Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.2000668
M. Haghighat, Saeid Yazdanirad, M. Faridan, Mahsa Jahadi Naeini, S. Mousavi
Abstract There are various strategies to prevent and control of noise exposure in occupational settings. This study was aimed to use Shannon’s entropy – PROMEHTEE hybrid model for weighing and prioritizing noise control solutions in an oil refinery. At first, the sound pressure levels were measured based on the recommended standard of ISO 9612. Next, criteria and noise control strategies were determined using the Delphi technique. In the third stage, the weights of the criteria were computed using Shannon’s entropy method and in the last stage, the solutions were prioritized by the PROMEHTEE method. Based on the results of Shannon’s entropy method, criteria in the order of priority included executive cost (0.2710), noise reduction efficiency (0.2531), feasibility (0.2435), safety (0.1120), possible interference with other processes (0.1107) and up-to-datedness of the methods (0.091). Also, based on the results of the PROMEHTEE method, the best solutions were construction of acoustic enclosures for people exposed to noise with a weight of 0.5476, and Modification or change of the work process with a weight of −0.6905, respectively. Therefore, the Shannon’s entropy – PROMEHTEE hybrid method can be used as a credible scientific tool to select the most appropriate noise control solution in the industries.
{"title":"Application of hybrid Shannon’s entropy – PROMEHTEE methods in weighing and prioritizing industrial noise control measures","authors":"M. Haghighat, Saeid Yazdanirad, M. Faridan, Mahsa Jahadi Naeini, S. Mousavi","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.2000668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2000668","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are various strategies to prevent and control of noise exposure in occupational settings. This study was aimed to use Shannon’s entropy – PROMEHTEE hybrid model for weighing and prioritizing noise control solutions in an oil refinery. At first, the sound pressure levels were measured based on the recommended standard of ISO 9612. Next, criteria and noise control strategies were determined using the Delphi technique. In the third stage, the weights of the criteria were computed using Shannon’s entropy method and in the last stage, the solutions were prioritized by the PROMEHTEE method. Based on the results of Shannon’s entropy method, criteria in the order of priority included executive cost (0.2710), noise reduction efficiency (0.2531), feasibility (0.2435), safety (0.1120), possible interference with other processes (0.1107) and up-to-datedness of the methods (0.091). Also, based on the results of the PROMEHTEE method, the best solutions were construction of acoustic enclosures for people exposed to noise with a weight of 0.5476, and Modification or change of the work process with a weight of −0.6905, respectively. Therefore, the Shannon’s entropy – PROMEHTEE hybrid method can be used as a credible scientific tool to select the most appropriate noise control solution in the industries.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"517 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45658987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933
C. Karageorghis, William Payre, Luke W. Howard, Garry Kuan, E. Mouchlianitis, Nick Reed, Andrew M. Parkes
Abstract Underpinned by pragmatism and symbolic interactionism, an inductive content analysis was conducted to assess driving experiences under a variety of music conditions. Many quantitative studies have addressed the effects of music on drivers, but there has been a conspicuous dearth of qualitative research to provide a more nuanced understanding of music-related phenomena. Data collection took place over three simulated driving studies, each with different tasks/participants (Study 1 – n = 34, Study 2 – n = 46, and Study 3 – n = 27). The inductive content analysis was conducted by two members of the research team and a peer debriefing was conducted by a third. Findings show that music can have a range of affective, behavioural and cognitive effects (both positive and negative), that are moderated by the driving environment (i.e. urban vs. highway) and aspects of the musical stimulus (i.e. inclusion/non-inclusion of lyrics, loudness and tempo). Participants were mindful of the implications of in-vehicle music vis-à-vis the safety–performance–pleasure trade-off. The analysis suggested a perceived beneficial effect of music and consequent contribution to driving style/safety-related performance. Younger drivers’ apparent reliance on music as a means by which to regulate their emotion highlights an education need in terms of optimising selections. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933 .
在实用主义和符号互动主义的基础上，对不同音乐条件下的驾驶体验进行了归纳性内容分析。许多定量研究已经解决了音乐对司机的影响，但明显缺乏对音乐相关现象提供更细致入微理解的定性研究。数据收集通过三个模拟驾驶研究进行，每个研究都有不同的任务/参与者(研究1 - n = 34，研究2 - n = 46，研究3 - n = 27)。归纳内容分析由研究小组的两名成员进行，同行汇报由第三人进行。研究结果表明，音乐可以产生一系列的情感、行为和认知影响(积极和消极的)，这些影响受到驾驶环境(即城市与高速公路)和音乐刺激方面(即包含/不包含歌词、响度和节奏)的调节。参与者注意到车内音乐对-à-vis安全-性能-愉悦权衡的影响。分析表明，音乐对驾驶风格和安全相关表现有明显的有益影响。年轻司机明显依赖音乐作为调节情绪的一种手段，这突出了在优化选择方面的教育需求。本文的补充数据可在https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933上在线获得。
{"title":"Influence of music on driver psychology and safety-relevant behaviours: a multi-study inductive content analysis","authors":"C. Karageorghis, William Payre, Luke W. Howard, Garry Kuan, E. Mouchlianitis, Nick Reed, Andrew M. Parkes","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Underpinned by pragmatism and symbolic interactionism, an inductive content analysis was conducted to assess driving experiences under a variety of music conditions. Many quantitative studies have addressed the effects of music on drivers, but there has been a conspicuous dearth of qualitative research to provide a more nuanced understanding of music-related phenomena. Data collection took place over three simulated driving studies, each with different tasks/participants (Study 1 – n = 34, Study 2 – n = 46, and Study 3 – n = 27). The inductive content analysis was conducted by two members of the research team and a peer debriefing was conducted by a third. Findings show that music can have a range of affective, behavioural and cognitive effects (both positive and negative), that are moderated by the driving environment (i.e. urban vs. highway) and aspects of the musical stimulus (i.e. inclusion/non-inclusion of lyrics, loudness and tempo). Participants were mindful of the implications of in-vehicle music vis-à-vis the safety–performance–pleasure trade-off. The analysis suggested a perceived beneficial effect of music and consequent contribution to driving style/safety-related performance. Younger drivers’ apparent reliance on music as a means by which to regulate their emotion highlights an education need in terms of optimising selections. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933 .","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"643 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44031845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.2000667
K. Virtanen, H. Mansikka, Helmiina Kontio, D. Harris
Abstract National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is a popular method to evaluate mental workload. NASA-TLX assesses mental workload across six load dimensions. When the dimensions are not assumed to be approximately equally important, they are weighted by conducting a pairwise comparison for every dimension pair, followed by the normalisation of weights reflecting the importance of the dimensions. This original NASA-TLX weighting method creates some challenges that are difficult to identify when the weights are being assigned. First, the original NASA-TLX weighting does not allow directly expressing two or more dimensions as equally important. Second, if pairwise comparisons are conducted consistently, there exists only one possible importance order for the dimensions. Third, with consistently conducted pairwise comparisons, a weight of 0.33 is artificially forced on the most important dimension. Swing and Analytic Hierarchy Process weighting methods for eliciting the weights of the dimensions are proposed as a solution to these challenges. The advantages of applying these methods in NASA-TLX are introduced theoretically and demonstrated empirically using data from virtual air combat simulations. The objective of this paper is to help scholars and practitioners to use NASA-TLX in mental workload assessments such that the discussed weighting issues are avoided.
{"title":"Weight watchers: NASA-TLX weights revisited","authors":"K. Virtanen, H. Mansikka, Helmiina Kontio, D. Harris","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.2000667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2000667","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is a popular method to evaluate mental workload. NASA-TLX assesses mental workload across six load dimensions. When the dimensions are not assumed to be approximately equally important, they are weighted by conducting a pairwise comparison for every dimension pair, followed by the normalisation of weights reflecting the importance of the dimensions. This original NASA-TLX weighting method creates some challenges that are difficult to identify when the weights are being assigned. First, the original NASA-TLX weighting does not allow directly expressing two or more dimensions as equally important. Second, if pairwise comparisons are conducted consistently, there exists only one possible importance order for the dimensions. Third, with consistently conducted pairwise comparisons, a weight of 0.33 is artificially forced on the most important dimension. Swing and Analytic Hierarchy Process weighting methods for eliciting the weights of the dimensions are proposed as a solution to these challenges. The advantages of applying these methods in NASA-TLX are introduced theoretically and demonstrated empirically using data from virtual air combat simulations. The objective of this paper is to help scholars and practitioners to use NASA-TLX in mental workload assessments such that the discussed weighting issues are avoided.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"725 - 748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45243188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-26DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1981483
E. Cinar, Shikha Saxena, B. McFadyen, A. Lamontagne, I. Gagnon
Abstract A model of Multiple Resource Theory (MRT) was created to describe the influence of different concurrent tasks on driving but no such framework exists for DT walking. The objective of this study was to modify MRT model and computational DT framework to explore two task-related concepts—resource demand and resource conflict—in the context of gait and to illustrate the initial validity of the modified model. A literature search was conducted to identify DT walking-related elements related to the MRT model. An instructional guide for utilizing the computational framework was constructed using a modified e-Delphi method. Inter-rater reliability of the constructed guideline was analyzed by Kappa statistics. The initial validity of the modified model was tested using meta-regression analyses. Three new elements were included into the modified model: vestibular and somatosensory perceptions, and locomotor response. The spatial code from the original model was modified into a visuospatial domain. The computational framework was constructed, and two separate guidelines were created for walking and concurrent tasks. Using the guidelines and computational framework, task-related elements were quantified for meta-regression analysis. The analysis showed that the modified model can explain 79% of the variability in speed reduction during DT walking.
{"title":"A prediction model of multiple resource theory for dual task walking","authors":"E. Cinar, Shikha Saxena, B. McFadyen, A. Lamontagne, I. Gagnon","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.1981483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1981483","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A model of Multiple Resource Theory (MRT) was created to describe the influence of different concurrent tasks on driving but no such framework exists for DT walking. The objective of this study was to modify MRT model and computational DT framework to explore two task-related concepts—resource demand and resource conflict—in the context of gait and to illustrate the initial validity of the modified model. A literature search was conducted to identify DT walking-related elements related to the MRT model. An instructional guide for utilizing the computational framework was constructed using a modified e-Delphi method. Inter-rater reliability of the constructed guideline was analyzed by Kappa statistics. The initial validity of the modified model was tested using meta-regression analyses. Three new elements were included into the modified model: vestibular and somatosensory perceptions, and locomotor response. The spatial code from the original model was modified into a visuospatial domain. The computational framework was constructed, and two separate guidelines were created for walking and concurrent tasks. Using the guidelines and computational framework, task-related elements were quantified for meta-regression analysis. The analysis showed that the modified model can explain 79% of the variability in speed reduction during DT walking.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"531 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983886
P. Loslever, J. Schiro, F. Gabrielli, P. Pudlo
Abstract This paper describes a new approach to analyse the way both hands are placed in relation to the steering wheel. The study is based on a 2D-tracking task, in which the stimulus is a steering wheel angle signal recorded while driving on 7 road geometries in real situations at 30 km/h. Hand movements are measured using a 3D-motion capture system. Data analysis is based on the segmentation of the hand angular position using 8 fuzzy angle windows (labelled as approximately 0°, approximately 45°, etc.), when the hand rests on the steering wheel, one window, else. To obtain information about the coordination aspect, 9 × 9 bivariate windows are considered for each time sample (recorded at 25 Hz); then, the average membership values are computed for each individual driving situation. The individual membership value sets related to the road geometries are studied via Correspondence Analysis, allowing to displaying both the inter- and intra-individual differences and the most discriminating bivariate windows. The methodology with 9 × 9 windows is more complex but implies less information loss than alternative ones e.g. when the two hands are separately analysed, which constitutes 9 + 9 windows and contains no information about the coordination aspect.
{"title":"Introducing coordination in hand position analysis during a steering wheel-based tracking task using fuzzy sets","authors":"P. Loslever, J. Schiro, F. Gabrielli, P. Pudlo","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983886","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes a new approach to analyse the way both hands are placed in relation to the steering wheel. The study is based on a 2D-tracking task, in which the stimulus is a steering wheel angle signal recorded while driving on 7 road geometries in real situations at 30 km/h. Hand movements are measured using a 3D-motion capture system. Data analysis is based on the segmentation of the hand angular position using 8 fuzzy angle windows (labelled as approximately 0°, approximately 45°, etc.), when the hand rests on the steering wheel, one window, else. To obtain information about the coordination aspect, 9 × 9 bivariate windows are considered for each time sample (recorded at 25 Hz); then, the average membership values are computed for each individual driving situation. The individual membership value sets related to the road geometries are studied via Correspondence Analysis, allowing to displaying both the inter- and intra-individual differences and the most discriminating bivariate windows. The methodology with 9 × 9 windows is more complex but implies less information loss than alternative ones e.g. when the two hands are separately analysed, which constitutes 9 + 9 windows and contains no information about the coordination aspect.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"475 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47362966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983885
E. Vermeulen, S. Grobbelaar, A. Botha, K. Nolte
Abstract Running-related injuries, specifically overuse injuries, are complex and multifaceted. A different way of thinking is required to fully comprehend why, and how, these injuries occur. The systems thinking perspective offers tools and techniques to capture system-wide interactions in causal, closed-loop structures which may be studied and quantified in a practical way. The value of systems thinking in sport may only realise when pragmatic models follow descriptive, qualitative models. This article instantiates a qualitative, systems thinking perspective of the runner as a complex adaptive system with a hybrid simulation model. The approach is substantiated with principles from physics and physiology and is partially driven by data from a running watch. Results demonstrate that the scientific, reductionist method may be augmented with dynamic, closed-loop thinking and simulation modelling.
{"title":"Computational modelling in sport: a hybrid simulation of the runner as a complex adaptive system","authors":"E. Vermeulen, S. Grobbelaar, A. Botha, K. Nolte","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983885","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Running-related injuries, specifically overuse injuries, are complex and multifaceted. A different way of thinking is required to fully comprehend why, and how, these injuries occur. The systems thinking perspective offers tools and techniques to capture system-wide interactions in causal, closed-loop structures which may be studied and quantified in a practical way. The value of systems thinking in sport may only realise when pragmatic models follow descriptive, qualitative models. This article instantiates a qualitative, systems thinking perspective of the runner as a complex adaptive system with a hybrid simulation model. The approach is substantiated with principles from physics and physiology and is partially driven by data from a running watch. Results demonstrate that the scientific, reductionist method may be augmented with dynamic, closed-loop thinking and simulation modelling.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"588 - 612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1978013
J. Robinson, Joseph Smyth, Roger Woodman, V. Donzella
Abstract While it is widely agreed that automated and autonomous vehicles may provide safety benefits over vehicles with lower level or no automation, due to other road users there will still likely be situations where a collision is unavoidable. What should a vehicle that is operating autonomously do when it has no choice but to have a collision? And who should decide which vehicle manoeuvre is the most acceptable? These situations create moral dilemmas requiring consideration of the most acceptable and moral action of the vehicle. In this paper we explore current research in this domain and work towards enabling ethical solutions. We identify current experimental work (practical studies rather than theoretical studies) on this problem often contains fundamental flaws due to the lack of real-world validity within the studied scenarios. We argue that morality is highly context dependent and that participants need to be more engaged in the choices they are claiming to make. Suggestions for future work include virtual reality or simulation methodologies which promote immersivity to ensure procedural validity whilst retaining safety. We also identify current guidelines contradict public viewpoint and argue public attitude needs to be better understood to give autonomous and automated vehicle manufacturers confidence in their design.
{"title":"Ethical considerations and moral implications of autonomous vehicles and unavoidable collisions","authors":"J. Robinson, Joseph Smyth, Roger Woodman, V. Donzella","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.1978013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1978013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While it is widely agreed that automated and autonomous vehicles may provide safety benefits over vehicles with lower level or no automation, due to other road users there will still likely be situations where a collision is unavoidable. What should a vehicle that is operating autonomously do when it has no choice but to have a collision? And who should decide which vehicle manoeuvre is the most acceptable? These situations create moral dilemmas requiring consideration of the most acceptable and moral action of the vehicle. In this paper we explore current research in this domain and work towards enabling ethical solutions. We identify current experimental work (practical studies rather than theoretical studies) on this problem often contains fundamental flaws due to the lack of real-world validity within the studied scenarios. We argue that morality is highly context dependent and that participants need to be more engaged in the choices they are claiming to make. Suggestions for future work include virtual reality or simulation methodologies which promote immersivity to ensure procedural validity whilst retaining safety. We also identify current guidelines contradict public viewpoint and argue public attitude needs to be better understood to give autonomous and automated vehicle manufacturers confidence in their design.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"435 - 452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43509074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-09DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1981481
Amandeep Singh, N. Nawayseh, Harwinder Singh, S. Samuel, C. Prakash, Rupinder Singh, Y. Kumar, Manjeet Singh, N. K. Chhuneja
Abstract This study is aimed at investigating the effect of vibration on health and comfort in tractors with water tankers. The vibration was measured on the floor, seat pan, and backrest of the tractor at different speeds and water levels to optimize for low spinal load in terms of static compressive dose (Sed(8)) and comfort reaction (CR). The experiments were designed using the Taguchi Method and the Response Surface method, and the parameters were optimized using the desirability approach. Models developed to predict Sed(8) and CR showed a significant effect of speed and water level on Sed(8) and CR. The mean Sed(8) exceeded the limits of ISO 2631-5, indicating the probability of adverse health effects. The mean CR indicated uncomfortable exposure based on ISO 2631-1. The optimum ride levels were found at a speed of 8.4 m/s and water level of 3000 L. A confirmatory experiment substantiated the optimum conditions, with output lies within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted responses.
{"title":"Modelling and optimization of tractor ride conditions under water tanker operation","authors":"Amandeep Singh, N. Nawayseh, Harwinder Singh, S. Samuel, C. Prakash, Rupinder Singh, Y. Kumar, Manjeet Singh, N. K. Chhuneja","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.1981481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1981481","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study is aimed at investigating the effect of vibration on health and comfort in tractors with water tankers. The vibration was measured on the floor, seat pan, and backrest of the tractor at different speeds and water levels to optimize for low spinal load in terms of static compressive dose (Sed(8)) and comfort reaction (CR). The experiments were designed using the Taguchi Method and the Response Surface method, and the parameters were optimized using the desirability approach. Models developed to predict Sed(8) and CR showed a significant effect of speed and water level on Sed(8) and CR. The mean Sed(8) exceeded the limits of ISO 2631-5, indicating the probability of adverse health effects. The mean CR indicated uncomfortable exposure based on ISO 2631-1. The optimum ride levels were found at a speed of 8.4 m/s and water level of 3000 L. A confirmatory experiment substantiated the optimum conditions, with output lies within the 95% confidence interval of the predicted responses.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"453 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47652276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1975170
Rachel E. Stuck, Brianna J. Tomlinson, B. Walker
Abstract A key psychological component of interactions in both human-human and human-automation relationships is trust. Although trust has repeatedly been conceptualized as having a component of risk, the role risk plays, as well as what elements of risk impact trust (e.g., perceived risk, risk-taking propensity), has not been clearly explained. Upon reviewing the foundational theories of trust, it is clear that trust is only needed when risk exists or is perceived to exist, in both human-human and human-automation contexts. Within the limited research that has explored human-automation trust and risk, it has been found that the presence of risk and a participant’s perceived situational risk impacts their behavioural trust of the automation. In addition, perceived relational risk has a strong negative relationship with trust. We provide an enhanced model of trust to demonstrate how risk interacts with trust, incorporating these distinct perceived risks, as well as risk-taking propensity. This model identifies the unique interactions of these components with trust based on both the theory reviewed and the studies that have explored some aspects of these relationships. Guidelines are provided for improving the study of human-automation trust via the incorporation of risk.
{"title":"The importance of incorporating risk into human-automation trust","authors":"Rachel E. Stuck, Brianna J. Tomlinson, B. Walker","doi":"10.1080/1463922X.2021.1975170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.1975170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A key psychological component of interactions in both human-human and human-automation relationships is trust. Although trust has repeatedly been conceptualized as having a component of risk, the role risk plays, as well as what elements of risk impact trust (e.g., perceived risk, risk-taking propensity), has not been clearly explained. Upon reviewing the foundational theories of trust, it is clear that trust is only needed when risk exists or is perceived to exist, in both human-human and human-automation contexts. Within the limited research that has explored human-automation trust and risk, it has been found that the presence of risk and a participant’s perceived situational risk impacts their behavioural trust of the automation. In addition, perceived relational risk has a strong negative relationship with trust. We provide an enhanced model of trust to demonstrate how risk interacts with trust, incorporating these distinct perceived risks, as well as risk-taking propensity. This model identifies the unique interactions of these components with trust based on both the theory reviewed and the studies that have explored some aspects of these relationships. Guidelines are provided for improving the study of human-automation trust via the incorporation of risk.","PeriodicalId":22852,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"500 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42852268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2021.1983887
August A. Capiola, Izz Aldin Hamdan, Elizabeth Fox, J. Lyons, K. Sycara, M. Lewis
Abstract Robotic swarms comprise component assets operating via local control algorithms which emulate natural swarming behaviors. Scientists are beginning to focus on the human-centered topic of human-swarm interaction. In a novel within-subjects design, we followed this comparatively nascent focus and investigated whether people can detect swarm degradations in assets flocking via consensus, their accuracy in estimating those degradations, and their confidence in those estimates. We also assessed open-ended responses to shed light on the strategies people may use to detect swarm degradations. Participants were recruited online and viewed 21 randomized simulations, each 30 seconds in duration with varying proportions of asset degradation. Results showed that the proportion of asset degradation did have an effect on the aforementioned criteria. Qualitative themes showed preliminary evidence that participants used common strategies to detect the time and degree of swarm degradation. However, we did not find evidence of a linear effect of the degradation manipulation on criteria of interest, which did not support our expectations. We discuss limitations and future research perspectives in detail, which we believe provide fodder for future work to investigate human-swarm interaction at a more granular level.
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