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Why are there so many species of mining bees (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae)? The possible roles of phenology and Wolbachia incompatibility in maintaining species boundaries in the Andrena proxima-complex 为什么有这么多种类的采矿蜂(膜翅目,蜂科)?在Andrena proxima复合体中,酚学和沃尔巴克氏体不相容性在维持物种边界中的可能作用
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12566
Gabrielle McLaughlin, Morgan Gueuning, David Genoud, Juerg E. Frey, Christophe Praz

The factors leading to the extraordinary diversity of the bees of the genus Andrena Fabricius, the second most speciose genus among bees, remain largely unknown. To examine the pattern of diversification in this genus, we investigate species boundaries within the controversial Andrena proxima-complex using a dataset of ultra-conserved elements and various species delimitation analyses (admixture analyses, BPP, DAPC). Our results confirm the presence of three separate species in this species group (Andrena proxima (Kirby), A. ampla Warncke and A. alutacea Stöckhert) and suggest very low levels of interspecific gene flow. Andrena proxima and A. alutacea are regularly found in sympatry, suggesting an advanced stage of speciation. By contrast, A. ampla shows a parapatric distribution with both other species. Andrena alutacea harbours a unique strain of Wolbachia Hertig, absent in the other two species, which are infected by the two same strains of Wolbachia. In addition, the three species have distinct phenologies, with A. proxima flying earlier in the season and A. alutacea significantly later; the phenology of A. ampla is intermediate. Our results suggest that Wolbachia-induced incompatibilities and phenological differences maintain species boundaries in this group. The most advanced stage of speciation is observed in the two species showing putatively incompatible strains of Wolbachia and strongly distinct phenologies, A. alutacea and A. proxima. We propose that the smaller differences in phenological differentiation between A. ampla and both other species may explain the observed pattern of parapatric distribution. We discuss how these factors may underlie the high diversification rate observed in other groups of Andrena, a genus characterized by particularly variable and short flying periods.

Andrena Fabricius属是蜜蜂中种类第二多的属,导致该属蜜蜂非凡多样性的因素在很大程度上仍然未知。为了研究该属的多样化模式,我们使用超保守元素数据集和各种物种划界分析(混合分析、BPP、DAPC)调查了有争议的Andrena proxima复合体内的物种边界。我们的研究结果证实了该物种群中存在三个独立的物种(Andrena proxima(Kirby)、A.ampla Warncke和A.alutacea Stöckhert),并表明种间基因流水平非常低。Andrena proxima和A.alutacea经常出现在同域中,这表明物种形成已进入晚期。相比之下,A.ampla与其他两个物种都表现出准父系分布。Andrena alutacea携带一种独特的沃尔巴克氏体Hertig菌株,其他两个物种中没有这种菌株,它们被两种相同的沃尔巴克氏体菌株感染。此外,这三个物种具有不同的酚期,其中A.proxima在本季飞行较早,A.alutacea明显较晚;A.ampla属中间型。我们的研究结果表明,沃尔巴克氏体诱导的不相容性和表型差异维持了这一群体的物种边界。在两个物种中观察到物种形成的最高级阶段,这两个物种显示出沃尔巴克氏体的假定不相容菌株和强烈不同的酚类,A.alutacea和A.proxima。我们认为,A.ampla和其他两个物种之间在表型分化方面的较小差异可能解释了所观察到的副父系分布模式。我们讨论了这些因素是如何导致在Andrena属的其他类群中观察到的高多样化率的,Andrena属以特别多变和飞行周期短为特征。
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引用次数: 3
Systematic revision, molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the antlion tribe Acanthoplectrini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), with emphasis on the Oriental lineage 蚁族Acanthoplectrini的系统修订、分子系统发育和生物地理学(神经翅目:Myrmelontidae:Dendroleontinae),重点是东方谱系
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12561
Yuchen Zheng, Davide Badano, Xingyue Liu

The tribe Acanthoplectrini (Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) includes a group of antlion genera widely distributed across the Australasian and Oriental regions. The intergeneric and interspecific relationships between or within the Australian and Oriental lineages of this tribe as well as their historical biogeography remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of Acanthoplectrini to infer the diversification history of this tribe, with emphasis on the Oriental lineage. Both the Oriental and Australian lineages are monophyletic and recovered as sister groups. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the ancestor of Acanthoplectrini might have been once widely distributed from Indochina to Australia and then split into the Oriental and Australian lineages during the early-Miocene. Our analyses recovered northeastern Indochina and south China as the ancestral range of the Oriental Acanthoplectrini. During the mid-Miocene to the mid-Pliocene, orographic events such as the rising of mountain ranges (including the Himalayas) and the formation of major islands in southeastern Asia triggered several dispersal and vicariance events in the Oriental Acanthoplectrini, driving their speciation. We revise the classification of the Oriental Acanthoplectrini, establishing the new genus Paralayahima gen. n., which is recovered sister to Layahima Navás. Moreover, we describe four new species of Layahima, Layahima aspoeckorum sp. n., Layahima monba sp. n., Layahima lhoba sp. n. and Layahima xinliae sp. n., and we reinstate two previously synonymized species, Layahima melanocoris (Yang) stat. rev. and comb. n. and Layahima nebulosa Navás stat. rev.

Acanthoplectrini部落(蚁科:Dendroleontinae)包括一组广泛分布在澳大拉西亚和东方地区的蚁属。该部落的澳大利亚和东方谱系之间或内部的属间和种间关系及其历史生物地理学在很大程度上仍未被探索。在这里,我们对Acanthoplectrini进行了分子系统发育和生物地理学分析,以推断该部落的多样化历史,重点是东方谱系。东方和澳大利亚的谱系都是单系的,并恢复为姐妹群。祖先区域重建表明,棘皮的祖先可能曾经广泛分布于中印至澳大利亚,然后在中新世早期分裂为东方和澳大利亚谱系。我们的分析恢复了中印东北部和华南作为东方刺的祖先范围。在中新世中期至上新世中期,山脉(包括喜马拉雅山脉)的上升和东南亚主要岛屿的形成等地形事件引发了东方棘皮动物的几次扩散和替代事件,推动了它们的物种形成。我们对东方棘皮动物的分类进行了修订,建立了新的Paralayahima属,该属是Layahima Navás的姐妹。此外,我们描述了Layahima、Layahima-aspoekorum sp.n、Layashima monba sp.n,Layahima-lhoba sp.n和Layahimaxinliae sp.n的四个新种,并恢复了两个以前的同义物种,Layahiha blackinoris(Yang)stat.rev.和comb。n.和Layahima nebulosa Navás stat.rev。
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引用次数: 0
Permian parallelisms: Reanalysis of †Tshekardocoleidae sheds light on the earliest evolution of the Coleoptera 二叠纪的平行性:对†Tshekardocoleidae的重新分析揭示了鞘翅目的早期进化
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-28 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12562
Brendon Elias Boudinot, Evgeny Viktorovich Yan, Jakub Prokop, Xiao-Zhu Luo, Rolf Georg Beutel

The Coleoptera provides an excellent example of the value of fossils for understanding the evolutionary patterns of recent lineages. We reevaluate the morphology of the Early Permian †Tshekardocoleidae to test alternative phylogenetic hypotheses relating to the Palaeozoic evolution of the order. We discuss prior interpretations and revise an earlier data matrix. Both Bayesian and parsimony analyses support the monophyly of Coleoptera excluding †Tshekardocoleidae (= Mesocoleoptera), and of Coleoptera excluding †Tshekardocoleidae and †Permocupedidae (= Metacoleoptera). Plesiomorphies preserved in †Tshekardocoleidae are elytra, which rest over the body in a loose tent-like manner, with flat lateral flanges, projecting beyond the abdominal apex, and abdomens that are flexible and nearly cylindrical. Apomorphies of Mesocoleoptera include shortening of the elytra and a closer fit with the flattened and probably more rigid abdomen. A crucial synapomorphy of Metacoleoptera is the tightly sealed subelytral space, which may have been advantageous during the Permian aridification. Taxon exclusion experiments show that †Tshekardocoleidae is crucial for understanding the early evolution of Coleoptera and that its omission strongly affects ancestral state polarities as well as topology, including crown-group taxa. By constraining the relationships of extant taxa to match those supported by phylogenomic analysis, we demonstrate that features shared by Archostemata with Permian stem groups are most reasonably supported as plesiomorphic and that the smooth and simplified body forms of Polyphaga, Adephaga, Myxophaga, and Micromalthidae were derived in parallel. Our study highlights the reciprocal illumination of molecular, morphological, and paleontological data, and paves the way for tip-dating analysis across the order.

鞘翅目为了解最近谱系的进化模式提供了化石价值的一个极好的例子。我们重新评估了早二叠世†Tshekardocoleidae的形态,以测试与该目古生代进化有关的其他系统发育假说。我们讨论了先前的解释,并修订了先前的数据矩阵。贝叶斯分析和简约分析都支持鞘翅目(不包括†Tshekardocoleidae(=中鞘翅目))和鞘翅目的单系性,其中†Tschekardocoliidae和†Permocupedidae(=Metacoleoptera)除外。†Tshekardocoleidae中保存的蛇颈虫是鞘翅,以松散的帐篷状方式栖息在身体上,具有平坦的侧凸缘,突出超过腹尖,腹部柔韧且几乎呈圆柱形。中鞘翅目的变形包括鞘翅缩短,与扁平且可能更坚硬的腹部更紧密地贴合。Metacoleoptera的一个重要突触形态是紧密密封的膜下空间,这可能在二叠纪干旱化期间是有利的。紫杉醇排除实验表明,†Tshekardocoleidae对于理解鞘翅目的早期进化至关重要,其遗漏强烈影响祖先状态极性和拓扑结构,包括冠群分类群。通过将现存分类群的关系限制为与系统发育学分析支持的关系相匹配,我们证明了长骨目与二叠纪茎群共有的特征最合理地支持为类同形态,并且Polyphaga、Adephaga、Myxophaga和Micromalthidae的光滑和简化的体型是平行衍生的。我们的研究强调了分子、形态学和古生物学数据的相互启发,并为整个目的尖端年代测定分析铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 10
A phylogenomic approach to species delimitation in the mango fruit fly (Bactrocera frauenfeldi) complex: A new synonym of an important pest species with variable morphotypes (Diptera: Tephritidae) 芒果果蝇(Bactrocera frauenfeldi)复合体种划分的系统基因组学方法:一种具有可变形态的重要害虫的新同义词(双翅目:蝗科)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12559
Camiel Doorenweerd, Michael San Jose, Scott Geib, Julian Dupuis, Luc Leblanc, Norman Barr, Elaida Fiegalan, Kimberley Y. Morris, Daniel Rubinoff

Species that are dispersed across oceanic islands can have strong population structure due to genetic isolation, which makes it difficult to determine realistic and meaningful species boundaries. This becomes especially problematic when pest species are involved, and can result in undetected new invasions. The mango fruit fly, Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner), is currently considered to be one of five morphologically similar members in a monophyletic species group distributed across Southeast Asia, Australasia, and Oceania, including three major pests. We used a phylogenomic approach with highly multiplexed amplicon sequencing to test species limits and evaluate the relationships among species in the B. frauenfeldi species complex and two closely related species. We obtained sequence data from 196 specimens for 395 nuclear DNA loci, totalling 102 kb, of which 2.2 kb were parsimony informative sites. Based on morphology, biogeography, and phylogenetic analyses, we conclude that there are five distinct species in the complex in our phylogeny. Our results show that the morphological differences between B. frauenfeldi and B. albistrigata (de Meijere) are part of a continuum that cannot be phylogenetically separated into monophyletic groups. We therefore synonymize the names of two major pests: B. albistrigata syn. rev. with B. frauenfeldi, making B. frauenfeldi now recognized as a widespread pest across Australasia and Southeast Asia. We evaluated the use of COI for pest recognition and conclude that it cannot reliably distinguish between six of the seven species we studied, thus new molecular approaches will be necessary for effective management and the prevention of incursions.

由于遗传隔离,分散在海洋岛屿上的物种可能具有强大的种群结构,这使得难以确定现实和有意义的物种边界。当涉及到有害物种时,这变得尤其成问题,并可能导致未被发现的新入侵。芒果果蝇,Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner),目前被认为是分布在东南亚,大洋洲和大洋洲的单系物种群中五个形态相似的成员之一,包括三种主要害虫。我们使用系统基因组学方法与高度多路扩增子测序来测试物种限制,并评估在B. frauenfeldi物种复合体和两个密切相关的物种之间的关系。我们从196份标本中获得395个核DNA位点的序列数据,总计102 kb,其中2.2 kb为简约信息位点。基于形态学、生物地理学和系统发育分析,我们得出结论,在我们的系统发育中有五个不同的物种。我们的结果表明,B. frauenfeldi和B. albistrigata (de Meijere)之间的形态差异是一个连续体的一部分,不能在系统发育上划分为单系群。因此,我们将两种主要害虫的名称同义化:白腹螺旋体(B. albistrigata syn. revv .)与弗氏螺旋体(B. frauenfeldi),使弗氏螺旋体(B. frauenfeldi)现在被认为是在澳大利亚和东南亚广泛存在的害虫。我们评估了COI在害虫识别中的应用,并得出结论,它不能可靠地区分我们研究的7种害虫中的6种,因此需要新的分子方法来有效地管理和预防入侵。
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引用次数: 4
Investment in visual system predicted by floral associations in sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) 花关联对液甲虫视觉系统投资的预测(鞘翅目:液甲虫科)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12558
Gareth S. Powell, Seth M. Bybee

Patterns in morphological variation are a central theme of evolution. Uncovering links between morphological character evolution and natural history, specifically feeding behaviour, is important to understanding biological diversity. Species within the sap beetles (Nitidulidae) exhibit a tremendous diversity of feeding behaviours. This immense diversity of feeding can be seen both between major lineages and very closely related taxa. Feeding behaviour diversity may drive morphological variation in several character systems (e.g., eyes). For example, in a shift from feeding on rotting fruit to flower-visiting (anthophily), selective pressures on the visual system may vary and ultimately lead to differences in eye morphology. We tested for potential morphological shifts in relative eye size among adult beetles. We specifically tested for significant relationships between relative eye size and the following factors flower-visiting and sex. We also tested for the influence of phylogeny on the evolution of relative eye size, implementing tests of trait correlation across a topology. We found greater relative eye size in taxa exhibiting anthophilous behaviour, regardless of phylogenetic relatedness or feeding behaviour of sister taxa. We were unable to recover a relationship between relative eye size and sex. Thus, feeding behaviour is currently the strongest predictor of eye size in sap beetles.

形态变异中的模式是进化的中心主题。揭示形态特征进化与自然史,特别是进食行为之间的联系,对于理解生物多样性很重要。树液甲虫(Nitidulidae)中的物种表现出巨大的觅食行为多样性。在主要谱系和亲缘关系非常密切的分类群之间都可以看到这种巨大的觅食多样性。进食行为的多样性可能会导致几个特征系统(如眼睛)的形态变化。例如,在从以腐烂的水果为食转向访花(花)的过程中,视觉系统上的选择性压力可能会发生变化,最终导致眼睛形态的差异。我们测试了成年甲虫眼睛相对大小的潜在形态变化。我们专门测试了相对眼睛大小与以下因素之间的显著关系——访花和性别。我们还测试了系统发育对相对眼睛大小进化的影响,实现了拓扑结构中特征相关性的测试。我们发现,无论姐妹分类群的系统发育相关性或进食行为如何,表现出花性行为的分类群的相对眼睛大小都更大。我们无法恢复相对眼睛大小和性别之间的关系。因此,进食行为是目前树液甲虫眼睛大小的最强预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Delimiting continuity: Comparison of target enrichment and double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing for delineating admixing parapatric Melitaea butterflies 划定连续性:目标富集和双消化限制位点相关DNA测序的比较,用于划定混合准蝶
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12557
M. Joshi, M. Espeland, V. Dincă, R. Vilà, M. S. Tahami, Lars Dietz, C. Mayer, S. Martin, L. Dapporto, M. Mutanen
Parapatrically distributed taxa pose a challenge for species delimitation due to the presence of gene flow and inherent arbitrariness of exactly defining the species boundaries in such systems. We tackled the problem of species delimitation in a parapatric species pair of Melitaea butterflies using two popular genomic methods—double digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) and target enrichment. We compared newly generated target enrichment dataset with 1733 loci to the already available ddRAD data from a previous study on the same set of specimens using a suite of phylogenetic, population genetic, and species delimitation methods. We recovered consistent phylogenetic relationships across the datasets, both demonstrating the presence of a genetically distinct Balkan lineage and paraphyly of Melitaea athalia with respect to Melitaea celadussa. Population genetic STRUCTURE analyses supported the presence of two species when using ddRAD data, but three species when using target enrichment, while a Bayes factor delimitation analysis found both two and three species scenarios equally decisive in both datasets. As the results obtained from both methods were largely congruent, we discuss some practical considerations and benefits of target enrichment over RAD sequencing. We conclude that the choice of method of genomic data collection does not influence the results of phylogenetic analyses at alpha taxonomic level, given a sufficient number of loci. Finally, we recommend a solution for delineating species in parapatric scenarios by proposing that parapatric taxa be consistently classified as subspecies or complete species, but not both, to promote taxonomic stability.
由于基因流的存在和物种边界精确界定的随意性,准地理分布的分类群给物种划分带来了挑战。本文采用两种常用的基因组学方法——双消化限制位点相关DNA测序(ddRAD)和靶标富集方法,研究了双消化限制位点相关DNA测序(ddRAD)对Melitaea butterflies的物种划分问题。我们使用一套系统发育、群体遗传学和物种划分方法,将新生成的含有1733个位点的目标富集数据集与先前对同一组标本的研究中已有的ddRAD数据进行了比较。我们在数据集中恢复了一致的系统发育关系,既证明了遗传上独特的巴尔干血统的存在,也证明了相对于celadussa的Melitaea athalia的部分存在。群体遗传结构分析表明,在ddRAD数据中存在2个物种,而在目标富集数据中存在3个物种,而贝叶斯因子划分分析发现,在两个数据集中,2种和3种情景同样具有决定性。由于两种方法获得的结果在很大程度上是一致的,我们讨论了一些实际考虑因素和目标富集相对于RAD测序的好处。我们得出结论,如果有足够数量的基因座,基因组数据收集方法的选择不会影响α分类水平的系统发育分析结果。最后,我们提出了一种解决方案,即在类群划分中应将类群划分为亚种或完全种,而不是两者都划分,以促进分类的稳定性。
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引用次数: 2
Unearthing underground predators: The head morphology of larvae of the moth lacewing genus Ithone Newman (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) and its functional and phylogenetic implications 发掘地下捕食者:草蛉属(神经翅目:草蛉科)幼虫头部形态及其功能和系统发育意义
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12556
Di Li, F. Friedrich, Kenny Jandausch, H. Pohl, Xingyue Liu, R. Beutel
Moth lacewings (Ithonidae) are a rare group of Neuroptera with an unusual subterranean larval life‐style. We examined external and internal head structures of an older‐instar larva of Ithone Newman with a broad spectrum of techniques. Larval autapomorphies, likely correlated with the subterranean habits, are the compact and shovel‐shaped head, unusually massive mandibular‐maxillary stylets, and a C‐shaped postcephalic body. Other cephalic autapomorphies are the massive X‐shaped tentorium, incurved antennae, and a strongly developed M. verticopharyngalis. The visual organs are distinctly simplified but a single functional stemma on each side of head is retained despite of the subterranean habits. In contrast to previous studies, a well‐developed gular sclerite is present in Ithonidae, possibly a secondary acquisition. A cephalic gland complex and poison channel are present, with an unexpected additional lateral accessory gland and an additional lateral channel. The poison glands and dual channels very clearly indicate that the larvae are predators, contradicting the phytophagous habits formerly postulated. Compared with soil‐inhabiting scarabaeoid beetle larvae, striking differences of head structures are due to different feeding habits and phylogenetic constraints. Morphological similarities like a C‐shaped postcephalic body and strongly developed legs suitable for burrowing in soil are evolutionary parallels associated with the subterranean life‐style in the two non‐related groups. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was carried out with an updated morphological matrix. The results were compared with a phylogeny based on anchored hybrid enrichment data. The evolutionary transformations of selected characters were evaluated using phylogenies estimated from both datasets.
草蛉是一种罕见的神经翅目昆虫,其幼虫在地下的生活方式非同寻常。我们用广泛的技术检查了伊托尼·纽曼(Ithone Newman)老龄幼虫的外部和内部头部结构。幼虫的自异形可能与地下生活习性有关,包括紧凑的铲形头部,异常巨大的下颌-上颌柱头,以及C形的头后体。其他的头侧自形畸形包括巨大的X形触手、弯曲的触角和高度发育的垂咽支原体。视觉器官明显简化,但头部两侧保留了一个单一的功能系统,尽管有地下的习惯。与先前的研究相反,在Ithonidae中存在一个发育良好的规则巩膜,可能是二次获得的。出现头腺复体和中毒通道,并有一个意外的附加侧副腺和附加侧通道。毒腺和双通道非常清楚地表明幼虫是捕食者,这与以前假设的植食性习惯相矛盾。与土栖金龟子幼虫相比,其头部结构的显著差异是由于不同的摄食习性和系统发育限制所致。形态上的相似性,如C形的头后身体和适合在土壤中挖洞的强壮的腿,是两个非相关群体地下生活方式的进化相似之处。利用更新后的形态矩阵进行贝叶斯系统发育分析。结果与基于锚定杂交富集数据的系统发育进行了比较。利用从两个数据集估计的系统发育来评估所选性状的进化转化。
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引用次数: 2
Phylogeny, biogeography and classification of Teletisoptera (Blattaria: Isoptera) Teletisoptera的系统发育、生物地理学和分类(蜚蠊目:等翅目)
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12548
Menglin Wang, S. Hellemans, J. Šobotník, J. Arora, A. Buček, D. Sillam-Dussès, C. Clitheroe, Tomer Lu, N. Lo, M. Engel, Y. Roisin, T. Evans, T. Bourguignon
Termites are social cockroaches distributed throughout warm temperate and tropical ecosystems. The ancestor of modern termites roamed the earth during the early Cretaceous, suggesting that both vicariance and overseas dispersal may have shaped the distribution of early diverging termites. We investigate the historical biogeography of three early diverging termite families –Stolotermitidae, Hodotermitidae and Archotermopsidae (clade Teletisoptera) – using the nuclear rRNA genes and mitochondrial genomes of 27 samples. Our analyses confirm the monophyly of Teletisoptera, with Stolotermitidae diverging from Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae approximately 100 Ma. Although Hodotermitidae are monophyletic, our results demonstrate the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the timing of divergence among the main lineages of Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae are compatible with vicariance. In the Stolotermitidae, however, the common ancestors of modern Porotermes Hagen and Stolotermes Hagen are roughly as old as 20 and 35 Ma, respectively, indicating that the presence of these genera in South America, Africa and Australia involved over‐water dispersals. Overall, our results suggest that early diverging termite lineages acquired their current distribution through a combination of over‐water dispersals and dispersal via land bridges. We clarify the classification by resolving the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae, restricting the family to Archotermopsis Desneux and Zootermopsis Emerson and elevating Hodotermopsinae (Hodotermopsis Holmgren) as Hodotermopsidae (status novum).
白蚁是群居蟑螂,分布在暖温带和热带生态系统中。现代白蚁的祖先在白垩纪早期在地球上漫游,这表明替代性和海外传播可能塑造了早期分化白蚁的分布。我们使用27个样本的核rRNA基因和线粒体基因组,研究了三个早期分化白蚁科的历史生物地理学——白蚁科、Hodotermidae和Archotermosidae(Teletisoptera分支)。我们的分析证实了Teletisoptera的单系性,Storotermidae与Hodotermidae+Archotermosidae的分化约为100 马。虽然Hodotermidae是单系的,但我们的结果证明了Archotermosidae的副系性。系统发育分析表明,Hodotermidae+Archotermosidae主要谱系之间的分化时间与亲缘关系是一致的。然而,在盗蛛科中,现代盗蛛和盗蛛的共同祖先大约在20岁和35岁之间 Ma,表明这些属在南美洲、非洲和澳大利亚的存在涉及水上分散。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,早期分化的白蚁谱系是通过水上分散和陆桥分散的组合获得当前分布的。我们通过解决Archotermosidae的并列性,将该家族限制为Archotermpsis Desneux和Zootermopsis Emerson,并将Hodotermosinae(Hodotermosis Holmgren)提升为Hodotermisidae(status novum)来澄清分类。
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引用次数: 7
Nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA as a potential problem for phylogenetic and population genetic studies of Odonata 线粒体DNA的核拷贝是蜻蜓系统发育和群体遗传学研究的一个潜在问题
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12550
Stanislav Ožana, A. Dolný, T. Pánek
The use of mitochondrial markers for taxonomic identification and biodiversity monitoring is not without risks or limitations. Most importantly, the natural transfer of DNA from the mitochondria to the nucleus generates nonfunctional nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs). Their abundance and size vary significantly among taxa, and NUMTs have been reported to complicate molecular studies based on mitochondrial markers in several insect orders, most prominently in Orthoptera. The significance of this phenomenon in Odonata has not yet been properly addressed. Here, we present a complete mitochondrial genome and a draft nuclear genome of Leucorrhinia albifrons (Odonata: Libellulidae), as well as NUMT and cox1 sequences from the related species Leucorrhinia dubia. We document the presence of NUMTs in the L. albifrons nuclear genome and in nuclear genomes of two other Odonata species available in public databases. Our results show that NUMTs can have a serious impact on barcoding, phylogenetic, population and phylogeographic studies of Odonata, especially when the barcode is located in the cox1 gene, the most frequently used molecular marker for Odonata. We suggest that nad1 should be used alone or in combination with cox1 to minimize unintended confusion with NUMTs. Finally, we present a mitophylogenomic analysis of Odonata and document several cases of misidentified mitochondrial genomes belonging to species different from those indicated in public databases. In conclusion, our findings represent an important step for future metabarcoding studies of Odonata based on mitochondrial DNA markers.
使用线粒体标记进行分类鉴定和生物多样性监测并非没有风险或局限性。最重要的是,DNA从线粒体自然转移到细胞核会产生线粒体DNA的无功能细胞核拷贝(NUMT)。它们的丰度和大小在不同的分类群中差异很大,据报道,NUMT使基于线粒体标记的分子研究复杂化,在直翅目中最为突出。这种现象在蜻蜓中的重要性尚未得到适当的解决。在这里,我们展示了白鳍豚(Odonata:Libellulidae)的完整线粒体基因组和核基因组草案,以及相关物种白鳍豚的NUMT和cox1序列。我们记录了在L.albifrons核基因组和公共数据库中可用的另外两个Ododata物种的核基因组中存在NUMT。我们的研究结果表明,NUMTs可以对Ododata的条形码、系统发育、种群和系统地理学研究产生严重影响,尤其是当条形码位于最常用的Ododata分子标记cox1基因时。我们建议nad1应单独使用或与cox1联合使用,以尽量减少与NUMT的意外混淆。最后,我们对Ododata进行了线粒体系统发育分析,并记录了几例线粒体基因组被错误识别的案例,这些基因组属于与公共数据库中显示的不同的物种。总之,我们的发现为未来基于线粒体DNA标记的Ododa代谢编码研究迈出了重要一步。
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引用次数: 6
From modern to classic: Classification of the planthopper family Issidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) derived from a total‐evidence phylogeny 从现代到经典:飞虱科(半翅目,飞虱科,飞虱科)的全证据系统发育分类
IF 4.8 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/syen.12546
V. Gnezdilov, F. Konstantinov, A. Namyatova
The Issidae are highly diverse in terms of morphology and species richness. Despite recent efforts, the internal phylogeny and classification of this planthopper family remain controversial. Here, we present a phylogeny of the family inferred with Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of a nine‐gene molecular dataset (4702 bp) and morphological data (35 characters) across a broad sample of taxa (99 terminals). Based on these results, we verify the taxonomic status of the issid subfamilies, tribes and generic complexes. Results revealed a well‐supported basal dichotomy of the family into two clades, corresponding to the subfamilies Issinae and Hysteropterinae. Within Issinae, the tribes Issini, Thioniini, Sarimini, Hemisphaeriini, Parahiraciini and Kodaianellini were recovered with high support. Four strongly statistically supported clades were revealed within the subfamily Hysteropterinae, but we refrain from taxonomic decisions in the absence of morphological characters to diagnose the clades A–C. Interestingly, the obtained results are in good agreement with L. Melichar's view on Issidae classification suggested more than a century ago. Our results challenge an early Cretaceous origin of the Issidae and the basal split of the family between Neotropical taxa (Thioniini) and the remaining issids.
伊萨科在形态和物种丰富度方面高度多样化。尽管最近做出了努力,但这个稻飞虱科的内部系统发育和分类仍然存在争议。在这里,我们介绍了通过贝叶斯和九基因分子数据集的最大似然分析推断的该家族的系统发育(4702 bp)和形态数据(35个性状)。基于这些结果,我们验证了issid亚科、部落和属群的分类地位。结果显示,该科基本上分为两个支,分别对应于Issinae和Hysteropterinae亚科。在Issinae内部,Issini、Thioniini、Sarimini、Hemisphaeriini、Parahiraciini和Kodaianelini部落在高度支持下被收复。在Hysteropterinae亚科中发现了四个有统计学支持的分支,但在缺乏形态学特征的情况下,我们避免进行分类决策来诊断分支A–C。有趣的是,所获得的结果与一个多世纪前L.Melichar关于伊萨科分类的观点非常一致。我们的研究结果挑战了伊萨科白垩纪早期的起源,以及该科在新热带分类群(Thioniini)和其余伊萨科之间的基础分裂。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Systematic Entomology
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