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Twenty First IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium Proceedings 1997 IEMT Symposium最新文献

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CSP solder ball reliability CSP焊球可靠性
M. Ikemizu, Y. Fukuzawa, J. Nakano, T. Yokoi, K. Miyajima, H. Funakura, E. Hosomi
The solder joint reliability for Chip Scale Package (CSP) as assembled on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is believed to be poorer than that for QFP. The main cause of this poor reliability is the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) mismatch between CSP and PCB. With a view to implement CSP into practical board assembly without underfill, we performed experimental study and FEM analysis of solder joint reliability for three different CSPs, among which two were ceramic fine-pitched ball grid arrays (C-FBGAs) and one plastic package (P-FBGA). We found that solder ball life predictions from the FEM analysis coupled with Coffin-Manson's equation were in good agreement with results from reliability experiments for C-FBGA (high-a) and P-FBGA, whereas difference between them was observed in the case of C-FBGA (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/). Among three CSPs, P-FBGA turned out to have excellent solder fatigue life and there is the prospect it can be implemented in board assembly without underfill.
芯片级封装(CSP)在印刷电路板(PCB)上组装时的焊点可靠性被认为比QFP要差。这种可靠性差的主要原因是CSP和PCB之间的热膨胀系数(CTE)不匹配。为了将CSP应用于无底填充的实际电路板组装中,我们对三种不同CSP的焊点可靠性进行了实验研究和有限元分析,其中两种是陶瓷细斜球栅阵列(c - fbga)和一种塑料封装(P-FBGA)。我们发现,结合Coffin-Manson方程的有限元分析得出的焊料球寿命预测与C-FBGA(高a)和P-FBGA的可靠性实验结果吻合良好,而C-FBGA (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/)的可靠性实验结果存在差异。在三种csp中,P-FBGA具有优异的焊料疲劳寿命,有望在无欠填充的电路板组装中实现。
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引用次数: 5
Rheological techniques for measuring normal stress differences of solder paste [PCBs] 测量锡膏法向应力差的流变学技术[pcb]
M. Riedlin, Nduka Nnamdi (Ndy) Ekere
Like most solids in liquid suspensions at high solid volume fraction, solder paste exhibits very complicated rheological behaviour. Many rheological characteristics, such as shear thinning, pseudoplasticity, and thixotropy are observed in this material. These characteristics are known to have different impacts on the solder paste's primary application: stencil printing. In fact, at various stages of the printing process, different and sometimes conflicting rheological characteristics ate required of the solder paste. These characteristics have been receiving increasing attention in the solder paste literature. However, one rheological property that has been overlooked is the normal stresses generated in the solder paste. These two stresses are the normal components to the shear stress. These stresses are only found in non-Newtonian materials and are part of its non-linear viscoelastic properties. This paper describes a methodology to measure the normal stress differences of solder paste under steady shear. In the method used to measure the normal stresses, a special type of rheometer, known as a rheogoniometer is used. For comparative normal stress measurements, only certain types of geometries can be used for solder paste. A typical shear rate experiment is described using cone and plate, and parallel plate geometries. Potential errors in the measurements of normal stress differences are also discussed.
与大多数固体体积分数较高的液体悬浮物一样,锡膏表现出非常复杂的流变性能。在这种材料中观察到许多流变特性,如剪切变薄、假塑性和触变性。已知这些特性对锡膏的主要应用:模板印刷有不同的影响。事实上,在印刷过程的不同阶段,焊锡膏需要不同的,有时是相互冲突的流变特性。这些特性在锡膏文献中受到越来越多的关注。然而,一个被忽视的流变特性是锡膏中产生的正常应力。这两个应力是剪应力的法向分量。这些应力只存在于非牛顿材料中,是其非线性粘弹性特性的一部分。本文介绍了一种测量锡膏在稳定剪切作用下的法向应力差的方法。在测量法向应力的方法中,使用了一种特殊类型的流变仪,称为流变仪。对于比较法向应力测量,只有某些类型的几何形状可以用于锡膏。本文描述了一种典型的剪切速率实验,该实验采用锥板和平行板的几何形状。还讨论了法向应力差测量中的潜在误差。
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引用次数: 3
A two-stage hybrid with uniform machines and setup times 具有统一机器和设置时间的两级混合
Wanzhen Huang, Shanling Li
In this paper, we consider a two-stage hybrid flowshop in a semi-conductor industry. We assume that components are grouped into families and a major setup is required when a machine at either stage starts to process a new family. While Stage 1 contains a single machine, Stage 2 contains multiple uniform machines. The objective is to minimize the total makespan. To solve the problem, we develop a heuristic and 8 effective sequencing rules to assign the parts to the machines at both stages. We also present a model to examine the trade-offs between the costs and the speeds of the machines at Stage 2. We also present a model to examine the trade-offs between the costs and the speeds of the machines at Stage 2.
在本文中,我们考虑了半导体工业中的两阶段混合流水车间。我们假设组件被分组到家族中,并且当机器在任何阶段开始处理新家族时都需要进行主要设置。阶段1包含一台机器,而阶段2包含多台统一的机器。目标是最小化总完工时间。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一个启发式的和8个有效的排序规则,在两个阶段将零件分配给机器。我们还提出了一个模型来检查成本和机器在第二阶段的速度之间的权衡。我们还提出了一个模型来检查成本和机器在第二阶段的速度之间的权衡。
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引用次数: 0
Ground connection soldering techniques of high density ceramics substrate of transmit/receive module and its reliability 发射/接收模块高密度陶瓷基板接地连接焊接技术及其可靠性
Wang Tingyue, Cui Dianheng, Yu Shenlin, Tang Jun, Y. Wei
The operation frequency of Transmit/Receive (T/R) module for active phased-array radar is very high (at least above 1000 MHz). The ground connection between the back side metal plating of the functional elements and the substrate carrier of the T/R module is so important that it can directly affect the performance and reliability of the functional elements and T/R module. In this paper, the following techniques are studied: conduction and reliability of the via hole between top side and back side of the thin film or thick film microwave circuit substrate, control of soldering stress and deformations; solderability of available materials; and soldering processing technology. Highly reliable T/R modules are successfully manufactured by using soldering in place of screws.
有源相控阵雷达收发模块的工作频率非常高(至少在1000mhz以上)。功能元件背面金属镀层与T/R模块基板载体之间的接地连接非常重要,直接影响到功能元件与T/R模块的性能和可靠性。本文主要研究了以下技术:薄膜或厚膜微波电路衬底上、背面通孔的导通性和可靠性,焊接应力和变形的控制;可用材料的可焊性;以及焊接加工技术。高可靠性的T/R模块通过使用焊接代替螺钉成功制造。
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引用次数: 1
A study of wafer fab dispatching rules based on empirical flow time predictions 基于经验流时间预测的晶圆厂调度规则研究
Yi-Feng Hung, Ching-Bin Chang
This study examined two dispatch rules-modified least slack rule and shortest remaining flow time rule. Both of these rules require future flow time prediction. We experimented with two flow time prediction methods-an exponential smoothing method and an iterative empirical curve approach. These new rules were compared with some other commonly used rules by simulation experiment. For the performance measure of mean flow time, the shortest remaining processing time rule performed best. Whereas, for the performance measure of standard deviation of flow time, the modified least slack rule with the flow time prediction by the iterative empirical curve approach performed best.
研究了两种调度规则——改进的最小松弛规则和最短剩余流时间规则。这两种规则都要求对未来流时间进行预测。实验采用了指数平滑法和迭代经验曲线法两种流时间预测方法。通过仿真实验,对这些新规则与其他常用规则进行了比较。对于平均流程时间的性能度量,剩余处理时间最短的规则表现最好。而对于流量时间标准差的性能度量,改进的最小松弛规则与迭代经验曲线法预测流量时间的效果最好。
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引用次数: 0
Next generation lithography-implications 下一代光刻技术的启示
W. Trybula
The semiconductor industry growth continues to be driven to a large extent by steady advancements in microlithography. The SIA Roadmap renewal is underway and "work-in-process" predicts accelerating requirements. The 130 nm generation is anticipated to be needed in the year 2003, with the 100 nm generation 3 years later...the path to get there is not obvious! With a potential end to traditional optical lithography, the choices among Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV or soft X-ray), ion beam, projection e-beam, proximity X-ray, or alternative reflective technology is not obvious or guaranteed for success in the time required. The goal is to make a data-driven decision by late 1997. As the concluding paper in this special section on Lithography, this work will look at the implications of entering into a new technology as the industry attempts to maintain the historic growth curve-also called staying on the roadmap. The purpose of this paper is look at the issues and raise the questions that need to be considered before moving to a new technology.
半导体行业的增长在很大程度上继续受到微光刻技术稳步发展的推动。SIA路线图更新正在进行中,“在制品”预测需求的加速。预计在2003年将需要130纳米一代,而100纳米一代将在3年后…通往那里的道路并不明显!随着传统光学光刻技术的潜在终结,在极紫外线(EUV或软x射线)、离子束、投影电子束、近距离x射线或替代反射技术之间的选择并不明显,也不能保证在所需的时间内取得成功。目标是在1997年年底之前作出数据驱动的决定。作为光刻技术特别部分的结束语,本文将探讨在行业试图保持历史增长曲线(也称为保持在路线图上)时,进入一项新技术的含义。本文的目的是研究问题,并提出在采用新技术之前需要考虑的问题。
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引用次数: 5
Disassembly process far a cathode ray tube 阴极射线管的拆卸过程
T. Aanstoos, I. Braithwaite, J. House, D. Robinson, S. Nichols
As computers and their components progress in technology, useful life shortens, leading to large volumes of equipment facing disposition. Used cathode ray tubes especially pose environmental risks due to their lead content. Effective recycling of CRT glass requires an economical disassembly process that results in well-identified and separated glass that meets quality needs for use in new CRTs. A senior student design team studied the problem of how to separate CRT tubes with minimum time and cost, and minimum hazard due to exposure to lead. Laboratory experiments were conducted on four concept variants and the results were analyzed. The design team concluded that diamond cutting of the panel from the funnel, and removal of coatings by plastic media blasting, is the best method studied.
随着计算机及其部件技术的进步,使用寿命缩短,导致大量设备面临处置。使用的阴极射线管由于其含铅量尤其会对环境造成危害。CRT玻璃的有效回收需要一个经济的拆解过程,从而产生识别和分离良好的玻璃,满足新CRT使用的质量要求。一个高年级学生设计团队研究了如何在最短的时间和成本下分离CRT管,并将接触铅的危害降到最低。对四种概念变体进行了实验室实验,并对实验结果进行了分析。设计团队得出结论,从漏斗中切割面板,并通过塑料介质爆破去除涂层是研究的最佳方法。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) system at a semiconductor manufacturer 在一家半导体制造商实施整体设备效率(OEE)系统
S. Giegling, W.A. Verdini, T. Haymon, J. Konopka
Factory capacity is becoming exceedingly expensive and new factories may not reach designed output levels for at least a couple of years. In the semiconductor industry, required investments in new wafer fabrication facilities may exceed $1 billion. As the cost of semiconductor manufacturing facilities continues to escalate and profit margins get squeezed, semiconductor manufacturers must attempt to increase production capabilities in their existing semiconductor manufacturing facilities (FABs). Assessing the utilization of existing capacity is a key component in this effort. One capacity analysis tool that is currently in use within the RF1 wafer fabrication facility of Motorola's Semiconductor Products Sector (SPS) is the Capacity Utilization Bottleneck Efficiency System (CUBES). RF1 is using CUBES to enhance a very progressive Total Productive Manufacturing (TPM) program. CUBES was gradually introduced to RF1 during the summer of 1995 and became widely accepted during the Fall of 1995 after an interface between CUBES and the work in process (WIP) tracking system, PROMIS/sup TM/, was established. The CUBES decision support tool is generally simple to use, but collecting the input tool performance data may be difficult and time consuming. Since direct users of CUBES range from managers to maintenance technicians to operators, it was imperative to develop a system that linked necessary databases together automatically to calculate capacity and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). This paper discusses the implementation process. To acquaint the reader, we begin with a brief review of the objectives of this project. Following that is a discussion of the components and implementation of this system.
工厂产能正变得极其昂贵,新工厂可能至少在几年内无法达到设计产出水平。在半导体行业,新的晶圆制造设备所需的投资可能超过10亿美元。由于半导体制造设施的成本持续上升,利润空间受到挤压,半导体制造商必须尝试提高其现有半导体制造设施(fab)的生产能力。评估现有能力的利用情况是这项工作的关键组成部分。目前在摩托罗拉半导体产品部(SPS)的RF1晶圆制造工厂中使用的一种产能分析工具是产能利用率瓶颈效率系统(CUBES)。RF1正在使用CUBES来增强一个非常先进的全面生产制造(TPM)计划。1995年夏季,CUBES逐渐被引入RF1,并在1995年秋季,在建立了CUBES与在制品(WIP)跟踪系统(PROMIS/sup TM/)之间的接口后,被广泛接受。CUBES决策支持工具通常很容易使用,但是收集输入工具性能数据可能很困难且耗时。由于多维数据集的直接用户范围从管理人员到维修技术人员到操作员,因此必须开发一个系统,将必要的数据库自动连接在一起,以计算能力和总设备效率。本文讨论了实现过程。为了让读者熟悉,我们首先简要回顾一下这个项目的目标。接下来是对该系统的组成和实现的讨论。
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引用次数: 33
Flip-chip-on-board (FCOB) assembly and reliability 板上倒装芯片(FCOB)组装和可靠性
S. Yegnasubramanian, R. Deshmukh, J. Fulton, R. Fanucci, J. Gannon, J. R. Morris, K. Nikmanesh
This paper discusses the methods of direct chip attachment (DCA) and the results of interconnect reliability qualification of flip chip assemblies with underfill. The method developed provides a 'dropin' surface mount process to attach bumped silicon devices to laminates utilizing standard surface mount assembly equipment. Assemblies of test vehicles and product modules demonstrated satisfactory results in all of the reliability qualification and product conformance criteria. Results of failure mode analysis (FMA) of assemblies subjected to thermal stress are discussed.
本文讨论了带衬底的倒装芯片组件的直接芯片连接(DCA)方法和互连可靠性鉴定结果。所开发的方法提供了一种“滴下”表面贴装工艺,利用标准表面贴装组装设备将凸起的硅器件贴装到层压板上。测试车辆和产品模块的装配在所有可靠性鉴定和产品一致性标准中显示出令人满意的结果。讨论了热应力作用下组件的失效模式分析结果。
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引用次数: 7
High pin count BGA board level assembly 高引脚数BGA板级组装
D. Mendez
Successful processing of high pin count Ball Grid Array (BGA) components through an assembly operation is dependant upon many factors including solder paste deposition, component placement, and quality of the raw materials including the printed wiring boards (PWB) and the BGA components.
通过组装操作成功处理高引脚数球栅阵列(BGA)组件取决于许多因素,包括焊膏沉积,组件放置和原材料的质量,包括印刷线路板(PWB)和BGA组件。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Twenty First IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium Proceedings 1997 IEMT Symposium
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