Scientia Horticulturae最新文献_第9页

Haploid plant production and flowcytometric evaluation of Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss 百合单倍体植株生产及流式细胞术评价

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113950

Mohsen Bagherian-Shamasbi, Esmaeil Chamani, Younes Pourbeyrami Hir, Hamid Reza Heydari

Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss. is a distinct ornamental species, with its breeding program being of significant importance. Due to its wild nature, cultivation of this rare plant has been explored in limited studies. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of growth regulator combinations on callogenesis, embryogenesis, and regeneration of L. ledebourii through anther culture, alongside evaluating the ploidy level of the regenerated plants. The experiment followed a factorial design, employing a wholly randomized setup with five replications. Callogenesis was initiated using MS, B5, and NLN culture media supplemented with 3 % sucrose and 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L). Embryogenesis was induced using Picloram (Pic) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) and Kinetin (Kn) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) in NLN medium. Regeneration was facilitated on a solid, hormone-free NLN. Calli obtained from the treatments were transferred to an embryogenesis medium and subjected to darkness treatment to foster embryo development. Results revealed that NLN. yielded the highest rate of callus induction (28.57 %), followed by B5 (24.06 %), with MS medium yielding the lowest (13.41 %). The NLN yielded the largest callus size, followed by B5, while the MS medium yielded the smallest. The optimal hormonal combination for callogenesis comprised 1 mg/L of 2,4-D and 1 mg/L of TDZ, achieving a callus induction percentage of 79.68 % and a callus size of 44.4 mm. The highest embryogenesis percentage (76.65 %) was attained with 2 mg/L of Pic and 1 mg/L of Kn. Ploidy level evaluation of the regenerated bulblets revealed three haploid bulblets, the remainder being diploid, consistent with the control, determined through chromosome count, and confirmed by flow cytometry. In summary, the anther culture protocol proposed in this study holds promise for producing homozygous L. ledebourii plants.

布伊斯百合。是一种独特的观赏植物，其育种计划具有重要意义。由于其野生性，对这种稀有植物的栽培研究有限。本研究旨在评估生长调节剂组合对L. ledebourii愈伤组织发生、胚胎发生和花药培养再生植株的影响，同时评估再生植株的倍性水平。实验采用因子设计，采用完全随机设置，有5个重复。在MS、B5和NLN培养基中添加3%蔗糖和2,4- d（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L）和噻脲（TDZ）（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L），开始形成Callogenesis。用Picloram（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L）和Kinetin（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L）在NLN培养基中诱导胚胎发生。在无激素的固体NLN上促进再生。将处理后的愈伤组织转移到胚发生培养基上，进行黑暗处理以促进胚胎发育。结果显示NLN。愈伤组织诱导率最高（28.57%），B5次之（24.06%），MS最低（13.41%）。NLN产生的愈伤组织最大，其次是B5， MS培养基产生的愈伤组织最小。2,4-D和TDZ的最佳激素组合为1 mg/L，愈伤组织诱导率为79.68%，愈伤组织大小为44.4 mm。2 mg/L的Pic和1 mg/L的Kn的胚胎发生率最高，为76.65%。再生小球的倍性水平评估显示三个单倍体小球，其余为二倍体，与对照一致，通过染色体计数确定，并通过流式细胞术证实。综上所述，本研究提出的花药培养方案有望产生纯合子l.l ledebourii植株。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient Protoplast Isolation and PEG-mediated Transformation protocols for blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum 蓝莓原生质体的高效分离及peg介导的转化方法

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113916

Xinyan Zhao, Huifang Song, Jiali Liu, Kaiyue Feng, Qingnan Wu, Tahreem Arif, Yibo Cao, Lingyun Zhang

The blueberry is an important commercial fruit tree with high nutritional value in its fruit. Due to the complexity of its ploidy, genetic improvement in blueberry faces challenges such as difficult genetic transformation and low efficiency. Protoplasts can be used as efficient recipients for transient transformation and serve as important tools for gene function and editing. However, no one has reported a protoplast transformation system in blueberries. In this study, we established an efficient system for the isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts. The 30-day culture of callus from leaf discs was selected as the optimum callus for the isolation of protoplasts with the highest yield and viability. The callus was then incubated in an enzymolysis solution containing 1.2 % (w/v) Cellulase R-10, 0.8 % (w/v) Macerozyme R-10, and 0.5 M d-mannitol under dark for 5 h, and the protoplast yield obtained was 2.95×10⁶ g⁻¹ (FW) with 90.4 % viability. Furthermore, by optimizing various transformation conditions, a transformation efficiency of 40.4 % was achieved when 35–40 μg plasmids were mixed with 100 μL protoplasts and incubated with 45 % (w/v) PEG in the dark for 35 min. Additionally, the results of VcHKT1;1 subcellular localization further verified the reliability of this system. Overall, our study reports a highly efficient system for isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts and provides crucial technical support for the exploration of blueberry physiology and molecular mechanism, as well as promising prospects for blueberry breeding.

蓝莓果实营养价值高，是一种重要的商品果树。由于其倍性的复杂性，蓝莓遗传改良面临着遗传转化困难、效率低等挑战。原生质体可以作为瞬时转化的有效受体，是基因功能和编辑的重要工具。然而，蓝莓原生质体转化系统尚未见报道。本研究建立了一套高效的蓝莓原生质体分离和瞬时转化体系。选择叶片愈伤组织培养30 d作为分离原生质体的最佳愈伤组织，产量和活力均最高。愈伤组织在含1.2% （w/v）纤维素酶R-10、0.8% （w/v）宏观酶R-10和0.5 M d-甘露醇的酶解液中黑暗培养5 h，获得原生质体产量2.95×106g−1 (FW)，存活率90.4%。通过优化各种转化条件，35 - 40 μg质粒与100 μL原生质体混合，45% (w/v) PEG孵育35 min，转化效率可达40.4%。VcHKT1；1亚细胞定位结果进一步验证了该体系的可靠性。总之，本研究为蓝莓原生质体的分离和瞬时转化提供了一个高效的体系，为蓝莓生理学和分子机制的探索提供了重要的技术支持，也为蓝莓育种提供了广阔的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an in vitro bulbil-induction system for Lilium lancifolium and the impact of exogenous auxin on bulbil formation 百合离体鳞茎诱导体系的建立及外源生长素对鳞茎形成的影响

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113885

Yuchao Tang , Kang Luo , Jingyi Bai , Wenliang Zhang , Jun Ming

Lilium lancifolium is one of the most widely cultivated lily species in China, valued for its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Bulbils, which are specialized vegetative organs formed in the leaf axils of L. lancifolium, play a crucial role in its reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in L. lancifolium have not been elucidated. In this study, we established an efficient and stable in vitro induction system for bulbil formation using the bulbs of L. lancifolium sprouted at 4 °C as materials. Additionally, we systematically investigated the effects of exogenous auxins and auxin inhibitors on bulbil development through a combination of morphological and histological observations, as well as analyses of hormone levels and gene expression. The results indicated that low concentrations of exogenous IAA not only increased the number of bulbils formed per leaf axil but also reduced the time required for bulbil initiation. Conversely, auxin inhibitors suppressed this process, with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Phytohormone analysis reviewed that auxin (IAA), cytokinin (ZRs) and gibberellin (GA3) may be involved in bulbil formation. Early auxin signaling is required for the initiation of axillary meristem formation during bulbil development, while the formation of bulbil primordia necessitates lower concentrations of auxin accumulation. Cytokinin appears to promote bulbil formation, and a lower IAA/ZR ratio may be advantageous for axillary meristem (AM) development. Gene expression data suggest that auxin- and cytokinin-related genes are implicated in bulbil initiation. The present study provided a viable system for investigating the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in lilies. And the results laid solid foundation of the regulation of bulbil formation in plants.

Lilium lancifolium是中国种植最广泛的百合品种之一，具有观赏、食用和药用价值。鳞茎是长在水仙叶腋上的特殊营养器官，在水仙的繁殖中起着至关重要的作用。然而，水仙球茎形成的机制尚未阐明。在本研究中，我们以4℃萌发的水仙球茎为材料，建立了高效稳定的水仙球茎离体诱导体系。此外，我们通过形态学和组织学观察，以及激素水平和基因表达分析，系统地研究了外源生长素和生长素抑制剂对鳞茎发育的影响。结果表明，低浓度的外源IAA不仅增加了每叶腋形成的球茎数量，而且缩短了球茎形成所需的时间。相反，生长素抑制剂抑制这一过程，其中2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸（TIBA）表现出最明显的抑制作用。植物激素分析表明，生长素（IAA）、细胞分裂素（ZRs）和赤霉素（GA3）可能参与了球茎的形成。在球茎发育过程中，腋窝分生组织的形成需要早期的生长素信号传导，而球茎原基的形成需要较低浓度的生长素积累。细胞分裂素似乎促进了球的形成，较低的IAA/ZR比可能有利于腋窝分生组织（ams）的发育。基因表达数据表明生长素和细胞分裂素相关基因与球芽形成有关。本研究为探讨百合球茎形成机制提供了一个可行的系统。研究结果为植物球茎形成的调控奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological metabolites and transcriptional regulation contribute to the feminization of mixed dormant buds at the tips of flowering mother branches in the persimmon cultivar ‘Taishuu’ 生理代谢产物和转录调控对‘太树’柿开花母枝顶端混合休眠期芽雌性化的影响

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113945

Tengyue Zhang , Ran Wang , Lu Bai , Jiangtao Yang , Yinfeng Hu , Lu Zhang , Jiaying Yuan , Yanhao Zheng , Yiru Wang , Yanan Qin , Jianmin Fu , Huawei Li , Peng Sun

Most persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars are hexaploid, and the presence or absence of a Y chromosome strongly determines the plant's sexual type. Gynoecious plants, bearing only female flowers, lack a Y chromosome, whereas androecious (male-flowering) and monoecious (bearing both male and female flowers) plants possess a Y chromosome, creating a male-biased genetic profile. The Japanese pollination-constant, non-astringent persimmon cultivar ‘Taishuu’ is monoecious. In this cultivar, mixed dormant buds (MDBs) at the tips of robust flowering mother branches (FMBs) consistently develop into female shoots, whereas those at the basal portions of robust FMBs produce male shoots. The mechanism underlying the feminization of apical MDBs remains unclear. In this study, robust FMBs of ‘Taishuu’ were divided into four sections from apex to base, and a comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was conducted on MDBs from each section in mid-June. Additionally, levels of 109 phytohormones were measured across MDBs from the different sections. The results revealed that metabolites upregulated in MDBs at the tips of robust FMBs were significantly enriched in five metabolic pathways: arginine biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, tropane/piperidine/pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and phenylalanine metabolism. These pathways are associated with feminizing effects. Furthermore, cytokinins (CKs) and salicylic acids (SAs) generally promoted female development, whereas most jasmonic acids (JAs) appeared to inhibit female traits. Transcriptome analysis identified bHLH48 as a potential key regulator of feminization in MDBs at the tips of robust FMBs. This gene likely promotes feminization by increasing SAs, CKs, and flavonoid levels while concurrently reducing JAs. Overall, these findings provide new physiological and molecular insights into monoecious persimmon formation, which may support the artificial regulation of flower sexuality in ‘Taishuu’ and other monoecious persimmon cultivars.

大多数柿子（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）品种是六倍体，Y染色体的存在与否强烈地决定了植物的性类型。雌同株植物，只有雌花，缺乏Y染色体，而雄花（雄花）和雌雄同株（雄花和雌花）的植物拥有Y染色体，形成雄性偏倚的基因图谱。日本的授粉常数，不涩的柿子栽培‘太树’是雌雄同株的。在该品种中，健壮的开花母枝（fmb）顶端的混合休眠芽（MDBs）始终发育为雌性芽，而健壮的fmb基部的混合休眠芽（MDBs）则发育为雄性芽。根尖MDBs女性化的机制尚不清楚。本研究将‘泰树’健壮的fmb从顶端到基部分为4个区段，并于6月中旬对每个区段的mmb进行了比较代谢组学和转录组学分析。此外，109种植物激素的水平在不同部位的MDBs中进行了测量。结果显示，在健壮的fmb末端，MDBs中上调的代谢物在5个代谢途径中显著富集：精氨酸生物合成、β -丙氨酸代谢、tropane/胡椒碱/吡啶生物碱合成、ABC转运蛋白和苯丙氨酸代谢。这些途径与女性化效应有关。此外，细胞分裂素（ck）和水杨酸（SAs）普遍促进雌性发育，而大多数茉莉酸（JAs）似乎抑制雌性性状。转录组分析发现bHLH48是健壮的fmb末端mbs女性化的潜在关键调节因子。该基因可能通过增加sa、ck和类黄酮水平，同时减少JAs来促进女性化。总之，这些发现为雌雄同株柿子的形成提供了新的生理和分子见解，可能为“太树”和其他雌雄同株柿子品种的花性人工调控提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of phlorizin stress resistance and mineral nutrient utilization efficiency in apple seedlings with different dwarfing interstocks 不同矮化砧间苹果幼苗间霉素抗逆性及矿质养分利用效率评价

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113947

Wei Sun, Yang Cao, Peihua Du, Zhijun Li, Zhihui Xu, Shasha Zhou, Zhongyong Li, Xueying Zhang, Bowen Liang

Excessive accumulation of phlorizin in soil is one of the main causes of apple replanting disease (ARD). This study evaluated the effects of phlorizin stress on apple seedlings grafted with three dwarfing interstocks [Jizhen 1 (J1), Jizhen 2 (J2), and SH40]. Phlorizin stress increased relative electrolyte leakage, caused reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulation, and significantly reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rates, and nutrient absorption, accumulation, and transport, inhibiting apple tree growth regardless of the interstock. Antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly affected in each rootstock/interstock/scion combination under phlorizin stress; however, apple seedlings maintained higher antioxidant enzyme activity levels when J1 was used as the interstock. Principal component and membership function analyses showed that compared to the other interstocks, J1 conferred stronger resistance and mineral nutrient utilization efficiency for apple trees to cope with phlorizin stress. These results highlight the phlorizin resistance and nutrient utilization efficiency of different interstocks under phlorizin stress and provide new insights into the breeding of ARD-resistant rootstock.

根瘤素在土壤中的过量积累是导致苹果再植病的主要原因之一。本研究评价了根霉素胁迫对嫁接3个矮化中间砧[稷镇1号（J1）、稷镇2号（J2）和SH40]的苹果幼苗的影响。根霉素胁迫增加了相对电解质泄漏，引起活性氧和丙二醛积累，显著降低了叶绿素含量、光合速率和养分吸收、积累和运输，抑制了果树的生长。根际间/接穗组合抗氧化酶活性在根际/接穗组合中受到显著影响；而J1作为中间砧木时，苹果幼苗的抗氧化酶活性保持较高水平。主成分分析和隶属函数分析表明，与其他中间砧木相比，J1具有更强的抗霉素胁迫能力和矿质养分利用效率。这些结果揭示了不同砧木间在根际霉素胁迫下对根际霉素的抗性和养分利用效率，为抗病砧木的选育提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling unveil the mechanisms in ‘Kongxin’ plum (Prunus salicina L.) peel reddening during storage 整合转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了“孔心”李（Prunus salicina L.）贮藏期间果皮变红的机制

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113872

Xin Lin , Shian Huang , Qin Zhang , Xiaoqing Dong

The fundamental mechanisms causing the peel reddening of ‘Kongxin’ plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit maintained at room temperature at 25 °C were discovered through an integrated analysis of the transcriptomics and metabolomics. There were apparent differences in fruit quality among the three periods. We also performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of plum fruit peel at different reddening stages and identified 495 secondary metabolites in ‘Kongxin’ plums during reddening. The primary coloring agents in plum peel were anthocyanins, and a significant buildup of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was what gives plum peel its reddening. Moreover, structural genes linked to anthocyanin production of PAL1, C4H, CHS1, and DFR2, which may be the primary players increased during the process of plum peel reddening. In the plum peel, PsMYB75, PsbHLH62 and PsWRKY71 strongly and favorably associated with anthocyanin accumulation and served as a positive regulator of the accumulation of anthocyanin. These findings offer fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the red change of anthocyanin production in ‘Kongxin’ plum peel.

通过转录组学和代谢组学的综合分析，发现了室温25℃下孔心李果皮变红的基本机制。果实品质在三个时期有明显差异。我们还对不同发红阶段的李果皮进行了转录组学和代谢组学分析，鉴定出‘孔心’李果皮在发红期间的495种次生代谢物。李子皮中的主要着色剂是花青素，而花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷的大量积累是李子皮变红的原因。此外，与花青素产生相关的PAL1、C4H、CHS1和DFR2的结构基因在李子果皮变红过程中可能是主要的参与者。在李子果皮中，PsMYB75、psmylh62和PsWRKY71与花青素积累密切相关，是花青素积累的正向调节因子。这些发现为“孔心”李子果皮花青素产生红色变化的分子机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Blue light receptor cryptochrome determines primordia formation, fruiting body development and pileus opening in macro mushroom Flammulina filiformis 蓝光感受器隐色素决定金针菇原基形成、子实体发育和菌毛开口

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113913

Shiyun Wei , Hui Jia , Honglei Zhao , Huiming Ju , Hui Li , Chang Xu , Bo Liu , Yanhong Hong , Yina Fang , Ziyan Li , Mengyao Niu , Sen Yao , Yongxin Tao

Blue light, as a crucial environmental factor, can regulate the morphological development of macro fungi. The receptor WCC (white collar complex) has been found to play a role in controlling fruiting body elongation, but another important receptor, cryptochrome, was easily overlooked its important role. In this study, we investigated the overall impacts of cryptochrome gene (FfCry) knockdown on the morphological development of fruiting bodies and its downstream regulation of metabolic activities in Flammulina filiformis. Two knockdown strains FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 were constructed to explore the morphological changes after FfCry knockdown. The results showed that the number of primordia of FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 was reduced by 33.6 % and 38.0 %. Obviously, FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 showed much shorter and finer stipes (With stipe lengths reduced by 51.8 % and 55.1 %, and stipe diameters by 43.4 % and 34.6 %), compared with wild type (WT). Especially, two FfCry-kd transformants showed much smaller pileus than WT (diameter was decreased by 52.6 % and 55.9 %), meaning that FfCry knockdown inhibited the pileus opening. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis identified that 216 genes were up-regulated and 164 genes were down-regulated after FfCry knockdown. The FfCry gene knockdown primarily activated the glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase, peptide receptor, and β-alanine metabolic pathways; while mainly inhibiting starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as various N-polymer biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism, etc. These metabolic pathways played important roles in the formation of cell walls and the fluidity of cell membranes. The results clearly demonstrate the significant changes in the fruiting body morphology of F. filiformis in the case of partial loss of FfCry function. This finding holds guiding significance for the scientific utilization of blue light to regulate the commercial characteristics of mushrooms.

蓝光作为一种重要的环境因子，能够调控大型真菌的形态发育。受体WCC （white collar complex）在控制子实体伸长中起作用，但另一个重要受体隐花色素（cryptochrome）的重要作用却容易被忽视。在本研究中，我们研究了隐色素基因（FfCry）敲低对金针菇子实体形态发育的总体影响及其对代谢活性的下游调控。构建2个敲低菌株FfCry-kd8和FfCry-kd13，探讨FfCry敲低后的形态学变化。结果表明，ffcrry -kd8和ffcrry -kd13原基数量分别减少了33.6%和38.0%。与野生型（WT）相比，FfCry-kd8和FfCry-kd13的茎柱明显更短、更细（茎柱长度分别减少了51.8%和55.1%，茎柱直径分别减少了43.4%和34.6%）。特别是，两个FfCry-kd突变体的菌毛比WT小得多（直径分别减少了52.6%和55.9%），这意味着FfCry基因敲低抑制了菌毛的开放。RNA测序（RNA- seq）分析发现，FfCry基因敲除后，216个基因上调，164个基因下调。FfCry基因敲低主要激活葡聚糖1,3-β-葡萄糖苷酶、肽受体和β-丙氨酸代谢途径；同时主要抑制淀粉和蔗糖代谢，以及各种n -聚合物的生物合成和鞘脂代谢等。这些代谢途径在细胞壁的形成和细胞膜的流动性中起着重要作用。结果清楚地表明，在FfCry功能部分丧失的情况下，丝状连翘子实体形态发生了显著变化。这一发现对科学利用蓝光调控蘑菇的商业特性具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of root expansion by cytokinin via RsRR11 of cherry radish 细胞分裂素通过RsRR11调控樱桃萝卜根系扩张

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113889

Zhanfeng Yang , Xiaoqian Wang , Jialun Ding , Yao Yao , Bingxing Chen , Zhenyuan Li , Haireguli Aihemaiti , Yixuan Wu , Xingguang Deng , Xiaodong Chen , Rongfang Guo

Radish is one of the important cultivated crops in the world, and fleshy root expansion is a critical stage in the growth and development of radish, but its regulatory mechanism is not clear. In the present study, the cortex and stele of cherry radish roots were sectioned and observed, and 12 d, 16 d, and 20 d were identified as the critical periods for stele expansion. The determination of endogenous cytokinin content revealed that stele expansion was positively correlated with changes in endogenous cytokinin content. Analysis of the expression pattern of genes related to cytokinin signaling pathway showed that RsRR11s were specifically expressed in the stele and changed with the root expansion. Upon exogenous 6-BA treatment, the expansion rate of the stele of cherry radish increased while the expression of RsRR11–1/11–2 was suppressed. Further analysis of rsrr11–1 and rsrr11–2 mutant plants revealed that mutation of RsRR11 promoted the expansion of fleshy root, indicating that RsRR11 negatively regulates fleshy root expansion in cherry radish. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the stele is the main enlarged part of radish and RsRR11 in cytokinin pathway negelatively regulated the enlargement of radish stele, which lay foundation for the regualtion of fleshy root.

萝卜是世界上重要的栽培作物之一，肉质根扩张是萝卜生长发育的关键阶段，但其调控机制尚不清楚。本研究通过对樱桃萝卜根皮层和根茎的切片观察，确定了12 d、16 d和20 d为根茎扩张的关键时期。内源性细胞分裂素含量测定结果显示，内源性细胞分裂素含量变化与石碑扩张呈正相关。细胞分裂素信号通路相关基因的表达模式分析表明，RsRR11s在茎柱中特异性表达，并随着根的扩展而改变。外源6-BA处理后，樱桃萝卜茎柱的膨胀率增加，RsRR11-1/11-2的表达受到抑制。进一步分析RsRR11 - 1和RsRR11 - 2突变植株发现，RsRR11的突变促进了樱桃萝卜肉质根的扩展，说明RsRR11负向调控樱桃萝卜肉质根的扩展。综上所述，我们证明了萝卜的茎柱是萝卜的主要扩大部位，细胞分裂素通路中的RsRR11负向调节萝卜茎柱的扩大，这为肉质根的调节奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing nutritional quality in vegetables through breeding and cultivar choice in protected cultivation 通过设施栽培育种和品种选择提高蔬菜营养品质

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113914

Julia Weiss , Nazim S. Gruda

The selection and development of adaptable cultivars for specific conditions is the first step in implementing cultivation practices to ensure stable, high-quality vegetables with superior nutritional value. Traditional breeding methods are based on strategies such as selective breeding, mass selection, pure-line selection, backcross, and hybrid breeding, the latter taking advantage of heterosis effects. Advanced techniques such as phenomics, molecular markers, genome-wide association studies, and next-generation sequencing facilitate identifying and selecting desirable traits, enhancing nutritional quality. Biotechnological approaches, including gene transfer methods and CRISPR/Cas9, can improve vegetable quality by introducing specific genes. This review covers classical, advanced, and modern breeding strategies for improving nutritional quality in fruit and leaf vegetables under protected cultivation, focusing on genetic modifications to enhance pigments, vitamins, and minerals and reduce anti-nutritional characteristics. Techniques such as transgenic approaches and CRISPR/Cas9 are utilized to develop zeaxanthin-rich tomatoes and enhance β-carotene content in eggplants. Additionally, the review highlights specific nutritional traits in individual vegetables, such as bitterness in cucumbers, browning in eggplants, and mineral content in lettuce. Improving nutritional quality requires adaptive breeding across diverse conditions to produce stable varieties.

选择和开发适应特定条件的品种是实施栽培措施的第一步，以确保稳定，高品质的蔬菜具有优越的营养价值。传统的育种方法是基于选择育种、质量选择、纯系选择、回交和杂交育种等策略，杂交育种利用杂种优势效应。先进的技术如表型组学、分子标记、全基因组关联研究和下一代测序有助于识别和选择理想的性状，提高营养质量。包括基因转移方法和CRISPR/Cas9在内的生物技术手段可以通过引入特定基因来提高蔬菜品质。本文综述了在设施栽培条件下提高水果和叶菜营养品质的经典、先进和现代育种策略，重点介绍了提高色素、维生素和矿物质含量以及减少抗营养特性的基因改造。利用转基因途径和CRISPR/Cas9等技术培育富含玉米黄质的番茄，提高茄子中β-胡萝卜素的含量。此外，该综述还强调了个别蔬菜的特定营养特性，如黄瓜的苦味、茄子的褐变以及生菜的矿物质含量。提高营养质量需要在不同条件下进行适应性育种，以生产稳定的品种。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal fluctuation of fruit quality is differentially affected by mediating mineral nutrients and targeted major metabolites in greenhouse grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars 温室栽培甜椒品种果实品质的季节波动受矿物质营养物质和主要代谢物的影响存在差异

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113898

Si-Eun Byeon , Hyowon Park , Theint Thandar Latt , Sangyo Jeong , Jinhee Lee , Hnin Phyu Lwin , Jinwook Lee

As bell peppers are produced year-round via greenhouse-based technology, the fruit quality of bell peppers fluctuates greatly depending on the bell pepper cultivar during winter. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the seasonal fluctuation effects on fruit quality attributes, mineral nutrients, and targeted major metabolites in the ‘Scirocco’, ‘DSP7054’, and ‘Volante’ bell pepper cultivars grown in greenhouse cultivation system from September to June. Overall, fruit physiological and biochemical performance clearly diverged depending not only on bell pepper cultivar, but also on harvest time. The results of the partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) loading plot indicated that amino acids were closely associated with fatty acids, however less associated with most mineral nutrients, chlorophylls, and physiological fruit quality attributes. According to the results of the variable importance in projection (VIP) score plot, 12 variables were highly important during winter season, regardless of bell pepper cultivars. While pericarp colour variables differentially responded to the pericarp colour of bell pepper cultivars, fruit quality attributes, soluble carbohydrates, citric acid, malic acid, glutamine, K, Mg, and total antioxidant scavenging activities were highly variable depending on bell pepper cultivar and sampling time during the winter season. The results of the correlation coefficient networks indicated that the overall fruit performance based on the results of physiological fruit quality attributes, mineral nutrients, and targeted major metabolites was highly different depending on the bell pepper cultivar. Thus, the overall pattern of correlation coefficient network was much more distinctive in ‘Volante’ cultivar than in ‘Scirocco’ and ‘DSP7054’ cultivars during the winter season. Therefore, the results indicate that fruit quality and performance derived from mineral nutrients and targeted major metabolites fluctuated depending on the bell pepper cultivar during the winter season.

由于甜椒采用温室技术全年生产，因此在冬季，甜椒的果实质量随品种的不同而波动很大。因此，本研究旨在评价季节波动对9 - 6月温室栽培系统栽培的‘Scirocco’、‘DSP7054’和‘Volante’甜椒果实品质属性、矿质营养素和目标主要代谢物的影响。总体而言，甜椒果实的生理生化性能不仅因品种而异，而且因收获时间而异。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）结果表明，氨基酸与脂肪酸密切相关，而与大多数矿质营养素、叶绿素和果实生理品质属性的相关性较低。根据投影（VIP）评分图的变量重要度结果，有12个变量在冬季非常重要，与甜椒品种无关。果皮颜色变量对不同品种甜椒果皮颜色的响应存在差异，但果实品质属性、可溶性碳水化合物、柠檬酸、苹果酸、谷氨酰胺、钾、镁和总抗氧化清除活性在冬季因甜椒品种和采样时间的不同而有很大差异。相关系数网络的结果表明，基于果实生理品质属性、矿质营养成分和目标主要代谢物的结果，不同品种的甜椒的整体果实性能差异很大。因此，在冬季，‘Volante’品种的相关系数网络总体格局明显高于‘Scirocco’和‘DSP7054’品种。由此可见，矿质营养素和主要代谢物的果实品质和性能在冬季因甜椒品种而异。

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引用次数: 0