The present research study and compare 5 well-known climatic indices inRasht city. For studying these five indices a 15-year statistical climaticperiod (1995-2009) has been used. The aim of this paper is to assess that howmuch the results of each of these indices are close to each other that are theresults provided by the indices are the same. The present paper tries to answerthis question:”how much the results of the climatic indices are similar andclose to each other and how much these results differ from each other?” For thesethree Mahoney, Evans and Givoni indices architectural guidelinesand principles have been as well provided and we hope that they will be useful.The research method used in this paper is qualitative method with an appliedapproach. The analyses indicate that regarding the coldness of the January, February,March and December months all the indices share common aspects. Also, there isno different between the cold, warm or temperate weather of the days of themonths in the Mahoney, Evans and effective temperature indices. However, in therest of the days and nights of the indices some differences in the results areseen. Therefore, we can conclude that in Rasht city the results of the threeMahoney, Evans and effective temperature indices results are so much close toeach other; however, there is a different in the results of Givoni and Biker results.On an average basis we can say that in this city three months of the year theweather is moderate and therefore, a comfortable condition exists and for 3months the weather is warm and for 6 months is cold. Based on architectural guidelinesin these 6 months that the weather of this city is cold the buildings requireInsulation and heating devices. In these months the air penetration through theseams of the windows and weak joints of the buildings should be prevents andthe heat of the sun should be used. In the other 6 months of the year thebuildings are required to make use of the air circulation, while in four ofthese months the air circulation is necessary.
{"title":"Comparing climatic indices; Mahoney, Evans, Biker, effective temperature (ET) and Givoni in Rasht city","authors":"Maryam Nadimi, N. Yaghoubzadeh","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1599","url":null,"abstract":"The present research study and compare 5 well-known climatic indices inRasht city. For studying these five indices a 15-year statistical climaticperiod (1995-2009) has been used. The aim of this paper is to assess that howmuch the results of each of these indices are close to each other that are theresults provided by the indices are the same. The present paper tries to answerthis question:”how much the results of the climatic indices are similar andclose to each other and how much these results differ from each other?” For thesethree Mahoney, Evans and Givoni indices architectural guidelinesand principles have been as well provided and we hope that they will be useful.The research method used in this paper is qualitative method with an appliedapproach. The analyses indicate that regarding the coldness of the January, February,March and December months all the indices share common aspects. Also, there isno different between the cold, warm or temperate weather of the days of themonths in the Mahoney, Evans and effective temperature indices. However, in therest of the days and nights of the indices some differences in the results areseen. Therefore, we can conclude that in Rasht city the results of the threeMahoney, Evans and effective temperature indices results are so much close toeach other; however, there is a different in the results of Givoni and Biker results.On an average basis we can say that in this city three months of the year theweather is moderate and therefore, a comfortable condition exists and for 3months the weather is warm and for 6 months is cold. Based on architectural guidelinesin these 6 months that the weather of this city is cold the buildings requireInsulation and heating devices. In these months the air penetration through theseams of the windows and weak joints of the buildings should be prevents andthe heat of the sun should be used. In the other 6 months of the year thebuildings are required to make use of the air circulation, while in four ofthese months the air circulation is necessary.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"684-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73439786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractWilliam Blake was a great poet, who was born in1757 in London. He had supreme ability in being artist even in his youth. Blake composed "The Little Black Boy" in 1789, when he was 32 years old. In this poem he talks by language of a black boy who suffers from discrimination, existing between black and white skins. The infant black boy listen to his mother words, who infused her belief in God and Life after death to her young sad boy. In this study attempts is made to analyze this poem from Postcolonial studies and find its root and reason which is, according to Postcolonial studies, in imperialism of nineteenth century.
{"title":"Postcolonial Narration in the Greatest Romantic Work of William Blake's \"The Little Black Boy\"","authors":"Sepideh Kamarzadeh","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1543","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWilliam Blake was a great poet, who was born in1757 in London. He had supreme ability in being artist even in his youth. Blake composed \"The Little Black Boy\" in 1789, when he was 32 years old. In this poem he talks by language of a black boy who suffers from discrimination, existing between black and white skins. The infant black boy listen to his mother words, who infused her belief in God and Life after death to her young sad boy. In this study attempts is made to analyze this poem from Postcolonial studies and find its root and reason which is, according to Postcolonial studies, in imperialism of nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"31 1","pages":"728-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88253202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thanks to increase of population in Iranian cities they are constantly growing vertically-physically and occupy amass area of their surroundings. As time passes and form of ownershipstransform in central texture of cities, their texture quality drops and moredeterioration becomes evident. The deteriorated area in cities consists of fourparts as follows: 1. Textures with historical and urban heritages; 2. Urbantextures (without historical heritage); 3. Marginal textures (informalsettlements) 4. Inefficient textures.According to conformity of historical and deteriorated area with of Ravar andlack of a marginal and inefficient texture requested from a vast abandonedbarren areas, disparate applications such as prisons, barracks, and annoyingand polluting industries, this city has only deteriorated area with historicalheritages. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to organize thedeteriorated area of city Ravar in Kerman for creating a sustainableenvironmental, economic, and social development along with consideringimproving, rehabilitation and renovation standards. to do this, users of spacesincluding residents and those who are working in this area are identified asthe goal population and improvement of the place quality for them and fortravelers are coming to the city or travel to city Mashhad as well as theirparticipation in this plan are of the most important purposes in the present research.
{"title":"Rehabilitation and renovation in Ravar deteriorated urban area","authors":"Ramin Arjmand Kermani, Salman Abbasi","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1595","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to increase of population in Iranian cities they are constantly growing vertically-physically and occupy amass area of their surroundings. As time passes and form of ownershipstransform in central texture of cities, their texture quality drops and moredeterioration becomes evident. The deteriorated area in cities consists of fourparts as follows: 1. Textures with historical and urban heritages; 2. Urbantextures (without historical heritage); 3. Marginal textures (informalsettlements) 4. Inefficient textures.According to conformity of historical and deteriorated area with of Ravar andlack of a marginal and inefficient texture requested from a vast abandonedbarren areas, disparate applications such as prisons, barracks, and annoyingand polluting industries, this city has only deteriorated area with historicalheritages. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to organize thedeteriorated area of city Ravar in Kerman for creating a sustainableenvironmental, economic, and social development along with consideringimproving, rehabilitation and renovation standards. to do this, users of spacesincluding residents and those who are working in this area are identified asthe goal population and improvement of the place quality for them and fortravelers are coming to the city or travel to city Mashhad as well as theirparticipation in this plan are of the most important purposes in the present research.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"140 1","pages":"514-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76061687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cropdevelopment is qualitative changes planned that makes the plant to ripening. Under irrigated conditionsexpected only climate elements able to change of plant growth and developmentand under these conditions, temperature and day length have more effective thanthe other elements. Data from planting dates trials conducted over theKabootar-Abad Agricultural Research Station during 2003-2009 were used todevelop models for estimating development rate of three varieties, Arak, ZendehRud and Goldasht. To calculate of developmental rate of every stage, durationof every stage was inversed. For determining model of development rate of everystage, development rate considered as dependent variable and day length,thermal variables and combination of these considered as independent variablesin step wise regression. A step of regression was considered appropriate if thehighest R2 was accompanied by the significant (p≤0.05) regressioncoefficient. Evaluation of model accuracy and sensitivity was performed, usingthe data of 2008-2009 that there was not any role in forming of models. No. of days from planting to emergence,emergence to heading, emergence to flowering, emergence to ripening andflowering to ripening were affected by planting dates. By increasingtemperature, developmental stage periods decreased. Day length had the mosteffect on emergence to heading and emergence to flowering period and byincreasing it, decreased. Tmean was the only variablethat entered to model and explained about 76% of development rate of emergenceperiod. About 83% of development rate of emergence to heading stage wasdetermined by Tmax×DL. T2max×DL2 explainedabout 92% of development rate of emergence to flowering stage. T2max×DL2 with T4maxexplained about 81% variations of developmental rate of emergence to ripeningstage. T3max was the only variable that entered the model ofdevelopment rate of flowering to ripening stage and expressed about 47%variations of it. Contribution of thermal and day length parameters indetermining of rate of different developmental stages is not constant. This maybe related to different physiological nature of developmental stages anddifferences reactions of these stages to climatologic, edaphic and agronomicelements and interaction among them and with genotype of plant. Contribution of thermal and day lengthparameters in determining of rate of different developmental stages is notconstant.
{"title":"Effects of temperature and day length on development rate of safflower cultivars","authors":"M. Shahsavari, T. Yasari, M. Rezaaei","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1596","url":null,"abstract":"Cropdevelopment is qualitative changes planned that makes the plant to ripening. Under irrigated conditionsexpected only climate elements able to change of plant growth and developmentand under these conditions, temperature and day length have more effective thanthe other elements. Data from planting dates trials conducted over theKabootar-Abad Agricultural Research Station during 2003-2009 were used todevelop models for estimating development rate of three varieties, Arak, ZendehRud and Goldasht. To calculate of developmental rate of every stage, durationof every stage was inversed. For determining model of development rate of everystage, development rate considered as dependent variable and day length,thermal variables and combination of these considered as independent variablesin step wise regression. A step of regression was considered appropriate if thehighest R2 was accompanied by the significant (p≤0.05) regressioncoefficient. Evaluation of model accuracy and sensitivity was performed, usingthe data of 2008-2009 that there was not any role in forming of models. No. of days from planting to emergence,emergence to heading, emergence to flowering, emergence to ripening andflowering to ripening were affected by planting dates. By increasingtemperature, developmental stage periods decreased. Day length had the mosteffect on emergence to heading and emergence to flowering period and byincreasing it, decreased. Tmean was the only variablethat entered to model and explained about 76% of development rate of emergenceperiod. About 83% of development rate of emergence to heading stage wasdetermined by Tmax×DL. T2max×DL2 explainedabout 92% of development rate of emergence to flowering stage. T2max×DL2 with T4maxexplained about 81% variations of developmental rate of emergence to ripeningstage. T3max was the only variable that entered the model ofdevelopment rate of flowering to ripening stage and expressed about 47%variations of it. Contribution of thermal and day length parameters indetermining of rate of different developmental stages is not constant. This maybe related to different physiological nature of developmental stages anddifferences reactions of these stages to climatologic, edaphic and agronomicelements and interaction among them and with genotype of plant. Contribution of thermal and day lengthparameters in determining of rate of different developmental stages is notconstant.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"472-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82466064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' experiences of the null curriculum in general education courses, University of Tabriz. Phenomenological research is method in this study. The population in this study are professor courses. That they were selected the 18 patients with purposive as sample. The instrument used in the research is interview .To achieve the required data with the 18 professors courses depth interviews were conducted .Smith proposed method was used for data analysis. Thus, the interviews were recorded on audio file immediately after the researcher listened and typed line by line and sub-themes were extracted by studying and comparing the post. The results showed that the content of courses in six core goals, content, classroom space, time, evaluation and teacher activities and teaching strategies are null factors. Keywords: null curriculum, general courses, University of Tabriz
{"title":"Investigation null curriculum on Islamic Education Courses in Tabriz University","authors":"Y. Rezapour, Y. Adib, Sajjad Pourbaghban","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1547","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' experiences of the null curriculum in general education courses, University of Tabriz. Phenomenological research is method in this study. The population in this study are professor courses. That they were selected the 18 patients with purposive as sample. The instrument used in the research is interview .To achieve the required data with the 18 professors courses depth interviews were conducted .Smith proposed method was used for data analysis. Thus, the interviews were recorded on audio file immediately after the researcher listened and typed line by line and sub-themes were extracted by studying and comparing the post. The results showed that the content of courses in six core goals, content, classroom space, time, evaluation and teacher activities and teaching strategies are null factors. Keywords: null curriculum, general courses, University of Tabriz","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"130 1","pages":"721-727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88212172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a time when most of the Earth's fossil energy resources are decreasingand the population continue to increase, human needs to control his residentialspace weather in comfort range without any waste or excessive consumption ofenergy. Nowadays various technologies are used to create comfort, security, andsaving in costs particularly in energy consumption. Two-shelled facade is alsoone of the measures that with the advancement of knowledge and development ofscience in recent decades, has made it possible for construction industry to becompatible with the environment so that it can help to adjust heat, cold,light, wind, as well as outside noise and provide residents' welfare withoutwasting energy. The application of this technology is necessary in modernbuildings of Guilan according to the extent of the area in the country that canreduce a large part of fossil energy consumption by creating naturalventilation and draft that it's important factor of comfort is the reduction ofexcessive moisture in the area that is hard to bear for man. Therefore, the aimof this article is to study of the two-shelled facades and the amount ofinfluence of this technology on reduction of fossil energy consumption andman's comfort in the building. The descriptive-analytic research method hasbeen used in this research based on data collection by library method. Theresults of this study indicate that in addition to possibility of naturalventilation while controlling noise, wind, and rain, two-shelled facades case tohuman comfort in building with reduction of costs and creating a desiredlandscape.
{"title":"The study of the role of Two-shelled facades in residential buildings in Guilan","authors":"S. Ghanbari","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1606","url":null,"abstract":"In a time when most of the Earth's fossil energy resources are decreasingand the population continue to increase, human needs to control his residentialspace weather in comfort range without any waste or excessive consumption ofenergy. Nowadays various technologies are used to create comfort, security, andsaving in costs particularly in energy consumption. Two-shelled facade is alsoone of the measures that with the advancement of knowledge and development ofscience in recent decades, has made it possible for construction industry to becompatible with the environment so that it can help to adjust heat, cold,light, wind, as well as outside noise and provide residents' welfare withoutwasting energy. The application of this technology is necessary in modernbuildings of Guilan according to the extent of the area in the country that canreduce a large part of fossil energy consumption by creating naturalventilation and draft that it's important factor of comfort is the reduction ofexcessive moisture in the area that is hard to bear for man. Therefore, the aimof this article is to study of the two-shelled facades and the amount ofinfluence of this technology on reduction of fossil energy consumption andman's comfort in the building. The descriptive-analytic research method hasbeen used in this research based on data collection by library method. Theresults of this study indicate that in addition to possibility of naturalventilation while controlling noise, wind, and rain, two-shelled facades case tohuman comfort in building with reduction of costs and creating a desiredlandscape.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"589-599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72951517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thedevelopment of transportation infrastructures is one of the main indicators ofadvancement and welfare of communities. Bridges are essential to road andrailway networks as transport links. Thus, extending the life cycle andsustainable development of bridges can increase the quality of human life.Steel is reputed as one of the most sustainable construction materials for itsunique characteristic of recyclability without losing qualities. In the pastfew decades, significant improvements in rolling and heat treatment processesand metallurgical advances have made it possible to produce a new generation ofconstructional steel material designated as the High Performance Steel (HPS).Higher performance in weldability and toughness of HPS steels compared toconventional high strength steels has increased the cost efficiency, safety andlife cycle of bridges. This paper reviews the prospects of the world steelindustry and introduces the outstanding steelmaking technologies in leadingcountries and their impacts on the bridge industry.
{"title":"Sustainable development of bridge industry with the new generation of high performance steel materials","authors":"Mozhdeh Amani, M. Alinia","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1600","url":null,"abstract":"Thedevelopment of transportation infrastructures is one of the main indicators ofadvancement and welfare of communities. Bridges are essential to road andrailway networks as transport links. Thus, extending the life cycle andsustainable development of bridges can increase the quality of human life.Steel is reputed as one of the most sustainable construction materials for itsunique characteristic of recyclability without losing qualities. In the pastfew decades, significant improvements in rolling and heat treatment processesand metallurgical advances have made it possible to produce a new generation ofconstructional steel material designated as the High Performance Steel (HPS).Higher performance in weldability and toughness of HPS steels compared toconventional high strength steels has increased the cost efficiency, safety andlife cycle of bridges. This paper reviews the prospects of the world steelindustry and introduces the outstanding steelmaking technologies in leadingcountries and their impacts on the bridge industry.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"84 1","pages":"547-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74318204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract William Blake, a great poet, engraver, and artist, was born in November 28, of 1757 in London. From his childhood he enjoys artistic works and when their parents sent him to painting class, after passing five years, he became a perfect engraver an drawer. He used to compose poem and engraving together, that's why he earned money in this way. In the poem of "The Clod and the Pebble" he explains the meaning of love from two opposite viewpoints. The clod's view is a sound of innocent and purity, but the pebble's notion is the sound of experience. In this research, the author tried to survey the different definition of love in the words of great philosophers and critics.
{"title":"Love Definition in the Words of \"The Clod and the Pebble\", the Romantic Poem of William Blake","authors":"Sepideh Kamarzadeh","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1556","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract William Blake, a great poet, engraver, and artist, was born in November 28, of 1757 in London. From his childhood he enjoys artistic works and when their parents sent him to painting class, after passing five years, he became a perfect engraver an drawer. He used to compose poem and engraving together, that's why he earned money in this way. In the poem of \"The Clod and the Pebble\" he explains the meaning of love from two opposite viewpoints. The clod's view is a sound of innocent and purity, but the pebble's notion is the sound of experience. In this research, the author tried to survey the different definition of love in the words of great philosophers and critics.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"70 1","pages":"733-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87062212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reason tochoose this issue is paying attention to the spatial fluidity of Iwan andcommunicational and functional values of various kinds of Iwan in traditionalhouses of Boushehr. The traditional architecture provides the material andspiritual spaces in a way that has sincerity, intimacy, balance and peace. Iwanhas the conceptual and functional richness and in terms of form it has a greatrole in raising the spatial value and besides of an open space it leads tocreate a valuable structure. To achieve the spatial fluidity on Iwan, we musthave a special look to basic designing elements (shape, scale, pattern andbalance). We should look at the fluidity of spaces as a contiguous whole and aunited collection and avoid the one-dimensional and discrete look at space.Fluidity gives the audience a sense of physical movement and moves their eyesnot their body. The visual motion means when we stand fixed at a point inspace, our eyes have motion and move from one point to another.This raises aquestion that how the fluidity of space affects on Iwan’s forms of traditionalhouses of Bushehr which is one of the important factors influencing the form ofthe building.In this research first of all the concept and meaning of Iwan isdefined and then the spatial fluidity and various kinds of spatial fluidity ofIwan and Iwan fluidity of traditional houses of Bushehr has been discussed. The research method of this study isobjective, descriptive-visual observation, review of documents, analysis ofcases and library studies relied on theoretical concepts. The major findingsand conclusions of this study shows that Iwan as a seasonal place for sittinghas different orientation in the building and because of its climatic reasons,it is a semi-open space with different functions such as: it acts as a linkbetween the open and closed space, a passage and a link space also it hasrelation to the nature and causes cohesion of inside and outside and has spatialfluidity.
{"title":"Analyzing the fluidity of Iwan’s space in traditional houses of Bushehr","authors":"Mohammad Hasan Kakizadeh","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1608","url":null,"abstract":"The reason tochoose this issue is paying attention to the spatial fluidity of Iwan andcommunicational and functional values of various kinds of Iwan in traditionalhouses of Boushehr. The traditional architecture provides the material andspiritual spaces in a way that has sincerity, intimacy, balance and peace. Iwanhas the conceptual and functional richness and in terms of form it has a greatrole in raising the spatial value and besides of an open space it leads tocreate a valuable structure. To achieve the spatial fluidity on Iwan, we musthave a special look to basic designing elements (shape, scale, pattern andbalance). We should look at the fluidity of spaces as a contiguous whole and aunited collection and avoid the one-dimensional and discrete look at space.Fluidity gives the audience a sense of physical movement and moves their eyesnot their body. The visual motion means when we stand fixed at a point inspace, our eyes have motion and move from one point to another.This raises aquestion that how the fluidity of space affects on Iwan’s forms of traditionalhouses of Bushehr which is one of the important factors influencing the form ofthe building.In this research first of all the concept and meaning of Iwan isdefined and then the spatial fluidity and various kinds of spatial fluidity ofIwan and Iwan fluidity of traditional houses of Bushehr has been discussed. The research method of this study isobjective, descriptive-visual observation, review of documents, analysis ofcases and library studies relied on theoretical concepts. The major findingsand conclusions of this study shows that Iwan as a seasonal place for sittinghas different orientation in the building and because of its climatic reasons,it is a semi-open space with different functions such as: it acts as a linkbetween the open and closed space, a passage and a link space also it hasrelation to the nature and causes cohesion of inside and outside and has spatialfluidity.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"600-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83669658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facilities and services in the cities are the most important indicators inthe development of urban tourism. For this reason, the necessity of evaluatingthe role of these services and facilities in the development process of urbantourism is of immense importance. Due to the necessity of research andrecognition of natural facilities and potentials available in Ramsar city,introduction, recognition and targeting of these natural powers are required.Ramsar is one of the coastal towns of Mazandaran province which is ofconsiderable importance in tourism in terms of its specific geographicalsituation and location near the Caspian Sea with the soft sandy beach, havinghot and cold mineral springs, lush and beautiful forest environment and theCaspian region which attracts numerous domestic and foreign tourists everyyear. The present study is aimed at increasing the power of ecotourism in thecity of Ramsar, identification of tourist facilities and services, and increasingthe satisfaction rate of urban tourists in the study area. The research methodis of descriptive-analytical type, and the field and library methods were usedfor data collection. Using Cronbach's alpha method 242 questionnaires wereconsidered and were conducted for completion by the tourists present in therecreational places of Ramsar city which have been analyzed by means ofinferential statistics of Chi-square test after the data is addressed in SPSSsoftware environment. The most important research findings have been pronouncedto be the dissatisfaction of tourists with the cleanliness of the beaches andparks, lack of appropriate and adequate toilets in tourist spots, high price ofgoods and brightness at night. The factors most effective in attractingtourists in the city of Ramsar were stated by those questioned to be the seaand the beaches of the city of Ramsar, hot mineral springs, waterfalls, and atlast mountains and forests in order.
{"title":"Evaluation of the role of services and facilities in the development of urban tourism (Case study of Ramsar city)","authors":"D. B. Lashak","doi":"10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14196/SJR.V3I7.1607","url":null,"abstract":"Facilities and services in the cities are the most important indicators inthe development of urban tourism. For this reason, the necessity of evaluatingthe role of these services and facilities in the development process of urbantourism is of immense importance. Due to the necessity of research andrecognition of natural facilities and potentials available in Ramsar city,introduction, recognition and targeting of these natural powers are required.Ramsar is one of the coastal towns of Mazandaran province which is ofconsiderable importance in tourism in terms of its specific geographicalsituation and location near the Caspian Sea with the soft sandy beach, havinghot and cold mineral springs, lush and beautiful forest environment and theCaspian region which attracts numerous domestic and foreign tourists everyyear. The present study is aimed at increasing the power of ecotourism in thecity of Ramsar, identification of tourist facilities and services, and increasingthe satisfaction rate of urban tourists in the study area. The research methodis of descriptive-analytical type, and the field and library methods were usedfor data collection. Using Cronbach's alpha method 242 questionnaires wereconsidered and were conducted for completion by the tourists present in therecreational places of Ramsar city which have been analyzed by means ofinferential statistics of Chi-square test after the data is addressed in SPSSsoftware environment. The most important research findings have been pronouncedto be the dissatisfaction of tourists with the cleanliness of the beaches andparks, lack of appropriate and adequate toilets in tourist spots, high price ofgoods and brightness at night. The factors most effective in attractingtourists in the city of Ramsar were stated by those questioned to be the seaand the beaches of the city of Ramsar, hot mineral springs, waterfalls, and atlast mountains and forests in order.","PeriodicalId":21707,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"705-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83973692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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