Pest Management Science最新文献_第6页

The role of Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway on the antifungal activity of Murrayone against Botrytis cinerea. 钙调磷酸酶信号通路在Murrayone抗灰霉病活性中的作用。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70692

Yao Yu,Wanyun Zhu,Huiying Han,Xinru Li,Yiping Hou,Yuxin Zhou,Min Wei,Yiyun Qian,Min Yin,Yanqin Jiang,Pingping Song

BACKGROUNDBotrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in a wide range of crops, resulting in significant economic losses annually. Our preliminary studies demonstrated that Murrayone exhibited antifungal activity against various plant pathogens, including B. cinerea. However, its antifungal mechanism against B. cinerea remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway in the antifungal activity of Murrayone against B. cinerea.RESULTSMurrayone exhibited efficacy against B. cinerea in both in vitro and in vivo assays. It markedly reduced intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the mycelia. The antifungal activity of Murrayone was influenced by CaCl2, the calcium channel blocker verapamil, and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. Murrayone treatment significantly downregulated the expression of key genes (Bccch1, Bcmid1, BccnA, Bcpmc1, and Bcpmr1) in the Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway. Patch-clamp analysis suggested that Murrayone acted as a potential Ca2+ channel blocker.CONCLUSIONMurrayone significantly decreases the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis in B. cinerea. Its antifungal mechanism is linked to the Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway, potentially through acting as a calcium channel blocker. This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing Murrayone as a promising antifungal candidate and promotes its further application. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景灰霉菌在多种作物中引起严重的灰霉病，每年造成重大的经济损失。我们的初步研究表明，Murrayone对多种植物病原菌具有抗真菌活性，其中包括灰孢杆菌。然而，其抗灰葡萄球菌的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨Ca2+-钙调神经磷酸酶信号通路在Murrayone对灰霉病菌的抑菌活性中的作用。结果在体外和体内试验中均显示出对灰绿杆菌的抑制作用。它显著降低了菌丝细胞内Ca2+浓度。Murrayone的抗真菌活性受CaCl2、钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米和钙调磷酸酶抑制剂环孢素a的影响。Murrayone处理显著下调Ca2+-钙调磷酸酶信号通路中关键基因（Bccch1、Bcmid1、BccnA、Bcpmc1和Bcpmr1）的表达。膜片钳分析表明，Murrayone是一种潜在的Ca2+通道阻滞剂。结论murrayone可显著降低胞内Ca2+浓度，破坏胞内Ca2+稳态。其抗真菌机制与Ca2+-钙调磷酸酶信号通路有关，可能作为钙通道阻滞剂。该研究为开发Murrayone作为一种有前景的抗真菌候选药物提供了理论基础，并促进了其进一步的应用。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Cinnamic acid-hordenine hybrid derivatives as T3SS inhibitors against Dickeya spp. for soft rot disease control. 肉桂酸-hordenine杂化衍生物作为防治软腐病的T3SS抑制剂。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70712

Longhui Luo,Ningyu Huang,Di Zhu,Kai Wang,Weihan Gu,Zhongqiao Chen,Quan Zeng,Lian-Hui Zhang,Zi-Ning Cui

BACKGROUNDThe type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key virulence determinant in Dickeya species and is essential for successful host invasion and symptom development. To identify effective antivirulence agents, a series of novel hybrid molecules was designed and synthesized by linking cinnamic acid with hordenine. These compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the T3SS of Dickeya oryzae EC1 without impairing bacterial growth.RESULTSA total of 22 hybrid derivatives were synthesized. Among them, compound I-3 significantly reduced the promoter activity of the T3SS gene hrpA without inhibiting the growth of D. oryzae EC1. Mechanistic analyses revealed that compound I-3 effectively suppressed the EC1-triggered hypersensitive response in tobacco, down-regulated the expression of multiple T3SS-related genes, and inhibited the secretion of type III effector proteins. In planta assays further confirmed that compound I-3 attenuated the virulence of D. oryzae EC1 on rice and alleviated the disease symptoms caused by Dickeya dadantii 3937 in potato and Dickeya fangzhongdai CL3 in taro, indicating a broad-spectrum antivirulence activity.CONCLUSIONThis study identifies compound I-3 as a promising hybrid molecule that suppresses T3SS activity in D. oryzae EC1 and reduces the virulence of multiple Dickeya species across diverse host plants. These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the development of novel T3SS-targeting antivirulence agents to control soft rot diseases in crops. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景III型分泌系统（T3SS）是Dickeya物种的关键毒力决定因素，对成功入侵宿主和症状发展至关重要。为了鉴定有效的抗毒药物，将肉桂酸与hordenine结合，设计并合成了一系列新的杂化分子。这些化合物对Dickeya oryzae EC1的T3SS抑制能力进行了评估，而不损害细菌的生长。结果共合成了22个杂化衍生物。其中，化合物I-3显著降低了T3SS基因hrpA的启动子活性，但未抑制d.o ryzae EC1的生长。机制分析表明，化合物I-3能有效抑制ec1引发的烟草超敏反应，下调多个t3ss相关基因的表达，抑制III型效应蛋白的分泌。植物试验进一步证实，化合物I-3能减弱水稻稻瘟病菌EC1对水稻的毒力，并能缓解马铃薯薯蓣（Dickeya dadantii 3937）和芋头薯蓣（Dickeya fangzhongdai CL3）对水稻的致病症状，显示出广谱的抗毒活性。结论化合物I-3可抑制稻瘟病菌EC1中T3SS活性，降低稻瘟病菌对多种寄主植物的毒力。这些发现为开发新型靶向t3ss的抗毒剂防治作物软腐病提供了理论基础和实践指导。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity of aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. about Euphorbia heterophylla L. 巴拉圭冬青水提物的毒性研究。大戟（Euphorbia heterophylla L.）

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70701

Tamara Alberton da Silva,Ikram Bashir,Ana Caroline Giacomin,Jéssica Adriane Barth,Marina Chiapperin,Fabieli Zanotelli de Oliveira,Camila Thaís Scheibler,Fernanda Bruxel,Elisete Maria de Freitas

BACKGROUNDThe escalating challenge of herbicide-resistant weeds, exemplified by Euphorbia heterophylla L. (wild poinsettia), threatens agricultural sustainability in Brazil. Overreliance on synthetic herbicides has led to environmental degradation and increased production costs, necessitating eco-friendly alternatives.RESULTSThis study explores the phytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts (decoction and infusion) from Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. (yerba mate) as a bioherbicide against E. heterophylla. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified nine major compounds in aqueous extracts (decoction and infusion), with caffeine and neochlorogenic acid being the most abundant. In vitro assays demonstrated that both decoction and infusion extracts at concentrations 4% and 6% completely inhibited seed germination and seedling formation of E. heterophylla, with lower concentrations (2%) significantly reducing germination speed and increasing mean germination time. Glasshouse experiments revealed mild to moderate leaf damage (scales 2-3) from 4% extracts, without affecting height or true leaf emergence. Field trials indicated temporal stability in development, with extracts promoting slight biomass increases (root/shoot ratio) and modulating antioxidants and pigments (chlorophyll A, cholorphyll B, carotenoids), showing positive correlations with growth traits and less severity than glyphosate.CONCLUSIONAqueous extracts of I. paraguariensis exhibit strong allelopathic potential against E. heterophylla, particularly during germination, offering a biodegradable bioherbicide option for integrated pest management. While less toxic to mature plants, their selectivity and scalability warrant further field optimization to enhance sustainable agriculture, reducing environmental impacts and herbicide resistance. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

以野生一品红（Euphorbia heterophylla L.）为代表的抗除草剂杂草的威胁日益加剧，威胁着巴西农业的可持续性。对合成除草剂的过度依赖导致了环境恶化和生产成本的增加，因此需要环保替代品。结果研究了巴拉圭冬青水提液（煎液和浸剂）的植物毒性。马黛茶（yerba mate）作为一种生物除草剂。高效液相色谱法（HPLC）鉴定出九种主要化合物，其中咖啡因和新绿原酸含量最多。体外实验表明，4%和6%浓度的煎提液和浸提液均能完全抑制杂叶种子萌发和幼苗形成，较低浓度（2%）显著降低了杂叶种子的萌发速度，增加了平均萌发时间。温室试验显示，4%提取物对叶片有轻度至中度损害（鳞片2-3），但不影响叶片高度和真叶出芽。田间试验表明，植株发育具有时间稳定性，提取物可促进生物量（根冠比）的轻微增加，并可调节抗氧化剂和色素（叶绿素A、叶绿素B、类胡萝卜素），与植株生长性状呈正相关，且影响程度低于草甘膦。结论巴拉圭菊水提物对异叶蚜具有较强的化感作用，特别是在萌发阶段，为害虫综合治理提供了一种可生物降解的生物除草剂选择。虽然对成熟植物的毒性较小，但它们的选择性和可扩展性值得进一步优化，以增强可持续农业，减少环境影响和除草剂抗性。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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引用次数: 0

Involvement of FfP450s in the development and pathogenicity of Fusarium fujikuroi and the bio-control potential. ffp450参与藤黑镰刀菌的发生、致病性及其生物防治潜力。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70710

Xiaoyu Zhai,Yu Zhang,Daixing Dong,Yanxin Wang,Chuanqing Zhang

BACKGROUNDRice bakanae disease (RBD) is a seed-borne disease known for its excessive elongation of rice seedlings due to high gibberellic acid (GA) production by the causal pathogen, Fusarium fujikuroi. At present, fungicide seed treatment is the main control strategy against RBD, but F. fujikuroi has developed resistance to almost all fungicides applied in practice, namely carbendazim, prochloraz, and phenamacril. In this study, we constructed deletion mutants of four FfP450 genes involved in GA biosynthesis in F. fujikuroi, determined the role of FfP450s in growth, development, and pathogenicity of F. fujikuroi, and investigated the bio-control potential of these deletion mutants in RBD management.RESULTSNone of the four FfP450 genes were involved in mycelial growth or adaptation to environmental stress. However, a higher sporulation and germination but significantly decreased gibberellin A3 production were observed in the mutants. In addition, excessive rice seedling elongation was not triggered by the mutants. In co-inoculation experiments, the FfP450-2 and FfP450-4 deletion mutants were more competitive than wild-type F. fujikuroi. Treatment with these deletion mutants resulted in good protective efficacy against RBD.CONCLUSIONThe FfP450 genes were involved in the development, GA production, and pathogenicity of F. fujikuroi. ∆P450-2 and ∆P450-4 showed meaningful bio-control potential against RBD. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

稻bakanae病（RBD）是一种种子传播疾病，因病原菌Fusarium fujikuroi产生大量赤霉素酸（GA）而导致水稻幼苗过度伸长。目前，杀菌剂种子处理是防治RBD的主要策略，但fujikuroi对几乎所有实际应用的杀菌剂，即多菌灵、prochloraz和phenamacril都产生了抗性。在本研究中，我们构建了4个与赤霉病GA生物合成相关的FfP450基因缺失突变体，确定了FfP450基因在赤霉病生长发育和致病性中的作用，并研究了这些缺失突变体在RBD管理中的生物防治潜力。结果4个FfP450基因中没有一个参与菌丝生长或对环境胁迫的适应。然而，突变体的产孢率和发芽率较高，但赤霉素A3的产量显著降低。此外，水稻幼苗伸长也不是由突变体引起的。在共接种实验中，FfP450-2和FfP450-4缺失突变体比野生型fujikuroi F.更具竞争性。用这些缺失突变体治疗对RBD具有良好的保护作用。结论FfP450基因参与了藤黑弧菌的发育、GA的产生和致病性。∆P450-2和∆P450-4对RBD表现出有意义的生物防治潜力。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of novel 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives against Botrytis cinerea. 新型1,3,4-恶二唑衍生物的设计、合成及对葡萄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性研究。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70707

Feng Hao,Huawen Wang,Shuaixing Liu,Chuanjun Mao,Tianyi Zhu,Xianying Tang,Yinghui Lai,Qian Yin,Jiting Li,Zhongtao Ding,Le Cai

BACKGROUNDBotrytis cinerea, a highly destructive fungal pathogen with a broad host range, inflicts massive pre- and post-harvest losses on crops like tomatoes and blueberries, endangering global agricultural sustainability and food security. Escalating pesticide resistance reduces the efficacy of conventional fungicides, creating an urgent need for novel, efficient, low-toxicity antifungal agents. 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives possess diverse bioactivities, making them ideal candidates for development.RESULTSThirty novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were rationally designed via scaffold hopping and active substructure splicing. In vitro and in vivo assays showed compound R30 had the best antifungal activity, targeting lanosterol 14α-demethylase to inhibit ergosterol synthesis, disrupting cell membranes, and inducing hyphal deformation. It exhibits favorable ADME properties, low toxicity to HaCaT/HSF cells (IC50 > 200 μM).CONCLUSIONCompound R30 is a promising lead for efficient, low-toxicity antifungal pesticides against B. cinerea. This study validates the adopted design strategy, enriches the structural diversity of ergosterol synthesis inhibitors, and provides valuable insights for sustainable control of fungal diseases and pesticide resistance. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景灰葡萄孢是一种具有广泛寄主范围的高度破坏性真菌病原体，对番茄和蓝莓等作物造成巨大的收获前和收获后损失，危及全球农业可持续性和粮食安全。不断升级的农药耐药性降低了传统杀菌剂的功效，因此迫切需要新型、高效、低毒的抗真菌剂。1,3,4-恶二唑衍生物具有多种生物活性，是开发的理想选择。结果通过支架跳变和活性亚结构剪接，合理设计了30个新的1,3,4-恶二唑衍生物。体外和体内实验表明，化合物R30具有较好的抗真菌活性，其靶向羊毛甾醇14α-去甲基化酶抑制麦角甾醇合成，破坏细胞膜，诱导菌丝变形。具有良好的ADME性能，对HaCaT/HSF细胞毒性低（IC50 ~ 200 μM）。结论化合物R30是一种有前景的高效、低毒的抗真菌农药先导物。该研究验证了所采用的设计策略，丰富了麦角甾醇合成抑制剂的结构多样性，为真菌病害和农药抗性的可持续控制提供了有价值的见解。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Demographic, physiological, and transcriptomic responses of Fopius arisanus to sublethal beta-cypermethrin and thiamethoxam. 亚致死型高效氯氰菊酯和噻虫嗪对亚致死型红褐螯虾的人口统计学、生理学和转录组学反应。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70673

Jia Lin,Wensha Ding,Yuling Liang,Guoqing Yue,Jun Chen,Yunbo Song,Ying Li,Qinge Ji,Yongyue Lu

BACKGROUNDBeta-cypermethrin (BC) and thiamethoxam (TH) are widely applied insecticides in cover spray programs targeting tephritid pests, yet their sublethal effects on Fopius arisanus, a major fruit fly parasitoid, remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we evaluated the impacts of BC and TH on the demographics, detoxifying enzymes, nutrients, and transcriptome of F. arisanus.RESULTSOur results demonstrated that both insecticides exerted profound adverse impacts on the fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of F. arisanus adults. In the F1 generation, exposure to LC30 BC and TH significantly prolonged preadult duration, impaired preadult survival, and decreased fecundity, lifespan, APOP, R0, λ, and r. Nutritional analyses revealed a time-dependent depletion across all treatments, with all nutrients significantly diminished at 5 days post-exposure compared with the control. Concurrently, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 O-deethylation activities were markedly elevated under LC30 treatment relative to the control throughout 1-3 days post-exposure. Carboxylesterase (CarE) activity was significantly increased following LC30 BC exposure across all observation periods. In addition, lipid and carbohydrate levels were negatively correlated with CarE and GST activities at specific time points, indicating that the maintenance of detoxification occurred at the expense of nutrients. Regarding the transcriptome, 562 and 190 DEGs were identified in the BC versus control and TH versus control comparisons, respectively, with KEGG enrichment highlighting shared pathways in xenobiotic metabolism, including P450 and other enzymes.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that sublethal BC and TH compromises the fitness and ecological function of F. arisanus, underscoring the need for environmentally compatible pest management strategies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

高效氯氰菊酯（BC）和噻虫嗪（TH）是目前广泛应用于覆盖喷洒的两种杀虫剂，但其对主要的拟蝇类沙蚤的亚致死效果尚未得到充分研究。因此，我们评估了BC和TH对白僵菌种群特征、解毒酶、营养物质和转录组的影响。结果两种杀虫剂对天牛成虫的繁殖能力、寿命和产卵期均有明显的不利影响。在F1代中，暴露于LC30 BC和TH显著延长了成虫前期，损害了成虫前期存活率，降低了繁殖力、寿命、APOP、R0、λ和r。营养分析显示，所有处理都存在时间依赖性消耗，与对照组相比，暴露后5天所有营养物质都显著减少。同时，暴露后1-3天，LC30处理下的谷胱甘肽s转移酶（GST）和细胞色素P450 o -去甲基化活性明显高于对照组。在所有观察期间，LC30 BC暴露后羧酸酯酶（CarE）活性显著增加。此外，在特定时间点，脂质和碳水化合物水平与CarE和GST活性呈负相关，表明维持解毒是以牺牲营养为代价的。关于转录组，在BC与对照组和TH与对照组的比较中分别鉴定出562和190个deg， KEGG的富集突出了包括P450和其他酶在内的异种代谢的共同途径。结论亚致死BC和TH损害了天牛的适宜度和生态功能，需要采取环境相容的害虫治理策略。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Control of early blight caused by Alternaria solani using metal oxide nanostructures as direct antifungal agents and resistance inducers in potato plants. 金属氧化物纳米结构作为直接抗真菌剂和抗性诱导剂防治马铃薯早疫病

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70689

Ahmed Mohamed,Nehad El-Gammal,Warda Hussain,Ayman Omar,Mahmoud Abdelfatah,Abdelhamed Elshaer,Reda Omara,Hanaa Omar,Aly Derbalah

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of some nanostructures (Cu2O and TiO2) as resistance inducers and antifungal agents against Alternaria solani, which is responsible for early blight in potatoes. The induction of resistance by these nanostructures in potatoes was demonstrated by comparing the expression of defense genes and free amino acid content in treated and untreated plants. However, the direct antifungal activity of these nanostructures was evaluated by assessing their ability to inhibit Alternaria solani growth in vitro and reduce early blight severity in the field.RESULTSThe results revealed that the tested nanostructures demonstrated their high ability to inhibit the growth of Alternaria solani with inhibition percentages reaching 97% and 100% compared to the untreated control. Under field conditions, potato plants treated with the tested nanostructures showed a significant reduction in pathogen severity reaching 60% compared to the untreated control. The results of the stimulatory effect of the tested nanostructures showed a marked increase in the expression of defense and pathogen-associated genes (pathogen-associated protein 1b and 12-oxo-phytodiinoate reductase 3) in the treated compared to untreated plants. Furthermore, potato plants treated with the tested nanostructures exhibited a higher content of free amino acids compared to untreated control. Finally, the tested nanostructures significantly improved potato growth characteristics and yield compared to the untreated control.CONCLUSIONUsing these nanostructures may be a new strategy to manage this pathogen in potatoes, but more research should be done on their impact on humans and the environment. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

摘要本研究的目的是评价几种纳米结构（Cu2O和TiO2）作为抗性诱导剂和抗真菌剂对马铃薯早疫病的抗性诱导作用。通过比较处理和未处理植株的防御基因表达和游离氨基酸含量，证实了这些纳米结构诱导马铃薯的抗性。然而，这些纳米结构的直接抗真菌活性是通过评估它们在体外抑制茄疫病生长和降低田间早疫病严重程度的能力来评估的。结果与未处理对照相比，所制备的纳米结构具有较强的抑菌活性，抑菌率分别达到97%和100%。在田间条件下，与未经处理的对照相比，经纳米结构处理的马铃薯植株的病原菌严重程度显著降低了60%。结果显示，与未处理的植物相比，处理过的植物的防御和病原体相关基因（病原体相关蛋白1b和12-氧-植物二氨基酸还原酶3）的表达显著增加。此外，与未经处理的对照相比，经纳米结构处理的马铃薯植株显示出更高的游离氨基酸含量。最后，与未经处理的对照相比，测试的纳米结构显著改善了马铃薯的生长特性和产量。结论利用这些纳米结构可能是控制马铃薯病原菌的一种新策略，但对其对人类和环境的影响还有待进一步研究。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

A novel plant immune inducer esculetin activates systemic acquired resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum via the SA signaling pathway. 一种新的植物免疫诱导剂鸢尾花素通过SA信号通路激活对茄枯菌的系统性获得性抗性。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70699

Yao Zhang,Yuhang Zhang,Jixiu Li,Xiao Zhou,Chenran Zhao,Yue Qing,Shili Li,Hong Zhou,Liang Yang,Wei Ding

BACKGROUNDRalstonia solanacearum poses a severe threat to global agriculture due to its broad host range, high dispersal capacity, and limited chemical control options. Plant immune inducers provide an effective strategy for controlling bacterial wilt disease.RESULTSThis study demonstrated a natural-derived compound esculetin (ES) serves as a novel plant immune inducer against tobacco bacterial wilt. Foliar application of ES exhibits considerable control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt, with control efficacy is high as 45.41%-68.69%, significantly higher than positive control treatment-benzothiadiazole (BTH). ES activates systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by upregulating transcriptional level of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, enhancing defense-related enzyme activity and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Transcriptomic analyses reveal that ES induces expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, SA biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid pathway and brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, ES confers broad-spectrum resistance against other diseases like tobacco target spot, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), wildfire disease and tobacco black shank.CONCLUSIONThe study reveals a novel plant immunity inducer ES that confers broad-spectrum resistance against R. solanacearum by activating the SA-mediated SAR pathway, which provides a sustainable application of ES on bacterial wilt and other plant diseases in the future. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

茄灰霉寄主范围广、传播能力强、化学防治手段有限，对全球农业构成严重威胁。植物免疫诱导剂是防治青枯病的有效手段。结果证实了一种天然化合物esculetin （ES）可作为烟草青枯病的新型植物免疫诱导剂。叶面施用ES对烟草青枯病的防治效果显著，防治效果高达45.41% ~ 68.69%，显著高于阳性对照处理苯并噻二唑（BTH）。ES通过上调发病相关基因（PR）转录水平，诱导活性氧（ROS）爆发，增强防御相关酶活性和水杨酸（SA）积累，激活系统性获得性抗性（SAR）。转录组学分析显示，ES可诱导丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、SA生物合成途径、苯丙素途径和油菜素内酯生物合成途径的表达。此外，ES对烟草靶斑病、烟草花叶病毒（TMV）、野火病和烟草黑胫病具有广谱抗性。结论本研究发现了一种新的植物免疫诱导剂ES，该植物免疫诱导剂通过激活sa介导的SAR通路，对茄青霉具有广谱抗性，为ES在青枯病等植物病害的可持续应用提供了依据。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

A novel fluopyram-abamectin trunk-injection formulation: enhanced translocation and efficacy against pine wilt disease. 一种新型氟吡仑-阿维菌素树干注射制剂：增强易位和防治松材萎蔫病的功效。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70695

Can Yang,Dongzhen Li,Yongxia Li,Zhenkai Liu,Wei Zhang,Xiaojian Wen,Xuan Wang,Yuqian Feng,Wandong Yin,Yuhang Liu,Yuqiang Sang,Xingyao Zhang

BACKGROUNDThe pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a major quarantine pathogen causing pine wilt disease (PWD) and severe losses in pine forests across Asia and Europe. Trunk injection is a key control strategy, but field performance could be achieved by broadening injectable formulation options, incorporating complementary modes of action, and extending the practical application window to include the pine growth season. Therefore, developing new, highly effective trunk-injection formulations is an important step toward improving PWD management.RESULTSTo this purpose, we developed a novel trunk-injection agent, code-named 'Federal-3', as the focus of this investigation. It features a synergistic fluopyram-abamectin core that is innovatively enhanced with a small-molecule vaccine and a specialized adjuvant. Comprehensive evaluation demonstrated that Federal-3 formulations showed significantly higher nematicidal activity than the single-ingredient formulations. Penetration and translocation of the formulation were evaluated across four pine species under relatively low (7-10 °C) and relatively high (25-35 °C) temperature conditions. Federal-3 showed improved penetration efficiency under relatively high-temperature conditions, achieving complete absorption within 16 h under relatively high temperatures, translocation to treetops within 24 h, and uniform distribution throughout canopy within 30 days. In 3-year field trials, the Federal-3 formulation maintained effective residues.CONCLUSIONBy integrating a triple-action strategy of 'synergistic formulation, optimized translocation, and immune activation', Federal-3 improves penetration efficiency under relatively high temperatures and enables rapid uptake, efficient systemic movement, and sustained protection. This agent represents an efficient and reliable innovative solution, advancing PWD management towards proactive prevention and sustainable control. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）是造成亚洲和欧洲松林枯萎病（PWD）和严重损失的主要检疫性病原体。树干注入是一种关键的控制策略，但通过扩大注射配方选择，结合互补的作用模式，并将实际应用窗口扩大到包括松树生长季节，可以实现现场效果。因此，开发新的高效干式注入配方是改善PWD管理的重要一步。结果研制了一种新型的树干注射剂，代号为“Federal-3”，是本次研究的重点。它的特点是具有协同作用的氟吡喃-阿维菌素核心，创新地增强了小分子疫苗和专门的佐剂。综合评价表明，联邦-3配方的杀线虫活性显著高于单成分配方。在相对较低（7-10°C）和相对较高（25-35°C）的温度条件下，对四种松树的渗透和转运进行了评估。在相对高温条件下，Federal-3的渗透效率有所提高，在相对高温条件下，16 h内完全吸收，24 h内迁移到树梢，30天内均匀分布在冠层内。在为期3年的田间试验中，联邦-3配方保持了有效残留。通过整合“协同配方、优化转运和免疫激活”的三重作用策略，联邦-3在相对较高的温度下提高了渗透效率，实现了快速吸收、高效全身运动和持续保护。这是一种高效、可靠的创新解决方案，推动了PWD管理朝着主动预防和可持续控制的方向发展。©2026化学工业协会。

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Target-site and non-target-site mechanisms confer multiple herbicide resistance in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) accessions from Wisconsin. 靶点和非靶点机制赋予威斯康辛州水麻（Amaranthus tuberculatus）多种除草剂抗性。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70672

Felipe A Faleco,Isabel S Werle,Alexander J Lopez,Damilola A Raiyemo,Patrick J Tranel,Jed B Colquhoun,Mark J Renz,David E Stoltenberg,Rodrigo Werle

BACKGROUNDA preliminary screening identified a multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer, accession (A101) exhibiting resistance to 2,4-D and atrazine despite no prior exposure to these herbicides. Therefore, our objective was to characterize resistance to 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate, fomesafen, and mesotrione in A101, along with two additional multiple herbicide-resistant accessions (A75 and A103).RESULTSA101 exhibited low to medium levels of resistance to all five herbicides evaluated (ranging from 1.8-fold for mesotrione to 8.5-fold for fomesafen). Both A75 and A103 also had multiple resistance to glyphosate and atrazine, with A75 and A103 additionally resistant to 2,4-D and fomesafen, respectively. Amplification of EPSPS and the P106S substitution accounted for some of the glyphosate resistance, and some of the fomesafen resistance was explained by the G210 deletion in the target enzyme. Moreover, the use of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) inhibitors indicated that non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms also contribute to at least some of the resistance traits.CONCLUSIONMetabolic resistance to 2,4-D and atrazine suggests that the use of other herbicides may have contributed to the selection of enhanced P450s and GSTs activity in A101 accession. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P450s associated with atrazine resistance in A. tuberculatus globally. A101 is the first confirmed case of A. tuberculatus resistance to hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors in Wisconsin, exhibiting a low-level resistance likely associated with P450s and GSTs activity. Our results suggest the coexistence of target-site resistance and NTSR mechanisms associated with glyphosate resistance in A101. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

背景：初步筛选鉴定出一株多重抗除草剂水麻，Amaranthus tuberculatus （Moq.）Sauer，加入物（A101）表现出对2,4- d和阿特拉津的抗性，尽管之前没有接触过这些除草剂。因此，我们的目标是表征A101对2,4- d、阿特拉津、草甘膦、氟沙芬和美索三酮的抗性，以及另外两个多重除草剂抗性菌株（A75和A103）。结果tsa101对5种除草剂的抗性均为中低水平（对甲三酮的抗性为1.8倍，对氟沙芬的抗性为8.5倍）。A75和A103对草甘膦和阿特拉津也有多重抗性，A75和A103分别对2,4- d和氟沙芬有抗性。EPSPS的扩增和P106S的取代部分解释了其对草甘膦的抗性，部分原因是靶酶中G210的缺失。此外，细胞色素P450单加氧酶（P450）和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GSTs）抑制剂的使用表明，非靶点耐药（NTSR）机制也至少有助于部分耐药特性。结论对2,4- d和阿特拉津的代谢性抗性表明，其他除草剂的使用可能导致了A101植株p450和GSTs活性的增强。据我们所知，这是全球首次报道结核分枝杆菌中与阿特拉津耐药性相关的p450。A101是威斯康星州首例结核杆菌对羟苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶抑制剂耐药的确诊病例，表现出可能与p450和GSTs活性相关的低水平耐药。我们的研究结果表明，A101的靶位抗性和NTSR机制与草甘膦抗性共存。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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