Pest Management Science最新文献_第6页

Establishment and evaluation of two MIRA rapid detection methods for tomato chlorosis virus ( ToCV ) 番茄萎黄病毒两种MIRA快速检测方法的建立与评价

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70589

JunXia Shi, JiaJia Wang, WenQi Xie, LuXi Liu, XiaoBin Zheng, ChunPing Yang, HuaBao Chen, ZhaoHuan Lu, Cheng Yang, BaoLin Shao

BACKGROUND Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) represents a major threat to the tomato industry in China. Conventional Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT–qPCR) assays require expensive thermal cyclers and are poorly suited to on‐site screening in fields or at ports of entry. Here, two multi‐enzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) systems targeting the highly conserved minor capsid protein (CPm) region of ToCV were developed: (i) a basic MIRA–electrophoresis assay (B‐MIRA), and (ii) a fluorescent MIRA–real‐time assay (F‐MIRA). Primers/probes, reaction temperature, sensitivity and specificity were systematically optimized, and performance was validated with field samples. RESULTS The basic assay completed amplification at 41 °C within 30 min, generating a single 250 bp band; the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.78 × 10 −1 pg/μL. The fluorescent assay reached its endpoint in 20 min at 37 °C using the optimal primer/probe set F2/R1 + P (Ct = 12.4 ± 0.3 min); LOD was 2.78 × 10 −1 pg/μL. CONCLUSION The B‐MIRA and F‐MIRA assays developed in this study can reliably detect ToCV within 20 min with high sensitivity. Free of bulky instrumentation or professional laboratories, the protocols can be directly applied to seedling quarantine, field‐side early inspection and border control, offering an accurate and ready‐to‐use diagnostic tool for the green management of ToCV. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景番茄褪绿病毒（ToCV）是中国番茄产业面临的主要威胁。传统的逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测需要昂贵的热循环器，并且不适合在野外或入境口岸进行现场筛查。在这里，开发了两种针对ToCV高度保守的次要衣壳蛋白（CPm）区域的多酶等温快速扩增（MIRA）系统：(i)基本MIRA电泳测定（B‐MIRA）和（ii）荧光MIRA实时测定（F‐MIRA）。系统优化了引物/探针、反应温度、灵敏度和特异性，并通过现场样品进行了性能验证。结果基础实验在41°C条件下30 min内完成扩增，产生单个250 bp条带；检出限为2.78 × 10−1 pg/μL。采用最佳引物/探针组F2/R1 + P，在37℃条件下20 min达到荧光检测终点（Ct = 12.4±0.3 min）；LOD为2.78 × 10−1 pg/μL。结论本研究建立的B‐MIRA和F‐MIRA检测方法可在20分钟内可靠地检测出ToCV，灵敏度高。该方案不需要笨重的仪器或专业实验室，可直接应用于幼苗检疫、田间早期检验和边境控制，为ToCV的绿色管理提供了准确且随时可用的诊断工具。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Advances of isoindolinone scaffold in structural optimization and pharmacological mechanism for agrochemical potential. 异吲哚酮支架结构优化及农化电位药理机制研究进展。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70608

Chenhui Wang,Zhenren Yang,Yuewei Sun,Hongye Wang,Qingchun Huang

The isoindolinone scaffold serves as a vital pharmacophore in agrochemical innovation. It offers a solution to the limitations of conventional pesticides and supporting sustainable crop protection. The isoindolinone scaffold features structural properties as a hydrophobic aromatic ring, hydrogen-bonding domains, and electron-donating groups that enhance membrane permeability and target interaction. Its derivatives demonstrate broad and tunable bioactivity. Key advancements include their roles as insecticides, herbicides, antimicrobial agents, and plant growth regulators. This review outlines these developments to guide the design of effective and eco-friendly agrochemicals. Isoindolinone is a highly versatile scaffold for next-generation agrochemical development. Advancing its potential requires deeper mechanistic insights, scalable and cost-effective synthesis, and adherence to green chemistry principles. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

异吲哚酮支架在农药创新中具有重要的药效团作用。它为传统农药的局限性提供了解决方案，并支持可持续的作物保护。异吲哚酮支架具有疏水芳香环、氢键结构域和电子给体基团等结构特性，可增强膜通透性和靶相互作用。其衍生物表现出广泛和可调节的生物活性。主要进展包括它们作为杀虫剂、除草剂、抗菌剂和植物生长调节剂的作用。本文概述了这些发展，以指导设计有效和环保的农用化学品。异吲哚酮是一种用途广泛的新一代农化材料。提高其潜力需要更深入的机理见解，可扩展和具有成本效益的合成，并遵守绿色化学原则。©2026化学工业协会。

引用次数: 0

Influence of surfactant HLB values and commercial agricultural adjuvants on pesticide mimic penetration in plant leaves. 表面活性剂HLB值和商品农用助剂对农药模拟物在植物叶片渗透的影响。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70591

Begüm Demirkurt,Maarten Klein,Daniel Bonn

BACKGROUNDEffective pesticide action is crucial for optimizing efficacy and minimizing environmental impact, particularly with the increasing reliance on systemic pesticides. Adjuvants, including surfactants are commonly used to enhance penetration, but their performance depends on the physicochemical properties of both the pesticide and the surfactants used in the formulations. This study examines how surfactant hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values and commercial adjuvants affect pesticide penetration through plant cuticles.RESULTSWe first assessed the penetration of two fluorescent pesticide mimics, Rhodamine B (hydrophilic) and Nile Red (lipophilic), into spring onion leaves using confocal laser scanning microscopy. On this highly waxy leaf, high HLB surfactants significantly enhanced the penetration of Rhodamine B, while low HLB surfactants promoted Nile Red penetration. Surfactants with intermediate HLB values had minimal effect on either compound. Among seven commercial adjuvants tested, only Squall and Prolong significantly improved the penetration of both pesticide mimics. To evaluate the role of leaf surface properties, we extended adjuvant experiments to sugarbeet and potato leaves, which have higher surface polarity and roughness. On these leaves, both fluorescent pesticide mimic penetrations (in the absence of any additive) were higher, and multiple adjuvants presented enhanced penetration, in contrast to their limited performance on green onion.CONCLUSIONSurfactant polarity plays a key role in overcoming cuticular resistance on waxy, low-polarity leaves like green onion. On more permeable leaves, adjuvant performance is governed by surface characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring adjuvant selection to both pesticide polarity and crop-specific leaf properties. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

背景有效的农药作用对于优化药效和减少对环境的影响至关重要，特别是随着对系统农药的依赖日益增加。包括表面活性剂在内的佐剂通常用于增强渗透，但它们的性能取决于配方中使用的农药和表面活性剂的物理化学性质。本研究探讨了表面活性剂亲水性-亲脂性平衡（HLB）值和商业佐剂如何影响农药通过植物角质层的渗透。结果采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察了罗丹明B（亲水）和尼罗红（亲脂）两种荧光农药模拟物在葱叶中的渗透情况。在高蜡质叶片上，高HLB表面活性剂显著增强罗丹明B的渗透，而低HLB表面活性剂促进尼罗河红的渗透。具有中等HLB值的表面活性剂对两种化合物的影响都很小。在测试的7种商业佐剂中，只有Squall和extend显著提高了农药模拟物的渗透。为了评估叶片表面特性的作用，我们将佐剂实验扩展到表面极性和粗糙度较高的甜菜和马铃薯叶片。在这些叶子上，两种荧光农药模拟物的渗透（在没有任何添加剂的情况下）都更高，多种佐剂的渗透增强，与它们在葱上的有限表现形成对比。结论表面活性剂极性在青葱等蜡质低极性叶片克服角质层阻力中起关键作用。在渗透性较强的叶片上，助剂的性能由表面特性决定。这些发现强调了根据农药极性和作物特定叶片特性定制佐剂选择的重要性。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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引用次数: 0

POU transcription factor nubbin (HvNub) is required for the wing development and reproduction in the 28-spotted ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. 28斑瓢虫（Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata）的翅膀发育和繁殖需要POU转录因子结节蛋白（HvNub）。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70595

Mujuan Guo,Junna Liu,Zhaoyang Li,Yajie Wang,Xuguo Zhou,Youjun Zhang,Chunxiao Yang,Huipeng Pan

BACKGROUNDThe conserved POU-homeodomain transcription factor Nubbin (Nub) is essential for insect development. Given the agricultural impact of the 28-spotted ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, a major solanaceous crop pest, we characterized its nub ortholog (HvNub) and evaluated its potential for RNA interference (RNAi)-based control.RESULTSHvNub encodes a 485-amino acid protein with conserved homeodomain and POU-specific domains, phylogenetically clustering with coleopteran insects. Expression analysis revealed ubiquitous HvNub transcripts, peaking in eggs, and enriched in heads, ovaries and thoracic segments (T2/T3). RNAi silencing in larvae caused severe developmental defects: 55% mortality and 45% deformity by pupation, with 0% adult survival. Phenotypes included wing malformations, fluid accumulation and impaired melanization, linked to dysregulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone pathway genes (Hvshd, HvECR, HvUSP, HvE75, HvFtzF1) and Hvebony. Crucially, adult females subjected to RNAi exhibited atrophied ovaries, 60% reduced fecundity and near-complete loss of egg hatchability (0.9% versus 83% controls), and with unhatched eggs containing deformed larvae. This was associated with downregulation of HvVg and HvVgR, and embryonic transcriptome dysregulation affecting cell structure, binding, endocrine system and signal transduction.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate HvNub's critical roles in postembryonic development and female reproduction, establishing its high potential as an RNAi target for managing H. vigintioctopunctata. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

保守的pou同源结构域转录因子Nubbin （Nub）对昆虫发育至关重要。鉴于28斑瓢虫（Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata）是一种主要的茄类作物害虫，我们对其核同源物（HvNub）进行了鉴定，并评估了其基于RNA干扰（RNAi）的控制潜力。结果tshvnub编码一个485个氨基酸的蛋白，具有保守的同源结构域和特异结构域，在系统发育上与鞘翅目昆虫聚类。表达分析显示，HvNub转录本无处不在，在卵子中达到峰值，在头部、卵巢和胸椎段（T2/T3）富集。RNAi沉默的幼虫导致严重的发育缺陷：55%的死亡率和45%的化蛹畸形，0%的成虫存活率。表型包括翅膀畸形、液体积聚和黑素化受损，这与20-羟基脱皮激素途径基因（Hvshd、HvECR、HvUSP、HvE75、HvFtzF1）和Hvebony的失调有关。重要的是，受RNAi影响的成年雌性表现出卵巢萎缩，生殖力降低60%，卵的孵化能力几乎完全丧失（对照为0.9%，对照组为83%），未孵化的卵含有变形的幼虫。这与hvvvg和HvVgR下调以及胚胎转录组失调影响细胞结构、结合、内分泌系统和信号转导有关。我们的研究结果表明HvNub在胚胎后发育和雌性生殖中起着关键作用，这表明它有很高的潜力作为RNAi靶点来管理H. vigintioctopunctata。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Novel defensin-like antimicrobial peptides as promising targets for the control of Bactrocera dorsalis. 新的防御素样抗菌肽作为控制背小实蝇的有希望的靶点。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70588

Bingqin Xie,Chao Ye,Panfei Zuo,Zhangbiao Lin,Junchen Yi,Bo Song,Jinjun Wang,Wei Dou

BACKGROUNDBactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), a globally invasive agricultural pest, demonstrates remarkable adaptive resilience and invasive capacity. These traits are closely linked to its robust immune mechanisms, particularly through antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which directly combat microbial pathogens.RESULTSBased on a newly assembled B. dorsalis genome, we identified six novel defensin-like AMP genes, collectively designated BdDef-212s. We comprehensively characterized their structural features, spatiotemporal expression patterns, and functional roles in microbial defense and associated immune signaling pathways. Sequence validation confirmed their coding integrity, and motif analysis revealed conserved defensin-like structural signatures. Spatiotemporal expression profiling demonstrated dynamic, pathogen-responsive transcriptional induction of BdDef-212s across developmental stages and tissues. Notably, infections by distinct pathogens consistently upregulated BdDef-212s expression in B. dorsalis. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of BdDef-212.1052 significantly impaired immune responses during pathogen exposure. Furthermore, mechanistic exploration identified nuclear transcription factors BdRelish of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway and BdDif of the Toll pathway as key regulators of BdDef-212s. Intriguingly, cross-activation between these two factors was observed, suggesting a layered regulatory interplay fine-tuning defensin-like AMP expression in B. dorsalis.CONCLUSIONOur findings advance the understanding of dipteran AMPs, provide insights for novel antibiotic discovery and offer promising targets for the biological control of B. dorsalis. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景背小实蝇（双翅目：绢蝇科）是一种全球性的农业有害生物，具有很强的适应能力和入侵能力。这些特性与其强大的免疫机制密切相关，特别是通过直接对抗微生物病原体的抗菌肽（AMPs）。结果基于新组装的背芽孢杆菌基因组，我们鉴定了6个新的防御素样AMP基因，统称为BdDef-212s。我们全面表征了它们的结构特征、时空表达模式以及在微生物防御和相关免疫信号通路中的功能作用。序列验证证实了它们的编码完整性，基序分析显示了保守的防御蛋白样结构特征。时空表达谱显示，BdDef-212s在发育阶段和组织中具有动态、病原体响应性的转录诱导作用。值得注意的是，不同病原体的感染一致上调了BdDef-212s在背芽孢杆菌中的表达。RNA干扰（RNAi）介导的BdDef-212.1052沉默显著损害了病原体暴露期间的免疫反应。此外，机制探索发现免疫缺陷（Imd）途径的核转录因子bd津津和Toll途径的BdDif是BdDef-212s的关键调控因子。有趣的是，这两个因子之间的交叉激活被观察到，这表明一个分层的调节相互作用微调防御素样AMP在背孢杆菌中的表达。结论本研究结果促进了对双翅目抗菌肽的认识，为新抗生素的开发提供了新的思路，并为桃芽孢杆菌的生物防治提供了有希望的靶点。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Bibenzyls and flavone glycosides from Dendrobium nobile as potential plant-derived insecticides against Acyrthosiphon pisum and Sitobion avenae. 石斛联苯和黄酮类苷作为潜在的植物源性杀虫剂。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70592

Meng Yang,Zhi-You Hao,Xiao-Lan Wang,Zhi-Xia Liu,Chao-Yuan Xiao,Jun-Yang Zhang,Xu-Dong Ma,Xiao-Ke Zheng,Wei-Sheng Feng

BACKGROUNDPlant-derived natural product insecticides exhibit notable advantages over traditional chemical insecticides, including high target selectivity, enhanced biodegradability with no residual accumulation, and minimal environmental impact. These properties align with the developmental imperatives of green agriculture, establishing this field as a priority area in insecticide research and development.RESULTSPhenolic compounds are a crucial source of plant-derived insecticides. Twenty-four compounds, including two new bibenzyls, dendronosides A - B (1-2) and three novel flavone C-glycosides, dendronosides C - E (3-5) were isolated from Dendrobium nobile. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, ECD calculations, and HPLC characterization of acid-hydrolyzed and derivatized monosaccharides. The insecticidal activity of these compounds was evaluated against Acyrthosiphon pisum and Sitobion avenae. Compound 5 not only demonstrated notable oral toxicity against A. pisum, with an LC50 value of 181.6 μg mL-1, but also exhibited remarkable repellency against A. pisum, achieving a repellency index of 1.0 at 400 μg mL-1. In A. pisum exposed to compound 5, epidermal shrinkage and mouthpart retraction are the dominant toxic symptoms observed. The insecticidal activity of compound 5 is presumably attributable to its interference with the activities of chitinase and GST. Molecular docking analyses revealed that compound 5 binds tightly to OfChtI via multiple stable hydrogen bonds, indicative of a strong binding affinity between this compound and the target enzyme.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that flavone glycosides isolated from D. nobile, especially dendronoside E (5), hold great potential as candidates in developing plant-derived insecticidal lead compounds. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

与传统化学杀虫剂相比，植物源性天然产物杀虫剂具有显著的优势，包括高靶向选择性，增强的生物降解性，无残留积累，以及对环境的影响最小。这些特性与绿色农业的发展要求相一致，使该领域成为杀虫剂研究和开发的优先领域。结果酚类化合物是植物源性杀虫剂的重要来源。从石斛中分离到了24个化合物，包括两个新的联苯类化合物A - B（1-2）和三个新的黄酮C-苷类化合物C- E（3-5）。通过光谱数据分析、ECD计算以及酸水解和衍生单糖的高效液相色谱表征，阐明了它们的结构。测定了这些化合物的杀虫活性。化合物5不仅具有显著的口服毒性，LC50值为181.6 μg mL-1，而且具有显著的驱避作用，在400 μg mL-1时，其驱避指数为1.0。暴露于化合物5的雄蜂中，表皮收缩和口器收缩是主要的中毒症状。化合物5的杀虫活性可能与它干扰几丁质酶和GST活性有关。分子对接分析表明，化合物5通过多个稳定的氢键与OfChtI紧密结合，表明该化合物与靶酶具有较强的结合亲和力。结论从菝葜中分离得到的黄酮类苷类化合物，特别是树核苷E(5)，具有开发植物源性杀虫先导化合物的潜力。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Citral-amino-oligosaccharide Schiff base induces plant systemic acquired resistance against tobacco mosaic virus. 柠檬酸氨基寡糖席夫碱诱导植物对烟草花叶病毒的系统获得性抗性。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70559

Yue Jiang,Kaiyue Wang,Xiaoyu Pan,Yueyang Zhang,Hongbo Duan,Tianrun Zhao,Zhiqing Ma,Juntao Feng,Xiaoyun Zhou,Bin Lei,He Yan

BACKGROUNDChitosan oligosaccharide is the most extensively utilized elicitor in agricultural applications, demonstrating diverse biological activities. Its combination with other elicitors can enhance efficacy. However, challenges such as incompatibility with alkaline pesticides remain. Structural modification presents an effective strategy to address this limitation.RESULTIn this study, Citral-amino-oligosaccharide Schiff base (CAOS) was prepared and found to exhibit significant anti-TMV activity. Its protective, inactivation and curative activities (at 0.9 mg/L) reached 86.32%, 57.62%, and 49.52%, respectively, significantly outperforming the positive control, chitosan oligosaccharide. Investigation into its antiviral mechanism revealed that CAOS (0.9 mg/L) induced the overexpression of related defense enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, PAL) in tobacco, and upregulated the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, the key reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst gene RBOHB, and the chlorophyll synthesis-related gene POR1. Hypersensitive response (HR) results indicated the appearance of hypersensitive necrotic lesions after treatment with high concentrations of CAOS. Furthermore, CAOS induced resistance in crops against plant pathogenic fungal diseases.CONCLUSIONThis study is the first to report on the significant anti-TMV activity of CAOS. Its antiviral mechanism involves inducing the overexpression of disease resistance-related genes, triggering a ROS burst, activating the regulation of related defense enzymes, and consequently activating the plant's Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR), thereby enhancing the plant's disease resistance capability. CAOS is easily prepared, highly active, has a long duration of effect, and is broad-spectrum, demonstrating potential for development as a novel plant immune activator. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

低聚壳聚糖是农业应用最广泛的激发剂，具有多种生物活性。与其他激发剂联合使用可提高疗效。然而，与碱性农药不相容等挑战仍然存在。结构修改是解决这一限制的有效策略。结果本研究制备了柠檬酸氨基寡糖希夫碱（CAOS），并发现其具有明显的抗tmv活性。在0.9 mg/L时，其保护活性、失活活性和治疗活性分别达到86.32%、57.62%和49.52%，显著优于阳性对照低聚壳聚糖。对其抗病毒机制的研究发现，CAOS （0.9 mg/L）诱导烟草中相关防御酶（SOD、CAT、POD、PAL）过表达，并上调致病相关（PR）蛋白、关键活性氧（ROS）爆发基因RBOHB和叶绿素合成相关基因POR1的表达。超敏反应（HR）结果提示高浓度CAOS治疗后出现超敏性坏死灶。此外，CAOS还诱导了作物对植物病原真菌病害的抗性。结论本研究首次报道了黄芪多糖具有明显的抗tmv活性。其抗病毒机制包括诱导抗病相关基因过表达，引发ROS爆发，激活相关防御酶的调控，从而激活植物的系统性获得性抗性（Systemic Acquired Resistance， SAR），从而增强植物的抗病能力。CAOS具有制备简单、活性高、持续时间长、广谱等特点，具有开发开发新型植物免疫激活剂的潜力。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Tracking bait fate: reducing the 'unknowns' in baiting programs. 追踪鱼饵命运：减少鱼饵计划中的“未知因素”。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70479

Tracey Lee Kreplins

BACKGROUNDBaiting using poison is a commonly used tool for predator management for both conservation and agricultural outcomes in Australia. Previous research has used camera trapping to investigate what species consume baits and how baiting programs can change predator densities. However, there are limitations associated with the use of camera traps for bait uptake and identification of individual predators for density estimates. They can fail to detect animals and miss the exact moment of bait removal and thus bait fate.RESULTSHere we trial mini-transmitters inserted into baits, in addition to 60 camera traps, to determine the fate of baits in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. Toxic baits were deployed in the spring of 2021 for wild dog management. The number of 'unknown' outcomes of the deployed baits was reduced significantly compared to other bait fate camera trapping programs; 90% of baits had known fate outcomes in this trial. We found a single wild dog consumed a bait and wild dog density was reduced post-baiting. However, in some of the later sampling periods there was a lack of quality wild dog images for individual animal identification which could impact density estimates.CONCLUSIONThis trial demonstrated the current baiting program used in the Gascoyne region is likely to be an effective method of reducing wild dogs on the ground. Bait fate knowledge was improved by the use of mini transmitters. However, limitations with camera traps producing images of sufficient quality to identify individual animals potentially hindered wild dog density estimates. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景：在澳大利亚，为了保护和农业成果，使用毒药进行诱饵是一种常用的捕食者管理工具。以前的研究使用相机诱捕来调查哪些物种消耗诱饵以及诱饵程序如何改变捕食者的密度。然而，使用相机陷阱捕获饵料和识别个体捕食者进行密度估计存在局限性。他们可能无法发现动物，错过了移除诱饵的确切时刻，从而导致诱饵的命运。结果在西澳大利亚加斯科因地区，除了60个相机陷阱外，我们还试验了插入诱饵的微型发射器，以确定诱饵的命运。2021年春天，为了管理野狗，使用了有毒的诱饵。与其他诱饵命运相机诱捕计划相比，部署诱饵的“未知”结果的数量显着减少；在这个试验中，90%的诱饵已知命运结果。我们发现一只野狗消耗了一个诱饵，并且在诱饵后野狗密度降低。然而，在后来的一些采样期间，缺乏用于个体动物识别的高质量野狗图像，这可能会影响密度估计。结论目前在加斯科因地区使用的诱捕方案可能是减少野狗的有效方法。利用微型发射机提高了对饵料命运的认识。然而，相机陷阱产生足够质量的图像以识别单个动物的局限性可能阻碍了野狗密度的估计。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Piercing-sucking insect herbivory facilitates the transmission of Aspergillus flavus in soybean. 刺吸昆虫食草性有利于黄曲霉在大豆中的传播。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70586

Hong-Wei Shan,Yao-Ji Si,Zhong-Yan Wei,Zong-Tao Sun,Jian-Ping Chen,Jun-Min Li

BACKGROUNDAspergillus flavus is a significant fungal phytopathogen that causes aflatoxin contamination in crops, posing a major threat to food safety and agricultural productivity. Although primarily known as a soilborne pathogen, its efficient dispersal and infection pathways facilitated by insect vectors remain largely unknown. This research explores the contribution of a piercing-sucking insect, Riptortus pedestris (bean bug), to the transmission of A. flavus in soybean.RESULTSWe observed that the R. pedestris preferentially feeds on soybean pods and seeds. Importantly, seeds damaged by insect feeding were frequently infected by a fungal pathogen, which we isolated and identified as A. flavus. The insects efficiently acquired and retained A. flavus conidia on their stylets, with an acquisition efficiency of 95%. Consequently, soybean pods exposed to fungus-infected insects showed A. flavus infection rates of 16-33%. This fungal infection subsequently led to significant accumulation of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in the seeds. Furthermore, feeding on A. flavus-infected soybean seeds significantly increased mortality of R. pedestris. A. flavus also was observed growing on the bodies of dead bean bugs, suggesting a potential role for the insect in the fungus's colonization and dispersal.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide evidence that feeding behavior of the piercing-sucking bean bug facilitates the transmission of A. flavus in soybean, underscoring the crucial role of insect vectors in plant pathogen spread. Therefore, integrated pest and disease management strategies need to simultaneously consider the dual role of insects as both pests and fungal vectors, aiming to reduce aflatoxin contamination and improve soybean yield. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景黄曲霉是引起作物黄曲霉毒素污染的重要真菌植物病原体，对食品安全和农业生产力构成重大威胁。虽然主要被称为土壤传播的病原体，但其有效的传播和昆虫媒介促进的感染途径在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究探讨了一种刺吸昆虫——豆虫（Riptortus pestris）在大豆中传播黄曲霉的作用。结果褐飞蛾对豆荚和大豆种子有偏好。重要的是，被昆虫取食破坏的种子经常受到真菌病原体的感染，我们分离并鉴定为a . flavus。昆虫在花柱上获得和保留黄刺孢分生孢子的效率为95%。结果表明，黄曲霉侵染大豆豆荚的侵染率为16 ~ 33%。这种真菌感染随后导致种子中黄曲霉毒素B1和B2的显著积累。此外，取食黄曲霉侵染的大豆种子显著增加了步行鼠的死亡率。黄芽孢杆菌也被观察到在死豆虫的尸体上生长，这表明这种昆虫在真菌的定植和扩散中可能起着作用。结论刺吸豆蝽的取食行为有助于黄曲霉在大豆中的传播，说明昆虫媒介在植物病原菌传播中的重要作用。因此，综合病虫害管理策略需要同时考虑昆虫作为害虫和真菌媒介的双重作用，以减少黄曲霉毒素污染，提高大豆产量。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Delousing performance of ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) and lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus): seasonal consistency and the challenge of cryptic lice for lumpfish. 巴兰濑鱼（Labrus bergylta）和圆头鱼（Cyclopterus lumpus）的除虱效果：季节一致性和圆头鱼潜虱的挑战。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70582

Adam Jonathan Brooker,Andrew Davie,David Bassett,Sally Boyd,Hervé Migaud

BACKGROUNDCleaner fish play a crucial role in controlling caligid sea lice in Atlantic salmon aquaculture across the North Atlantic. However, their delousing performance varies due to multiple factors, including water temperature and cleaner fish size. Anecdotal reports of less-pigmented sea lice have raised concerns that these variants may emerge as a response to cleaner fish selection pressure. Given the high adaptation potential of sea lice and their resistance to chemical treatments, these colour variants could challenge cleaner fish delousing strategies. A series of tank experiments cohabiting lice-infected salmon with farmed cleaner fish investigated the effect of water temperature, hypopigmented 'cryptic' lice and the size of lumpfish on delousing. Delousing rates were calculated from changes in lice numbers over time.RESULTSBallan wrasse and lumpfish were both effective at delousing sea lice in Scottish summer and winter water temperatures with lice numbers significantly reduced after 4 days, showing that both species are effective delousers all year round. There was no significant difference in delousing between small (40 g) and large (80 g) lumpfish. Ballan wrasse were effective at delousing pigmented and cryptic lice but lumpfish were less effective at delousing cryptic lice, especially male lice.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the potential for year-round efficacy of cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture, although it is highly dependent on the health and welfare of cleaner fish in commercial conditions. It also tested for the first time delousing of cryptic lice under experimental conditions, and results indicate that they should be considered in sea lice management strategies involving lumpfish. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

背景在横跨北大西洋的大西洋鲑鱼养殖中，清洁鱼在控制硬质海虱方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，它们的除虱效果因多种因素而异，包括水温和清洁鱼的大小。关于较少色素的海虱的轶事报道引起了人们的关注，即这些变异可能是对清洁鱼类选择压力的反应。鉴于海虱的高适应潜力及其对化学处理的抗性，这些颜色变异可能会挑战清洁鱼的除虱策略。一系列的水箱实验将受虱子感染的鲑鱼与养殖的清洁鱼同居，研究水温、低色素的“隐性”虱子和块状鱼的大小对除虱的影响。除虱率是根据虱子数量随时间的变化来计算的。结果巴兰隆头鱼和斑鱼在苏格兰夏季和冬季水温下除虱效果均较好，4 d后虱数明显减少，表明二者全年均为有效除虱动物。小块鱼（40 g）和大块鱼（80 g）除虱效果无显著差异。巴兰濑鱼对色虱和隐虱的除虱效果较好，而斑鱼对隐虱的除虱效果较差，尤其是雄虱。结论本研究证明了清洁鱼在鲑鱼养殖中的全年功效潜力，尽管它高度依赖于商业条件下清洁鱼的健康和福利。并首次在实验条件下对隐虱进行了除虫试验，结果表明，在涉及块状鱼的海虱管理策略中应考虑隐虱的除虫。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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