protein expression of the PI3K/AKT pathway was examined to investigate the mechanism of action of Mel. LPS treatment increased TNF-α, IL-6, and Bax expression while decreasing Bcl-2 expression. However, Mel treatment reversed these effects. Mel also decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the apoptotic rate and LDH content in the LPS+Mel group. Additionally, Mel up-regulated the p-PI3K and p-AKT expression, indicating that Mel inhibits inflammation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells treated with LPS by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, Mel could inhibit inflammation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells treated with LPS via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway.
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Meloxicam in Ameliorating Sepsis-Induced Renal Injury Through the PI3K/AKT Pathway","authors":"Jianyun Hu, Shiyuan Qin, Yuanbing Xiang, Yan He, Hai-feng Hu","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4487","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious ureteral stones often lead to sepsis. This study investigated the effect of meloxicam on renal injury caused by sepsis. A sepsis kidney injury model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). HK-2 cells were divided into three groups: control, LPS, and LPS+Mel. The expression\u0000 of TNF-α, IL-6, Bcl-2, and Bax mRNA and protein were detected using PCR and Western blot. The inflammation of HK-2 cells was observed using IL-1β immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was investigated using LDH content, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry. The viability of\u0000 HK-2 cells was detected using a CCK-8 assay. The protein expression of the PI3K/AKT pathway was examined to investigate the mechanism of action of Mel. LPS treatment increased TNF-α, IL-6, and Bax expression while decreasing Bcl-2 expression. However, Mel treatment reversed these\u0000 effects. Mel also decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the apoptotic rate and LDH content in the LPS+Mel group. Additionally, Mel up-regulated the p-PI3K and p-AKT expression, indicating that Mel inhibits inflammation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells treated with LPS by activating the\u0000 PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, Mel could inhibit inflammation and apoptosis of HK-2 cells treated with LPS via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45408420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Al‐Hadeethi, A. Al-Mujtabi, Alaa Y. Mahmoud, M. Alotaibi
In this study, the core deposition parameters for the MA-P1215 positive photoresist, namely; spin-coating speed, baking temperature and exposure fluence, have been investigated and optimized using a mask aligner, thermogravimetric and a spectroscopic ellipsometry. The optical properties, specifically, the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k for the films have been calculated via changing the fluence of the energy. The reduction in the thickness of the films with the increase in the spin-coater speed reflects the low viscosity of the MA-P photoresist. The relation between the weight reduction of the film via baking temperature and time reveals that the optimized baking temperature is 120 °C for 2 min, in which the weight of the film is reduced by 51%. We found that the values of both n and k depend on the exposure fluence. At small fluence values, both n and k decreased linearly with the increase in the wavelength. However, by increasing the fluence, the values of n and k became like those for silicon wafer, revealing that the developed film was totally removed. The contrast curve shows a decrease in the film thickness when the fluence of the exposure is increased, and the optimized fluence is found to be 35 mJ/cm2.
{"title":"Investigating the Core Parameters to Fabricate V-Shaped Diffraction Grating via MA-P 1215 Positive Photoresist","authors":"Y. Al‐Hadeethi, A. Al-Mujtabi, Alaa Y. Mahmoud, M. Alotaibi","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4452","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the core deposition parameters for the MA-P1215 positive photoresist, namely; spin-coating speed, baking temperature and exposure fluence, have been investigated and optimized using a mask aligner, thermogravimetric and a spectroscopic ellipsometry. The optical properties,\u0000 specifically, the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k for the films have been calculated via changing the fluence of the energy. The reduction in the thickness of the films with the increase in the spin-coater speed reflects the low viscosity of the MA-P photoresist.\u0000 The relation between the weight reduction of the film via baking temperature and time reveals that the optimized baking temperature is 120 °C for 2 min, in which the weight of the film is reduced by 51%. We found that the values of both n and k depend on the exposure fluence.\u0000 At small fluence values, both n and k decreased linearly with the increase in the wavelength. However, by increasing the fluence, the values of n and k became like those for silicon wafer, revealing that the developed film was totally removed. The contrast curve\u0000 shows a decrease in the film thickness when the fluence of the exposure is increased, and the optimized fluence is found to be 35 mJ/cm2.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43172738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Niyonzima, M. Mahnashi, I. Shaikh, B. A. Mannasaheb, M. Ghoneim, S. M. Asdaq, A. Khan, F. Nsanganwimana, V. More, Sincere I. Nuwayo, S. More, A. Vidya
Detergent enzymes are currently vital and important ingredients of modern powder and liquid detergents. They catalyze various biochemical processes intra-or extracellularly in the detergent industries. Microorganisms are the favored source of detergent compatible fungal amylases compared to plant or animal sources. Detergents cannot be produced in the developed countries without a mixture of detergent enzymes supplementation because they are essential components in the detergent industries. In countries under development, various produced detergents do not have enzymes. Amylases, proteases, pectinases, lipases, mannanases, and cellulases are generally the hydrolytic enzymes used in the detergent industries. They remove all soft, tough and stubborn starchy food, protein, pectin, fatty, mannane and cellulose-based stains attached to the various substrates like fabrics or glassware. A number of review articles on detergent-compatible bacterial and fungal enzymes exists, but none specifically covers detergent-compatible fungal amylases. In the present review, production and aspects of detergent fungal amylases are discussed with an emphasis on the stability of fungal amylases in the presence of detergent constituents. The article will help other worldwide research to study the properties of detergent pectinases and mannanases which are not extensively studied.
{"title":"Detergent-Compatible Amylases Produced by Fungal Species and Their Applications in Detergent Industry","authors":"F. Niyonzima, M. Mahnashi, I. Shaikh, B. A. Mannasaheb, M. Ghoneim, S. M. Asdaq, A. Khan, F. Nsanganwimana, V. More, Sincere I. Nuwayo, S. More, A. Vidya","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4476","url":null,"abstract":"Detergent enzymes are currently vital and important ingredients of modern powder and liquid detergents. They catalyze various biochemical processes intra-or extracellularly in the detergent industries. Microorganisms are the favored source of detergent compatible fungal amylases compared\u0000 to plant or animal sources. Detergents cannot be produced in the developed countries without a mixture of detergent enzymes supplementation because they are essential components in the detergent industries. In countries under development, various produced detergents do not have enzymes. Amylases,\u0000 proteases, pectinases, lipases, mannanases, and cellulases are generally the hydrolytic enzymes used in the detergent industries. They remove all soft, tough and stubborn starchy food, protein, pectin, fatty, mannane and cellulose-based stains attached to the various substrates like fabrics\u0000 or glassware. A number of review articles on detergent-compatible bacterial and fungal enzymes exists, but none specifically covers detergent-compatible fungal amylases. In the present review, production and aspects of detergent fungal amylases are discussed with an emphasis on the stability\u0000 of fungal amylases in the presence of detergent constituents. The article will help other worldwide research to study the properties of detergent pectinases and mannanases which are not extensively studied.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sufaid Shah, S. Hussain, A. Shaheen, Guiwu Liu, M. Hashem, Majed M. Alsarani, M. S. Akhtar, You Tianyan, G. Qiao, Hassanein Fouad
Harmful consequences on human health have been caused by the rapidly rising levels of environmentally hazardous gases. It is necessary to detect these polluting gases using a variety of methods. Nanoparticles engraved spherical-shaped indium oxide structures are synthesized via a simple one-step solvothermal method. The synthesized products were successfully characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and XPS analysis. Nanoparticle embedded In2O3 microspheres are prepared for selective, quantitative and low concentration (1–10 ppm) of NO2 gas detection at operating temperature of 75 °C–250 °C. A high sensing response of 29 is observed at 10 ppm with sharp response and recovery times of 44 s and 56 s at 200 °C, respectively. The superior performances towards NO2 gas is attributed to the presence of plenty of junctions between nanoparticles-microspheres surfaces and high surface area for gas molecules interactions. The fabricated sensors are promised and potential applicants in the environmental pollution detection devices on industrial scale.
{"title":"Nanoparticles Embedded In2O3 Microspheres for Selective and Quantitative Detection of NO2 Gas","authors":"Sufaid Shah, S. Hussain, A. Shaheen, Guiwu Liu, M. Hashem, Majed M. Alsarani, M. S. Akhtar, You Tianyan, G. Qiao, Hassanein Fouad","doi":"10.1166/sam.2023.4395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2023.4395","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful consequences on human health have been caused by the rapidly rising levels of environmentally hazardous gases. It is necessary to detect these polluting gases using a variety of methods. Nanoparticles engraved spherical-shaped indium oxide structures are synthesized via a simple\u0000 one-step solvothermal method. The synthesized products were successfully characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and XPS analysis. Nanoparticle embedded In2O3 microspheres are prepared for selective, quantitative and low concentration (1–10 ppm) of NO2\u0000 gas detection at operating temperature of 75 °C–250 °C. A high sensing response of 29 is observed at 10 ppm with sharp response and recovery times of 44 s and 56 s at 200 °C, respectively. The superior performances towards NO2 gas is attributed to the presence\u0000 of plenty of junctions between nanoparticles-microspheres surfaces and high surface area for gas molecules interactions. The fabricated sensors are promised and potential applicants in the environmental pollution detection devices on industrial scale.","PeriodicalId":21671,"journal":{"name":"Science of Advanced Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44661768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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