Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Response to Comment on \"Optimizing Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Athletic Tasks: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis for Prescription Variables and Research Methods\".","authors":"Kai Xu,Anthony J Blazevich,Daniel Boullosa,Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo,MingYue Yin,YuMing Zhong,YuHang Tian,Mitchell Finlay,Paul J Byrne,Francisco Cuenca-Fernández,Ran Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02319-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02319-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception-Based Methods and Beyond: A Current Opinion on How to Assess Static Stretching Intensity.","authors":"Konstantin Warneke,Anthony J Blazevich,Daniel Jochum,David G Behm,Ewan Thomas,Masatoshi Nakamura,José Afonso","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02307-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02307-1","url":null,"abstract":"Muscle stretching is widely used in clinical, athletic, and otherwise healthy populations, yet a consensual definition of stretch intensity-a key component of stretch load-does not exist. This is important because the effects of stretch intensity on range of motion and strength are controversial but suggested to affect clinical practice and scientific research. Most commonly, stretch intensity is defined in relation to an individual's perceived level of discomfort or pain; however, these definitions are problematic for several reasons, including that consensual and objective quantifiable definitions of 'pain' and 'discomfort' do not exist, perceptions vary widely (and may not be sensed in some populations), and their ordinal (interval) nature is problematic from a statistical (research) point of view. The maximal range of motion or stretch distance may instead be useful; however, it can be difficult to define the 'start of stretch' and tissue stress varies non-linearly with range of motion or distance, meaning tissue load (stress) varies markedly with small changes in joint angle or distance near the stretch limit but varies less when stretches are performed further from it. Alternatively, setting joint angles or stretch distances as a percentage of the peak passive torque or resistive force can circumvent these issues, removing the need to define the 'start of stretch' and ensuring that intensity changes largely reflect changes in tissue load; however, torque/force measurement can sometimes be difficult or impossible to assess. A concerted research effort is thus required to produce an accepted definition of stretch intensity, and then to clarify how this can be quantified in scientific and practical settings.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Practical Value of Bayesian Inference in Describing the Epidemiology of Sports Injuries.","authors":"Avinash Chandran,Ben Clarsen,Ian Varley,Karim Khan,Stephen W Marshall,Roald Bahr","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02312-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02312-4","url":null,"abstract":"Sports injury surveillance programs have been vital in advancing the understanding of injury epidemiology across various athlete populations. Surveillance-based epidemiological measures of injury occurrence are ubiquitous in the sports medicine literature, and the injury rate is one such commonly used measure. Traditional approaches to calculating injury rates have predominantly relied on frequentist methods, which, while informative, have limitations in addressing certain practical questions. We explore an alternative Bayesian framework for analyzing injury rates, highlighting its potential to enhance sports medicine practice. We delineate the practical implications of adopting a Bayesian approach, contrasting key analytical outputs such as credible intervals with their frequentist counterparts. Through simulated and real-world examples, we demonstrate the types of analyses and inferences that are only possible within this framework. We particularly discuss how Bayesian methods allow for direct calculation of probabilities for specific outcomes and provide intuitive interpretations of uncertainty. We discuss the computational and inferential advantages of the Bayesian approach, illustrating how it can offer more nuanced insights into injury incidence in sport injury epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Lolli's Comment on \"Predicting VO2max Using Lung Function and Three-Dimensional (3D) Allometry Provides New Insights into the Allometric Cascade (M0.75)\".","authors":"Alan M Nevill,Matthew Wyon,Jonathan Myers,Matthew P Harber,Tony D Myers","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02317-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02317-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Applied Sport Science and Medicine of Powerlifting and Para Powerlifting: A Systematic Scoping Review with Recommendations for Future Research.","authors":"Kade Silverthorne,Matthew Morrison,Nicholas Cowley,Gabriella Munteanu,Mark W Creaby,Ryan G Timmins,Chieh-Ying Chiang,Jonathon Weakley","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02305-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02305-3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPowerlifting is a strength sport featuring some of the world's strongest athletes. Recent decades have seen an exponential increase in research into the applied sport science and medicine of powerlifting and its Paralympic counterpart, para powerlifting. A scoping review of the area would provide athletes, coaches, policymakers, and researchers with an overview of the existing evidence to support performance, reduce injury, and foster further growth of these sports.OBJECTIVESThe primary objectives were to identify the current research into the applied sport science and medicine of powerlifting and para powerlifting, analyse the characteristics of the research, provide a brief summary of the research in each area of sport science and medicine, identify gaps in the current literature, and provide recommendations for future research.METHODSSystematic searches of SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Scopus were performed from the earliest record to June 2025 (Open Science Framework registration: https://osf.io/fkjsz ), and the reference lists of several pre-existing systematic reviews were manually searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated powerlifting or para powerlifting as a sport or the applied sport science of powerlifters or para powerlifters from a performance or injury perspective.RESULTSA total of 2117 articles were identified in the database search, with three additional eligible studies discovered through other sources. In total, 218 studies met the inclusion criteria and were ultimately included in the review. The most researched sport science and medicine topic was physical qualities (n = 48), followed by competition (n = 45), training (n = 38), biomechanics (n = 36), nutrition and supplementation (n = 25), injury (n = 18), and psychology (n = 8). More than half of the included studies were published in 2020 or later, and researchers from the USA were the most prolific with 57 publications. Para powerlifting was investigated in 45 studies, which mostly originated from Brazil (n = 31). Participants represented varying levels of competition, powerlifting divisions, and age categories, although many studies did not clearly report these characteristics. Only seven studies investigated female athletes exclusively.CONCLUSIONThis scoping review summarises the current literature investigating powerlifting and para powerlifting and can be used to enhance the applied sport science and medicine within the sports. While the amount of research has grown considerably in recent years, it is evident that certain demographics and areas remain under-investigated (e.g., injury mechanisms) or warrant updated examination (e.g., the prevalence of performance-enhancing drug use, which was last reported in 2003 and is currently unknown). Thus, this review highlights several areas for future research based on the gaps in the existing literature and provides a range of recommendations that can be implemented to improve reporting, t","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Volume and Training Frequency Changes Associated with Boston Marathon Race Performance.","authors":"Alexandra F DeJong Lempke,Kathryn E Ackerman,Trent Stellingwerff,Louise M Burke,Aaron L Baggish,Pierre A d'Hemecourt,Sophia Dyer,Chris Troyanos,Grace H Saville,Kaya Adelzadeh,Bryan Holtzman,Anthony C Hackney,Kristin E Whitney","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02304-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02304-4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPhysical training influences competitive marathon performance, including training volume and training frequency changes (TFCs) pre-race. Training intensity distribution (i.e., steady-state, quality sessions, interval training) and cross-training contribute to volume and TFCs that may influence performance.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to assess the relationships among training and TFCs preceding the 2022 Boston Marathon and race performance.METHODSAdult 2022 Boston Marathon registrants were contacted via email 1 month pre-race. Athletes reported demographics, training/racing experience, and training pre-race. TFCs were calculated by comparing two timeframes: 12-4 and 4-0 month pre-race training. Official race performance was obtained from chip timing data and demographics. Separate linear regressions were used to assess the effects of training and cross-training in 12-4 and 4-0 months pre-race and TFCs on performance, accounting for experience and demographics.RESULTSIn total, 917 athletes were included (female: n = 495, 3:53 ± 0:37 h race times, 64.4 ± 24 km/week weekly distance; male: n = 422; 3:35 ± 0:39 h race times, 67.6 ± 26.2 km/week weekly distance). Higher running distance/week, running sessions/week (n), quality sessions/week (\"hard sessions\"; n), average distance in the 12-4 and 4-0 months pre-race (p ≤ 0.050), and more cross-training (p < 0.001) in the 4-0 months pre-race were associated with faster times and performance. Runners with TFCs of decreased running sessions/week (p = 0.035) had faster times and better performance versus athletes who maintained/increased volume.CONCLUSIONHabitually higher training exposure 12-4 and 4-0 months, but relatively reduced training frequency 4-0 months pre-race, contributed to better marathon performance.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Practices for Mental Fatigue Quantification and Induction in Movement Science: Introducing the SPeCIFY Guidelines.","authors":"Emilie Schampheleer,Jelle Habay,Matthias Proost,Y Laurisa Arenales Arauz,Suzanna Russell,Manon Roose,Chao Bian,Romain Meeusen,Kevin De Pauw,Bart Roelands","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02286-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02286-3","url":null,"abstract":"Mental fatigue (MF) is a complex phenomenon with significant implications for human performance, for which there are numerous studies investigating the effects of MF. Nevertheless, there is considerable variability in the approaches used to induce and quantify MF, making it hard to compare findings across studies and draw well-supported conclusions. This review addresses the methodological variability in the induction and quantification methods of MF in movement science in the following ways: on the one hand, by providing an overview of task design strategies to induce MF, emphasizing the importance of tailoring task duration, difficulty, and nature to individual participants and specific research contexts; on the other hand, by providing an overview of current methods used to quantify MF, including behavioural, subjective, and physiological measures, and highlighting the strengths and limitations of each. Finally, this review proposes a best-practice framework for MF research, incorporating multi-method approaches for the induction and quantification of MF and introducing the Settings, Protocol establishments, Confounders, Individuals, Framework, and Yield (SPeCIFY) reporting guidelines that aim at improving consistency and transparency in future MF studies.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodegenerative Diseases in Male Former First-Class New Zealand Rugby Players.","authors":"Francesca Anns,Kenneth L Quarrie,Barry J Milne,Chao Li,Andrew J Gardner,Ian R Murphy,Evert Verhagen,Craig Wright,Susan M B Morton,Thomas Lumley,Lynette Tippett,Stephanie D'Souza","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02299-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02299-y","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGrowing concern surrounds the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in high-level collision sports, but research on Rugby Union's connection to these diseases is limited.OBJECTIVEThis study sought to examine the long-term neurodegenerative disease risk associated with participation in high-level Rugby Union ('rugby'), utilising whole-population administrative records.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study in New Zealand compared males born between 1920 and 1984 who were active in high-level (provincial or higher) rugby between 1950 and 2000 (n = 12,861) with males from the general population (n = 2,394,300), matched by age, ethnicity, and birthplace. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess risks of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, and other dementias, ascertained using mortality and hospitalisation records from January 1988 to June 2023.RESULTSA higher percentage of rugby players (6.5%) than males in the general population (5.2%) developed neurodegenerative diseases, with hazard ratios indicating players showed increased risks for any neurodegenerative disease (1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.30), Alzheimer's disease (1.61; 95% CI 1.42-1.83), and other dementias (1.23; 95% CI 1.14-1.33). Significant differences were not observed for Parkinson's disease (1.05; 95% CI 0.89-1.22) and motor neuron disease (1.16; 95% CI 0.83-1.63). In general, this increased risk among players compared to the general population began around the ages of 70-79 years. Compared to the general population, small to moderate increased risks of any neurodegenerative disease were observed for a backline playing position, provincial and/or amateur players, international and/or professional players, participation in ≥ 2 years of play, and participation in five or more matches.CONCLUSIONSHigh-level rugby participation amongst males in New Zealand is associated with a small to moderate increase in neurodegenerative disease rates compared to the general population.","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144962650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Aerobic Exercise Preconditioning Does Not Augment Muscle Hypertrophy During Subsequent Resistance Exercise Training in Healthy Older Adults","authors":"Milan W. Betz, Alejandra P. Monsegue, Lisanne H. P. Houben, Floris K. Hendriks, Janneau van Kranenburg, Thorben Aussieker, Bouke P. Adriaans, Alfons J. H. M. Houben, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon, Tim Snijders","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02302-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02302-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for Optimizing Research Regarding the Effects of Dehydration on Athletic Performance","authors":"Rúben Francisco, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Analiza M. Silva","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02310-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02310-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dehydration’s adverse impact on athletic performance is a critical concern in sports science, yet its investigation remains challenging due to interindividual variability and methodological inconsistencies. Traditional reductionist approaches, which isolate single variables, are insufficient to capture the multifactorial nature of dehydration, which emerges from dynamic interactions among physiological and behavioral factors. These include the method of inducing dehydration, protocol duration, type of fluid loss, environmental conditions, participant characteristics, assessment techniques, and potential nocebo effects. Despite the complexity and relevance of this issue, standardized guidelines for designing sport-specific dehydration studies are lacking. This article addresses this gap by cataloging key interacting variables and offering structured, adaptable guidance rather than proposing a rigid framework. It introduces a dual framework of ‘challenges and considerations’ and ‘recommendations’ for each factor, aiming to support researchers in developing rigorous, context-specific study designs. Ultimately, this approach will promote a more nuanced understanding of dehydration and facilitate reproducible, sport-relevant research advancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}