Pest Management Science最新文献_第10页

First genome sequence of a European Alternaria brassicae isolate and genes involved in early development of alternaria leaf spot on Brassica juncea. 欧洲油菜互花菌分离株的首个基因组序列及芥菜互花菌叶斑病早期发育相关基因。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70477

Kevin M King,Graham McLaughlin,Chinthani S Karandeni Dewage,Zedi Gao,David J Hughes,Jonathan S West,Henrik U Stotz

BACKGROUNDAlternaria brassicae is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing grey leaf spot disease in Brassicaceae crops, notably Brassica juncea. While previous genomic studies have focused on Indian isolates, the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions in European isolates remains unexplored.RESULTSWe report the first genome sequence of a UK A. brassicae isolate (AA1/5), assembled using PacBio and Illumina platforms, revealing a 32.6 Mb genome with 7228 predicted genes. Comparative analysis with the Indian J3 isolate suggests genomic divergence, including fewer repetitive elements and secreted proteins in AA1/5. Dual RNA-sequencing profiling of AA1/5 and two B. juncea cultivars (Sej-2 (2) and Pusa Jaikisan) identified differential expression of fungal genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall degradation, and endocytosis. Host transcriptomics revealed suppression of photosystem genes and induction of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway genes. Cultivar-specific responses included differential regulation of defence-related genes such as PR-3, RLP35, JOX4, and CYP81F3. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR validated the host transcriptomic dataset with up-regulation after fungal infection in both cultivars of two pathogenesis-related genes, PR-4 and PR-5.CONCLUSIONThis study provides novel insights into the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of a European A. brassicae isolate and its interaction with B. juncea. The findings highlight conserved and divergent pathogenicity mechanisms and host responses, offering a foundation for future resistance breeding and functional studies in Brassicaceae crops. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

背景：油菜互花孢菌是一种引起芸苔科作物灰斑病的坏死性真菌。虽然以前的基因组研究集中在印度分离株上，但欧洲分离株中宿主-病原体相互作用的分子基础仍未得到探索。结果利用PacBio和Illumina平台对英国一株芸芥（a . brassicae）分离物（AA1/5）进行了基因组测序，获得了32.6 Mb的基因组序列，预测基因7228个。与印度J3分离株的比较分析表明，基因组存在差异，包括a1 /5中重复元件和分泌蛋白较少。AA1/5和两个芥菜品种（Sej-2(2)和Pusa Jaikisan）的双rna测序分析发现，涉及碳水化合物代谢、细胞壁降解和内吞作用的真菌基因表达存在差异。宿主转录组学揭示了光系统基因的抑制和氧化戊糖磷酸途径基因的诱导。品种特异性反应包括防御相关基因如PR-3、RLP35、JOX4和CYP81F3的差异调控。定量逆转录- pcr验证了真菌感染后两个品种的两个致病相关基因PR-4和PR-5的转录组数据上调。结论本研究为了解欧洲一株芸苔科分离株的基因组和转录组学特征及其与芥菜芽孢杆菌的相互作用提供了新的视角。这些发现突出了油菜科作物保守的和不同的致病性机制和寄主反应，为今后的抗性育种和功能研究奠定了基础。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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引用次数: 0

A new method to measure EC50 reveals cultivar-specific fungicide resistance and very high diversity within experimental field populations of Zymoseptoria tritici. 一种新的测定EC50的方法揭示了小麦酵母（Zymoseptoria tritici）田间实验群体对不同品种的杀菌剂具有抗性，且具有很高的多样性。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70483

Firas Talas,Jessica Stapley,Bruce A McDonald

BACKGROUNDZymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB), the most damaging wheat disease in Europe. In Europe, STB is controlled mainly by fungicides and fungicide resistance is frequently reported. Although fungicide resistance is thought to emerge mainly from standing genetic variation within field populations of Z. tritici, few studies have attempted to quantify the degree of fungicide resistance occurring at the field scale and to measure changes in the frequencies of resistant strains following fungicide applications during a single growing season. Even fewer studies have considered the effects of different wheat cultivars on the emergence of fungicide resistance. We developed a new high-throughput method based on resazurin dye and image analysis to measure the effective concentration of a fungicide that reduces growth by 50% (EC50) values and applied it to 1005 strains of Z. tritici sampled at two time points from 17 different wheat cultivars growing in a replicated field experiment. The experimental field was treated with combinations of five different active ingredients at three times during the growing season.RESULTSWe found that field populations of Z. tritici can maintain a very high diversity in fungicide sensitivity phenotypes despite three fungicide treatments, with as much diversity found within a single field during a single growing season as has been described across all of Europe over several years. We discovered that wheat cultivars that were more resistant to STB tended to be colonized by Z. tritici strains that exhibited higher fungicide resistance. We also found that specific wheat cultivars selected for resistance to specific active ingredients, providing the first direct support for the existence of significant host-fungicide-pathogen interactions.CONCLUSIONOverall, our findings illustrate the many challenges associated with designing fungicide treatment programs that aim to reduce selection for fungicide resistance when confronted with a pathogen like Z. tritici that has a very high evolutionary potential. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

背景小麦酵母菌引起小麦黑斑病（STB），这是欧洲最具破坏性的小麦病害。在欧洲，STB主要由杀菌剂控制，并且经常报道杀菌剂耐药性。虽然人们认为杀菌剂抗性主要来自田间小麦偃麦草种群的遗传变异，但很少有研究试图量化田间规模上发生的杀菌剂抗性程度，并测量在单个生长季节施用杀菌剂后抗性菌株频率的变化。甚至很少有研究考虑不同小麦品种对杀菌剂抗性产生的影响。本研究建立了一种基于reazurin染料和图像分析的高通量方法，测定了一种抑制50%生长的杀菌剂（EC50）的有效浓度，并在重复大田试验中，对17个不同小麦品种的1005株小麦偃麦草（Z. tritici）在两个时间点取样。试验田在生长季节分三次施用五种不同活性成分的组合处理。结果我们发现，尽管施用了三种杀菌剂，小麦偃麦草田间种群在杀菌剂敏感性表型上仍能保持非常高的多样性，在单个生长季节，单个田间种群的多样性与欧洲多年来所描述的一样多。我们发现，对STB抗性较强的小麦品种往往被具有较高杀菌剂抗性的小麦Z. tritici菌株定殖。我们还发现，特定的小麦品种对特定活性成分具有抗性，这为存在显著的宿主-杀菌剂-病原体相互作用提供了第一个直接支持。总的来说，我们的研究结果说明了在设计杀菌剂治疗方案时面临的许多挑战，这些方案旨在减少对杀菌剂抗性的选择，当面对具有非常高的进化潜力的病原体时。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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引用次数: 0

Rain-fast octylamine-dopamine-grafted alginate film controls wheat powdery mildew and halves triadimefon usage. 抗雨辛胺-多巴胺接枝海藻酸盐膜防治小麦白粉病，并使三苯二酮用量减半。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70567

Congying Xu,Yu Zhang,Min Hu,Ye Yang,Meng Wang,Shanying Zhang,Xiaoyu Liang

BACKGROUNDFungicide resistance in Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and on-target deposition below 30% undermine wheat powdery mildew control. A durable, rain-fast foliar film that intercepts early infection can synergize with fungicides to reduce chemical inputs and environmental loss. This study therefore developed and assessed a dual-functional alginate coating that combines hydrophobic anchoring with mussel-mimetic adhesion to extend leaf coverage, restrict the pathogen and reduce triadimefon use.RESULTSOctylamine and dopamine were grafted onto sodium alginate to produce a self-filming coating (SDO). At ≥0.2% (w/v) SDO covered >75% of the leaf surface and significantly reduced conidial germination and colony formation. In pot assays, 0.2% SDO alone provided >55% protective and curative efficacy. Formulating half-dose triadimefon (100 mg L-1) in 0.2% SDO (Tri@SDO) raised control to 78.8% (protective) and 87.7% (curative), matching the full commercial dose. After simulated rainfall, Tri@SDO retained 72.3% efficacy versus 57.8% for the fungicide alone. Seed germination exceeded 96%, and no phytotoxic effects were detected in seedlings.CONCLUSIONThe dual-functional alginate coating forms a persistent physical barrier and synergises with triadimefon, providing full disease control with 50% less fungicide and superior rainfastness. This approach offers a practical means to mitigate fungicide resistance and environmental dissipation, advancing sustainable management of wheat powdery mildew. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景小麦蓝灰菌对杀菌剂的抗性和靶量低于30%不利于小麦白粉病的防治。一种耐用、防雨的叶面膜可以阻断早期感染，并与杀菌剂协同作用，减少化学投入和环境损失。因此，本研究开发并评估了一种双功能海藻酸盐涂层，该涂层结合了疏水锚定和模仿贻贝的粘附，以扩大叶片覆盖，限制病原体并减少三聚氰胺的使用。结果将soctylamine和多巴胺接枝到海藻酸钠上制备了自膜涂层（SDO）。当浓度≥0.2% （w/v）时，SDO覆盖了约75%的叶片表面，显著降低了分生孢子的萌发和菌落的形成。在盆栽试验中，0.2% SDO单独提供约55%的保护和治疗效果。在0.2% SDO （Tri@SDO）中配制半剂量triadimeon (100 mg L-1)，将控制率提高到78.8%（保护性）和87.7%（治疗性），与全部商业剂量相匹配。模拟降雨后，Tri@SDO的药效为72.3%，而单独使用杀菌剂的药效为57.8%。种子发芽率超过96%，幼苗无植物毒性作用。结论双功能海藻酸盐包衣可形成持久的物理屏障，并与三唑美酮协同作用，可减少50%的杀菌剂，并具有较好的耐雨性。该方法为减轻小麦白粉病对杀菌剂的抗性和环境耗散提供了切实可行的手段，促进了小麦白粉病的可持续管理。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

From flower buds to bolls: how cotton reproductive structures shape boll weevil development, reproduction and survival 从花蕾到棉铃：棉花生殖结构如何影响棉铃象鼻虫的发育、繁殖和生存

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70574

Roberta Ramos Coelho, Guilherme Gomes Rolim, Franklin Magliano da Cunha, Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira, José Dijair Antonino, Jorge Braz Torres

The cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis grandis is a major pest in tropical and subtropical cotton crops, where its management relies heavily on insecticide applications. Despite that, the physiological mechanisms enabling survival and reproduction in the tropical off-season remain poorly understood. This study examined host usage, and physiological pathways linking nutrition and reproduction in boll weevils, and how larval and adult food sources affect development, survival and reproduction.

大棉铃象鼻虫是热带和亚热带棉花作物的主要害虫，其管理严重依赖于杀虫剂的使用。尽管如此，在热带淡季中生存和繁殖的生理机制仍然知之甚少。本研究考察了棉铃象鼻虫的寄主使用情况、营养与繁殖之间的生理途径，以及幼虫和成虫的食物来源如何影响发育、生存和繁殖。

引用次数: 0

Advancing towards a sustainable green management system (SGMS) for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius: a synthesis of traditional knowledge and modern innovations 红薯象鼻虫Cylas formicarius朝着可持续绿色管理系统（SGMS）迈进：传统知识和现代创新的综合

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70556

Jinfeng Hua, Yanqing Li, Zongyun Li, Daifu Ma, Shuyan He, Chao Li, Myron P Zalucki, Yulin Gao

Cylas formicarius, the sweet potato weevil (SPW), is an important invasive pest of sweet potato crops, causing great economic losses to the production of sweet potatoes worldwide. Despite extensive reviews on C. formicarius, a critical synthesis integrating modern ecological insights (notably genomic adaptation and climate-driven range expansion) into a practical, sustainable management framework remains notably absent. This review addresses this gap by introducing the sustainable green management system (SGMS) as a unifying framework for research and implementation. We first synthesize advances in C. formicarius invasion biology, chemical ecology, and molecular foundations that explain its escalating global pest status. We subsequently critique current management strategies, demonstrating that persistent over-reliance on chemical insecticides is untenable, while biological and ecological approaches remain underexploited. Central to our work is the SGMS framework, which prioritizes biological control and ecological regulation, augmented by real-time monitoring and targeted interventions, reserving chemical methods for emergencies. By transcending tactical listings toward an integrated system, this review provides a definitive roadmap for sustainable, green management of this formidable pest. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

甘薯象鼻虫（Cylas formicarius）是一种重要的甘薯入侵害虫，给世界范围内的甘薯生产造成了巨大的经济损失。尽管对弓形虫进行了广泛的综述，但将现代生态学见解（特别是基因组适应和气候驱动的范围扩张）整合到实际的可持续管理框架中的关键综合仍然明显缺乏。本综述通过引入可持续绿色管理系统（SGMS）作为研究和实施的统一框架来解决这一差距。首先，我们综合了蚁螨入侵生物学、化学生态学和分子基础方面的研究进展，解释了蚁螨在全球害虫地位的上升。我们随后批评了当前的管理策略，表明持续过度依赖化学杀虫剂是站不住脚的，而生物和生态方法仍未得到充分利用。我们工作的核心是SGMS框架，该框架优先考虑生物控制和生态调节，辅以实时监测和有针对性的干预，为紧急情况保留化学方法。通过超越战术清单走向综合系统，本综述为这种可怕害虫的可持续、绿色管理提供了明确的路线图。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and in planta tolerance of a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). 一种来自色链霉菌A3的磷脂-丙氨酸乙酰转移酶的鉴定及其在植物中的耐受性(2)。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70572

Justin M Lira,Samantha L Griffin,Jonathan P DiNitto,Kiheon Baek,Kevin McGregor

BACKGROUNDPhosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase enzymes have been utilized extensively in genetically modified crops to confer herbicide resistance. These include the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) and bialaphos resistance (Bar) proteins identified in Streptomyces viridochromogenes and Streptomyces hygroscopicus, respectively. The proteins have been shown to confer high levels of in planta tolerance to glufosinate-containing herbicide formulations in a variety of commercial applications.RESULTSA new enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was identified with low levels of homology (30% and 28%, respectively) to the previously characterized PAT and Bar enzymes. The gene coding for this protein was initially identified from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (accession AAA26705), conferring bialaphos resistance. This trait now designated Dow Selectable Marker (DSM-2) had not been previously characterized with respect to providing commercially relevant levels of herbicide resistance. In vitro enzyme kinetic data shows that DSM-2 has lower catalytic efficiency (catalytic constant/Michaelis constant or kcat/Km) for acetylating phosphinothricin than PAT.CONCLUSIONHere we show for the first time that when the DSM-2 trait is transgenically overexpressed in soybean and corn plants, it provides a similar level of herbicide tolerance as other previously characterized PAT or Bar enzymes. Protein structure modeling also supports the conclusion that DSM-2 is in the same protein family as PAT and Bar. As such, although DSM-2 shares little homology from a primary protein sequence standpoint, the trait is still a viable alternative for use in commercial herbicide tolerance programs. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

膦-丙氨酸n -乙酰转移酶已被广泛应用于转基因作物中，以赋予其抗除草剂能力。其中包括在病毒色链霉菌和吸湿链霉菌中分别鉴定出的磷-丙氨酸n -乙酰转移酶（PAT）和双磷抗性（Bar）蛋白。在各种商业应用中，这些蛋白质已被证明赋予植物对含草铵膦除草剂配方的高水平耐受性。结果该酶与先前鉴定的PAT酶和Bar酶同源性较低（分别为30%和28%）。该蛋白的基因编码最初是从国家生物技术信息中心数据库（检索号AAA26705）中鉴定出来的，具有双磷抗性。这一性状现在被指定为陶氏可选择标记（DSM-2），以前在提供商业相关的抗除草剂水平方面没有被描述。体外酶动力学数据表明，与PAT相比，DSM-2对乙酰化卵磷脂的催化效率（催化常数/Michaelis常数或kcat/Km）较低。本研究首次表明，当DSM-2性状在大豆和玉米植物中转基因过表达时，它提供了与其他先前表征的PAT或Bar酶相似的除草剂耐受性水平。蛋白质结构模型也支持DSM-2与PAT和Bar属于同一蛋白家族的结论。因此，尽管从初级蛋白序列的角度来看，DSM-2几乎没有同源性，但该性状仍然是商业除草剂耐受性项目的可行替代方案。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Early detection of banana fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense using hyperspectral with a metric learning strategy. 基于度量学习策略的高光谱法早期检测香蕉枯萎病。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70561

Hao-Tian Yuan,Jie-Li Duan,Wei-Gui Ke,Shu-Jie Feng,Chao-Wei Huang,Yin-Long Jiang,Dan-Dan Xiang,Zhou Yang

BACKGROUNDFusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4), poses a severe threat to global banana production. Early detection of this disease remains a major challenge, as infection is often widespread before visible symptoms appear. The identification of plants in the crucial asymptomatic stage is therefore paramount for effective control. To address this, we explored the potential of short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral sensing combined with deep metric learning for early-stage disease diagnosis.RESULTSBased on hyperspectral data acquired from inoculated banana plantlets, a two-stage genetic algorithm-Shapley additive explanation (GA-SHAP) strategy was employed for band selection, yielding a compact subset of physiologically meaningful spectral bands. A hyperspectral classification framework integrating a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with an improved metric learning loss function was then developed to enhance sensitivity to subtle infection-induced changes. The proposed method achieved an average classification accuracy of 85.73% using only six selected bands. Crucially, the framework demonstrated exceptional early detection capability, achieving a diagnostic sensitivity exceeding 90%. Furthermore, spectral variations and underlying physiological mechanisms associated with Foc infection were analyzed, providing insights for scalable remote sensing applications.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that the integration of band selection and metric learning enables accurate and efficient early detection of Foc-induced banana wilt. The proposed framework not only offers a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of this devastating disease but also holds great promise for monitoring other plant-pathogen systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

香蕉枯萎病（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4, Foc TR4）是香蕉枯萎病的主要病原菌，对全球香蕉生产构成严重威胁。早期发现这种疾病仍然是一项重大挑战，因为感染往往在出现明显症状之前就已广泛传播。因此，鉴定处于关键无症状阶段的植物对于有效控制至关重要。为了解决这个问题，我们探索了短波红外（SWIR）高光谱传感结合深度度量学习在早期疾病诊断中的潜力。结果基于接种香蕉植株的高光谱数据，采用两阶段遗传算法- shapley加性解释（GA-SHAP）策略进行波段选择，得到了一个紧凑的具有生理意义的光谱波段子集。然后开发了将一维卷积神经网络（1D-CNN）与改进的度量学习损失函数集成在一起的高光谱分类框架，以提高对细微感染引起的变化的敏感性。该方法仅选取6个波段，平均分类准确率达到85.73%。至关重要的是，该框架表现出了卓越的早期检测能力，实现了超过90%的诊断灵敏度。此外，还分析了与Foc感染相关的光谱变化和潜在生理机制，为可扩展的遥感应用提供了见解。结论将波段选择与度量学习相结合，可以准确、高效地早期检测香蕉枯萎病。提出的框架不仅为这种毁灭性疾病的早期诊断提供了强有力的工具，而且对监测其他植物病原体系统也有很大的希望。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal flavonoid pathways associated with the resistance of passion fruit to Fusarium solani-melongenae. 转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了类黄酮途径与百香果对茄黑镰刀菌的抗性有关。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70500

Lujie Wang,Junmei Jiang,Nuo Zhang,Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo,Nisar Uddin,Chunyi Shu,Ye Wang,Xiuqin Long,Xiaoying Zhang,Xiangyang Li,Haifei Mou,Weihua Huang,Fengquan Liu,Yingjun Zhang,Zhimin Lin,Xin Xie

BACKGROUNDFusarium solani-melongenae-induced stem rot poses a significant threat to passion fruit production. Therefore, the identification of resistant germplasm and disease resistance mechanisms is essential for enhancing disease management strategies. However, resistance mechanisms in passion fruit remain poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to systematically assess the core resistance mechanisms of passion fruit to stem rot using multi-omics approaches and gene functional validation by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).RESULTSAfter screening 11 passion fruit varieties, we identified DN-2 as resistant and Mantianxing (MTX) as a highly susceptible variety, with lesion length in MTX being 2.9 times greater than in DN-2 at 9 days post-inoculation (dpi). Besides, DN-2 maintained superior photosynthetic performance compared to MTX. Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that the resistance of DN-2 reflected a robust early antioxidant enzyme response and a marked activation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Notably, silencing three key flavonoid genes (Pe4CL9, PeANR1, and PeFLS5) significantly compromised resistance by increasing lesion lengths by 2.0-, 1.6-, and 1.3-fold, respectively, confirming that these genes positively regulate resistance to stem rot.CONCLUSIONThe flavonoid biosynthesis pathway serves as a key pathway underlying passion fruit resistance to F. solani-melongenae stem rot. The identification of the resistance genes Pe4CL9, PeANR1, and PeFLS5 provides molecular targets for breeding resistant cultivars, thereby improving the sustainable development of passion fruit production. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景茄黑镰刀菌（fusarium solani-melongenae）引起的茎腐病对百香果的生产造成严重威胁。因此，鉴定抗病种质和抗病机制对加强疾病管理策略至关重要。然而，百香果的抗性机制仍然知之甚少。因此，在本研究中，我们旨在利用多组学方法和病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）的基因功能验证，系统地评估百香果对茎腐病的核心抗性机制。结果筛选11个百香果品种，发现DN-2为抗性品种，满天星（MTX）为高感品种，接种后9 d， MTX的病斑长度是DN-2的2.9倍。此外，DN-2的光合性能优于MTX。生理、转录组学和代谢组学分析表明，DN-2的抗性反映了强大的早期抗氧化酶反应和黄酮类生物合成途径的显著激活。值得注意的是，三个关键的类黄酮基因（Pe4CL9、peflr1和PeFLS5）的沉默显著降低了抗性，损伤长度分别增加了2.0倍、1.6倍和1.3倍，证实了这些基因正调控了西番莲对茎腐病的抗性。结论类黄酮生物合成途径是西番莲对茄黑霉茎腐病抗性的关键途径。PeFLS5为抗性品种的选育提供分子靶点，从而促进百香果生产的可持续发展。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel particles for Pretilachlor delivery: ensuring sustained release and environmental safety in rice weed control. 羧甲基壳聚糖水凝胶给药：保证水稻杂草缓释和环境安全。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70537

Tianzhen Jiang,Zhen Li,Yifei Tan,Qianwei Liang,Wei Deng,Shuzhong Yuan,Jianguo Feng

BACKGROUNDPretilachlor (PR), a pre-emergence herbicide crucial for rice weed management, is prone to rapid degradation and poses significant environmental risks, necessitating frequent applications. This study aims to develop an environmentally friendly carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/Cu2+ hydrogel delivery system that provides controlled release, enhances application efficacy, and mitigates ecological impacts while utilizing biowaste-derived materials.RESULTSCMCS hydrogel particles crosslinked via Cu2+ coordination achieved a PR loading capacity (LC) of 13.70 ± 0.32%. The system displayed pH-responsive behavior with maximum swelling (429%) at pH 8, enabling sustained PR release (51.2% over 80 h) and rapid biodegradation (83.9% mass loss within 7 days). At an agronomically relevant dosage of 500 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha-1, the hydrogel formulation provided effective Echinochloa crus-galli control comparable to commercial standards while eliminating rice phytotoxicity. Ecotoxicity assessments revealed significantly reduced environmental risks, with LC50 values of 0.60 mg L-1 for Danio rerio (1.7-fold safer than emulsifiable concentrate (EC)) and >1600 mg kg-1 for Eisenia fetida.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing CMCS/Cu2+ hydrogel particles as a controlled-release delivery system for PR in rice cultivation. The developed formulation provides sustained herbicide release aligned with early weed growth stages, reduced non-target toxicity, and enhanced biodegradability compared to conventional formulations. While further field validation is needed, this approach offers a promising foundation for developing more environmentally compatible pesticide delivery systems that could potentially reduce application frequency and environmental loading in rice production. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景草胺（PR）是一种对水稻杂草管理至关重要的出苗前除草剂，其易迅速降解并具有重大的环境风险，需要频繁使用。本研究旨在开发一种环境友好型羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)/Cu2+水凝胶递送系统，该系统在利用生物废物衍生材料的同时，具有控释、提高应用效果和减轻生态影响的特点。结果经Cu2+配位交联的scmcs水凝胶颗粒的PR负载量（LC）为13.70±0.32%。该体系在pH值为8时表现出pH响应行为，最大溶胀率为429%，能够在80 h内持续释放51.2%的PR，并在7天内快速生物降解83.9%的质量损失。在与农学相关的500 g a.i.（活性成分）ha-1的剂量下，水凝胶配方提供了与商业标准相当的有效的紫锥藻交叉鸡耳病防治，同时消除了水稻的植物毒性。生态毒性评估显示，环境风险显著降低，乳化菌的LC50值为0.60 mg L-1（比乳化菌安全1.7倍），肥天Eisenia fetida的LC50值为1600 mg kg-1。结论CMCS/Cu2+水凝胶颗粒作为水稻PR控释系统的可行性。与传统配方相比，开发的配方提供了与早期杂草生长阶段一致的持续除草剂释放，降低了非目标毒性，并增强了生物降解性。虽然需要进一步的田间验证，但这种方法为开发更环保的农药输送系统提供了一个有希望的基础，该系统可能会减少水稻生产中的施用频率和环境负荷。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive investigation of the effect of thyme oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on aphid-mediated transmission of potato virus Y 百里香油负载壳聚糖纳米颗粒对马铃薯Y病毒蚜虫传播影响的综合研究

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70530

Muhammet Ekemen, Çiğdem Ulubaş Serçe

Sustainable nanotechnology, particularly chitosan (CS)-based biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs), offers an eco-friendly delivery system compared to conventional techniques. Potato virus Y (PVY) causes severe potato yield losses and reduces tuber quality. Its control is challenging owing to nonpersistent aphid transmission, especially by Myzus persicae, the most efficient vector. Chemical insecticides lead to environmental pollution, health risks, and resistance, highlighting the need for alternatives. This study assessed pure CS, thyme essential oil (TEO)-loaded CS, CS-lecithin (LH) encapsulated TEO, and TEO alone for their ability to block PVY transmission by M. persicae. To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have examined the CS + LH + TEO formulation's effect on aphid-mediated PVY transmission.

与传统技术相比，可持续的纳米技术，特别是基于壳聚糖（CS）的可生物降解纳米粒子（NPs），提供了一种生态友好的输送系统。马铃薯Y型病毒（PVY）造成严重的马铃薯产量损失并降低块茎品质。由于非持续性蚜虫传播，特别是最有效的媒介——桃蚜传播，其控制具有挑战性。化学杀虫剂会导致环境污染、健康风险和抗药性，因此需要替代品。本研究评估了纯CS、百里香精油（TEO）负载的CS、CS-卵磷脂（LH）封装的TEO和单独TEO阻断桃蚜传播PVY的能力。据我们所知，之前没有研究检验过CS + LH + TEO配方对蚜虫介导的PVY传播的影响。

引用次数: 0