Pest Management Science最新文献_第4页

Nutrient and spinosad concentrations influence liquid bait consumption and mortality in spinosad-resistant melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). 营养物质和棘糖浓度对棘糖抗性甜瓜蝇的液体饵料消耗和死亡率有影响。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70526

Ikkei Shikano,April N Grummer,Charles J Mason,Dara G Stockton

BACKGROUNDThe success of insecticide-laced liquid protein bait spray applications relies on attraction and consumption by the target pest. Commercial liquid baits often recommend a broad range of dilution rates, even though many insects adjust their intake of foods based on nutrient concentrations. This compensatory feeding response could influence the amount of toxin ingested, but this impact has not been thoroughly elucidated. We manipulated liquid diet and spinosad concentrations to reveal their effects on consumption and mortality in three lines of melon flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, that vary in levels of spinosad resistance.RESULTSNutrient concentration had a non-linear effect on consumption, which strongly influenced spinosad-induced mortality. Spinosad-susceptible flies suffered high mortality at the full nutrient concentration range when spinosad concentration was high. Resistant lines consumed less diet overall and hence suffered lower mortality on nutrient concentrations which were excessively dilute (22.5-45 g L-1) and excessively concentrated (720 g L-1). Similarly, the recommended label dilutions of a widely used commercial bait produced low levels of consumption.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrated that a high concentration of toxicant is effective for controlling a susceptible insect population regardless of consumption rate but maximizing consumption may be critical for managing insecticide-resistant populations. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景注有杀虫剂的液体蛋白诱饵喷雾应用的成功依赖于目标害虫的吸引和消耗。尽管许多昆虫会根据营养物质的浓度来调整食物的摄入量，但商业液体诱饵通常推荐的稀释率范围很广。这种补偿性进食反应可能影响毒素的摄取量，但这种影响尚未完全阐明。我们操纵液体饮食和棘糖浓度，揭示它们对三种瓜蝇（Zeugodacus cucurbitae）消耗和死亡率的影响，这些瓜蝇对棘糖的抗性水平不同。结果营养物质浓度与食用量呈非线性关系，对棘诺沙致死亡率有显著影响。当spinosad浓度较高时，在整个营养浓度范围内，spinosad敏感蝇的死亡率较高。抗性品系总体消耗较少，因此在营养浓度过稀（22.5-45 g L-1）和过浓（720 g L-1）条件下死亡率较低。同样，一种广泛使用的商业饵料的推荐标签稀释也产生了低水平的消费量。结论高浓度毒品剂对控制易感虫种群是有效的，而最大限度地提高毒品剂用量可能是控制抗性虫种群的关键。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Histaminergic regulation of phototactic divergence between two forms of Callosobruchus maculatus via the HisCl2 receptor. 组织胺能通过HisCl2受体调控两种斑状胼胝体的光致分化。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70491

Zhong Du,Guangqin Yang,Xu Zheng,Lei Jiang,Le Zong,Congqiao Li,Lijie Zhang,Fengming Wu,Siqin Ge

BACKGROUNDCallosobruchus maculatus, a global storage pest, exhibits two distinct forms: flight form and normal form. The phototactic divergence critically influences their survival, reproduction, and dispersal. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phototactic divergence.RESULTSIn this study, we initially found significantly elevated levels of histamine, a monoamine neurotransmitter, in the heads of the flight form via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We subsequently investigated the effects of histidine decarboxylase, histamine, and its receptor on the phototaxis of two forms using a combination of the RNA interference method, electroretinograms and phototaxis behavior approaches. Our results showed that histamine modulates phototactic divergence in two forms of C. maculatus through the Hiscl2 receptor.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that histamine binding to the Hiscl2 receptor mediates phototactic divergence between two forms of C. maculatus. These findings reveal a novel histaminergic mechanism underlying behavioral divergence and suggest potential molecular targets for pest management. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景斑纹胼胼眼螨是一种全球性的储存性害虫，有两种不同的形态：飞行形态和正常形态。趋光分化对它们的生存、繁殖和扩散具有重要影响。在这里，我们阐明了这种趋光分化的分子机制。结果在本研究中，我们通过液相色谱-质谱法初步发现飞行形式头部组胺（单胺类神经递质）水平显著升高。随后，我们利用RNA干扰法、视网膜电图和趋光性行为方法的结合，研究了组氨酸脱羧酶、组胺及其受体对两种形式的趋光性的影响。我们的研究结果表明，组胺通过Hiscl2受体调节两种形式的斑马鱼的光致分化。结论本研究表明组胺结合Hiscl2受体介导了两种黄斑棘的光致分化。这些发现揭示了行为差异背后的一种新的组胺能机制，并为害虫管理提供了潜在的分子靶点。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Front Cover Image 封面图片

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70548

Bright Mensah, Kelvin Betitame, Joseph Mettler, Kirk Howatt, William Aderholdt, Mohamed Khan, Thomas Peters, Xin Sun

The cover image is based on the article Detection of kochia [ Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] and waterhemp [ Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer] in sugarbeet field using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning technologies by Bright Mensah et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70319 .

image

封面图片是基于文章的检测臭虫[Bassia scoparia (L.)]A.J. Scott]和水麻[Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.)]J.D. Sauer]在甜菜领域使用Bright Mensah等人的高光谱成像和深度学习技术，https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70319。图像

引用次数: 0

In vitro evaluation of azole fungicide sensitivity in Fusarium langsethiae, F. tricinctum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides populations from Irish oats. 唑类杀菌剂对爱尔兰燕麦枯萎菌、毛枯菌、poae和孢子毛枯菌的体外敏感性评价。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70513

Diana E Bucur,Steven Kildea

BACKGROUNDFusarium head blight (FHB) in oats represents a significant challenge to crop production and food safety, primarily because of mycotoxin contamination. In this study, 286 Fusarium isolates, representing in majority F. langsethiae, and small numbers of F. tricinctum, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides, obtained from commercial Irish oat crops in 2022 were evaluated in vitro for their sensitivity to three azole fungicides: prothioconazole-desthio (PDZ), tebuconazole (TBZ) and mefentrifluconazole (MFZ). A microtitre plate assay was used to generate dose-response curves and to determine their half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) to each of the three fungicides.RESULTSDifferences in fungicide sensitivity and evidence of moderate cross-resistance among the azole fungicides tested, particularly in F. langsethiae, were detected. Specifically, isolates were overall more sensitive to PDZ, while sensitivity differences between fungicides and partial cross-resistance between MFZ and TBZ were statistically significant. These results were supported by a principal component analysis and a cluster analysis that confirmed F. langsethiae isolates were least sensitive to MFZ, this fungicide being responsible for the highest amount of variability in the population.CONCLUSIONGiven that oats are used in human consumption and animal feed, these findings underscore the critical need for ongoing resistance monitoring to maintain food safety standards aligned with European Union regulatory requirements. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

燕麦中的镰刀菌头疫病（FHB）是对作物生产和食品安全的重大挑战，主要是因为真菌毒素污染。在这项研究中，从2022年的商业爱尔兰燕麦作物中获得286株镰刀菌分离株，其中大部分是F. langsethiae，少量是F. tricinctum， F. poae和F. sporotrichioides，对三种唑类杀菌剂（prothioconazole-desthio， PDZ）， tebuconazole （TBZ）和mefentrifluconazole (MFZ))的敏感性进行了体外评估。采用微滴板法生成剂量-反应曲线，并测定三种杀菌剂的半最大有效浓度（EC50）。结果不同唑类杀菌剂在杀真菌敏感性上存在差异，并有中度交叉耐药的证据，其中以龙氏弧菌为最。具体而言，菌株对PDZ总体更敏感，而杀菌剂之间的敏感性差异以及MFZ与TBZ之间的部分交叉抗性差异具有统计学意义。这些结果得到主成分分析和聚类分析的支持，证实了F. langsethiae分离物对MFZ最不敏感，该杀菌剂在种群中造成的变异性最大。鉴于燕麦被用于人类消费和动物饲料，这些发现强调了持续进行耐药性监测以保持食品安全标准与欧盟监管要求保持一致的必要性。©2026作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。

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引用次数: 0

Natural product scaffold-based bactericide discovery: novel β-carboline derivatives as potent reactive oxygen species inducers for crop disease control. 基于天然产物支架的杀菌剂的发现：新型β-碳碱衍生物作为有效的活性氧诱导剂用于作物病害防治。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70511

Hong-Wu Liu,Guo-Qing Wang,Jun-Rong Zhang,Ya Zhou,Yue Ding,Lin-Li Yang,Xiang Zhou,Li-Wei Liu,Zhi-Bing Wu,Heng Zhang,Hu Li,Song Yang

BACKGROUNDNatural β-carboline alkaloids have emerged as one of the most promising scaffolds in anticancer and fungicidal agent discovery. However, their application in antiphytopathogenic bacteria remains underexplored, primarily due to challenges in synthetic accessibility and insufficiently elucidated mechanisms of action. This gap has created a significant bottleneck in translating these natural products into practical agricultural applications.RESULTSBasing on the natural β-carboline (βC) scaffold, 41 synthetic derivatives and six commercialized analogues were obtained to discuss the chemical space on bioactivity against phytopathogenic bacteria. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that modifications at the C3, C1, and C6 positions of the natural βC scaffold, as well as the number and position of nitrogen atoms in ring C, significantly influenced antibacterial efficacy. Notably, 1-propyl substituted molecule B2 exhibited optimal antibacterial activity with an EC50 value of 1.12 μg mL-1 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Pot experiments manifested that B2 achieved excellent in vivo control efficacy against rice bacterial leaf blight with protective and curative activities of 45.47% and 55.51% at 200 μg mL-1, respectively, outperforming bismerthiazol (38.09% and 37.16%) and thiodiazole-copper (21.40% and 28.47%). Mechanistic studies revealed that B2 powerfully induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in bacterial cells, caused oxidative damage, and thereby led bacterial apoptosis. Histopathological analysis demonstrated B2 significantly suppressed bacterial burden within infected plant tissues. These synergistic effects collectively enabled exceptional control efficacy against plant bacterial diseases, with acceptable biosafety profiles.CONCLUSIONThese findings established βC derivatives as promising lead compounds for developing efficient agrochemicals, while providing new insights regarding ROS-inducing agents to enhance food security. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

天然β-碳碱生物碱已成为抗癌和杀菌剂研究中最有前途的支架之一。然而，它们在抗植物病原菌中的应用仍未得到充分的探索，主要是由于合成可及性的挑战和作用机制的不充分阐明。这一差距造成了将这些天然产品转化为实际农业应用的重大瓶颈。结果在天然β-碳碱（βC）支架的基础上，获得了41个合成衍生物和6个商业化类似物，探讨了其抗植物致病菌生物活性的化学空间。构效关系研究表明，天然βC支架的C3、C1和C6位点的修饰以及C环中氮原子的数目和位置对抗菌效果有显著影响。其中，1-丙基取代分子B2对米黄单胞菌的抑菌活性最佳，EC50值为1.12 μg mL-1。oryzae。盆栽试验结果表明，在200 μ mL-1浓度下，B2对水稻白叶枯病具有良好的体内防治效果，防治活性分别为45.47%和55.51%，优于双硫噻唑（38.09%和37.16%）和硫代二唑铜（21.40%和28.47%）。机制研究表明，B2能有效诱导细菌细胞中的活性氧（ROS）爆发，引起氧化损伤，从而导致细菌凋亡。组织病理学分析表明，B2显著抑制了受感染植物组织内的细菌负荷。这些协同效应共同实现了对植物细菌性病害的特殊控制效果，并具有可接受的生物安全性。结论βC衍生物是开发高效农用化学品的先导化合物，为开发ros诱导剂提高粮食安全提供了新的思路。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Structural modification of fipronil-5-amino and insecticidal activity evaluation of its derivatives against resistant Chilo suppressalis. 氟虫腈-5-氨基的结构修饰及其衍生物对耐药的杀虫活性评价。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70512

Zhiping Liu,Yinze Liang,Junyan Li,Weiguo Li,Yanmin Huang,Taichen Yang,Qiang Hu,Jianguo Cui

BACKGROUNDThe resistant rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) poses a serious threat to rice yield and food security. For two decades, fipronil was a key insecticide for its control, but its use has been restricted owing to the toxicity of its degradation products to aquatic life and bees. To develop superior alternatives, we structurally modified fipronil-5-amino through acylation, benzylation and carbamation, and evaluated the insecticidal activity of the resulting derivatives against resistant C. suppressalis, as well as their toxicity to zebrafish and honeybees.RESULTSTwenty-seven fipronil derivatives were synthesized via acylation, benzylation and carbamate conjugation strategies. Benzylation and carbamate conjugation significantly improved insecticidal activity: benzylated derivatives 2d, 2h and 2p [median lethal concentration (LC50) = 1.43-1.71 μg mL-1] and carbamate conjugates 4b, 4c and 4g (LC₅₀ ≤ 2.00 μg mL-1) showed 3- to 6-fold greater potency than fipronil (LC50 = 7.90 μg mL-1). Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that electron-withdrawing groups (e.g. -CN, -NO₂) on benzyl rings, especially at the para-position, and heterocyclic substitutions (e.g. pyridine) enhanced activity. Optimal clog P values (5, 6) correlated with peak efficacy. Importantly, these active derivatives exhibited markedly reduced toxicity than fipronil to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and bee, indicating improved biosafety.CONCLUSIONTargeted structural modifications at fipronil's 5-amino position-particularly benzylation with electron-withdrawing substituents and carbamate conjugation-yielded derivatives with superior insecticidal activity against resistant C. suppressalis and lower aquatic toxicity and honeybee toxicity. This strategy demonstrates the potential of rational molecular design in overcoming pesticide resistance while enhancing environmental safety, offering a promising pathway for developing next-generation, sustainable insecticides. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景水稻抗性茎螟虫（Chilo suppressalis）对水稻产量和粮食安全构成严重威胁。二十年来，氟虫腈是控制这种疾病的关键杀虫剂，但由于其降解产物对水生生物和蜜蜂的毒性，它的使用受到限制。为了开发出更好的替代品，我们通过酰化、苄基化和碳化对氟虫腈-5-氨基进行了结构修饰，并评估了所得到的衍生物对耐药C. suppressalis的杀虫活性，以及它们对斑马鱼和蜜蜂的毒性。结果通过酰化、苄基化和氨基甲酸酯偶联策略合成了27个氟虫腈衍生物。苯基化和氨基甲酸酯偶联显着提高了杀虫活性：苯基化衍生物2d， 2h和2p[中位致死浓度(LC50) = 1.43-1.71 μg mL-1]和氨基甲酸酯偶联物4b， 4c和4g （LC₅₀≤2.00 μg mL-1）的效力比氟虫腈（LC50 = 7.90 μg mL-1）强3- 6倍。构效关系分析表明，苯环上的吸电子基团（如-CN、-NO 2），尤其是对位上的吸电子基团和杂环取代（如吡啶）增强了活性。最佳阻塞P值（5,6）与峰值疗效相关。重要的是，这些活性衍生物对斑马鱼和蜜蜂的毒性比氟虫腈明显降低，表明生物安全性提高。结论氟虫腈在5-氨基位置进行定向结构修饰，特别是与吸电子取代基的苄基化和氨基甲酸酯的偶联，可以得到具有较强杀虫活性的氟虫腈衍生物，并具有较低的水生毒性和蜜蜂毒性。该策略显示了合理的分子设计在克服农药抗性的同时提高环境安全性的潜力，为开发下一代可持续杀虫剂提供了一条有希望的途径。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Target-site mutations and non-target-site detoxification confer ALS-inhibitor resistance in Bromus japonicus populations in China. 目标位点突变和非目标位点解毒导致了中国凤梨种群对als抑制剂的抗性。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70510

Xian Xu,Jingyi Xu,Bochui Zhao,Bingbo Guo,Shuaikun Wei,Binghua Li,Zhizun Qi,Silong Chen,Guiqi Wang,Xiaomin Liu

BACKGROUNDThe emergence of herbicide-resistant Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus) populations has been increasingly documented throughout China. Two such populations, DZ-R and XL-R, exhibit resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, yet their resistance level and mechanism remain undetermined. This study sought to: (i) quantify resistance levels to flucarbazone-sodium, mesosulfuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam; (ii) screen for ALS mutations conferring target-site resistance (TSR); and (iii) characterize non-target-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms using a multi-omics approach.RESULTSWhole-plant bioassay results indicated that the resistance indices of DZ-R and XL-R populations were 111.3 and 90.5 to flucarbazone-sodium, 36 and 206.4 to mesosulfuron-methyl, and 109.8 and 429.5 to pyroxsulam. The TSR mechanism was mediated by distinct ALS gene mutations: a Pro197-Ser substitution in DZ-R and a Pro197-Thr substitution in XL-R. Integrated transcriptomic, metabolomics and malathion-inhibited bioassay analyses revealed the NTSR mechanism, identifying two ABCB4, ABCG48, ABCB11 genes, two unnamed ABC, POD 35, POD P7-like, GST1, GSTU17, 2 GSTU6, IN2-1-like isoform X3 genes, three unnamed GST, GT 73C6-like, ZWY2020_001091, cis-zeatin O-GT, CYP74A15, noroxomaritidine synthase 2-like, indole-2-monooxygenase-like genes and four unnamed CYP450 genes as candidate genes. These genes participated in ATP-binding cassette transporters, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis metabolic pathways that synergistically mediate herbicide detoxification. Notably, two putative flucarbazone-sodium degradation pathways were deduced in the resistant populations.CONCLUSIONCollectively, these findings demonstrated that both TSR and NTSR mechanisms contributed to herbicide resistance in the DZ-R and XL-R populations. Future research should prioritize functional validation of the identified candidate genes to elucidate their specific roles in herbicide metabolism. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

在中国，越来越多的文献记录了抗除草剂日本雀稗（Bromus japonicus）种群的出现。其中两个种群DZ-R和XL-R对抑制乙酰乳酸合酶（acetolactate synthase， ALS）的除草剂表现出抗性，但抗性水平和抗性机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在：(i)量化对氟卡巴酮-钠、甲磺隆-甲基和pyroxsulam的抗性水平；（ii）筛选具有靶点耐药（TSR）的ALS突变；（iii）使用多组学方法表征非靶点耐药（NTSR）机制。结果全株生物测定结果表明，DZ-R和XL-R种群对氟卡巴酮钠的抗性指数分别为111.3和90.5，对中甲磺隆-甲基的抗性指数分别为36和206.4，对pyroxsulam的抗性指数分别为109.8和429.5。TSR机制是由不同的ALS基因突变介导的：DZ-R中的Pro197-Ser取代和XL-R中的Pro197-Thr取代。综合转录组学、代谢组学和malathon抑制生物测定分析揭示了NTSR机制，鉴定出2个ABCB4、ABCG48、ABCB11基因，2个未命名的ABC、POD 35、POD p7样、GST1、GSTU17、2个GSTU6、in2 -1样异构体X3基因，3个未命名的GST、GT 73c6样、ZWY2020_001091、顺式玉米素O-GT、CYP74A15、诺罗科马替丁合成酶2样、吲吲酮-2单氧合酶样基因和4个未命名的CYP450基因作为候选基因。这些基因参与atp结合盒转运体、苯丙素生物合成、谷胱甘肽代谢和玉米素生物合成代谢途径，协同介导除草剂解毒。值得注意的是，在耐药种群中推导出了两种假定的氟卡巴酮钠降解途径。综上所述，TSR和NTSR机制对DZ-R和XL-R群体的除草剂抗性均有贡献。未来的研究应优先对已鉴定的候选基因进行功能验证，以阐明其在除草剂代谢中的具体作用。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

Asp-2078-Gly mutation in ACCase confers quizalofop-p-ethyl resistance in Eleusine indica and establishment of a LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a visual genotyping assay for the target mutation. ACCase的Asp-2078-Gly突变赋予了Eleusine indicine对quizalofop-p-ethyl的抗性，并建立了LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a目视基因分型试验。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70468

Guanglei Jin,Haotong Li,Haiyan Yu,Zumin Gu,Hailan Cui,Jingchao Chen,Xiangju Li

BACKGROUNDEleusine indica is a widespread, competitive weed causing yield losses in major crops. Repeated use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in cotton fields has led to the evolution of resistant populations, posing a growing threat to cotton production in China. This study aimed to elucidate the target-site resistance mechanism of E. indica to quizalofop-p-ethyl and establish a rapid visual detection method based on the identified mutation.RESULTSThe NJC-R population showed resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl (resistance index = 5.5). Gene sequencing revealed that an Asp-2078-Gly mutation in ACCase was one of the mechanisms underlying resistance. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with the CRISPR/Cas12a system was developed to detect this mutation in E. indica. This method not only enabled genotype discrimination (wild-type, heterozygous, homozygous mutant), but also provided visual results within 70 min, exhibiting superior performance compared with the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences assay. In addition, this method eliminated false positives from nonspecific LAMP amplification, was ~100-fold more sensitive than a polymerase chain reaction, and the assay results were 100% concordant with Sanger sequencing for the 50 samples tested.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed that the Asp-2078-Gly mutation confers quizalofop-p-ethyl resistance in E. indica from the cotton field in China, and LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a was first applied for detecting ACCase target-site mutations in E. indica. Given its rapidity and high accuracy, this technique has the potential to be applied for resistance monitoring and to guide rational herbicide application. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

背景：黄花菊是一种分布广泛的竞争性杂草，对主要作物造成产量损失。在棉田中反复使用抑制乙酰辅酶a羧化酶（ACCase）的除草剂，导致抗性群体的进化，对中国棉花生产构成越来越大的威胁。本研究旨在阐明印度伊蚊对quizalofop-p-ethyl的靶位耐药机制，并基于所鉴定的突变建立快速的目视检测方法。结果NJC-R种群对quizalofp -p-ethyl有抗性（抗性指数为5.5）。基因测序显示，ACCase中Asp-2078-Gly突变是其耐药机制之一。利用环介导的等温扩增技术（LAMP）结合CRISPR/Cas12a系统检测该突变。该方法不仅实现了基因型的区分（野生型、杂合型、纯合突变型），而且在70分钟内提供了视觉结果，与衍生的cleaved扩增多态性序列法相比，具有优越的性能。此外，该方法消除了非特异性LAMP扩增的假阳性，灵敏度比聚合酶链反应高约100倍，检测结果与50个样品的Sanger测序结果100%一致。结论本研究证实了来自中国棉田的籼稻对ACCase -2078- gly突变具有抗性，并首次将LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a应用于籼稻ACCase靶位点突变的检测。该技术具有快速、准确的特点，具有应用于抗性监测和指导除草剂合理施用的潜力。©2026化学工业协会。

{"title":"Asp-2078-Gly mutation in ACCase confers quizalofop-p-ethyl resistance in Eleusine indica and establishment of a LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a visual genotyping assay for the target mutation.","authors":"Guanglei Jin,Haotong Li,Haiyan Yu,Zumin Gu,Hailan Cui,Jingchao Chen,Xiangju Li","doi":"10.1002/ps.70468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.70468","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDEleusine indica is a widespread, competitive weed causing yield losses in major crops. Repeated use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in cotton fields has led to the evolution of resistant populations, posing a growing threat to cotton production in China. This study aimed to elucidate the target-site resistance mechanism of E. indica to quizalofop-p-ethyl and establish a rapid visual detection method based on the identified mutation.RESULTSThe NJC-R population showed resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl (resistance index = 5.5). Gene sequencing revealed that an Asp-2078-Gly mutation in ACCase was one of the mechanisms underlying resistance. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with the CRISPR/Cas12a system was developed to detect this mutation in E. indica. This method not only enabled genotype discrimination (wild-type, heterozygous, homozygous mutant), but also provided visual results within 70 min, exhibiting superior performance compared with the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences assay. In addition, this method eliminated false positives from nonspecific LAMP amplification, was ~100-fold more sensitive than a polymerase chain reaction, and the assay results were 100% concordant with Sanger sequencing for the 50 samples tested.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed that the Asp-2078-Gly mutation confers quizalofop-p-ethyl resistance in E. indica from the cotton field in China, and LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a was first applied for detecting ACCase target-site mutations in E. indica. Given its rapidity and high accuracy, this technique has the potential to be applied for resistance monitoring and to guide rational herbicide application. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.","PeriodicalId":218,"journal":{"name":"Pest Management Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of an AI-assisted autonomous orchard sprayer with dual spraying mechanisms. 人工智能辅助双喷果园自动喷雾器的设计。

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70520

Ilhan Cakmak,Caner Koc,Dilara Gerdan Koc

BACKGROUNDThis study presents the design, development, and field evaluation of Vabot, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered, fully electric autonomous agricultural ground vehicle intended for accurate pesticide application in orchard settings. The platform integrates a YOLOv5-based computer vision algorithm into the control system to enable real-time canopy detection and selective spraying. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the system's performance under real orchard conditions and compare two spraying mechanisms: a fixed-arm system and an oscillating-arm system.RESULTSField experiments were performed in apple orchards at Ankara University, Türkiye, to assess droplet size, spray coverage, canopy penetration, and operational efficiency. The oscillating-arm mechanism substantially enhanced spray uniformity and canopy penetration, achieving a coverage rate of 60.43%, compared with 14.87% for the fixed-arm configuration. Measured droplet sizes ranged 125-242 μm for the fixed-arm configuration and 147-182 μm for the oscillating-arm system, indicating a more homogeneous distribution in the latter. The field efficiency of the vehicle was calculated as 41% over a 1200 m2 area.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate the potential of AI-integrated autonomous systems to improve spray effectiveness, reduce pesticide usage, and minimize environmental contamination in orchards. The Vabot platform offers a practical and scalable solution for intelligent spraying in precision agriculture. Overall, the results highlight the synergy between AI and mechanical systems in delivering precise, efficient, and sustainable spraying performance in orchard environments. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

本研究介绍了Vabot的设计、开发和现场评估，Vabot是一种人工智能（AI）驱动的全电动自主农业地面车辆，旨在在果园环境中精确施用农药。该平台将基于yolov5的计算机视觉算法集成到控制系统中，以实现实时树冠检测和选择性喷涂。本研究的主要目的是评估该系统在实际果园条件下的性能，并比较两种喷洒机制：固定臂系统和摆动臂系统。结果在土耳其安卡拉大学（Ankara University, rkiye）的苹果果园进行了田间试验，以评估雾滴大小、喷雾覆盖率、冠层穿透度和操作效率。摆动臂机构大大提高了喷雾均匀性和冠层穿透性，覆盖率达到60.43%，而固定臂机构的覆盖率为14.87%。固定臂体系的液滴尺寸为125 ~ 242 μm，摆动臂体系的液滴尺寸为147 ~ 182 μm，摆动臂体系的液滴分布更为均匀。在1200平方米的面积上，车辆的现场效率计算为41%。这些研究结果表明，人工智能集成的自主系统在提高喷洒效果、减少农药使用和最大限度地减少果园环境污染方面具有潜力。Vabot平台为精准农业的智能喷洒提供了实用且可扩展的解决方案。总的来说，结果突出了人工智能和机械系统之间的协同作用，在果园环境中提供精确、高效和可持续的喷洒性能。©2026化学工业协会。

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引用次数: 0

High nitrogen fertilization suppresses the NtLRR-RK4 defense pathway to enhance susceptibility to Alternaria alternata in flue-cured tobacco 高施氮抑制NtLRR-RK4防御通路，提高了烤烟对互花疫病的敏感性

IF 4.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Pest Management Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1002/ps.70488

Meiwei Zhao, Waqar Ahmed, Shichen Li, Yingfen Yang, Jinhao Zhang, Ali Almasrahi, Xiaoci Peng, Zhengxiong Zhao

Tobacco brown spot disease, caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata, is a significant threat to global crop production, including in China. Our previous research identified NaLRR-RK4 as a key gene conferring resistance to this disease in wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata). In agricultural practice, the incidence of tobacco brown spot disease varies significantly with nitrogen levels, with plants under high nitrogen conditions exhibiting more severe symptoms. However, the relationship between nitrogen nutrition and the function of the homologous gene (NtLRR-RK4) in cultivated tobacco remains unknown.

烟草褐斑病是由真菌alternnaria alternata引起的，对包括中国在内的全球作物生产构成重大威胁。我们之前的研究发现NaLRR-RK4是野生烟草（Nicotiana attenuata）抗病的关键基因。在农业实践中，烟草褐斑病的发病率随氮素水平的变化有显著差异，高氮条件下的植株表现出更严重的症状。然而，氮素营养与栽培烟草同源基因NtLRR-RK4功能之间的关系尚不清楚。

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