Scientia Horticulturae最新文献_第8页

Simulation and analysis of pumpkin leaf growth-photosynthesis-yield relationship under water‐fertilizer coupling by SEM 利用扫描电子显微镜模拟和分析水肥耦合条件下南瓜叶片的生长-光合-产量关系

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113923

Pengliang Tian , Jinxia Zhang , Lin Ding , Tao Zhong , Meng Yin , Runheng Yang , Liangliang Du , Yingru Xie

Pumpkin is an important cash crop in the northwestern arid region of China. Its yield is closely related to leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics, which are nutritionally regulated by water-fertilizer coupling. Through a two year field experiment, the relationship between leaf growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield under water-fertilizer coupling was analyzed. The results showed that leaf area index (LAI), soil and plant analyzer development value (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and yield all increased with increasing irrigation quota, and showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing organic fertilizer application amount. Under F2W3 treatment (irrigation quota of 525 m³·ha⁻¹ and total fertilization application of 5700kg·ha⁻¹), LAI, SPAD, Pn, Tr, Gs and yield were all the highest. Water-fertilizer coupling had highly significant effects on yield, SPAD and Gs(P < 0.01), significant effects on LAI at maturity stage and Tr at flowering stage (P < 0.05). Based on structural equation modeling (SEM), it was shown that a reasonable water-fertilizer coupling could regulate LAI and SPAD of pumpkin leaves, and then improve their photosynthetic characteristics, and ultimately increase pumpkin yield. Gs (as the key index of photosynthetic characteristics) and SPAD (as that of leaf growth) were extracted separately for a comprehensive evaluation of Yield-SPAD-Gs. It was found that the range of optimal irrigation quota regulated by water-fertilizer coupling was 510.57 ∼ 526.9 m³·ha⁻¹, and that of optimal organic fertilizer application was 5698.24 ∼ 6465.54 kg·ha⁻¹. Therefore, F2W3 treatment was recommended as the optimal treatment for pumpkin cultivation in the region.

南瓜是中国西北干旱区重要的经济作物。其产量与叶片生长和光合特性密切相关，受水肥耦合的营养调节。通过两年的田间试验，分析了水肥耦合条件下叶片生长、光合特性与产量的关系。结果表明：叶片面积指数（LAI）、土壤与植物分析发育值（SPAD）、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和产量均随灌溉定额的增加而增加，随有机肥施用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势；F2W3处理（灌溉定额为525 m3·ha−1，总施肥量为5700kg·ha−1）LAI、SPAD、Pn、Tr、Gs和产量最高。水肥耦合对产量、SPAD和Gs（P <）有极显著影响；0.01)，成熟期LAI和开花期Tr影响显著(P <；0.05)。基于结构方程模型（SEM）分析表明，合理的水肥耦合可以调节南瓜叶片LAI和SPAD，进而改善其光合特性，最终提高南瓜产量。分别提取光合特性关键指标Gs和叶片生长指标SPAD，对Yield-SPAD-Gs进行综合评价。结果表明，水肥耦合调节的最佳灌溉定额范围为510.57 ~ 526.9 m3·ha−1，有机肥调节的最佳灌溉定额范围为5698.24 ~ 6465.54 kg·ha−1。因此，推荐F2W3处理为该地区南瓜栽培的最佳处理。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing ornamental qualities of southern highbush blueberry container plants with paclobutrazol in subtropical climates 多效唑在亚热带气候条件下提高南方高丛蓝莓容器植物的观赏品质

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113928

Chih-Hsuan Chen , Syuan-You Lin , Chin-Mu Chen

Interest in ornamental blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) for container gardening is increasing, particularly among home gardeners seeking plants with both aesthetic appeal and edible qualities. However, the adaptability of current ornamental blueberry cultivars in subtropical regions is limited due to their moderate to high chilling requirements. This study aimed to enhance the ornamental qualities of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids) cultivars ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’, which were not initially bred for ornamental use, through foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ). We investigated the effects of PBZ on controlling plant height, canopy spread, and fruit cluster characteristics on whips and laterals. Two field experiments were conducted in central Taiwan during the 2021–2023 season. In mid-September 2021, the first experiment involved treating ‘Warm Land’ plants with PBZ at 0, 4.6, 46, and 230 mg·L^–1. Although PBZ at 4.6 mg·L^–1 did not affect the plant height, canopy spread, and plant-to-pot height, PBZ at 46 and 230 mg·L^–1 significantly reduced these parameters by 17.1 %–33.6 %, 17.5 %–29.0 %, and 16.3 %–32.7 %, respectively, compared to the untreated control. The highest PBZ concentration also reduced the length of the main inflorescence axis and fruit number per fruit cluster on whips by 49.7 % and 31.5 %, respectively. In contrast, while the length of the main inflorescence axis on laterals was reduced, fruit number was not significantly affected. The second experiment in 2022 included both ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’ and confirmed that PBZ effectively reduced plant height and altered fruit cluster characteristics without significantly affecting the canopy spread. Compared to the untreated control, higher PBZ concentrations (46 and 230 mg·L^–1) significantly reduced the length of the main inflorescence axis on whips and laterals by 38.2 %–48.5 % and 20.0 %–40.0 %, respectively. Notably, at 230 mg·L^–1 PBZ, compressed and deformed fruits were observed on whips. Although there was no significant reduction in the fruit number per cluster on whips, the fruit number per fruit cluster on laterals was significantly reduced by 26.2 % and 30.8 % at 46 and 230 mg·L^–1 PBZ, respectively. Our results indicate that a single foliar application of 46 mg·L^–1 PBZ effectively improves the ornamental qualities of ‘Warm Land’ and ‘Biloxi’ without negatively impacting the appearance of the fruits. This approach offers a cost-effective strategy to enhance ornamental traits of existing southern highbush blueberry cultivars and expands the use of ornamental blueberries in subtropical climates, thus diversifying the options available to home gardeners.

对容器园艺的观赏蓝莓（蓝莓属）的兴趣正在增加，特别是在寻求兼具美学吸引力和可食用品质的家庭园丁中。然而，目前的观赏蓝莓品种在亚热带地区的适应性受到限制，因为它们对低温的要求较高。本研究旨在通过叶面施用多效唑（PBZ）提高南方高丛蓝莓（vacinium corymbosum L.）品种“Warm Land”和“Biloxi”的观赏品质。研究了PBZ对植物株高、冠层铺展和果簇特性的控制作用。在2021-2023季节，在台湾中部进行了两次田间试验。在2021年9月中旬，第一个实验涉及用0、4.6、46和230 mg·L-1的PBZ处理“温暖土地”植物。虽然4.6 mg·L-1 PBZ对株高、冠层铺展和株盆高没有影响，但与未处理对照相比，46和230 mg·L-1 PBZ显著降低了这些参数，分别为17.1% ~ 33.6%、17.5% ~ 29.0%和16.3% ~ 32.7%。最高浓度的PBZ还使鞭子上的主花序轴长度和每果簇果数分别减少49.7%和31.5%。相反，虽然减少了主花序轴的长度，但对果实数量没有显著影响。在2022年进行的第二次试验中，“温暖土地”和“比洛西”都进行了试验，结果证实，PBZ有效地降低了植株高度，改变了果簇特征，但对冠层展布没有显著影响。与未处理的对照相比，高浓度PBZ（46和230 mg·L-1）显著减少了鞭状花序和侧边花序的主轴长度，分别减少了38.2% ~ 48.5%和20.0% ~ 40.0%。在230 mg·L-1 PBZ处理下，鞭子上出现了压缩和变形的果实。在46 mg·L-1 PBZ和230 mg·L-1 PBZ处理下，单株单穗果数和单株单穗果数分别显著降低了26.2%和30.8%。结果表明，单叶面施用46 mg·L-1 PBZ可有效改善“暖地”和“比洛西”的观赏品质，而不会对果实外观产生负面影响。这种方法为提高现有南方高丛蓝莓品种的观赏特性提供了一种经济有效的策略，并扩大了亚热带气候下观赏蓝莓的使用，从而使家庭园丁的选择多样化。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling growth and metabolic dynamics in drought-stressed spinach plants: Exploring the contribution of biological gibberellin 揭示干旱胁迫下菠菜植物的生长和代谢动力学：探索生物赤霉素的贡献

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113924

Hend A. Hamed , Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud , Amany H.A. Abeed

Sustainable agriculture is a major theme of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Strategic Framework 2022–2031. Using microbial-based regulators is a sustainable organic approach to accomplish food safety. Normally, drought is a menace to most crops' agricultural production, but for leafy green vegetables the matter is more frustrating due to grade standards. Despite breakthroughs in boosting crop tolerance to drought stress, the quest for leafy greens remains restricted. The current report is to study the ability of biologically-produced gibberellin by Fusarium oxysporum in alleviating water stress in leafy vegetable spinach, Spinacia oleracea. Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated high gibberellin production by 200±5.9 mg L⁻¹. Water stress (100, 75, 50, 25 % field capacity, FC) generated mild to severe abnormal growth and physiological dynamics. Foliar-applied biological gibberellin (BG) motivated plant yield and quality by boosting various phenotypic and physiological features in terms of plant height, biomass, and number of leaves accompanied by thicker epicuticular wax, balanced water status, higher photosynthetic pigment, increased osmoprotectants. BG shoulders a role in upgrading plant liveness via exacerbating antioxidants (anthocyanin, ascorbic acids, total antioxidants, and flavonoids) joined with activation of secondary metabolizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PAL, fulfilling consumer demand standards for spinach as well as lowering the content of phenolics and its oxidizing enzyme polyphenol oxidas (PPO, browning causer). Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were instigated thus maintaining electrolyte leakage, cellular O₂^·−, ^·OH, H₂O₂, malondialdehyde, and lipid peroxidation at baseline levels. BG appears to reduce nitrative toxicity via enhancing nitrate reductase (NR) activity. BG foliar spray increased spinach's resilience to dehydration and its capacity to produce an adequate upgraded yield while cultivated with reduced water regimes or even exposed to drought.

可持续农业是粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）《2022-2031年战略框架》的一个重要主题。使用基于微生物的调节剂是实现食品安全的可持续有机方法。通常情况下，干旱对大多数农作物的农业生产都是一个威胁，但对于绿叶蔬菜来说，由于等级标准的限制，这一问题更令人沮丧。尽管在提高作物对干旱的耐受性方面取得了突破，但对绿叶蔬菜的追求仍然受到限制。本报告旨在研究尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）生物产生的赤霉素（gibberellin）缓解叶菜菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）水分胁迫的能力。内生真菌尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）的赤霉素产量高达200±5.9 mg L−1。水分胁迫（100,75,50,25%田间容量，FC）产生轻度至重度生长异常和生理动态。叶面施用生物赤霉素（BG）通过提高植株高度、生物量和叶片数量等各种表型和生理特征，并伴随着更厚的表皮蜡、平衡的水分状态、更高的光合色素和增加的渗透保护剂，来促进植物的产量和质量。BG通过增强抗氧化剂（花青素、抗坏血酸、总抗氧化剂和类黄酮），激活次级代谢酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶PAL，满足消费者对菠菜的需求标准，降低酚类物质及其氧化酶多酚氧化酶（PPO，褐变原因）的含量，从而提高植物的活性。过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）被激活，从而使电解质泄漏、细胞O2·−、·OH、H2O2、丙二醛和脂质过氧化维持在基线水平。BG似乎通过提高硝酸还原酶（NR）活性来降低硝酸盐毒性。BG叶面喷雾剂增加了菠菜对脱水的恢复能力，并在缺水情况下甚至暴露于干旱条件下生产足够的升级产量的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Haploid plant production and flowcytometric evaluation of Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss 百合单倍体植株生产及流式细胞术评价

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2025.113950

Mohsen Bagherian-Shamasbi, Esmaeil Chamani, Younes Pourbeyrami Hir, Hamid Reza Heydari

Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss. is a distinct ornamental species, with its breeding program being of significant importance. Due to its wild nature, cultivation of this rare plant has been explored in limited studies. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of growth regulator combinations on callogenesis, embryogenesis, and regeneration of L. ledebourii through anther culture, alongside evaluating the ploidy level of the regenerated plants. The experiment followed a factorial design, employing a wholly randomized setup with five replications. Callogenesis was initiated using MS, B5, and NLN culture media supplemented with 3 % sucrose and 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L). Embryogenesis was induced using Picloram (Pic) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) and Kinetin (Kn) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L) in NLN medium. Regeneration was facilitated on a solid, hormone-free NLN. Calli obtained from the treatments were transferred to an embryogenesis medium and subjected to darkness treatment to foster embryo development. Results revealed that NLN. yielded the highest rate of callus induction (28.57 %), followed by B5 (24.06 %), with MS medium yielding the lowest (13.41 %). The NLN yielded the largest callus size, followed by B5, while the MS medium yielded the smallest. The optimal hormonal combination for callogenesis comprised 1 mg/L of 2,4-D and 1 mg/L of TDZ, achieving a callus induction percentage of 79.68 % and a callus size of 44.4 mm. The highest embryogenesis percentage (76.65 %) was attained with 2 mg/L of Pic and 1 mg/L of Kn. Ploidy level evaluation of the regenerated bulblets revealed three haploid bulblets, the remainder being diploid, consistent with the control, determined through chromosome count, and confirmed by flow cytometry. In summary, the anther culture protocol proposed in this study holds promise for producing homozygous L. ledebourii plants.

布伊斯百合。是一种独特的观赏植物，其育种计划具有重要意义。由于其野生性，对这种稀有植物的栽培研究有限。本研究旨在评估生长调节剂组合对L. ledebourii愈伤组织发生、胚胎发生和花药培养再生植株的影响，同时评估再生植株的倍性水平。实验采用因子设计，采用完全随机设置，有5个重复。在MS、B5和NLN培养基中添加3%蔗糖和2,4- d（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L）和噻脲（TDZ）（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L），开始形成Callogenesis。用Picloram（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L）和Kinetin（0、0.5、1、2和4mg /L）在NLN培养基中诱导胚胎发生。在无激素的固体NLN上促进再生。将处理后的愈伤组织转移到胚发生培养基上，进行黑暗处理以促进胚胎发育。结果显示NLN。愈伤组织诱导率最高（28.57%），B5次之（24.06%），MS最低（13.41%）。NLN产生的愈伤组织最大，其次是B5， MS培养基产生的愈伤组织最小。2,4-D和TDZ的最佳激素组合为1 mg/L，愈伤组织诱导率为79.68%，愈伤组织大小为44.4 mm。2 mg/L的Pic和1 mg/L的Kn的胚胎发生率最高，为76.65%。再生小球的倍性水平评估显示三个单倍体小球，其余为二倍体，与对照一致，通过染色体计数确定，并通过流式细胞术证实。综上所述，本研究提出的花药培养方案有望产生纯合子l.l ledebourii植株。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient Protoplast Isolation and PEG-mediated Transformation protocols for blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum 蓝莓原生质体的高效分离及peg介导的转化方法

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113916

Xinyan Zhao, Huifang Song, Jiali Liu, Kaiyue Feng, Qingnan Wu, Tahreem Arif, Yibo Cao, Lingyun Zhang

The blueberry is an important commercial fruit tree with high nutritional value in its fruit. Due to the complexity of its ploidy, genetic improvement in blueberry faces challenges such as difficult genetic transformation and low efficiency. Protoplasts can be used as efficient recipients for transient transformation and serve as important tools for gene function and editing. However, no one has reported a protoplast transformation system in blueberries. In this study, we established an efficient system for the isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts. The 30-day culture of callus from leaf discs was selected as the optimum callus for the isolation of protoplasts with the highest yield and viability. The callus was then incubated in an enzymolysis solution containing 1.2 % (w/v) Cellulase R-10, 0.8 % (w/v) Macerozyme R-10, and 0.5 M d-mannitol under dark for 5 h, and the protoplast yield obtained was 2.95×10⁶ g⁻¹ (FW) with 90.4 % viability. Furthermore, by optimizing various transformation conditions, a transformation efficiency of 40.4 % was achieved when 35–40 μg plasmids were mixed with 100 μL protoplasts and incubated with 45 % (w/v) PEG in the dark for 35 min. Additionally, the results of VcHKT1;1 subcellular localization further verified the reliability of this system. Overall, our study reports a highly efficient system for isolation and transient transformation of blueberry protoplasts and provides crucial technical support for the exploration of blueberry physiology and molecular mechanism, as well as promising prospects for blueberry breeding.

蓝莓果实营养价值高，是一种重要的商品果树。由于其倍性的复杂性，蓝莓遗传改良面临着遗传转化困难、效率低等挑战。原生质体可以作为瞬时转化的有效受体，是基因功能和编辑的重要工具。然而，蓝莓原生质体转化系统尚未见报道。本研究建立了一套高效的蓝莓原生质体分离和瞬时转化体系。选择叶片愈伤组织培养30 d作为分离原生质体的最佳愈伤组织，产量和活力均最高。愈伤组织在含1.2% （w/v）纤维素酶R-10、0.8% （w/v）宏观酶R-10和0.5 M d-甘露醇的酶解液中黑暗培养5 h，获得原生质体产量2.95×106g−1 (FW)，存活率90.4%。通过优化各种转化条件，35 - 40 μg质粒与100 μL原生质体混合，45% (w/v) PEG孵育35 min，转化效率可达40.4%。VcHKT1；1亚细胞定位结果进一步验证了该体系的可靠性。总之，本研究为蓝莓原生质体的分离和瞬时转化提供了一个高效的体系，为蓝莓生理学和分子机制的探索提供了重要的技术支持，也为蓝莓育种提供了广阔的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an in vitro bulbil-induction system for Lilium lancifolium and the impact of exogenous auxin on bulbil formation 百合离体鳞茎诱导体系的建立及外源生长素对鳞茎形成的影响

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113885

Yuchao Tang , Kang Luo , Jingyi Bai , Wenliang Zhang , Jun Ming

Lilium lancifolium is one of the most widely cultivated lily species in China, valued for its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties. Bulbils, which are specialized vegetative organs formed in the leaf axils of L. lancifolium, play a crucial role in its reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in L. lancifolium have not been elucidated. In this study, we established an efficient and stable in vitro induction system for bulbil formation using the bulbs of L. lancifolium sprouted at 4 °C as materials. Additionally, we systematically investigated the effects of exogenous auxins and auxin inhibitors on bulbil development through a combination of morphological and histological observations, as well as analyses of hormone levels and gene expression. The results indicated that low concentrations of exogenous IAA not only increased the number of bulbils formed per leaf axil but also reduced the time required for bulbil initiation. Conversely, auxin inhibitors suppressed this process, with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) exhibiting the most pronounced inhibitory effect. Phytohormone analysis reviewed that auxin (IAA), cytokinin (ZRs) and gibberellin (GA3) may be involved in bulbil formation. Early auxin signaling is required for the initiation of axillary meristem formation during bulbil development, while the formation of bulbil primordia necessitates lower concentrations of auxin accumulation. Cytokinin appears to promote bulbil formation, and a lower IAA/ZR ratio may be advantageous for axillary meristem (AM) development. Gene expression data suggest that auxin- and cytokinin-related genes are implicated in bulbil initiation. The present study provided a viable system for investigating the mechanisms underlying bulbil formation in lilies. And the results laid solid foundation of the regulation of bulbil formation in plants.

Lilium lancifolium是中国种植最广泛的百合品种之一，具有观赏、食用和药用价值。鳞茎是长在水仙叶腋上的特殊营养器官，在水仙的繁殖中起着至关重要的作用。然而，水仙球茎形成的机制尚未阐明。在本研究中，我们以4℃萌发的水仙球茎为材料，建立了高效稳定的水仙球茎离体诱导体系。此外，我们通过形态学和组织学观察，以及激素水平和基因表达分析，系统地研究了外源生长素和生长素抑制剂对鳞茎发育的影响。结果表明，低浓度的外源IAA不仅增加了每叶腋形成的球茎数量，而且缩短了球茎形成所需的时间。相反，生长素抑制剂抑制这一过程，其中2,3,5-三碘苯甲酸（TIBA）表现出最明显的抑制作用。植物激素分析表明，生长素（IAA）、细胞分裂素（ZRs）和赤霉素（GA3）可能参与了球茎的形成。在球茎发育过程中，腋窝分生组织的形成需要早期的生长素信号传导，而球茎原基的形成需要较低浓度的生长素积累。细胞分裂素似乎促进了球的形成，较低的IAA/ZR比可能有利于腋窝分生组织（ams）的发育。基因表达数据表明生长素和细胞分裂素相关基因与球芽形成有关。本研究为探讨百合球茎形成机制提供了一个可行的系统。研究结果为植物球茎形成的调控奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological metabolites and transcriptional regulation contribute to the feminization of mixed dormant buds at the tips of flowering mother branches in the persimmon cultivar ‘Taishuu’ 生理代谢产物和转录调控对‘太树’柿开花母枝顶端混合休眠期芽雌性化的影响

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113945

Tengyue Zhang , Ran Wang , Lu Bai , Jiangtao Yang , Yinfeng Hu , Lu Zhang , Jiaying Yuan , Yanhao Zheng , Yiru Wang , Yanan Qin , Jianmin Fu , Huawei Li , Peng Sun

Most persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars are hexaploid, and the presence or absence of a Y chromosome strongly determines the plant's sexual type. Gynoecious plants, bearing only female flowers, lack a Y chromosome, whereas androecious (male-flowering) and monoecious (bearing both male and female flowers) plants possess a Y chromosome, creating a male-biased genetic profile. The Japanese pollination-constant, non-astringent persimmon cultivar ‘Taishuu’ is monoecious. In this cultivar, mixed dormant buds (MDBs) at the tips of robust flowering mother branches (FMBs) consistently develop into female shoots, whereas those at the basal portions of robust FMBs produce male shoots. The mechanism underlying the feminization of apical MDBs remains unclear. In this study, robust FMBs of ‘Taishuu’ were divided into four sections from apex to base, and a comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was conducted on MDBs from each section in mid-June. Additionally, levels of 109 phytohormones were measured across MDBs from the different sections. The results revealed that metabolites upregulated in MDBs at the tips of robust FMBs were significantly enriched in five metabolic pathways: arginine biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, tropane/piperidine/pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and phenylalanine metabolism. These pathways are associated with feminizing effects. Furthermore, cytokinins (CKs) and salicylic acids (SAs) generally promoted female development, whereas most jasmonic acids (JAs) appeared to inhibit female traits. Transcriptome analysis identified bHLH48 as a potential key regulator of feminization in MDBs at the tips of robust FMBs. This gene likely promotes feminization by increasing SAs, CKs, and flavonoid levels while concurrently reducing JAs. Overall, these findings provide new physiological and molecular insights into monoecious persimmon formation, which may support the artificial regulation of flower sexuality in ‘Taishuu’ and other monoecious persimmon cultivars.

大多数柿子（Diospyros kaki Thunb.）品种是六倍体，Y染色体的存在与否强烈地决定了植物的性类型。雌同株植物，只有雌花，缺乏Y染色体，而雄花（雄花）和雌雄同株（雄花和雌花）的植物拥有Y染色体，形成雄性偏倚的基因图谱。日本的授粉常数，不涩的柿子栽培‘太树’是雌雄同株的。在该品种中，健壮的开花母枝（fmb）顶端的混合休眠芽（MDBs）始终发育为雌性芽，而健壮的fmb基部的混合休眠芽（MDBs）则发育为雄性芽。根尖MDBs女性化的机制尚不清楚。本研究将‘泰树’健壮的fmb从顶端到基部分为4个区段，并于6月中旬对每个区段的mmb进行了比较代谢组学和转录组学分析。此外，109种植物激素的水平在不同部位的MDBs中进行了测量。结果显示，在健壮的fmb末端，MDBs中上调的代谢物在5个代谢途径中显著富集：精氨酸生物合成、β -丙氨酸代谢、tropane/胡椒碱/吡啶生物碱合成、ABC转运蛋白和苯丙氨酸代谢。这些途径与女性化效应有关。此外，细胞分裂素（ck）和水杨酸（SAs）普遍促进雌性发育，而大多数茉莉酸（JAs）似乎抑制雌性性状。转录组分析发现bHLH48是健壮的fmb末端mbs女性化的潜在关键调节因子。该基因可能通过增加sa、ck和类黄酮水平，同时减少JAs来促进女性化。总之，这些发现为雌雄同株柿子的形成提供了新的生理和分子见解，可能为“太树”和其他雌雄同株柿子品种的花性人工调控提供支持。

{"title":"Physiological metabolites and transcriptional regulation contribute to the feminization of mixed dormant buds at the tips of flowering mother branches in the persimmon cultivar ‘Taishuu’","authors":"Tengyue Zhang , Ran Wang , Lu Bai , Jiangtao Yang , Yinfeng Hu , Lu Zhang , Jiaying Yuan , Yanhao Zheng , Yiru Wang , Yanan Qin , Jianmin Fu , Huawei Li , Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most persimmon (<em>Diospyros kaki</em> Thunb.) cultivars are hexaploid, and the presence or absence of a Y chromosome strongly determines the plant's sexual type. Gynoecious plants, bearing only female flowers, lack a Y chromosome, whereas androecious (male-flowering) and monoecious (bearing both male and female flowers) plants possess a Y chromosome, creating a male-biased genetic profile. The Japanese pollination-constant, non-astringent persimmon cultivar ‘Taishuu’ is monoecious. In this cultivar, mixed dormant buds (MDBs) at the tips of robust flowering mother branches (FMBs) consistently develop into female shoots, whereas those at the basal portions of robust FMBs produce male shoots. The mechanism underlying the feminization of apical MDBs remains unclear. In this study, robust FMBs of ‘Taishuu’ were divided into four sections from apex to base, and a comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was conducted on MDBs from each section in mid-June. Additionally, levels of 109 phytohormones were measured across MDBs from the different sections. The results revealed that metabolites upregulated in MDBs at the tips of robust FMBs were significantly enriched in five metabolic pathways: arginine biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, tropane/piperidine/pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and phenylalanine metabolism. These pathways are associated with feminizing effects. Furthermore, cytokinins (CKs) and salicylic acids (SAs) generally promoted female development, whereas most jasmonic acids (JAs) appeared to inhibit female traits. Transcriptome analysis identified <em>bHLH48</em> as a potential key regulator of feminization in MDBs at the tips of robust FMBs. This gene likely promotes feminization by increasing SAs, CKs, and flavonoid levels while concurrently reducing JAs. Overall, these findings provide new physiological and molecular insights into monoecious persimmon formation, which may support the artificial regulation of flower sexuality in ‘Taishuu’ and other monoecious persimmon cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 113945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of phlorizin stress resistance and mineral nutrient utilization efficiency in apple seedlings with different dwarfing interstocks 不同矮化砧间苹果幼苗间霉素抗逆性及矿质养分利用效率评价

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113947

Wei Sun, Yang Cao, Peihua Du, Zhijun Li, Zhihui Xu, Shasha Zhou, Zhongyong Li, Xueying Zhang, Bowen Liang

Excessive accumulation of phlorizin in soil is one of the main causes of apple replanting disease (ARD). This study evaluated the effects of phlorizin stress on apple seedlings grafted with three dwarfing interstocks [Jizhen 1 (J1), Jizhen 2 (J2), and SH40]. Phlorizin stress increased relative electrolyte leakage, caused reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulation, and significantly reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rates, and nutrient absorption, accumulation, and transport, inhibiting apple tree growth regardless of the interstock. Antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly affected in each rootstock/interstock/scion combination under phlorizin stress; however, apple seedlings maintained higher antioxidant enzyme activity levels when J1 was used as the interstock. Principal component and membership function analyses showed that compared to the other interstocks, J1 conferred stronger resistance and mineral nutrient utilization efficiency for apple trees to cope with phlorizin stress. These results highlight the phlorizin resistance and nutrient utilization efficiency of different interstocks under phlorizin stress and provide new insights into the breeding of ARD-resistant rootstock.

根瘤素在土壤中的过量积累是导致苹果再植病的主要原因之一。本研究评价了根霉素胁迫对嫁接3个矮化中间砧[稷镇1号（J1）、稷镇2号（J2）和SH40]的苹果幼苗的影响。根霉素胁迫增加了相对电解质泄漏，引起活性氧和丙二醛积累，显著降低了叶绿素含量、光合速率和养分吸收、积累和运输，抑制了果树的生长。根际间/接穗组合抗氧化酶活性在根际/接穗组合中受到显著影响；而J1作为中间砧木时，苹果幼苗的抗氧化酶活性保持较高水平。主成分分析和隶属函数分析表明，与其他中间砧木相比，J1具有更强的抗霉素胁迫能力和矿质养分利用效率。这些结果揭示了不同砧木间在根际霉素胁迫下对根际霉素的抗性和养分利用效率，为抗病砧木的选育提供了新的思路。

{"title":"Evaluation of phlorizin stress resistance and mineral nutrient utilization efficiency in apple seedlings with different dwarfing interstocks","authors":"Wei Sun, Yang Cao, Peihua Du, Zhijun Li, Zhihui Xu, Shasha Zhou, Zhongyong Li, Xueying Zhang, Bowen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive accumulation of phlorizin in soil is one of the main causes of apple replanting disease (ARD). This study evaluated the effects of phlorizin stress on apple seedlings grafted with three dwarfing interstocks [Jizhen 1 (J1), Jizhen 2 (J2), and SH40]. Phlorizin stress increased relative electrolyte leakage, caused reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulation, and significantly reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rates, and nutrient absorption, accumulation, and transport, inhibiting apple tree growth regardless of the interstock. Antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly affected in each rootstock/interstock/scion combination under phlorizin stress; however, apple seedlings maintained higher antioxidant enzyme activity levels when J1 was used as the interstock. Principal component and membership function analyses showed that compared to the other interstocks, J1 conferred stronger resistance and mineral nutrient utilization efficiency for apple trees to cope with phlorizin stress. These results highlight the phlorizin resistance and nutrient utilization efficiency of different interstocks under phlorizin stress and provide new insights into the breeding of ARD-resistant rootstock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Horticulturae","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 113947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling unveil the mechanisms in ‘Kongxin’ plum (Prunus salicina L.) peel reddening during storage 整合转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了“孔心”李（Prunus salicina L.）贮藏期间果皮变红的机制

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113872

Xin Lin , Shian Huang , Qin Zhang , Xiaoqing Dong

The fundamental mechanisms causing the peel reddening of ‘Kongxin’ plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit maintained at room temperature at 25 °C were discovered through an integrated analysis of the transcriptomics and metabolomics. There were apparent differences in fruit quality among the three periods. We also performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of plum fruit peel at different reddening stages and identified 495 secondary metabolites in ‘Kongxin’ plums during reddening. The primary coloring agents in plum peel were anthocyanins, and a significant buildup of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was what gives plum peel its reddening. Moreover, structural genes linked to anthocyanin production of PAL1, C4H, CHS1, and DFR2, which may be the primary players increased during the process of plum peel reddening. In the plum peel, PsMYB75, PsbHLH62 and PsWRKY71 strongly and favorably associated with anthocyanin accumulation and served as a positive regulator of the accumulation of anthocyanin. These findings offer fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the red change of anthocyanin production in ‘Kongxin’ plum peel.

通过转录组学和代谢组学的综合分析，发现了室温25℃下孔心李果皮变红的基本机制。果实品质在三个时期有明显差异。我们还对不同发红阶段的李果皮进行了转录组学和代谢组学分析，鉴定出‘孔心’李果皮在发红期间的495种次生代谢物。李子皮中的主要着色剂是花青素，而花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷的大量积累是李子皮变红的原因。此外，与花青素产生相关的PAL1、C4H、CHS1和DFR2的结构基因在李子果皮变红过程中可能是主要的参与者。在李子果皮中，PsMYB75、psmylh62和PsWRKY71与花青素积累密切相关，是花青素积累的正向调节因子。这些发现为“孔心”李子果皮花青素产生红色变化的分子机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Blue light receptor cryptochrome determines primordia formation, fruiting body development and pileus opening in macro mushroom Flammulina filiformis 蓝光感受器隐色素决定金针菇原基形成、子实体发育和菌毛开口

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113913

Shiyun Wei , Hui Jia , Honglei Zhao , Huiming Ju , Hui Li , Chang Xu , Bo Liu , Yanhong Hong , Yina Fang , Ziyan Li , Mengyao Niu , Sen Yao , Yongxin Tao

Blue light, as a crucial environmental factor, can regulate the morphological development of macro fungi. The receptor WCC (white collar complex) has been found to play a role in controlling fruiting body elongation, but another important receptor, cryptochrome, was easily overlooked its important role. In this study, we investigated the overall impacts of cryptochrome gene (FfCry) knockdown on the morphological development of fruiting bodies and its downstream regulation of metabolic activities in Flammulina filiformis. Two knockdown strains FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 were constructed to explore the morphological changes after FfCry knockdown. The results showed that the number of primordia of FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 was reduced by 33.6 % and 38.0 %. Obviously, FfCry-kd8 and FfCry-kd13 showed much shorter and finer stipes (With stipe lengths reduced by 51.8 % and 55.1 %, and stipe diameters by 43.4 % and 34.6 %), compared with wild type (WT). Especially, two FfCry-kd transformants showed much smaller pileus than WT (diameter was decreased by 52.6 % and 55.9 %), meaning that FfCry knockdown inhibited the pileus opening. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis identified that 216 genes were up-regulated and 164 genes were down-regulated after FfCry knockdown. The FfCry gene knockdown primarily activated the glucan 1,3-β-glucosidase, peptide receptor, and β-alanine metabolic pathways; while mainly inhibiting starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as various N-polymer biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism, etc. These metabolic pathways played important roles in the formation of cell walls and the fluidity of cell membranes. The results clearly demonstrate the significant changes in the fruiting body morphology of F. filiformis in the case of partial loss of FfCry function. This finding holds guiding significance for the scientific utilization of blue light to regulate the commercial characteristics of mushrooms.

蓝光作为一种重要的环境因子，能够调控大型真菌的形态发育。受体WCC （white collar complex）在控制子实体伸长中起作用，但另一个重要受体隐花色素（cryptochrome）的重要作用却容易被忽视。在本研究中，我们研究了隐色素基因（FfCry）敲低对金针菇子实体形态发育的总体影响及其对代谢活性的下游调控。构建2个敲低菌株FfCry-kd8和FfCry-kd13，探讨FfCry敲低后的形态学变化。结果表明，ffcrry -kd8和ffcrry -kd13原基数量分别减少了33.6%和38.0%。与野生型（WT）相比，FfCry-kd8和FfCry-kd13的茎柱明显更短、更细（茎柱长度分别减少了51.8%和55.1%，茎柱直径分别减少了43.4%和34.6%）。特别是，两个FfCry-kd突变体的菌毛比WT小得多（直径分别减少了52.6%和55.9%），这意味着FfCry基因敲低抑制了菌毛的开放。RNA测序（RNA- seq）分析发现，FfCry基因敲除后，216个基因上调，164个基因下调。FfCry基因敲低主要激活葡聚糖1,3-β-葡萄糖苷酶、肽受体和β-丙氨酸代谢途径；同时主要抑制淀粉和蔗糖代谢，以及各种n -聚合物的生物合成和鞘脂代谢等。这些代谢途径在细胞壁的形成和细胞膜的流动性中起着重要作用。结果清楚地表明，在FfCry功能部分丧失的情况下，丝状连翘子实体形态发生了显著变化。这一发现对科学利用蓝光调控蘑菇的商业特性具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0