Scientia Horticulturae最新文献_第9页

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Dose-dependent effects of supplemental ultraviolet-B and blue light on nutritional quality–yield trade-offs in red lettuce 补充紫外线b和蓝光对红生菜营养品质-产量权衡的剂量依赖性影响

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114583

Seonghwan Kang , Yilin Zhu , Deepak K. Jha , Bhimanagouda S. Patil , Shuyang Zhen

End-of-production (EOP) supplemental lighting can effectively enhance crop nutritional and visual quality in controlled environment agriculture (CEA), as beneficial phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds (including anthocyanins) and ascorbic acid can accumulate within hours to days in response to environmental cues. Narrow waveband ultraviolet-B (UVB; 280–320 nm) and blue light (400–500 nm) are especially effective in improving nutritional quality but may reduce yield even when applied over short durations. This study quantified the dose-dependent effects of EOP UVB and blue light on nutritional quality–yield trade-offs in red lettuce ‘Rouxai’ and ‘Red Salad Bowl’. UVB was applied at 0.5, 1.5, or 2.5 µmol m^-2 s^-1 (UVB_0.5, UVB_1.5, or UVB_2.5) and blue light was applied at 30, 60, or 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1 (B₃₀, B₆₀, or B₉₀) for 16 h day^-1 during the final six days of production. Plant biomass and nutritional parameters were measured at 3 and 6 days after treatment (DAT). All six EOP treatments significantly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in both cultivars, with the strongest effect observed under the highest-intensity UVB treatment applied for 6 days. Cultivar ‘Rouxai’ was generally more responsive; under UVB_2.5 at 6 DAT, extraction-based anthocyanin content increased by 468 % in ‘Rouxai’ and 154 % in ‘Red Salad Bowl’ compared to controls. Total phenolic concentration showed similar response trends to anthocyanins. Total ascorbic acid concentrations were less affected by the EOP treatments, with levels generally remaining similar to controls at 3 DAT but increasing at 6 DAT; the largest increase occurred under B₉₀ at 6 DAT (27 % increase in ‘Rouxai’ and 21 % increase in ‘Red Salad Bowl’). However, EOP treatments generally reduced leaf expansion and biomass, with greater reductions at higher supplemental light intensities, longer exposure duration, and under UVB compared to blue light. These results highlight clear dose-dependent quality–yield trade-offs under EOP UVB and blue light treatments. Blue light provided a more favorable balance between maintaining marketable yield and enhancing nutritional quality, whereas UVB more strongly enhanced anthocyanin and phenolic accumulation at the cost of moderate yield reductions.

在受控环境农业（CEA）中，生产终端（EOP）补充照明可以有效提高作物的营养和视觉质量，因为有益的植物化学物质，如酚类化合物（包括花青素）和抗坏血酸可以在响应环境信号的几小时到几天内积累。窄波段紫外- b （UVB; 280-320 nm）和蓝光（400-500 nm）在改善营养品质方面特别有效，但即使短时间施用也可能降低产量。本研究量化了EOP UVB和蓝光对红生菜“Rouxai”和“red Salad Bowl”营养质量-产量权衡的剂量依赖性效应。在生产的最后6天，UVB以0.5、1.5或2.5µmol m-2 s-1 （UVB0.5、UVB1.5或UVB2.5）照射，蓝光以30、60或90µmol m-2 s-1 （B30、B60或B90）照射16 h。在处理后3和6 d （DAT）测定植物生物量和营养参数。所有6种EOP处理均显著提高了两个品种的花青素积累，其中以最高强度UVB处理6 d效果最强。品种‘柔喜’的反应普遍较好；在UVB2.5条件下，与对照相比，在6 DAT时，“Rouxai”和“Red Salad Bowl”中基于提取物的花青素含量分别增加了468%和154%。总酚浓度对花青素有相似的响应趋势。总抗坏血酸浓度受EOP治疗的影响较小，在3个数据时总体保持与对照组相似，但在6个数据时增加；最大的增长发生在B90的6个DAT（“Rouxai”增加了27%，“Red Salad Bowl”增加了21%）。然而，与蓝光相比，EOP处理总体上降低了叶片膨胀和生物量，在较高的补充光强度、较长的暴露时间和中波紫外线下的降低幅度更大。这些结果突出了EOP UVB和蓝光治疗下明显的剂量依赖性质量-产率权衡。蓝光在保持适销产量和提高营养品质之间提供了更有利的平衡，而UVB则以适度减产为代价，更强烈地促进了花青素和酚类物质的积累。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological and transcriptome analysis of exogenous trehalose enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in grape 外源海藻糖增强葡萄非生物抗逆性的生理和转录组分析

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114580

Ling Wang , Jianbo Wang , Ruilong Li , Shiya Li , Hexuan Xing , Guirong Li

The role of trehalose in plant resistance to abiotic stress is well-established. However, the mechanism by which trehalose is involved in abiotic stress tolerance in grapevine is remains poorly understood. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the mechanism of trehalose in response to different abiotic stresses in grapevine cultivar (Thompson Seedless) by spraying with trehalose and combining physiological measurements and RNA-seq. Exogenous trehalose effectively alleviated the frostbitten wilting phenotype of grapevine leaves caused by cold stress and the leaf withering phenotype caused by salt and drought stress. Trehalose increased the soluble sugar content and reduced the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ under three stresses. GO analysis of the transcriptome revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in defense responses. KEGG analysis revealed that the main pathways included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. The DEGs under the three abiotic stresses included VvPALs, VvSTSs and VvPYL4. Unlike those under cold stress, the types of DEGs under salt and drought stress were relatively consistent; moreover, the number of DEGs was greater under drought stress. In addition, trehalose may respond to abiotic stress by regulating soluble sugar-related genes in grapevine. Transcription factor analysis revealed that ERFs were differentially expressed under the three abiotic stresses, especially VvERF105s, which played an important role under salt and drought stress. Therefore, our study suggested that exogenous trehalose regulates the grapevine abiotic stress responses mainly through key genes associated with secondary metabolism, hormone and sugar signaling, and transcriptional cascades.

海藻糖在植物抗非生物胁迫中的作用已得到证实。然而，海藻糖参与葡萄非生物胁迫耐受的机制尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在通过喷施海藻糖，结合生理测量和RNA-seq技术，比较海藻糖对不同非生物胁迫的响应机制。外源海藻糖有效缓解了葡萄叶片因冷胁迫引起的冻伤萎蔫表型和盐胁迫、干旱胁迫引起的叶片萎蔫表型。海藻糖增加了可溶性糖含量，降低了MDA和H2O2含量。转录组的氧化石墨烯分析显示，差异表达基因（DEGs）参与防御反应。KEGG分析显示其主要途径包括苯丙素生物合成、类黄酮生物合成和植物激素信号转导。三种非生物胁迫下的deg分别为VvPALs、VvSTSs和VvPYL4。与冷胁迫不同，盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的deg类型相对一致；此外，干旱胁迫下的deg数量更多。此外，海藻糖可能通过调控葡萄可溶性糖相关基因来应对非生物胁迫。转录因子分析结果显示，ERFs在3种非生物胁迫下均有差异表达，尤其是在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下发挥重要作用的VvERF105s。因此，我们的研究表明，外源海藻糖主要通过与次生代谢、激素和糖信号以及转录级联相关的关键基因调控葡萄的非生物胁迫反应。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial inoculants and organic amendments facilitate cutting establishment of dragon fruit (Selenicereus spp.) through enhanced microbial populations and activities 微生物接种剂和有机添加剂通过增加微生物数量和活性促进火龙果（Selenicereus spp.）的扦插

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114571

Karunakaran Ganesan , Ramachandran Sundram , Selvakumar G , Kanupriya C , Prakash K , Rajendiran Selladurai , Arivalagan Manivannan , Anoop Kumar Srivastava , Kanakanahalli Gangadharappa Shilpa , Ruchitha Thimmarayappa

Dragon fruit (Selenicereus spp.) is an emerging high-value crop known for its nutritional benefits, adaptability to marginal environments, and growing global demand. To enhance its sustainable propagation, an experiment was conducted in 2023–2024 to evaluate the effects of soil microbial inoculants and organic amendments. Five organic amendments (T1-T5) and four microbial inoculants (S2-S5) were tested in a factorial completely randomized design on red and white pulp cultivars of dragon fruit. The results revealed significant cultivar-specific responses in shoot and root growth traits. In red pulp type, the highest number of shoots and fresh shoot biomass were observed in T2S5 (Vermicompost + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain P-72) and T2S3 (Vermicompost + Arka Actino Plus) respectively. In white pulp type, the highest number of shoots and fresh shoot biomass were recorded in T1S5 (Conventional practice + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain P-72) and T5S3 (Pongamia cake + Arka Actino Plus) respectively. The highest number of roots were recorded in T4S4 (Neem cake + AM fungi) and T1S5 (Conventional practice + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain P-72) in red and white pulped type respectively. The treatment T2S4 (Vermicompost + AM fungi) achieved 100 % sprouting in both cultivars. Multivariate analyses (heatmap, PCA, and correlation) confirmed these trends. In the red pulped cultivar treatments T2S5, T2S4, and T2S3 clustered with favourable traits including shoot length, soil microbial populations and enzyme activities. In the white pulped cultivar, neem cake-based treatments (T4S1, T4S2, T4S4) were more effective, particularly for soil microbial and β-glucosidase activities. Correlation analysis highlighted strong positive associations between propagation success and root traits, microbial activity, and enzyme levels in both cultivars, while mortality was negatively correlated with all traits (r = -0.6 to -1.0). The results underscore the genotype-specific requirement of organic-microbial inputs. These findings offer a sustainable and bio-intensive nursery management strategy to enhance rooting, sprouting success, and early vigor in dragon fruit.

火龙果（Selenicereus spp.）是一种新兴的高价值作物，以其营养价值，对边缘环境的适应性和不断增长的全球需求而闻名。为了提高其可持续繁殖能力，在2023-2024年进行了土壤微生物接种剂和有机改良剂的试验。采用全随机试验设计，对红白果肉火龙果品种进行了5种有机改良剂（t1 ~ t5）和4种微生物接种剂（s2 ~ s5）的试验。结果表明，不同品种间在茎和根生长性状上有显著的差异。红浆型中，T2S5（蚯蚓堆肥+解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株P-72）和T2S3（蚯蚓堆肥+ Arka actio Plus）的芽数和鲜梢生物量最高。在白浆型中，T1S5（常规做法+解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株P-72）和T5S3（枫糕+ Arka actio Plus）的芽数和鲜梢生物量最高。红色纸浆型和白色纸浆型分别以T4S4（印楝饼+ AM真菌）和T1S5（常规做法+解淀粉芽孢杆菌P-72）的根数最多。T2S4处理（蚯蚓堆肥+ AM真菌）在两个品种中均实现了100%的发芽。多变量分析（热图、PCA和相关性）证实了这些趋势。在红浆栽培处理中，T2S5、T2S4和T2S3在茎长、土壤微生物数量和酶活性等性状上具有良好的聚类特征。在白色纸浆品种中，印楝饼处理（T4S1, T4S2, T4S4）更有效，特别是对土壤微生物和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。相关分析显示，两个品种的繁殖成功率与根系性状、微生物活性和酶水平呈显著正相关，而死亡率与所有性状呈负相关（r = -0.6 ~ -1.0）。结果强调了有机微生物投入的基因型特异性需求。研究结果为火龙果的生根、发芽和早期活力的提高提供了可持续的集约化苗圃管理策略。

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引用次数: 0

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

Analysis of pathway differences in sap flow response of Prunus salicina under water gradient conditions 水分梯度条件下水杨树液流响应的途径差异分析

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114579

Zhang Junyao , Wang Haichao , Li Zhihua , Alateng Suhe , Zhang Yan , Gu Yiming , Bao Chunming , Pei Zhiyong

This study examined the responses and regulatory pathways of sap flow in Prunus salicina under different soil water gradients. Four irrigation treatments were applied: sufficient irrigation (G1), moderate irrigation (G3), severe water stress (G2), and natural control (G4). Sap flow, meteorological, and soil moisture data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to quantify the direct and indirect effects of environmental factors. Results indicated that the dominant drivers and structural pathways of sap flow varied m markedly with soil moisture. Under natural control, sap flow was mainly governed by atmospheric drought, with vapor pressure deficit (VPD, 0.800) and relative humidity (0.640) as the principal positive factors. Under severe water stress, air temperature (0.439) became the main driver, while under moderate irrigation, wind speed (-0.445) and soil moisture (0.265) jointly influenced sap flow. In the sufficient irrigation regime, soil moisture dominated (0.265) as meteorological influences weakened. All models showed good fit (CFI, GFI > 0.95). The findings highlight a transition in sap flow regulation from meteorological to soil control, demonstrating the utility of SEM in capturing dynamic hydraulic responses and providing a theoretical basis for precision irrigation in cold-region orchards.

研究了不同土壤水分梯度对水杨树液流的响应及其调控途径。采用充分灌溉（G1）、适度灌溉（G3）、重度水分胁迫（G2）和自然控制（G4） 4种灌溉处理。利用结构方程模型（SEM）分析了树液流、气象和土壤湿度数据，以量化环境因素的直接和间接影响。结果表明，土壤水分对树液流动的主导驱动因素和结构途径有显著影响。在自然控制下，树液流主要受大气干旱影响，水汽压差（VPD）为0.800，相对湿度为0.640。重度水分胁迫下，气温（0.439）是主要驱动因素，中度灌溉下，风速（-0.445）和土壤湿度（0.265）共同影响树液流量。在充足灌溉条件下，随着气象影响的减弱，土壤湿度占主导地位（0.265）。所有模型拟合良好（CFI, GFI > 0.95）。研究结果强调了液流调节从气象控制到土壤控制的转变，证明了SEM在捕获动态水力响应方面的效用，并为寒冷地区果园的精确灌溉提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated hormonal signaling and transcriptional networks reveal mechanisms of adventitious organogenesis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) 综合激素信号和转录网络揭示苦瓜不定之器官发生机制

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114589

Yuyu Cheng , Xuzhen Li , Feifan Chen , Ziyan Zhang , Libo Tian , Sang Shang

Adventitious shoot regeneration is crucial for advancing micropropagation and genetic transformation in bitter gourd; however, its underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. To systematically elucidate the genetic and physiological basis of regenerative capacity, this study employed high-regeneration genotype 25–15 and low-regeneration genotype 07–11 as materials, utilizing endogenous hormone profiling, histological examination, and transcriptome sequencing to uncover the key regulatory mechanisms during the regeneration process. The results demonstrated that after optimizing the explant type, medium formulation, and dark treatment conditions for genotype 25–15, the shoot induction rate reached 77.56%. Its high regeneration efficiency stemmed from the formation of compact meristematic clusters in the early stage, rapid integration of the vascular system, and the dynamic change of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)/zeatin (ZT) ratio that first increases and then decreases during the induction and differentiation stages. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in such pathways as zeatin biosynthesis, starch-sucrose metabolism, and hormone signal transduction, while weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 20 hub genes—including growth-regulating factors (GRFs), CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2-like (CUC2), SCARECROW-like protein (SCR) and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT (ANT). Therefore, we propose that hub genes, as core regulatory nodes in adventitious shoot regeneration, form a synergistic network with DEGs in key metabolic pathways. By precisely regulating endogenous hormone dynamic balance and meristem initiation-differentiation, they jointly drive efficient adventitious shoot regeneration of bitter gourd. These findings provide theoretical and technical support for Cucurbitaceae genetic transformation, germplasm innovation, and genotype-independent regeneration system establishment.

不定芽再生是推进苦瓜微繁和遗传转化的关键；然而，其潜在的分子调控机制仍然知之甚少。为了系统地阐明再生能力的遗传和生理基础，本研究以高再生基因型25-15和低再生基因型07-11为材料，利用内源激素谱分析、组织学检查和转录组测序等手段，揭示再生过程中的关键调控机制。结果表明，对基因型25-15的外植体类型、培养基配方和暗处理条件进行优化后，诱导率达到77.56%。其较高的再生效率源于早期形成致密的分生组织簇、血管系统的快速整合以及诱导和分化阶段吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)/玉米素（ZT）比值先升高后降低的动态变化。转录组学分析显示，差异表达基因（DEGs）在玉米蛋白生物合成、淀粉-蔗糖代谢和激素信号转导等途径中显著富集，加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）鉴定出20个枢纽基因，包括生长调节因子（GRFs）、杯形COTYLEDON 2样（CUC2）、稻草人样蛋白（SCR）和ap2样乙烯应答转录因子ANT （ANT）。因此，我们认为枢纽基因作为不定芽再生的核心调控节点，与deg在关键代谢途径中形成协同网络。它们通过精确调节内源激素动态平衡和分生组织起始分化，共同驱动苦瓜不定芽高效再生。这些研究结果为瓜科植物的遗传转化、种质创新和独立基因型再生体系的建立提供了理论和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of water and nitrogen regulation on greenhouse cucumbers in North China plain 水氮调控对华北平原温室黄瓜的影响

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114604

Chunting Wang , Huanhuan Li , Xianbo Zhang , Guang Yang , Xinzheng Li , Xiaoman Qiang

Excessive irrigation and fertilization, as well as imbalance between yield and quality are prevalent issues in facility fruit and vegetable production in North China Plain. To address this issue, we conducted a two-year and three-season experiment from 2024 to 2025 to investigate the impact of different combinations of nitrogen fertilizations and irrigation amounts on total aboveground biomass, aboveground plant nitrogen accumulation, yield and quality, as well as water and nitrogen use efficiency of cucumber in a greenhouse. The optimal irrigation and fertilization for achieving the best-balanced fruit yield, quality and resource use efficiency was identified using the weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The weights in TOPSIS were estimated using the game theory that integrates the weights calculated from the subjective-weighted analytic hierarchy process and the objective-weighted entropy. Our results show that, while increasing irrigation amount enhanced total aboveground biomass (TAB), fruit yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_n), it reduced water use efficiency (WUE), and compromised fruit quality. We also found that optimized nitrogen application not only enhanced TAB, fruit yield, but also improved WUE, and that, total soluble solids and soluble sugar content were critical quality indicators of the cucumber. TOPSIS analysis showed that irrigating 100% of the evaporation measured from an adjustable 20cm-pan mounted 10∼15 cm above the canopy (E_p-20) and fertilizing 360 kg·ha⁻¹ of nitrogen achieved the highest relative closeness (Ci) in all three seasons in the two years. Further analysis indicated that irrigating 75%∼100% of E_p-20 and applying 320∼370 kg·ha⁻¹ of nitrogen can best balance yield, quality, WUE and PFP_n for spring-cultivated cucumber, while for autumn-cultivated cucumber, irrigating 94%∼110% of E_p-20 and applying 300∼370 kg·ha⁻¹ of nitrogen is practically optimal. These practices not only achieved high fruit yields, but also improved fruit quality, offering an improved cultivation method for greenhouse cucumber production in the North China Plain.

过量灌溉施肥、产量与品质不平衡是华北平原设施果蔬生产中普遍存在的问题。为了解决这一问题，我们于2024 - 2025年进行了2年3季试验，研究了不同施氮量和灌水量组合对温室黄瓜地上总生物量、地上植物氮素积累、产量和品质以及水氮利用效率的影响。采用TOPSIS（相似理想溶液法）排序偏好加权技术，确定了实现果实产量、品质和资源利用效率最佳平衡的最佳灌肥方案。TOPSIS中的权重利用博弈论进行估计，该博弈论将主观加权层次分析法和客观加权熵计算的权重相结合。结果表明，增加灌溉量可提高地上总生物量（TAB）、果实产量和氮素部分因子生产率（PFPn），但降低水分利用效率（WUE），损害果实品质。结果表明，优化施氮量不仅提高了黄瓜的TAB值和产量，而且提高了水分利用效率，可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量是黄瓜的关键品质指标。TOPSIS分析表明，两年中三个季节，在冠层上方10 ~ 15 cm处安装一个可调节的20cm-pan （Ep-20）上灌溉100%蒸发量和施肥360 kg·ha - 1氮肥的相对接近度（Ci）最高。进一步分析表明，春栽黄瓜灌溉量75% ~ 100% Ep-20，施氮量320 ~ 370 kg·ha−1，能达到产量、品质、水分利用效率和PFPn的最佳平衡；秋栽黄瓜灌溉量94% ~ 110% Ep-20，施氮量300 ~ 370 kg·ha−1，能达到最佳平衡。这些做法不仅提高了果实产量，而且改善了果实品质，为华北平原温室黄瓜生产提供了一种改良的栽培方法。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen-rich water alleviates drought stress in tomato: Insights from physiological, molecular, and ionic perspectives 富氢水减轻番茄的干旱胁迫：从生理、分子和离子角度的见解

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114574

Yueqi Huang, Yan Lv, Meiqi Fu, Xinyi Tang, Fangfang Wu, Yao Zhang, Liguo Zhang, Mingfang Feng, Aoxue Wang

Drought stress limits tomato yield and quality, challenging sustainable agriculture. Hydrogen (H₂), emerging as a versatile gas signaling molecule, has shown promising potential in enhancing plant stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated hydrogen-rich water (HRW) effects on drought resistance and fruit quality in two tomato cultivars (AC, microTom). HRW elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced malondialdehyde, promoted proline accumulation, thereby maintaining osmotic balance. It up-regulated SlNCED5 and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes, activating ABA signaling to reduce stomatal aperture and water loss. In this study, we used Non-invasive Micro-test (NMT) to analyze the ion flow under drought stress, and established the direct correlation between the ion dynamics and stress signal transduction at the cellular level. HRW increased soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch contents in microTom fruits, optimizing carbon allocation and improving the tertiary structure of fruit protein. Collectively, these findings indicate that HRW enhances tomato drought resistance through a synergistic multi-pathway regulatory network involving "antioxidation–stomatal regulation–gene expression–ion dynamics". This study lays a theoretical foundation for the targeted application of H₂-based technologies in water-saving tomato cultivation.

干旱胁迫限制了番茄的产量和质量，对可持续农业构成挑战。氢（H₂）作为一种多用途的气体信号分子，在提高植物的抗逆性方面显示出很大的潜力。本研究研究了富氢水（HRW）对两个番茄品种（AC、microTom）抗旱性和果实品质的影响。HRW提高抗氧化酶活性，降低丙二醛，促进脯氨酸积累，从而维持渗透平衡。上调SlNCED5和ABA生物合成基因，激活ABA信号，减少气孔开度和水分流失。在本研究中，我们采用非侵入性微测试（NMT）分析干旱胁迫下的离子流动，并在细胞水平上建立离子动力学与胁迫信号转导的直接关系。HRW处理提高了微番茄果实中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量，优化了果实碳分配，改善了果实蛋白质三级结构。总之，这些研究结果表明，HRW通过“抗氧化-气孔调节-基因表达-离子动力学”的多途径协同调控网络增强番茄抗旱性。本研究为h2基技术在番茄节水栽培中的定向应用奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive study of floral organ characteristics and the breeding system in Malus halliana var. parkmanii 海棠花器官特征及育种体系的综合研究

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114555

Qimei Wang , Zhong Lin , Chao Gao , Xianqin Wan , Dongchan Sun , Yanmei Nei

Malus halliana var. parkmanii Rehd is a valuable deciduous tree with ecological and ornamental significance, yet its flowering biology remains poorly understood. This study examined flowering phenology, floral traits, and breeding system of Malus halliana var. parkmanii using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), paraffin sectioning, TTC staining for pollen viability, aniline blue-peroxide staining for stigma receptivity, and artificial pollination experiments. Flowering was concentrated, with pink corollas enhancing visual appeal. Spatial separation of sexual organs promotes cross-pollination. The pollen P/E ratio averaged 2.28, and pollen grains exhibited a wavy exine surface. Flowers typically had 0-5 connate stigmas, a median placenta, and inverted ovules. Pollen viability peaked at 47.94 % during anthesis, while stigma receptivity was already high before flowering and reached maximum 1-2 days afterward. The mean P/O ratio was 2936.9, indicating obligate outcrossing. An outcrossing index of 4 suggests a predominantly cross-pollinated system with potential partial self-compatibility, though pollinators are likely required. Artificial pollination confirmed normal pollen germination and successful pollen tube growth through the style. These results provide essential insights into the reproductive characteristics of M. halliana var. parkmanii, supporting improved breeding programs and informed application in landscape design.

海棠（Malus halliana var. parkmanii Rehd）是一种珍贵的落叶乔木，具有重要的生态和观赏价值，但其开花生物学尚不清楚。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、石蜡切片、TTC染色测定花粉活力、苯胺蓝染色测定柱头感受性和人工授粉试验等方法，研究了海棠（Malus halliana var. parkmanii）的开花物候、花性状和育种体系。开花集中，粉红色的花冠增强了视觉吸引力。性器官的空间分离促进了异花授粉。花粉P/E平均值为2.28，花粉粒呈波浪形外表面。花通常有0-5合生柱头，中间胎座和倒立的胚珠。花期花粉活力最高，为47.94%，花期前柱头接受度较高，花期后1 ~ 2 d达到最大值。平均市盈率为2936.9，为专性异交。异交指数为4表明一个主要的异花授粉系统具有潜在的部分自交亲和，尽管可能需要传粉者。人工授粉证实花柱花粉萌发正常，花粉管发育成功。这些研究结果为深入了解白桦的繁殖特征提供了重要依据，为改进育种计划和在景观设计中的应用提供了依据。

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