Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190227035125
N. H. Abass, Magda Mahmoud El Araby, Hala FatouhSaid, E. Elsherbeny
Echinops spinosus and Fagonia mollis were two plants collected from Wadi Hagul, Eastern desert, Egypt during spring and autumn season (2013). According to the results of this study, Echinops spinosus was considered to be more adapted plant to the environmental stress conditions of this region especially during autumn season. Carotenoids, total soluble sugars, sucrose and proline were more accumulated in F. mollis than E. spinosus plant during this season. Catalase, superoxide dismutase enzymes activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations were also recorded the highest values in tissues of F. mollis plants, which suggested that F. mollis plants were following different strategies to overcome drought and light stresses during autumn season.
{"title":"On the Metabolic Activities of Echinops spinosus and Fagonia mollis in Wadi Hagul, Egypt","authors":"N. H. Abass, Magda Mahmoud El Araby, Hala FatouhSaid, E. Elsherbeny","doi":"10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190227035125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/EGYJEBB.20190227035125","url":null,"abstract":"Echinops spinosus and Fagonia mollis were two plants collected from Wadi Hagul, Eastern desert, Egypt during spring and autumn season (2013). According to the results of this study, Echinops spinosus was considered to be more adapted plant to the environmental stress conditions of this region especially during autumn season. Carotenoids, total soluble sugars, sucrose and proline were more accumulated in F. mollis than E. spinosus plant during this season. Catalase, superoxide dismutase enzymes activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations were also recorded the highest values in tissues of F. mollis plants, which suggested that F. mollis plants were following different strategies to overcome drought and light stresses during autumn season.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84713792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190818073117
Ahmed Elsayed, E. E. Shatoury, Sahar T. M. Tolba
Hexavalent chromium is a toxic heavy metal used in different industries and causes environmental and health problems. In this study three bacterial isolates capable of growing at high concentration of chromium were recovered from Chromium polluted sludge. Chromium reduction was optimized and the optimum pH, temperature and aeration were 7, 30 C 200 rpm respectively for all isolates. The bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus sp., Streptomyces rochei and Pseudomonas sp.. The isolates were mixed and tested as a consortium in Cr(VI) contaminated soil microcosm and showed complete removal of Cr(VI) in soil containing 200 mg Kg-1 and 400 mg Kg-1 after 4 and 7 days of incubation respectively. To determine the possible mechanism of Cr(VI) detoxification, cells of Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces rochei were sonicated after growth on media containing chromate and partial accumulation of chromate inside the bacterial cells was detected. Scanning electron micrograph and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed adhesion of chromium on cells surface. Transmission electron micrograph showed accumulation of chromium particles inside the cells. The mixed consortium could be used for the bioremediation of waste containing hexavalent chromium.
{"title":"Hexavalent chromate reduction in soil microcosm using bacterial consortium","authors":"Ahmed Elsayed, E. E. Shatoury, Sahar T. M. Tolba","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190818073117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190818073117","url":null,"abstract":"Hexavalent chromium is a toxic heavy metal used in different industries and causes environmental and health problems. In this study three bacterial isolates capable of growing at high concentration of chromium were recovered from Chromium polluted sludge. Chromium reduction was optimized and the optimum pH, temperature and aeration were 7, 30 C 200 rpm respectively for all isolates. The bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus sp., Streptomyces rochei and Pseudomonas sp.. The isolates were mixed and tested as a consortium in Cr(VI) contaminated soil microcosm and showed complete removal of Cr(VI) in soil containing 200 mg Kg-1 and 400 mg Kg-1 after 4 and 7 days of incubation respectively. To determine the possible mechanism of Cr(VI) detoxification, cells of Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces rochei were sonicated after growth on media containing chromate and partial accumulation of chromate inside the bacterial cells was detected. Scanning electron micrograph and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed adhesion of chromium on cells surface. Transmission electron micrograph showed accumulation of chromium particles inside the cells. The mixed consortium could be used for the bioremediation of waste containing hexavalent chromium.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84833667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/EGYJEBB.20181213110719
Ravindran Sangeetha Kumari, A. Ganesh, K. Priyadharsini, M. Riyaz
Fungal siderophores are less studied group of microorganisms with vast therapeutic potential. A hydroxamate siderophore has been derived and purified from P. chrysogenum NCIM707. This study investigated for wound healing activity of penicillial hydroxamate siderophore, preliminarily it was tested against five human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion and MTT assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and H2O2 methods. Human pathogenic DNA cleavage was tested by agarose gel electrophoresis. Angiogenesis activity was evaluated with Chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Delayed in vivo wound healing was assessed with streptozotocin female Wistar-rats and, this study comprises to estimate hydroxyproline and collagen content in wounded tissue, gene expressions and histopathological analysis of wounded tissue. The hydroxamate siderophore (PHS) showed significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, angiogenic and wound healing capacity.
{"title":"Penicillial Hydroxamate Siderophore, Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetic rats","authors":"Ravindran Sangeetha Kumari, A. Ganesh, K. Priyadharsini, M. Riyaz","doi":"10.5455/EGYJEBB.20181213110719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/EGYJEBB.20181213110719","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal siderophores are less studied group of microorganisms with vast therapeutic potential. A hydroxamate siderophore has been derived and purified from P. chrysogenum NCIM707. This study investigated for wound healing activity of penicillial hydroxamate siderophore, preliminarily it was tested against five human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion and MTT assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and H2O2 methods. Human pathogenic DNA cleavage was tested by agarose gel electrophoresis. Angiogenesis activity was evaluated with Chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Delayed in vivo wound healing was assessed with streptozotocin female Wistar-rats and, this study comprises to estimate hydroxyproline and collagen content in wounded tissue, gene expressions and histopathological analysis of wounded tissue. The hydroxamate siderophore (PHS) showed significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, angiogenic and wound healing capacity.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89713813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20191012054413
M. A. Taha
Grimmiaceae in Saudi Arabia includes 8 species belonging to 2 genera namely; Grimmia Hedw. and Schistidium Bruch & Schimp. Grimmiaceae is reported here for the first time in Taif Province (Taif city and its vicinities) in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. Three species viz.; Grimmia orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson, G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. and G. trichophylla Grev. are recorded in the study area. This study raised the total number of fully identified mosses known from Taif Province to 29 taxa belonging to 9 families. The three recorded species are described and illustrated for the first time from Saudi Arabia with information on their habitats, floristic elements and distribution.
沙特阿拉伯鹰嘴豆科包括2属8种;Grimmia Hedw。和布氏Schistidium Bruch & Schimp。在沙特阿拉伯麦加地区的塔伊夫省(塔伊夫市及其附近地区)首次报道了格林米科植物。三种即;轮状星grimia orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson, G. pulvinata (hew .)Sm。和G. trichophylla Grev。记录在研究区域。通过本研究，Taif省已查明的藓类已达9科29个分类群。本文首次从沙特阿拉伯对这三个记录物种进行了描述和图解，并提供了它们的栖息地、区系要素和分布信息。
{"title":"TOWARDS A MOSS FLORA OF TAIF AND ITS VICINITIES, SAUDI ARABIA. 2- GRIMMIACEAE","authors":"M. A. Taha","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20191012054413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20191012054413","url":null,"abstract":"Grimmiaceae in Saudi Arabia includes 8 species belonging to 2 genera namely; Grimmia Hedw. and Schistidium Bruch & Schimp. Grimmiaceae is reported here for the first time in Taif Province (Taif city and its vicinities) in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. Three species viz.; Grimmia orbicularis Bruch ex Wilson, G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. and G. trichophylla Grev. are recorded in the study area. This study raised the total number of fully identified mosses known from Taif Province to 29 taxa belonging to 9 families. The three recorded species are described and illustrated for the first time from Saudi Arabia with information on their habitats, floristic elements and distribution.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74162958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190914061823
Ahmed, K. Gayar
The present study illustrated the comparative studies among six taxa of Amaranthaceae based on antimicrobial effects and macromorphological traits. The antimicrobial effects data concluded by of their chloroform extracts and the macromorphological characters described were stem, lamina features, spike, flower and fruits. Using disk diffusion assay, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus pasteuri demonstrated a multiple resistance against 37% and 64% of the tested antibiotics, respectively. The selected six taxa were tested as antimicrobial agents against Brevibacterium lines, Staphylococcus pasteuri and Klebsiella pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to all extracts. The growth of Staphylococcus pasteuri was inhibited at a lower dose (1.5mg/well) using Amaranthus viridis and Digera muricata extracts. It had begun inhibition at 3mg/well against the others extracts and reached to the maximum inhibition at 6 mg/well using Amaranthus viridis.The lowest growth of Brevibacterium linens inhibition was at 1.5 mg/well using Amaranthus viridis, Digera muricata, Aerva javanica, and Amaranthus hybridus. However, the lower inhibition using both of Amaranthus graecizans and Aerva lanata was at 3mg/well and gave the highest inhibition with Digera muricata at 6 mg/well. Both A. hybridus and A. viridis were recorded as closely species while Aerva javanica and A. viridis were distantly related species. Similarity index (SI) and cluster analysis were constructed and the phenogram was generated among them based on 34 characters (22 morphological characters and 12 antimicrobal assay).
{"title":"Comparative studies between six taxa of Amaranthaceae based on their effects on some pathogenic bacterial isolates and morphological characters.","authors":"Ahmed, K. Gayar","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190914061823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190914061823","url":null,"abstract":"The present study illustrated the comparative studies among six taxa of Amaranthaceae based on antimicrobial effects and macromorphological traits. The antimicrobial effects data concluded by of their chloroform extracts and the macromorphological characters described were stem, lamina features, spike, flower and fruits. Using disk diffusion assay, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus pasteuri demonstrated a multiple resistance against 37% and 64% of the tested antibiotics, respectively. The selected six taxa were tested as antimicrobial agents against Brevibacterium lines, Staphylococcus pasteuri and Klebsiella pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was sensitive to all extracts. The growth of Staphylococcus pasteuri was inhibited at a lower dose (1.5mg/well) using Amaranthus viridis and Digera muricata extracts. It had begun inhibition at 3mg/well against the others extracts and reached to the maximum inhibition at 6 mg/well using Amaranthus viridis.The lowest growth of Brevibacterium linens inhibition was at 1.5 mg/well using Amaranthus viridis, Digera muricata, Aerva javanica, and Amaranthus hybridus. However, the lower inhibition using both of Amaranthus graecizans and Aerva lanata was at 3mg/well and gave the highest inhibition with Digera muricata at 6 mg/well. Both A. hybridus and A. viridis were recorded as closely species while Aerva javanica and A. viridis were distantly related species. Similarity index (SI) and cluster analysis were constructed and the phenogram was generated among them based on 34 characters (22 morphological characters and 12 antimicrobal assay).","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20191210093929
M. Elhaak, Mona H. Elhadary, Nehal M. Menesy, A. Mohsen
Two Cyperus species were studied in order to evaluate their utilization as a nutritional, medicinal and oil plants. The two species were utilized in these subjects from earlier times in Egypt. However, the study discusses why the use of these important Cyperus species decreased to such a state of their control as one of the excessive weeds, although (Cyperus esculents) is utilized as tradition nutritive nut in low scale. The results showed that the both Cyperus species acquired number of medicinal components represent in high content of secondary metabolites especially flavonoids found in higher value in the wild species Cyperus rotundus compared with the cultivated one (Cyperus esculents(. The wild Cyperus species have greater content of oils as compared with most of the used plant seeds in oil production. GC/MS analysis of the tuber oils revealed only 12 compounds similar in Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculents but the two species differed in 38 compounds. The wild Cyperus rotundus acquired greater number of compounds compare to the cultivated Cyperus esculents. Plant cholesterol was found in α, β and γ forms which collectively showed available content of plant cholesterol in the oil of wild type. Omega 6 content was similar and in the oil of both species, while cultivated species have doubled content of omega 9. Tubers content of environmental pollutants did not reach to the standard pollution level. Study suggests cultivation of both Cyperus species for oils production and save money of their control as weeds. Nutritional, medicinal and industrial values of Cyperus species will add greatly to the national income.
{"title":"Economic impact of Cyperus species in the production of medicinal compounds and oils","authors":"M. Elhaak, Mona H. Elhadary, Nehal M. Menesy, A. Mohsen","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20191210093929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20191210093929","url":null,"abstract":"Two Cyperus species were studied in order to evaluate their utilization as a nutritional, medicinal and oil plants. The two species were utilized in these subjects from earlier times in Egypt. However, the study discusses why the use of these important Cyperus species decreased to such a state of their control as one of the excessive weeds, although (Cyperus esculents) is utilized as tradition nutritive nut in low scale. The results showed that the both Cyperus species acquired number of medicinal components represent in high content of secondary metabolites especially flavonoids found in higher value in the wild species Cyperus rotundus compared with the cultivated one (Cyperus esculents(. The wild Cyperus species have greater content of oils as compared with most of the used plant seeds in oil production. GC/MS analysis of the tuber oils revealed only 12 compounds similar in Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculents but the two species differed in 38 compounds. The wild Cyperus rotundus acquired greater number of compounds compare to the cultivated Cyperus esculents. Plant cholesterol was found in α, β and γ forms which collectively showed available content of plant cholesterol in the oil of wild type. Omega 6 content was similar and in the oil of both species, while cultivated species have doubled content of omega 9. Tubers content of environmental pollutants did not reach to the standard pollution level. Study suggests cultivation of both Cyperus species for oils production and save money of their control as weeds. Nutritional, medicinal and industrial values of Cyperus species will add greatly to the national income.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83038828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190508095659
Heba I. Aboelmagd
Chaetomium madrascence AUMC 9376 isolated from the soil of Cairo governorate is the most promising isolate that produce biosurfactant using apple pomace as agro industrial substrates. The highest biosurfactant yield was obtained at 7 days incubation, 30oC and pH 8. Moreover, it was revealed that corn steep liquor and Tween 20 are the most suitable sources for optimal biosuractant production. The extracted biosurfactant was fractionated using HPLC resulting in 5 fractions. The purified biosurfactant has a critical micelle concentration of 120 mg/ml. The stability studies revealed that biosurfactanthas a wide range of temperature, pH, and salinity concentration. Additionally, these purified biosurfactant has a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Moreover, they possess a good antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity at 1.5 mg/ml.
{"title":"Potential biosurfactant production by a promising Chaetomium madrascence AUMC 9376 isolated from Egyptian soil","authors":"Heba I. Aboelmagd","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190508095659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190508095659","url":null,"abstract":"Chaetomium madrascence AUMC 9376 isolated from the soil of Cairo governorate is the most promising isolate that produce biosurfactant using apple pomace as agro industrial substrates. The highest biosurfactant yield was obtained at 7 days incubation, 30oC and pH 8. Moreover, it was revealed that corn steep liquor and Tween 20 are the most suitable sources for optimal biosuractant production. The extracted biosurfactant was fractionated using HPLC resulting in 5 fractions. The purified biosurfactant has a critical micelle concentration of 120 mg/ml. The stability studies revealed that biosurfactanthas a wide range of temperature, pH, and salinity concentration. Additionally, these purified biosurfactant has a strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Moreover, they possess a good antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging activity at 1.5 mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82847915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190822013134
M. E. Beheiry, R. A. E. Fahar, Ensaf M. Tahoun, Mahmoud A. El-haak
A laboratory bioassay was conducted to assess the response of wheat seedlings to the produced allelochemicals of the most invasive weeds in the Nile Delta in Egypt, Rumex dentatus and Malva parviflora. Wheat grains germination percentages, seedlings growth criterion and offsetting secondary metabolites were studied. Results indicated that R. dentatus and M. parviflora produced allelochemicals (phenolic acids, alkaloids and saponins) which variably impede wheat grains germination and seriously inhibit growth of wheat seedling. R. dentatus and M. parviflora inhibition was a function of their extract concentration and the growth stage of extracted weed. Root extracts of the two weeds especially at the highest concentration exhibited the greatest inhibitory effects. Contradictory shoot extracts of the two weeds at the fruiting stage led to more inhibition in germination percentages than root extracts. Seedlings weight of germinated wheat variably repressed by the extracts of the two weeds, the highest extract concentration caused the noticeable effect. The growth in seedling length was on the opposite progressively increased by the used extracts. This was confirmed by the counteracting allelochemicals produced in seedlings. Saponin and phenolic compounds represented the most allelochemicals produced by wheat seedlings as a defensive response to the two weeds. Wheat seedling metabolizes more saponin or phenolics to counteract the inhibition of any of the two types of compounds.
{"title":"Mitigation of wheat seedlings to the allelopathic effect of Malva parviflora and Rumex dentatus weeds","authors":"M. E. Beheiry, R. A. E. Fahar, Ensaf M. Tahoun, Mahmoud A. El-haak","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20190822013134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20190822013134","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory bioassay was conducted to assess the response of wheat seedlings to the produced allelochemicals of the most invasive weeds in the Nile Delta in Egypt, Rumex dentatus and Malva parviflora. Wheat grains germination percentages, seedlings growth criterion and offsetting secondary metabolites were studied. Results indicated that R. dentatus and M. parviflora produced allelochemicals (phenolic acids, alkaloids and saponins) which variably impede wheat grains germination and seriously inhibit growth of wheat seedling. R. dentatus and M. parviflora inhibition was a function of their extract concentration and the growth stage of extracted weed. Root extracts of the two weeds especially at the highest concentration exhibited the greatest inhibitory effects. Contradictory shoot extracts of the two weeds at the fruiting stage led to more inhibition in germination percentages than root extracts. Seedlings weight of germinated wheat variably repressed by the extracts of the two weeds, the highest extract concentration caused the noticeable effect. The growth in seedling length was on the opposite progressively increased by the used extracts. This was confirmed by the counteracting allelochemicals produced in seedlings. Saponin and phenolic compounds represented the most allelochemicals produced by wheat seedlings as a defensive response to the two weeds. Wheat seedling metabolizes more saponin or phenolics to counteract the inhibition of any of the two types of compounds.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84472332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20191105090434
M. Shaaban, H. Morsi, Alshaimaa A. Aglan
The availability of safe drinking water is very vital issue. In this study four different water plants (surface and ground) were chemically, physically and microbially tested before and after treatment. Surface water was better than ground water regard to their physical and chemical parameters. But the quality of river water is not stable due to suspended particles load caused by land development and high storm runoff during the rainy seasons. Two different coagulants were used for water coagulation and purification: Aluminum sulfate (chemical coagulant) and Moringa oleifera seeds extraction (natural coagulant), and the coagulation process was performed with and without chlorination. M. oleifera was more effective on bacteria of raw water without chlorination than aluminum sulfate. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) was decreased by 83.6% using Moringa oleifera while with Aluminum sulfate, it decreased by 44.3 %. The total coliform bacteria using Moringa oleifera were decreased by 94.2 % while using aluminum sulfate it decreased by 34.6 %. The fecal coliform bacteria using Moringa oleifera were decreased by 98 % while with aluminum sulfate it decreased by 47.8%. The fecal streptococcus bacteria with using M. oleifera were decreased by 98.7% while using aluminum sulfate it was decreased by 60.6 %. Turbidity of raw water was 13.8 NTU and decreased to 2.2 NTU and 2.1 NTU with Moringa oleifera and aluminum sulfate, respectively. Moringa oleifera seeds extraction is non-toxic and has no side effects like aluminum sulfate and can substitute aluminum sulfate in water treatment.
{"title":"A comparative study on the efficiency of Moringa oleifera seed extract and aluminum sulfate applications as coagulants in different water treatment plants in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"M. Shaaban, H. Morsi, Alshaimaa A. Aglan","doi":"10.5455/egyjebb.20191105090434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/egyjebb.20191105090434","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of safe drinking water is very vital issue. In this study four different water plants (surface and ground) were chemically, physically and microbially tested before and after treatment. Surface water was better than ground water regard to their physical and chemical parameters. But the quality of river water is not stable due to suspended particles load caused by land development and high storm runoff during the rainy seasons. Two different coagulants were used for water coagulation and purification: Aluminum sulfate (chemical coagulant) and Moringa oleifera seeds extraction (natural coagulant), and the coagulation process was performed with and without chlorination. M. oleifera was more effective on bacteria of raw water without chlorination than aluminum sulfate. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) was decreased by 83.6% using Moringa oleifera while with Aluminum sulfate, it decreased by 44.3 %. The total coliform bacteria using Moringa oleifera were decreased by 94.2 % while using aluminum sulfate it decreased by 34.6 %. The fecal coliform bacteria using Moringa oleifera were decreased by 98 % while with aluminum sulfate it decreased by 47.8%. The fecal streptococcus bacteria with using M. oleifera were decreased by 98.7% while using aluminum sulfate it was decreased by 60.6 %. Turbidity of raw water was 13.8 NTU and decreased to 2.2 NTU and 2.1 NTU with Moringa oleifera and aluminum sulfate, respectively. Moringa oleifera seeds extraction is non-toxic and has no side effects like aluminum sulfate and can substitute aluminum sulfate in water treatment.","PeriodicalId":22404,"journal":{"name":"THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Botany)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81356611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.5455/egyjebb.20190615043304
N. Sherif, Jawaher Almutairi
Water deficit causes a reduction of growth parameters for all plants. Cytological and biochemical responses of fava beans (Vicia faba L.) to marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) extract were investigated under water deficit conditions. Two sets of V. faba seeds were used. Seeds of the first set were soaked for 24 hours in 50, 100 and 150 mg/ml O. majorana extract. Seeds of the second set were irrigated with the same extract concentrations for 28 days. Seed germination rate, plant height, number, area and chlorophyll content of leaves, as well as the dry and wet weights of shoot and root after soaking in the extract were higher than those irrigated by the extract. The mitotic index (MI) showed a higher rate of cell division in V. faba roots treated with different concentrations of O. majorana extract (either by irrigation or by soaking) compared with the control. Protein patterns from control and treated plants were studied using SDS-PAGE technique. Protein bands were induced in fava bean plants exposed to water deficit whereas marjoram extract caused a decrease in protein accumulation. Results from this study suggested that O. majorana extract could be used to alleviate the effect of water deficit stress on V. faba plants.
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