Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190619084913
A. Fakhry, Eman T El Kenany
Floristic composition of volcanic landforms in Saudi Arabia is lacking. Therefore, the present study is carried out to assess the floristic composition, life form and chorology of the recorded species in Harrat ArRahah; ancient basaltic volcanic field lies south of Tabuk town. A total of 135 species belonging to 99 genera and 34 families were recorded. About 43% of the recorded species in the study area are belonging to five families of which, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae have the highest contribution (38%). The data also reflects the high taxonomic diversity in the study area especially when compared with the ratio estimated for the total area of Saudi Arabia. Chorological characteristic of the recorded flora showed that Saharo-Arabian and Irano-Turanian elements constitute 48.1% of the total flora. Among the species recorded in the present study, fourteen species (10%) are endangered. Although Rheum palaestinum is mentioned in flora of Saudi Arabia as an extinct species, three individuals of this species is recorded in the study area. Astragalus collenettiae is the only endemic species recorded in the study area. The presence of Rheum palaestinum and Astragalus collenettiae in the ancient volcanic habitat of Harrat ArRahah, and because the area support a considerable number of the endangered plant species in Saudi Arabia, therefore, the protection of these landforms is of the utmost importance. Moreover, the area is botanically virgin and not explored extensively and intensively even though rich in vegetation, so, further detailed studies of the area are strongly recommended.
{"title":"Plant biodiversity in Harrat ArRahah solidified lava area, southern Tabuk province, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Fakhry, Eman T El Kenany","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190619084913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190619084913","url":null,"abstract":"Floristic composition of volcanic landforms in Saudi Arabia is lacking. Therefore, the present study is carried out to assess the floristic composition, life form and chorology of the recorded species in Harrat ArRahah; ancient basaltic volcanic field lies south of Tabuk town. A total of 135 species belonging to 99 genera and 34 families were recorded. About 43% of the recorded species in the study area are belonging to five families of which, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae have the highest contribution (38%). The data also reflects the high taxonomic diversity in the study area especially when compared with the ratio estimated for the total area of Saudi Arabia. Chorological characteristic of the recorded flora showed that Saharo-Arabian and Irano-Turanian elements constitute 48.1% of the total flora. Among the species recorded in the present study, fourteen species (10%) are endangered. Although Rheum palaestinum is mentioned in flora of Saudi Arabia as an extinct species, three individuals of this species is recorded in the study area. Astragalus collenettiae is the only endemic species recorded in the study area. The presence of Rheum palaestinum and Astragalus collenettiae in the ancient volcanic habitat of Harrat ArRahah, and because the area support a considerable number of the endangered plant species in Saudi Arabia, therefore, the protection of these landforms is of the utmost importance. Moreover, the area is botanically virgin and not explored extensively and intensively even though rich in vegetation, so, further detailed studies of the area are strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87943992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190624023039
Afaf sawei, N. Ibrahim, D. Abdou, F. El-Rahman, M. Abouzeid
In aquaculture, Aflatoxins are the most recorded between all mycotoxins. It seems to be particularly prone to deposition in several fish tissues representing a risk for human consumption. Aspergillus flavus is the major producer of aflatoxin that commonly contaminates food and feed all over the world. A total of 57 finished fish feed samples were collected from feed factories in Cairo, Dakahlia and Kafr El Sheikh governorates, Egypt. Twenty nine fungal isolates belonging to four species were recovered from the collected feedstock. A. flavus was the most frequently isolated species (29.82%) compared with the other fungal species which include: A. parasiticus (12.28%), F. oxysporum (7.01%) and F. sporotrichioides (1.75%).Mycotoxin profile was determined using high performance liquid chromatography, Aflatoxins were detected in the culture filtrate of only 4 isolates of A. flavus out of the 17 examined these four isolates were deposited under the strain codes: AUMC 13909, AUMC 13910, AUMC 13911 and AUMC 13917. A. flavus strain AUMC13917 can produce both aflatoxins B1 (1.016 µg /L) and B2 (0.314 µg /L). while, the remaining three isolates AUMC13909, AUMC 13910 & AUMC 13911 were able to produce only aflatoxin B1 (8.082 µg/L, 1.617 µg/L & 0.141µg/L, respectively). Naturally occurring aflatoxin B1 was also detected in 4 samples of fish feed and a single sample was contaminated with aflatoxin B2. Aflatoxin B1 was the prevalent mycotoxin within the collected feed samples, which is the most toxic aflatoxin chemotype. Yield of this aflatoxin differed between A. flavus strains and concentrations ranged from 0.106 to 11.546 mg/kg. The levels of aflatoxin detected in this study point to possible potential risks to fish health, performance and to aquaculture future investment.
{"title":"Aspergilli and aflatoxin B in finished feed for farmed Nile tilapia","authors":"Afaf sawei, N. Ibrahim, D. Abdou, F. El-Rahman, M. Abouzeid","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190624023039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190624023039","url":null,"abstract":"In aquaculture, Aflatoxins are the most recorded between all mycotoxins. It seems to be particularly prone to deposition in several fish tissues representing a risk for human consumption. Aspergillus flavus is the major producer of aflatoxin that commonly contaminates food and feed all over the world. A total of 57 finished fish feed samples were collected from feed factories in Cairo, Dakahlia and Kafr El Sheikh governorates, Egypt. Twenty nine fungal isolates belonging to four species were recovered from the collected feedstock. A. flavus was the most frequently isolated species (29.82%) compared with the other fungal species which include: A. parasiticus (12.28%), F. oxysporum (7.01%) and F. sporotrichioides (1.75%).Mycotoxin profile was determined using high performance liquid chromatography, Aflatoxins were detected in the culture filtrate of only 4 isolates of A. flavus out of the 17 examined these four isolates were deposited under the strain codes: AUMC 13909, AUMC 13910, AUMC 13911 and AUMC 13917. A. flavus strain AUMC13917 can produce both aflatoxins B1 (1.016 µg /L) and B2 (0.314 µg /L). while, the remaining three isolates AUMC13909, AUMC 13910 & AUMC 13911 were able to produce only aflatoxin B1 (8.082 µg/L, 1.617 µg/L & 0.141µg/L, respectively). Naturally occurring aflatoxin B1 was also detected in 4 samples of fish feed and a single sample was contaminated with aflatoxin B2. Aflatoxin B1 was the prevalent mycotoxin within the collected feed samples, which is the most toxic aflatoxin chemotype. Yield of this aflatoxin differed between A. flavus strains and concentrations ranged from 0.106 to 11.546 mg/kg. The levels of aflatoxin detected in this study point to possible potential risks to fish health, performance and to aquaculture future investment.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73214188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190712101824
M. A. Shiha
Tepal micromorphological characters of 15 species belonging to six genera of the tribe polygonoideae (Polygonaceae) in Egypt has been investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to assess the value and utility of the micromorphological topology of the tepals as an additional source of evidence in diagnosis and separation of Polygonaceae. The tepal surface have revealed some striking differences among the studied species. Four main patterns of sculpturing can be recognized viz. Favulariate, tuberculate, scalariform, and irregular reticulate. The cell surface is marked with striae, which exhibit various patterns of distribution. The microcharacters of tepals are discussed in relation to taxonomy and proved their significance in distinction between the studied taxa at the generic and specific levels. An identification key based on the tepal surface feature is provided.
{"title":"Tepal surface micromorphology and its taxonomic implications in some species of Polygonaceae in Egypt","authors":"M. A. Shiha","doi":"10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190712101824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190712101824","url":null,"abstract":"Tepal micromorphological characters of 15 species belonging to six genera of the tribe polygonoideae (Polygonaceae) in Egypt has been investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to assess the value and utility of the micromorphological topology of the tepals as an additional source of evidence in diagnosis and separation of Polygonaceae. The tepal surface have revealed some striking differences among the studied species. Four main patterns of sculpturing can be recognized viz. Favulariate, tuberculate, scalariform, and irregular reticulate. The cell surface is marked with striae, which exhibit various patterns of distribution. The microcharacters of tepals are discussed in relation to taxonomy and proved their significance in distinction between the studied taxa at the generic and specific levels. An identification key based on the tepal surface feature is provided.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73218888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190613022931
M. Salim, M. A. Shiha, Safaa A. Mohamed, Azza A. Shhata, W. Taia
The Crassulaceae faced many arguments considering its taxonomic relationship with the nearby families. The present study based on the examination of 23 taxa (22 representing Crassulaceae and Saxifraga sarmentosa representing Saxifragaceae as an outgroup). The macro- and micromorphological characters of the studied taxa viz. stem, lamina anatomy, lamina epidermal characteristics were investigated by the aid of LM and SEM as well as molecular characters. All the obtained macr-, and micrmorphological characters as well as molecular data are subjected to PAST program Version 3.16. The aim of the present study is to integrate the morphological and molecular taxonomic tools to produce a more realistic and accurate phenogram in expressing the true relationships among the taxa under investigation and give point of view in classification systems of the family. The macro- and micromorphological characters are summarized in cumulative tables and illustrated colored plates, discussed and compared with other studies and previous taxonomic systems. The molecular data sequence and accession number were upload on gene bank data base. The obtained phenogram segregates the 22 of Crassulaceae OTUs into into two main groups and three subgroups (a1, a2 and a3) that correspond to the three tribes (Sedeae, umbiliceae and Kalanchoeae) respectively.
{"title":"Phenetic analysis on some taxa of Crassulaceae DC. based on morphological and molecular criteria","authors":"M. Salim, M. A. Shiha, Safaa A. Mohamed, Azza A. Shhata, W. Taia","doi":"10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190613022931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190613022931","url":null,"abstract":"The Crassulaceae faced many arguments considering its taxonomic relationship with the nearby families. The present study based on the examination of 23 taxa (22 representing Crassulaceae and Saxifraga sarmentosa representing Saxifragaceae as an outgroup). The macro- and micromorphological characters of the studied taxa viz. stem, lamina anatomy, lamina epidermal characteristics were investigated by the aid of LM and SEM as well as molecular characters. All the obtained macr-, and micrmorphological characters as well as molecular data are subjected to PAST program Version 3.16. The aim of the present study is to integrate the morphological and molecular taxonomic tools to produce a more realistic and accurate phenogram in expressing the true relationships among the taxa under investigation and give point of view in classification systems of the family. The macro- and micromorphological characters are summarized in cumulative tables and illustrated colored plates, discussed and compared with other studies and previous taxonomic systems. The molecular data sequence and accession number were upload on gene bank data base. The obtained phenogram segregates the 22 of Crassulaceae OTUs into into two main groups and three subgroups (a1, a2 and a3) that correspond to the three tribes (Sedeae, umbiliceae and Kalanchoeae) respectively.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87128566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190502012619
M. Sayed
Mycoflora associated with A. hirochuntica plants isolated from different parts of Egypt were screened during six monthly isolates from January to June 2018. A total of 1571 fungal colonies constituting twenty four fungal species which related to ten genera were isolated and identified. Aspergillus niger recorded the highest number among isolated fungi where 823 colonies were isolated with a relative density of 52.39 %; followed by Aspergillus flavus where 311 colonies, representing 19.80 % relative density. Only Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were recorded in all monthly isolates. Other isolated fungal species recorded relative density less than 6 %. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts (200 mg/ml) of Anastatica hierochuntica L. were assayed against isolated fungal species with the highest relative density, which were: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium fuscum, Stemphyllium piriforme Bonorden, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus nidulans, A. ustus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria humicola. Disc diffusion method was used in this assay. Ethanolic extract recorded inhibition zone diameters greater than that of aquous extract. MiC values of ethanolic extract of A. hierochuntica were much less than that of aquous extract; even the MIC value was not detected in some tested fungal species.
{"title":"Survey of Associated Mycoflora and Antifungal Activity of Aquous and Ethanolic extracts of Anastatica hierochuntica L.","authors":"M. Sayed","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190502012619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190502012619","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoflora associated with A. hirochuntica plants isolated from different parts of Egypt were screened during six monthly isolates from January to June 2018. A total of 1571 fungal colonies constituting twenty four fungal species which related to ten genera were isolated and identified. Aspergillus niger recorded the highest number among isolated fungi where 823 colonies were isolated with a relative density of 52.39 %; followed by Aspergillus flavus where 311 colonies, representing 19.80 % relative density. Only Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were recorded in all monthly isolates. Other isolated fungal species recorded relative density less than 6 %. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts (200 mg/ml) of Anastatica hierochuntica L. were assayed against isolated fungal species with the highest relative density, which were: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium fuscum, Stemphyllium piriforme Bonorden, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus nidulans, A. ustus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria humicola. Disc diffusion method was used in this assay. Ethanolic extract recorded inhibition zone diameters greater than that of aquous extract. MiC values of ethanolic extract of A. hierochuntica were much less than that of aquous extract; even the MIC value was not detected in some tested fungal species.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82006840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20191218083859
M. Shaaban, H. Salama
Cellulose-producing bacteria were isolated from different sources as rotten fruits, rotten vegetables and soil samples. The most efficient cellulose-producing bacteria was isolated from rotten local apple and identified as Komagataeibacter hansenii (MH1) by biochemical, morphological and 16S rRNA testes. Different media for bacterial cellulose (BC) production were tested and the most efficient one was glucose ethanol acetic acid medium (GAM medium). Optimization of nutritional and environmental conditions for bacterial cellulose production were studied. The best conditions for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter hansenii (MH1) were 20 g/l sucrose, 10 g/l peptone, 4 ml/l acetic acid, 7ml/l ethanol at 30°C, pH 3.46 for 15 days under static culture with 5.86 g/l bacterial cellulose production. The isolated strain Komagataeibacter hansenii (MH1) was found to produce cellulose on low cost raw material begasse as it can use it as carbon source with 1.71 g/l dry BC and use it also as carbon+ nitrogen source with 1.41g/l dry BC for bacterial cellulose production but the amount of BC produced was lower than that produced on modified GAM medium.
{"title":"Optimum conditions for cellulose production by bacteria isolated from local apple in Egypt","authors":"M. Shaaban, H. Salama","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20191218083859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20191218083859","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose-producing bacteria were isolated from different sources as rotten fruits, rotten vegetables and soil samples. The most efficient cellulose-producing bacteria was isolated from rotten local apple and identified as Komagataeibacter hansenii (MH1) by biochemical, morphological and 16S rRNA testes. Different media for bacterial cellulose (BC) production were tested and the most efficient one was glucose ethanol acetic acid medium (GAM medium). Optimization of nutritional and environmental conditions for bacterial cellulose production were studied. The best conditions for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter hansenii (MH1) were 20 g/l sucrose, 10 g/l peptone, 4 ml/l acetic acid, 7ml/l ethanol at 30°C, pH 3.46 for 15 days under static culture with 5.86 g/l bacterial cellulose production. The isolated strain Komagataeibacter hansenii (MH1) was found to produce cellulose on low cost raw material begasse as it can use it as carbon source with 1.71 g/l dry BC and use it also as carbon+ nitrogen source with 1.41g/l dry BC for bacterial cellulose production but the amount of BC produced was lower than that produced on modified GAM medium.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82669814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20181217085315
W. Hamza, Samia . S.Abouelkheir, Hala Taha, Thoria Diab
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) attracted great attention due to their unusual and fascinating properties, and applications in many fields. The synthesis of AuNPs was mediated by Spirulina platensis which observed by the color change from yellow to red and detected using UV-visible spectra that showed a strong absorption peak at 400 nm indicating the presence of AuNPs. Characterization was performed through different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which the spectral analysis of Spirulina platensis AuNPs shows an array of absorbance bands at 3459.8906, 1643.0157, 1383.9352, 1107.1169, and 674.4665 cm−1. The application of gold nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent was examined which AuNPs possessed antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. The most pronounced effect was against Enterococcus faecalis recording an inhibition zone of 2.6 mm.
{"title":"Spirulina platensis gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and its activity against cancer cell lines and as antioxidant agents","authors":"W. Hamza, Samia . S.Abouelkheir, Hala Taha, Thoria Diab","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20181217085315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20181217085315","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) attracted great attention due to their unusual and fascinating properties, and applications in many fields. The synthesis of AuNPs was mediated by Spirulina platensis which observed by the color change from yellow to red and detected using UV-visible spectra that showed a strong absorption peak at 400 nm indicating the presence of AuNPs. Characterization was performed through different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which the spectral analysis of Spirulina platensis AuNPs shows an array of absorbance bands at 3459.8906, 1643.0157, 1383.9352, 1107.1169, and 674.4665 cm−1. The application of gold nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent was examined which AuNPs possessed antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens. The most pronounced effect was against Enterococcus faecalis recording an inhibition zone of 2.6 mm.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"732 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78760654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190101113625
H. Hassan, AZZAEl-Shafey
The main target of the present work was to investigate the effects of two different concentrations (1 and 5 ppm) of lanthanum nitrate on the susceptibility of V.sinensis seeds to pathogen infection during germination stage.The relatively low applied concentration of La-nitrate (1 ppm) led to rapid emergence of radicles, significant increase in percentage of germination and a significant decrease in percentage of infected seeds. Also,there was a significant increase in major growth attributes of the developed seedlings. The biochemical activities of Vigna sinensis L. responded well to the low concentration of La-nitrate and participated in acquisition of pathogen tolerance and in growth enhancement of the seedlings. Thus, in response to the relatively low applied concentration of La-nitrate a significant increase in total soluble sugars, amino acids, total nitrogen, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds was obtained mean while the content of cytosolic calcium subjected to a significant decrease. On the other hand, application of a relatively high concentration of La-nitrate (5 ppm), via disturbing the biochemical activities had retarded seed germination, major defensive mechanism, hence increased susceptibility to pathogen infection and retarded seedling growth.
{"title":"Alleviation of Pathogen Susceptibility of Vigna sinensis L. seeds using lanthanum Nitrate","authors":"H. Hassan, AZZAEl-Shafey","doi":"10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190101113625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190101113625","url":null,"abstract":"The main target of the present work was to investigate the effects of two different concentrations (1 and 5 ppm) of lanthanum nitrate on the susceptibility of V.sinensis seeds to pathogen infection during germination stage.The relatively low applied concentration of La-nitrate (1 ppm) led to rapid emergence of radicles, significant increase in percentage of germination and a significant decrease in percentage of infected seeds. Also,there was a significant increase in major growth attributes of the developed seedlings. The biochemical activities of Vigna sinensis L. responded well to the low concentration of La-nitrate and participated in acquisition of pathogen tolerance and in growth enhancement of the seedlings. Thus, in response to the relatively low applied concentration of La-nitrate a significant increase in total soluble sugars, amino acids, total nitrogen, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds was obtained mean while the content of cytosolic calcium subjected to a significant decrease. On the other hand, application of a relatively high concentration of La-nitrate (5 ppm), via disturbing the biochemical activities had retarded seed germination, major defensive mechanism, hence increased susceptibility to pathogen infection and retarded seedling growth.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75927117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190111081336
Gouda T. M. Dawoud, Mohamed E. A.Dawoud, Yousef E. Abdel Mawgood
ABSTRACT Susceptibility of some gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacterial-pathogens to combinations of MRSA-growth inhibiting antibiotics (MGIA), MRSA growth non-inhibiting antibiotics (MGNIA) and some plant extracts, separately or in groups were investigated. The results revealed that combinations from MGNIA (Gentamycin with Co trimoxazole), MGIA (Vancomycin with Ciprofloxacin) and MGNIA with MGIA (Gentamycin with Imipenem) were determinative for the growth of most tested GIT-pathogens. On the other hand, aerial shoots of Artimesia monosperma L (Am), Ocimum basilicum L (Ob), Origanum majorana L (Om), Salvia officinalis L (So) and Pelargonium graveolens (Pg) were applied collectively in a mixture (PM) and yield the most lethal effect on the tested pathogens (13.2 IZD). Further total plant mixture (TPM) Foeniculum vulgare (Fv) seed mixture (SM) with PM increased the determinative impact on pathogens growth and resulted in more susceptibility (17.3mm IZD). GC/MC analyses have shown that the major essential oils compounds of TM were β -Pinene 55 %, from (Am), Linalool 46%, Methyl chavicol 14.2% and 1, 8- cineole 12.3% from (Ob), terpinen-4-ol 31% and γ-Terpinene 14% from (Om), camphor 26.4 %, 1, 8- cineole 18% and α-thujone 14% from (So). Citronellol 40% from (Pg), Trans-anethole 66% and 1, 8- cineole12% from (Fv). Moreover, combination of TPM with Gentamicin and Imipenem (TPMGI) had a further upmost synergistic effect (25 mm IZD). The mode of action for TPMGI mixture ingredients may be resulted from the disruption of bacterial cell membrane, blocking of protein synthesis and out diffusion of cellular components.
摘要本文研究了部分胃肠道病原菌对MRSA生长抑制抗生素(MGIA)、MRSA生长非抑制抗生素(MGNIA)和部分植物提取物联合用药的敏感性。结果显示，MGNIA(庆大霉素与Co trimoxazole)、MGIA(万古霉素与环丙沙星)和MGNIA(庆大霉素与亚胺培南)联合对大多数gat病原菌的生长具有决定性作用。单精蒿(amtimesia monosperma L)、basilicum L (Ob)、牛头草(Origanum majorana L (Om))、鼠尾草(Salvia officinalis L (So))和天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens (Pg))的空中芽混合施用(PM)对病原菌的致死效果最高(13.2 IZD)。此外，全植物混合物(TPM)、小茴香(Fv)混合种子(SM)与PM对病原菌生长的决定性影响更大，对病原菌的敏感性更高(17.3mm IZD)。GC/MC分析表明，天牛挥发油的主要挥发油成分为(Am)中β -蒎烯占55%，(Ob)中芳樟醇占46%，甲基chavicol占14.2%，1,8 -桉叶油素占12.3%，(Om)中松油烯-4-醇占31%，γ-松油烯占14%，(So)中樟脑占26.4%，1,8 -桉叶油素占18%，α-图琼占14%。香茅醇40%来自(Pg)，反式茴香醇66%来自(Fv)， 1,8 -桉叶精油12%来自(Fv)。此外，TPM联合庆大霉素和亚胺培南(TPMGI)具有进一步的最高协同效应(25 mm IZD)。TPMGI混合物成分的作用方式可能是由于破坏细菌细胞膜，阻断蛋白质合成和细胞成分的外扩散。
{"title":"Impact Action of Some Volatile Oils and Antibiotics on GIT-Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Gouda T. M. Dawoud, Mohamed E. A.Dawoud, Yousef E. Abdel Mawgood","doi":"10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190111081336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190111081336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Susceptibility of some gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacterial-pathogens to combinations of MRSA-growth inhibiting antibiotics (MGIA), MRSA growth non-inhibiting antibiotics (MGNIA) and some plant extracts, separately or in groups were investigated. The results revealed that combinations from MGNIA (Gentamycin with Co trimoxazole), MGIA (Vancomycin with Ciprofloxacin) and MGNIA with MGIA (Gentamycin with Imipenem) were determinative for the growth of most tested GIT-pathogens. On the other hand, aerial shoots of Artimesia monosperma L (Am), Ocimum basilicum L (Ob), Origanum majorana L (Om), Salvia officinalis L (So) and Pelargonium graveolens (Pg) were applied collectively in a mixture (PM) and yield the most lethal effect on the tested pathogens (13.2 IZD). Further total plant mixture (TPM) Foeniculum vulgare (Fv) seed mixture (SM) with PM increased the determinative impact on pathogens growth and resulted in more susceptibility (17.3mm IZD). GC/MC analyses have shown that the major essential oils compounds of TM were β -Pinene 55 %, from (Am), Linalool 46%, Methyl chavicol 14.2% and 1, 8- cineole 12.3% from (Ob), terpinen-4-ol 31% and γ-Terpinene 14% from (Om), camphor 26.4 %, 1, 8- cineole 18% and α-thujone 14% from (So). Citronellol 40% from (Pg), Trans-anethole 66% and 1, 8- cineole12% from (Fv). Moreover, combination of TPM with Gentamicin and Imipenem (TPMGI) had a further upmost synergistic effect (25 mm IZD). The mode of action for TPMGI mixture ingredients may be resulted from the disruption of bacterial cell membrane, blocking of protein synthesis and out diffusion of cellular components.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79765707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20191107094958
N. Ibrahim
The currently available antifungal drugs have the limitations of toxicity and development of resistance. Hence, the development of new less toxic antifungal agents is urgently required. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of eight synthetic pyrimidines and thiophene derivatives for the first time using in vitro assays against six common fungal pathogens. Six of the examined derivatives showed moderate to high antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic fungal strains. Compound C3 (2-Aminonaphtho[2,1-b]thiophene-1-carbonitrile) was the most effective as it strongly inhibited all the tested fungal strains. It exhibited fungicidal activity (MFC/MIC Ratio ≤ 4) against both M. canis AUMC11663 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=125µg/mL), and T. mentagrophytes AUMC11661 (MIC=125µg/mL and MFC=125µg/mL). Whereas, this compound had a fungistatic effect (MFC/MIC Ratio > 4) against the rest. Compound C4 (2-Aminoindeno[2,1-b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile) showed a potent fungicidal activity against each of T. mentagrophytes AUMC11661 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=31µg/mL) and C. albicans AUMC9142 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=63µg/mL), while it had a fungistatic effect against A. fumigatus AUMC51. Compound C5 (5,6,10-Trihydronaphtho[1′, 2′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-11-one) had also fungicidal effects against T. mentagrophytes AUMC11661 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=63µg/mL) and M. canis AUMC11663 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=31µg/mL) but it showed a slight fungistatic activity against T. rubrum AUMC1804. The remaining compounds exhibited fungistatic activities against some of the tested strains. The evaluation of cytotoxicity of the most potent compound (C3) revealed the safety of its active concentrations. Thus, this study suggests that 2-Aminonaphtho[2,1-b] thiophene-1-carbonitrile (C3) is a promising thiophene derivative for the development of a novel safe effective and broad-spectrum antifungal drug.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of Some Synthetic Heterocyclic Thiophene and Pyrimidine Derivatives","authors":"N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20191107094958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20191107094958","url":null,"abstract":"The currently available antifungal drugs have the limitations of toxicity and development of resistance. Hence, the development of new less toxic antifungal agents is urgently required. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of eight synthetic pyrimidines and thiophene derivatives for the first time using in vitro assays against six common fungal pathogens. Six of the examined derivatives showed moderate to high antifungal activity against the tested pathogenic fungal strains. Compound C3 (2-Aminonaphtho[2,1-b]thiophene-1-carbonitrile) was the most effective as it strongly inhibited all the tested fungal strains. It exhibited fungicidal activity (MFC/MIC Ratio ≤ 4) against both M. canis AUMC11663 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=125µg/mL), and T. mentagrophytes AUMC11661 (MIC=125µg/mL and MFC=125µg/mL). Whereas, this compound had a fungistatic effect (MFC/MIC Ratio > 4) against the rest. Compound C4 (2-Aminoindeno[2,1-b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile) showed a potent fungicidal activity against each of T. mentagrophytes AUMC11661 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=31µg/mL) and C. albicans AUMC9142 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=63µg/mL), while it had a fungistatic effect against A. fumigatus AUMC51. Compound C5 (5,6,10-Trihydronaphtho[1′, 2′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-11-one) had also fungicidal effects against T. mentagrophytes AUMC11661 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=63µg/mL) and M. canis AUMC11663 (MIC=31µg/mL and MFC=31µg/mL) but it showed a slight fungistatic activity against T. rubrum AUMC1804. The remaining compounds exhibited fungistatic activities against some of the tested strains. The evaluation of cytotoxicity of the most potent compound (C3) revealed the safety of its active concentrations. Thus, this study suggests that 2-Aminonaphtho[2,1-b] thiophene-1-carbonitrile (C3) is a promising thiophene derivative for the development of a novel safe effective and broad-spectrum antifungal drug.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86779066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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