Sensors and Actuators A-physical最新文献

英文中文

Flexible Fe3 +-doped gelatin/poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) conductive hydrogels for biopotential acquisition, salt recognition, and supercapacitors

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116425

Guangli Li , Nayu Chen , Tanmiao Xu , Youmei Zhang

Herein, a novel Fe³⁺-doped gelatin/poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide)(GPFe) ionically conductive hydrogels were fabricated using a simple and mild route. The GPFe hydrogel exhibited satisfactory mechanical strength, antifatigue, self-recovery, moisture-retention, anti-swelling, and electronic properties. As a result, the GPFe hydrogels were used as saline-permeable materials to fabricate semi-dry electrodes for detecting subtle electrophysiological signals such as electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and electromyogram. The proposed hydrogel semi-dry electrode demonstrated a relatively low and stable electrode-scalp impedance (17.8 ± 3.69 kΩ at 10 Hz) and could capture expected neuroelectrophysiological responses with similar signal patterns and amplitudes to the golden standard wet electrodes. The grand average temporal correlation coefficients between semi-dry/wet electrodes for eyes closed/open and steady-state visual evoked potential paradigms were 0.92 ± 0.36 and 0.93 ± 0.24, respectively, confirming the feasibility on real-life brain-computer interfaces. More importantly, the hydrogel semi-dry electrode overcame the dilemma that existing wet and dry electrodes cannot balance signal quality and user friendliness. In addition, the GPFe hydrogel-based detector could distinguish between different types and concentrations of salt solutions and used as efficient electrolyte to construct flexible supercapacitors. The hydrogel-based supercapacitors showed high surface capacitance (6.25 mF cm²) and maintained a good capacitance retention percentage (92.5 %) after 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Overall, the GPFe hydrogel system integrate multi-functional sensing and flexible power source, which provides valuable technical support for self-powered multi-functional wearable sensor system.

{"title":"Flexible Fe3 +-doped gelatin/poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) conductive hydrogels for biopotential acquisition, salt recognition, and supercapacitors","authors":"Guangli Li , Nayu Chen , Tanmiao Xu , Youmei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a novel Fe<sup>3+</sup>-doped gelatin/poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide)(GPFe) ionically conductive hydrogels were fabricated using a simple and mild route. The GPFe hydrogel exhibited satisfactory mechanical strength, antifatigue, self-recovery, moisture-retention, anti-swelling, and electronic properties. As a result, the GPFe hydrogels were used as saline-permeable materials to fabricate semi-dry electrodes for detecting subtle electrophysiological signals such as electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and electromyogram. The proposed hydrogel semi-dry electrode demonstrated a relatively low and stable electrode-scalp impedance (17.8 ± 3.69 kΩ at 10 Hz) and could capture expected neuroelectrophysiological responses with similar signal patterns and amplitudes to the golden standard wet electrodes. The grand average temporal correlation coefficients between semi-dry/wet electrodes for eyes closed/open and steady-state visual evoked potential paradigms were 0.92 ± 0.36 and 0.93 ± 0.24, respectively, confirming the feasibility on real-life brain-computer interfaces. More importantly, the hydrogel semi-dry electrode overcame the dilemma that existing wet and dry electrodes cannot balance signal quality and user friendliness. In addition, the GPFe hydrogel-based detector could distinguish between different types and concentrations of salt solutions and used as efficient electrolyte to construct flexible supercapacitors. The hydrogel-based supercapacitors showed high surface capacitance (6.25 mF cm<sup>2</sup>) and maintained a good capacitance retention percentage (92.5 %) after 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Overall, the GPFe hydrogel system integrate multi-functional sensing and flexible power source, which provides valuable technical support for self-powered multi-functional wearable sensor system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Light-controlled spatiotemporal manipulation of Euglena gracilis in microfluidic channels

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116414

Pulasta Chakrabarty , Ryoga Ono , Takuya Kohno , Shunya Okamoto , Takayuki Shibata , Tuhin Subhra Santra , Moeto Nagai

Precise spatiotemporal control of biological microswimmers like Euglena gracilis is crucial for advancing their use in biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery. While E. gracilis manipulation has been demonstrated previously, quantitative characterization of their photophobic responses, particularly regarding temporal dynamics and population density, is still lacking. Here we show a novel light irradiation system integrated with a digital micromirror device (DMD) that enables precise spatiotemporal control of E. gracilis within microfluidic channels. We demonstrate trapping, collection, and bi-directional migration of E. gracilis populations using photostimulation. We quantitatively analyze microorganism density changes and migration speeds under various light stimuli conditions. Comparative analysis revealed that laser illumination achieved more than twice the boundary reflection efficiency of LED illumination due to steeper intensity gradients. The system achieves rapid response times of 30–190 s for unidirectional migration over 1 mm, significantly faster than previous reports. Furthermore, we demonstrate bi-directional migration over 2 mm while maintaining stable microswimmer density. This precise maneuvering ability of photostimulated E. gracilis has potential applications in non-invasive biomedical interventions, such as targeted drug delivery. Our work provides critical insights into the spatiotemporal control of biological microswimmers, paving the way for their integration into advanced microsystems and sensors.

{"title":"Light-controlled spatiotemporal manipulation of Euglena gracilis in microfluidic channels","authors":"Pulasta Chakrabarty , Ryoga Ono , Takuya Kohno , Shunya Okamoto , Takayuki Shibata , Tuhin Subhra Santra , Moeto Nagai","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise spatiotemporal control of biological microswimmers like <em>Euglena gracilis</em> is crucial for advancing their use in biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery. While <em>E. gracilis</em> manipulation has been demonstrated previously, quantitative characterization of their photophobic responses, particularly regarding temporal dynamics and population density, is still lacking. Here we show a novel light irradiation system integrated with a digital micromirror device (DMD) that enables precise spatiotemporal control of <em>E. gracilis</em> within microfluidic channels. We demonstrate trapping, collection, and bi-directional migration of <em>E. gracilis</em> populations using photostimulation. We quantitatively analyze microorganism density changes and migration speeds under various light stimuli conditions. Comparative analysis revealed that laser illumination achieved more than twice the boundary reflection efficiency of LED illumination due to steeper intensity gradients. The system achieves rapid response times of 30–190 s for unidirectional migration over 1 mm, significantly faster than previous reports. Furthermore, we demonstrate bi-directional migration over 2 mm while maintaining stable microswimmer density. This precise maneuvering ability of photostimulated <em>E. gracilis</em> has potential applications in non-invasive biomedical interventions, such as targeted drug delivery. Our work provides critical insights into the spatiotemporal control of biological microswimmers, paving the way for their integration into advanced microsystems and sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic field nulling method for magnetically shielded room based on Smith predictor assisted GADRC

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116394

Jiye Zhao , Di Zhang , Jinji Sun , Haifeng Zhang

Magnetically shielded room (MSR) creates a zero-field environment for magnetoencephalography (MEG) research. Given the high cost of high-permeability materials and the low shielding factor at low frequencies, compensation coils combined with closed-loop control system are necessary for further dynamic shielding. To enhance the capacity of dynamic shielding, this paper proposes a dynamic field nulling method based on Smith predictor assisted generalized active disturbance rejection control (GADRC). Each component of the dynamic nulling system is analyzed and a high accuracy closed-loop system model is established. Additionally, the time-delay of the optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) is addressed by the Smith predictor, and the controller is designed within the GADRC framework. The equivalent models are constructed to analyze system performance from frequency domain perspective. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce the peak-to-peak value of magnetic fluctuation from 130.4 pT to 0.98 pT after filtering out power frequency interference.

引用次数: 0

Designing flexible SERS platforms by embedding double-plasmonic (Ag-Au) nanostructures in porous ZIF-8 frameworks on PDMS

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116423

Nguyen La Ngoc Tran , Nguyen Tran Truc Phuong , Hanh Kieu Thi Ta , Dung Van Hoang , Tran T.T. Van , Hieu Van Le , Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Small amounts of semi-volatile organic compounds from isothiazolinones group were detected on innovative nanostructured surfaces that produce localized hotspots. Isothiazolinones are widely employed as antimicrobial agents widely used in cosmetics, industrial, and healthcare products. In this study, we propose an practical and ecologically friendly method for the in-situ fabrication of flexible PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) substrates, incorporatingsilver/gold/zeolitic imidazolate structures-8 (Ag/Au/ZIF-8) hybrid materials for direct detection through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We successfully transformed the hydrophobic Ag/Au surfaces into hydrophilic, porous materials capable of absorption. Characterization results confirmed the development of a continuous double-plasmonic layer on the PDMS-based SERS substrate, ensuring a uniform distribution. The porous structure of the material notably enhanced the sensitivity of the SERS platform formed with Ag/Au/ZIF-8 hybrids. Moreover, the flexibility of the substrate was improved by the PDMS film. The in-situ formation of double-plasmonic layers with ZIF-8 offers a novel approach to enhancing the performance of SERS-based PDMS substrates, showing promising potential for real-world applications.

{"title":"Designing flexible SERS platforms by embedding double-plasmonic (Ag-Au) nanostructures in porous ZIF-8 frameworks on PDMS","authors":"Nguyen La Ngoc Tran , Nguyen Tran Truc Phuong , Hanh Kieu Thi Ta , Dung Van Hoang , Tran T.T. Van , Hieu Van Le , Nhu Hoa Thi Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small amounts of semi-volatile organic compounds from isothiazolinones group were detected on innovative nanostructured surfaces that produce localized hotspots. Isothiazolinones are widely employed as antimicrobial agents widely used in cosmetics, industrial, and healthcare products. In this study, we propose an practical and ecologically friendly method for the in-situ fabrication of flexible PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) substrates, incorporatingsilver/gold/zeolitic imidazolate structures-8 (Ag/Au/ZIF-8) hybrid materials for direct detection through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We successfully transformed the hydrophobic Ag/Au surfaces into hydrophilic, porous materials capable of absorption. Characterization results confirmed the development of a continuous double-plasmonic layer on the PDMS-based SERS substrate, ensuring a uniform distribution. The porous structure of the material notably enhanced the sensitivity of the SERS platform formed with Ag/Au/ZIF-8 hybrids. Moreover, the flexibility of the substrate was improved by the PDMS film. The in-situ formation of double-plasmonic layers with ZIF-8 offers a novel approach to enhancing the performance of SERS-based PDMS substrates, showing promising potential for real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and superposition regularity of aliasing signal based on the micro-three-coil sensor

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116386

Yucai Xie , Jiali Chen , Guoqing Li , Haotian Shi , Yiwen Zheng , Shuyao Zhang , Hongpeng Zhang

Oil condition monitoring for mechanical systems is essential for the safe and effective operation of equipment. In this paper, a micro-three-coil sensor is used to detect the aliasing signal generated by multiple particles. The output signal of this sensor has more characteristics and can reveal the superimposed signals generated when particles of different materials and sizes pass through the sensor at various distances. Simulation and experimental results show that when multiple or accumulated particles accumulate or pass through the sensor at a distance smaller than the sensor size, the position of the particles has a large effect on the magnetic field balance of the three-coil sensor. At the same time, the amplitude of the signal, the number of peaks, and troughs are closely related to the properties, size, and distance of the particles. When particles of the same material pass through the transducer at the spacing between then in the range of the two excitation coils, the amplitude of the transducer's output signal decreases because the particles act on both excitation coils simultaneously. When two particles of different materials pass through the sensor with the spacing of two excitation coils, the amplitude of the sensor output signal will increase. This research provides new ways of detecting metallic methods by using extracted signals, which provides more information about the condition of the mechanical system.

{"title":"Characterization and superposition regularity of aliasing signal based on the micro-three-coil sensor","authors":"Yucai Xie , Jiali Chen , Guoqing Li , Haotian Shi , Yiwen Zheng , Shuyao Zhang , Hongpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil condition monitoring for mechanical systems is essential for the safe and effective operation of equipment. In this paper, a micro-three-coil sensor is used to detect the aliasing signal generated by multiple particles. The output signal of this sensor has more characteristics and can reveal the superimposed signals generated when particles of different materials and sizes pass through the sensor at various distances. Simulation and experimental results show that when multiple or accumulated particles accumulate or pass through the sensor at a distance smaller than the sensor size, the position of the particles has a large effect on the magnetic field balance of the three-coil sensor. At the same time, the amplitude of the signal, the number of peaks, and troughs are closely related to the properties, size, and distance of the particles. When particles of the same material pass through the transducer at the spacing between then in the range of the two excitation coils, the amplitude of the transducer's output signal decreases because the particles act on both excitation coils simultaneously. When two particles of different materials pass through the sensor with the spacing of two excitation coils, the amplitude of the sensor output signal will increase. This research provides new ways of detecting metallic methods by using extracted signals, which provides more information about the condition of the mechanical system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wearable strain sensing skin with visual and stable structural color and electrical response for real-time monitoring

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116376

Yingqi Ren , Zhonghe Huang , Yongzheng Fang , Yaoqing Chu , Zhifu Liu

Special animals in nature with structurally colored skin have the ability to alter their skin color in response to external stimuli through the processing of bioelectrical impulses. This natural adaptation serves as a sensory mechanism, achieved through an integrated and stretchable network that relays information. Herein, inspired by this remarkable phenomenon, the wearable strain sensing photonic-electric skin (PE-skin) was designed based on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) black substrate adhered on SiO₂ photonic crystals/poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (PEGPEA) films. The PE-skin contains a non-volatile and non-hygroscopic ionic liquid (IL), which enhances the sensitivity of the skin to electric stimuli. By optimizing the IL content, a dual response of the optical and electrical signal to stress is achieved. Under the optical, mechanical, and electrical properties investigations, the PE-skin treated with 2 s IL performs high stretch and sensitivity. Specifically, it can output distinct mechanochromic sensitivity (Δλ/Δε) of approximately 2.4 nm%⁻¹ and a gauge factor (GF) of around 1, with a color difference of roughly 160 nm, which shows advanced visual interaction sensing capability. Finally, a novel device was developed to detect a small current based on STM32 chip. To effectively integrate the PE-skin color change with the electrical signal, a current oscilloscope was specifically designed to visualize the current variation in a waveform representation. It is well suited to continuously outputting intuitive color-switching signals and discernible resistance signal changes under tensile strain. Additionally, it effectively monitors joint movements to provide intuitive and accurate feedback signals.

{"title":"Wearable strain sensing skin with visual and stable structural color and electrical response for real-time monitoring","authors":"Yingqi Ren , Zhonghe Huang , Yongzheng Fang , Yaoqing Chu , Zhifu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Special animals in nature with structurally colored skin have the ability to alter their skin color in response to external stimuli through the processing of bioelectrical impulses. This natural adaptation serves as a sensory mechanism, achieved through an integrated and stretchable network that relays information. Herein, inspired by this remarkable phenomenon, the wearable strain sensing photonic-electric skin (PE-skin) was designed based on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) black substrate adhered on SiO<sub>2</sub> photonic crystals/poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (PEGPEA) films. The PE-skin contains a non-volatile and non-hygroscopic ionic liquid (IL), which enhances the sensitivity of the skin to electric stimuli. By optimizing the IL content, a dual response of the optical and electrical signal to stress is achieved. Under the optical, mechanical, and electrical properties investigations, the PE-skin treated with 2 s IL performs high stretch and sensitivity. Specifically, it can output distinct mechanochromic sensitivity (Δλ/Δε) of approximately 2.4 nm%<sup>−1</sup> and a gauge factor (GF) of around 1, with a color difference of roughly 160 nm, which shows advanced visual interaction sensing capability. Finally, a novel device was developed to detect a small current based on STM32 chip. To effectively integrate the PE-skin color change with the electrical signal, a current oscilloscope was specifically designed to visualize the current variation in a waveform representation. It is well suited to continuously outputting intuitive color-switching signals and discernible resistance signal changes under tensile strain. Additionally, it effectively monitors joint movements to provide intuitive and accurate feedback signals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design, modeling, and control of magnetically actuated rod-like soft robots: Propulsion in free space with viscous fluids and navigation in confined geometries

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116305

Zhengguang Wang , Anuruddha Bhattacharjee , Yasin Cagatay Duygu , Sangwon Lee , Mehdi Jabbarzadeh , Henry C. Fu , Min Jun Kim

This paper presents advancements in the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of magnetically actuated soft robots in various fluidic environments. It features a simplified manufacturing process and uniform structural optimization. A numerical modeling approach was introduced for the preliminary evaluation of the propulsion performance of hydrogel-based, rod-like soft robots in a viscous Newtonian fluid under free space boundary constraints, which was later validated through experiments. Meanwhile, additional experiments in water with boundary constraints were also conducted to assess the robots’ performance under varying environments. The results highlighted the critical role of structural integrity, especially concerning propulsion performance in viscous fluids under different external magnetic fields. Moreover, experiments in confined mazes with boundary conditions demonstrated the robots’ controllability and flexibility in navigating complex environments, such as vessel-like structures. Our findings suggest future research directions, including enhancing material characterization to examine the correlation between material deformability and propulsion efficiency, improving control algorithms for dynamic environments, and exploring other motion strategies to increase application versatility.

{"title":"Design, modeling, and control of magnetically actuated rod-like soft robots: Propulsion in free space with viscous fluids and navigation in confined geometries","authors":"Zhengguang Wang , Anuruddha Bhattacharjee , Yasin Cagatay Duygu , Sangwon Lee , Mehdi Jabbarzadeh , Henry C. Fu , Min Jun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents advancements in the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of magnetically actuated soft robots in various fluidic environments. It features a simplified manufacturing process and uniform structural optimization. A numerical modeling approach was introduced for the preliminary evaluation of the propulsion performance of hydrogel-based, rod-like soft robots in a viscous Newtonian fluid under free space boundary constraints, which was later validated through experiments. Meanwhile, additional experiments in water with boundary constraints were also conducted to assess the robots’ performance under varying environments. The results highlighted the critical role of structural integrity, especially concerning propulsion performance in viscous fluids under different external magnetic fields. Moreover, experiments in confined mazes with boundary conditions demonstrated the robots’ controllability and flexibility in navigating complex environments, such as vessel-like structures. Our findings suggest future research directions, including enhancing material characterization to examine the correlation between material deformability and propulsion efficiency, improving control algorithms for dynamic environments, and exploring other motion strategies to increase application versatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of positive electrode coverage ratio on SH0 mode in thickness-shear piezoelectric transducers

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116403

Xulei Zang, Zhao-Dong Xu, Chen Zhu, Haoyan Peng, Zhiheng Xia, Hongfang Lu

Piezoelectric-based ultrasonic guided wave transducers often extend the negative electrode to the same plane as the positive electrode to facilitate circuit connections. This study examines the effect of the positive electrode coverage ratio on SH0 mode excitation in d₁₅ thickness-shear piezoelectric transducers. First, a qualitative analysis based on the direct and inverse piezoelectric effects evaluates the effect of the electrode coverage ratio on SH0, A0, and S0 modes. Subsequently, a finite element (FE) model is developed using the explicit-implicit co-simulation method to further analyze the effect of the electrode coverage ratio on mode excitation. The results indicate that increasing the electrode coverage ratio enhances the amplitudes of the SH0 and S0 modes while reducing the amplitude of the A0 mode. Partial electrode coverage introduces a small amount of the S0 mode and a significant amount of the A0 mode in the primary propagation direction of the SH0 mode. This shift in mode composition is identified as the primary factor contributing to the deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SH0 mode. Further analysis of the frequency tuning curves shows that increasing the electrode coverage ratio enhances the SH0 mode response at the operating frequencies while reducing the amplitudes of the A0 and S0 modes in the dominant propagation direction of the SH0 mode. The A0 and S0 modes are nearly absent in this direction with 100 % electrode coverage ratio. Finally, experiments measure the SH0 frequency tuning curves and wavefields in the dominant propagation direction for the d₁₅ thickness-shear piezoelectric transducer at four different electrode coverage ratios. The agreement between the experimental results and the FE simulations confirms the accuracy of the FE model.

{"title":"Effect of positive electrode coverage ratio on SH0 mode in thickness-shear piezoelectric transducers","authors":"Xulei Zang, Zhao-Dong Xu, Chen Zhu, Haoyan Peng, Zhiheng Xia, Hongfang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezoelectric-based ultrasonic guided wave transducers often extend the negative electrode to the same plane as the positive electrode to facilitate circuit connections. This study examines the effect of the positive electrode coverage ratio on SH0 mode excitation in <em>d</em><sub><em>15</em></sub> thickness-shear piezoelectric transducers. First, a qualitative analysis based on the direct and inverse piezoelectric effects evaluates the effect of the electrode coverage ratio on SH0, A0, and S0 modes. Subsequently, a finite element (FE) model is developed using the explicit-implicit co-simulation method to further analyze the effect of the electrode coverage ratio on mode excitation. The results indicate that increasing the electrode coverage ratio enhances the amplitudes of the SH0 and S0 modes while reducing the amplitude of the A0 mode. Partial electrode coverage introduces a small amount of the S0 mode and a significant amount of the A0 mode in the primary propagation direction of the SH0 mode. This shift in mode composition is identified as the primary factor contributing to the deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SH0 mode. Further analysis of the frequency tuning curves shows that increasing the electrode coverage ratio enhances the SH0 mode response at the operating frequencies while reducing the amplitudes of the A0 and S0 modes in the dominant propagation direction of the SH0 mode. The A0 and S0 modes are nearly absent in this direction with 100 % electrode coverage ratio. Finally, experiments measure the SH0 frequency tuning curves and wavefields in the dominant propagation direction for the <em>d</em><sub><em>15</em></sub> thickness-shear piezoelectric transducer at four different electrode coverage ratios. The agreement between the experimental results and the FE simulations confirms the accuracy of the FE model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

X-LiNbO3/sapphire optical temperature sensor based on light field manipulation

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116357

Xinbing Jiao, Xueping Gong, Zixuan Guo

An x-LiNbO₃/sapphire optical temperature sensor based on light field intensity manipulation is proposed. The temperature changes from 25 to 35 ℃. The 1535 nm, 1550 nm, and 1565 nm circularly polarized (CP) and linearity polarized (LP) laser beams are chosen. The results indicate that the temperature resolutions of the x-LiNbO₃/sapphire are different based on the Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shifts. The optimal temperature resolution with a 1565 nm LP laser beam is 0.028 ℃ based on the IF shifts. The reflectivity changes from 19.47 % to 89.42 %, when the 1550 nm CP laser beam reflects from the x-LiNbO₃/sapphire. The best resolution of the x-LiNbO₃/sapphire optical temperature sensor based on the reflectivity is 1.45 × 10⁻⁴℃ when the 1550 nm CP laser beam is used. The x-LiNbO₃/sapphire optical temperature sensor based on light field intensity manipulation implies advances in the design, analysis, and testing of optical sensors.

引用次数: 0

Promising pioneer study on identification of lung cancer cells using DNA-based Schottky diodes

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116407

Ali Akbar Hussaini , Ayse Ceki̇n , Zeynep Gaye Hamarat , Mehmet Okan Erdal , Nur Selvi Gunel , Murat Yıldırım

DNA-based Schottky diodes provide an innovative method utilizing the distinct electronic properties of DNA molecules, enabling the development of devices that can distinguish between various biological samples. The suitability and efficiency of these devices for use in diagnosis were examined. In this study, DNA-based electronic devices were fabricated using indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and they were used to analyze DNA extracted from cancer cells lines. A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), K562 (human erythroleukemic), HCT116 (human colon cancer), WI38 (human diploid fibroblast), and H2030 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines were investigated in terms of their electronic and optical behaviors. K562 and HCT116 cell lines were used to investigate the selectivity measurements. Electrical properties, including ideality factors and barrier heights, were analyzed using thermionic emission (TE) approximation to explore their potential in cell line identification. Optical properties were investigated via UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The semiconductor behavior of DNA samples is very important in terms of determining their properties. DNA samples from A549, H2030, HCT116, K562, and WI38 cell lines exhibited band gaps of 4.29, 4.21, 4.06, 4.25, and 4.18 eV, respectively. By analyzing the electronic properties, DNA-based Schottky diodes can distinguish between different samples, enabling selective identification based on their electrical characteristics.

{"title":"Promising pioneer study on identification of lung cancer cells using DNA-based Schottky diodes","authors":"Ali Akbar Hussaini , Ayse Ceki̇n , Zeynep Gaye Hamarat , Mehmet Okan Erdal , Nur Selvi Gunel , Murat Yıldırım","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA-based Schottky diodes provide an innovative method utilizing the distinct electronic properties of DNA molecules, enabling the development of devices that can distinguish between various biological samples. The suitability and efficiency of these devices for use in diagnosis were examined. In this study, DNA-based electronic devices were fabricated using indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and they were used to analyze DNA extracted from cancer cells lines. A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), K562 (human erythroleukemic), HCT116 (human colon cancer), WI38 (human diploid fibroblast), and H2030 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines were investigated in terms of their electronic and optical behaviors. K562 and HCT116 cell lines were used to investigate the selectivity measurements. Electrical properties, including ideality factors and barrier heights, were analyzed using thermionic emission (TE) approximation to explore their potential in cell line identification. Optical properties were investigated via UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The semiconductor behavior of DNA samples is very important in terms of determining their properties. DNA samples from A549, H2030, HCT116, K562, and WI38 cell lines exhibited band gaps of 4.29, 4.21, 4.06, 4.25, and 4.18 eV, respectively. By analyzing the electronic properties, DNA-based Schottky diodes can distinguish between different samples, enabling selective identification based on their electrical characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 116407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀