The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the range of phenomena that in Spanish are related to modal interpretations, with particular attention to the distribution and analysis of subjunctive. The main questions that are discussed in this article are (a) whether subjunctive can be characterised uniformly; (b) what the proper placement of subjunctive is in the functional structure of the clause, and how subjunctive interacts with modals that are placed in different areas; (c) what kind of analysis is necessary to account in an appropriate way for the different aspects of the grammar of subjunctive.
{"title":"A guide to subjunctive and modals in Spanish: questions and analyses","authors":"Antonio Fábregas","doi":"10.7557/1.3.2.3064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.2.3064","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the range of phenomena that in Spanish are related to modal interpretations, with particular attention to the distribution and analysis of subjunctive. The main questions that are discussed in this article are (a) whether subjunctive can be characterised uniformly; (b) what the proper placement of subjunctive is in the functional structure of the clause, and how subjunctive interacts with modals that are placed in different areas; (c) what kind of analysis is necessary to account in an appropriate way for the different aspects of the grammar of subjunctive.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123107640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This investigation seeks to expand the current understanding of mood use and vitality among monolingual native speakers of two varieties of Spanish. It focuses on establishing a cross-dialectal analysis of mood use in semi-spontaneous oral production. A total of 112 adult monolingual native speakers of Spanish participated in the study (N=56 from Rosario, Argentina and N=56 from Toledo, Spain). A controlled interview was administered to elicit the frequency and vitality of subjunctive use. Results indicate that the use of present subjunctive in complement clauses was found stable and vital among older speakers (51-73 years old) in both regions. However, while the youngest generation (18-30 years old) shows prevalence of non-subjunctive forms in Rosario, this age group favors the use of present subjunctive in Toledo. A similar pattern is observed with middle-aged participants. Results indicate an overall reduction of present subjunctive use among younger generations in Rosario, and vitality in every age group in Toledo.
{"title":"Degrees of subjunctive vitality among monolingual speakers of Peninsular and Argentinian Spanish","authors":"Muriel Gallego, Emilia Alonso-Marks","doi":"10.7557/1.3.2.3129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.2.3129","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation seeks to expand the current understanding of mood use and vitality among monolingual native speakers of two varieties of Spanish. It focuses on establishing a cross-dialectal analysis of mood use in semi-spontaneous oral production. A total of 112 adult monolingual native speakers of Spanish participated in the study (N=56 from Rosario, Argentina and N=56 from Toledo, Spain). A controlled interview was administered to elicit the frequency and vitality of subjunctive use. Results indicate that the use of present subjunctive in complement clauses was found stable and vital among older speakers (51-73 years old) in both regions. However, while the youngest generation (18-30 years old) shows prevalence of non-subjunctive forms in Rosario, this age group favors the use of present subjunctive in Toledo. A similar pattern is observed with middle-aged participants. Results indicate an overall reduction of present subjunctive use among younger generations in Rosario, and vitality in every age group in Toledo.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129678471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the properties of the Romanian presumptive mood and the role it plays in the distribution of the epistemic indefinite vreun . We focus on the morphologically complex future-based paradigm, which includes forms based on the literary and colloquial variants of the future auxiliary. The colloquial forms are shown to have lost the ability to express purely temporal meanings, being used exclusively with modal-evidential readings. We further argue that the future-based presumptive is closely related to epistemic modals, with which it shares the ability to express indirect inferential evidentiality. We capitalize on their contrasting behavior in factive settings to explain the interaction with the epistemic determiner vreun . Specifically, we argue that the key property that makes the (colloquial) future-based presumptive a suitable licensor for the vreun is its incompatibility with contexts where the modalized proposition is established to hold.
{"title":"Presumptive mood, factivity and epistemic indefinites in Romanian","authors":"Anamaria Fălăuș","doi":"10.7557/1.3.2.2995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.2.2995","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the properties of the Romanian presumptive mood and the role it plays in the distribution of the epistemic indefinite vreun . We focus on the morphologically complex future-based paradigm, which includes forms based on the literary and colloquial variants of the future auxiliary. The colloquial forms are shown to have lost the ability to express purely temporal meanings, being used exclusively with modal-evidential readings. We further argue that the future-based presumptive is closely related to epistemic modals, with which it shares the ability to express indirect inferential evidentiality. We capitalize on their contrasting behavior in factive settings to explain the interaction with the epistemic determiner vreun . Specifically, we argue that the key property that makes the (colloquial) future-based presumptive a suitable licensor for the vreun is its incompatibility with contexts where the modalized proposition is established to hold.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122174075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicaragua es un pais con un nivel de escolarizacion relativamente bajo y el contexto material y social en las escuelas hace que la ensenanza de la lengua materna este dominada por metodos de memorizacion y ejercicios de gramatica del tipo “rellenar espacios”. Las formas de tratamiento escritas que se utilizan en contextos pedagogicos son unicamente el tu y el usted , a pesar de ser Nicaragua una zona voseante. El presente articulo pretendera mostrar, a traves de referencias a estudios sobre las formas de tratamiento en Nicaragua, analisis del uso de los tratamientos en la escritura, ejemplos de entrevistas de actitudes linguisticas y de analisis de documentos pedagogicos, que hay una discrepancia entre la norma escrita y la norma hablada en cuanto a las formas de tratamiento tu y vos en Nicaragua. Esta discrepancia se puede explicar con las creencias en torno a las diferentes formas de tratamiento, pero tambien al reves: el uso contradictorio de parte de las autoridades educativas influira en las creencias del pueblo en general acerca de las formas de tratamiento y asi crece un clima de inseguridad de la correccion de su propia habla. En ultima instancia tal contradiccion puede ser un obstaculo para la ensenanza de la lengua materna y el prestigio linguistico del habla local.
{"title":"'El 'vos' es el dialecto que inventamos nosotros, la forma correcta es el 'tú''","authors":"Ane Christiansen","doi":"10.7557/1.3.2.2947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.2.2947","url":null,"abstract":"Nicaragua es un pais con un nivel de escolarizacion relativamente bajo y el contexto material y social en las escuelas hace que la ensenanza de la lengua materna este dominada por metodos de memorizacion y ejercicios de gramatica del tipo “rellenar espacios”. Las formas de tratamiento escritas que se utilizan en contextos pedagogicos son unicamente el tu y el usted , a pesar de ser Nicaragua una zona voseante. El presente articulo pretendera mostrar, a traves de referencias a estudios sobre las formas de tratamiento en Nicaragua, analisis del uso de los tratamientos en la escritura, ejemplos de entrevistas de actitudes linguisticas y de analisis de documentos pedagogicos, que hay una discrepancia entre la norma escrita y la norma hablada en cuanto a las formas de tratamiento tu y vos en Nicaragua. Esta discrepancia se puede explicar con las creencias en torno a las diferentes formas de tratamiento, pero tambien al reves: el uso contradictorio de parte de las autoridades educativas influira en las creencias del pueblo en general acerca de las formas de tratamiento y asi crece un clima de inseguridad de la correccion de su propia habla. En ultima instancia tal contradiccion puede ser un obstaculo para la ensenanza de la lengua materna y el prestigio linguistico del habla local.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124340107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes a multifactor analysis of the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts. By examining the features that govern Spanish mood and their interaction, I present a complete overview of diverse accounts on the Spanish subjunctive. I outline the general principles of those explanations and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in formalizing an explanation concerning the interaction of mood with syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Next, from mood contribution to the flow in discourse, based on Quer’s (1998, 2001) approach, I provide a role for the subjunctive mood in the discourse, which can be established by a variety of factors. Instead of assigning rigid meanings to the subjunctive, this approach allows the speaker to relate the proposition to the actual world and provide an evaluation of it. In addition to this, I present a proposal to explain mood alternation in adjuncts considering the interaction of different components of the grammar in the process of interpretation. This contribution offers a dynamic view of meaning in which context and individuals are crucial for the interpretation of the Spanish subjunctive.
{"title":"Interpretation and grammar interaction in the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts","authors":"Jeannette Sánchez-Naranjo","doi":"10.7557/1.3.1.2941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2941","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a multifactor analysis of the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts. By examining the features that govern Spanish mood and their interaction, I present a complete overview of diverse accounts on the Spanish subjunctive. I outline the general principles of those explanations and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in formalizing an explanation concerning the interaction of mood with syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Next, from mood contribution to the flow in discourse, based on Quer’s (1998, 2001) approach, I provide a role for the subjunctive mood in the discourse, which can be established by a variety of factors. Instead of assigning rigid meanings to the subjunctive, this approach allows the speaker to relate the proposition to the actual world and provide an evaluation of it. In addition to this, I present a proposal to explain mood alternation in adjuncts considering the interaction of different components of the grammar in the process of interpretation. This contribution offers a dynamic view of meaning in which context and individuals are crucial for the interpretation of the Spanish subjunctive.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121627028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language teaching demands from teachers and researchers the search of new methods, techniques, as well as the deepening on the study of aspects that contribute to the learner's acquisition of skills bringing him /her closer to the efficient achievement of communicative competence. We know that learning a language goes beyond the mastering of grammar rules, and it also includes what Canale & Swain (1980 apud Mendes 1996) call sociolinguistic competence, the ability to use language in communication, it is, the rules of use. This article aims at analyzing, through a contrastive study between the Cuban Spanish and the Brazilian Portuguese, the pragmatic values of negation , as a contribution to the teaching-learning process of both languages. The study is of great importance to the teaching-learning process of the Spanish and Portuguese as foreign languages, because if the native speaker has the knowledge of what is presented in the research, the learner of the new language also needs to master them.
{"title":"“¡No!” La negación en el español de Cuba y en el portugués brasileño bajo la perspectiva pragmática de la cortesía","authors":"M. C. Cathcart, L. R. Almeida","doi":"10.7557/1.3.1.2827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2827","url":null,"abstract":"Language teaching demands from teachers and researchers the search of new methods, techniques, as well as the deepening on the study of aspects that contribute to the learner's acquisition of skills bringing him /her closer to the efficient achievement of communicative competence. We know that learning a language goes beyond the mastering of grammar rules, and it also includes what Canale & Swain (1980 apud Mendes 1996) call sociolinguistic competence, the ability to use language in communication, it is, the rules of use. This article aims at analyzing, through a contrastive study between the Cuban Spanish and the Brazilian Portuguese, the pragmatic values of negation , as a contribution to the teaching-learning process of both languages. The study is of great importance to the teaching-learning process of the Spanish and Portuguese as foreign languages, because if the native speaker has the knowledge of what is presented in the research, the learner of the new language also needs to master them.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124091737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the morphological variation related to gender and number in Spanish compounding such as plural noun in [V+N] n compounds ( el lavaplatos , not el lavaplato ; el cazamariposas , not *el cazamariposa ), the gender and number asymmetries between the actual compound and its parts (cabeza fem . + cuadrada fem . a el cabeza cuadrada masc. , relaciones fem . pl. + publicas fem . pl. a el relaciones publicas masc. sing. ), the presence of inflectional markers inside compounds ( sord-o-muda fem , not * sord-a-muda fem. ), and the variation that takes place in many plural compounds ( casas cuartel or casas cuarteles ‘house quarter’, coches cama or coches camas ‘car and bed’). Basing ourselves on the classic model of level ordering with an admixture of Booij's distinction between inherent and contextual inflection, this piece of research proves that these cases of morphological variation can be approached as a morphological component, accessible to syntax. This model also relativizes the importance of the head in compounding and highlights the value of morphology, lexis and syntax interfaces.
本文分析了西班牙语[V+N] N复合词中的复数名词(el lavaplatos, not el lavaplato;El cazamariposas，不是* El cazamariposa)，实际化合物及其组成部分之间的性别和数量不对称(cabeza fem)。+立方体有限元。A el cabeza cuadrada mass。，亲戚fem。Pl . + publicas fem【复数】el relaciones publicas mass唱歌。)，复合词中存在屈折标记(单词-o-muda fem，而不是*单词-a-muda fem)。以及在许多复数复合词中发生的变化(casas cuartel或casas cuarteles为“房子和住所”，coches cama或coches camas为“车和床”)。本文基于经典的层次排序模型，结合Booij对固有屈折和上下文屈折的区分，证明了这些形态变化的情况可以作为一种形态成分来处理，可以被语法所接受。该模型还相对化了词头在复合中的重要性，突出了词法、词汇和语法接口的价值。
{"title":"Compounding and variational morphology: the analysis of inflection in Spanish compounds","authors":"Cristina Buenafuentes","doi":"10.7557/1.3.1.2828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the morphological variation related to gender and number in Spanish compounding such as plural noun in [V+N] n compounds ( el lavaplatos , not el lavaplato ; el cazamariposas , not *el cazamariposa ), the gender and number asymmetries between the actual compound and its parts (cabeza fem . + cuadrada fem . a el cabeza cuadrada masc. , relaciones fem . pl. + publicas fem . pl. a el relaciones publicas masc. sing. ), the presence of inflectional markers inside compounds ( sord-o-muda fem , not * sord-a-muda fem. ), and the variation that takes place in many plural compounds ( casas cuartel or casas cuarteles ‘house quarter’, coches cama or coches camas ‘car and bed’). Basing ourselves on the classic model of level ordering with an admixture of Booij's distinction between inherent and contextual inflection, this piece of research proves that these cases of morphological variation can be approached as a morphological component, accessible to syntax. This model also relativizes the importance of the head in compounding and highlights the value of morphology, lexis and syntax interfaces.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115696515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Spanish variety spoken in the dominican region of El Cibao (DSEC) has an expletive pronoun ello which is optative and seems to be devoid of any semantic value. This squib aims to present an analysis for this expletive in line with the Strong Uniformity Hypothesis of Chomsky (2001): ello would be nothing but a non-deleted instance of an expletive null subject. The distribution and optionality of this expletive follow from the instability of a definiteness feature in the pronominal expletives of this variety.
{"title":"Dominican 'ello' as a non-deleted null expletive","authors":"Carlos Muñoz Pérez","doi":"10.7557/1.3.1.2945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2945","url":null,"abstract":"The Spanish variety spoken in the dominican region of El Cibao (DSEC) has an expletive pronoun ello which is optative and seems to be devoid of any semantic value. This squib aims to present an analysis for this expletive in line with the Strong Uniformity Hypothesis of Chomsky (2001): ello would be nothing but a non-deleted instance of an expletive null subject. The distribution and optionality of this expletive follow from the instability of a definiteness feature in the pronominal expletives of this variety.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126746523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this paper is to discuss the categorical status and semantic properties of the so-called adjective adverbs ( ngrale 2009: 2295-2301). As these forms are actually real adjectives lacking productive gender and number agreement, we will call them here bare adjectives . We will argue that the default agreement (masculine, singular) which characterize such forms naturally follows from the fact that they cannot check their agreement features against the gender and number features of their respective subjects before spellout. Therefore we propose that these words are the syncretic correlate of standard agreeing adjectives in certain contexts. In this sense, the alleged adverbial behaviour that such predicative elements display can be seen as an epiphenomenon instead of a basic syntactic feature. Likewise , we will explain the syntactic and interpretive properties of these adjectives according to the different levels of the VP and CP areas they are associated with.
{"title":"Bare adjectives as syncretic forms","authors":"A. Suñer, A. D. Tullio","doi":"10.7557/1.3.1.2751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2751","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to discuss the categorical status and semantic properties of the so-called adjective adverbs ( ngrale 2009: 2295-2301). As these forms are actually real adjectives lacking productive gender and number agreement, we will call them here bare adjectives . We will argue that the default agreement (masculine, singular) which characterize such forms naturally follows from the fact that they cannot check their agreement features against the gender and number features of their respective subjects before spellout. Therefore we propose that these words are the syncretic correlate of standard agreeing adjectives in certain contexts. In this sense, the alleged adverbial behaviour that such predicative elements display can be seen as an epiphenomenon instead of a basic syntactic feature. Likewise , we will explain the syntactic and interpretive properties of these adjectives according to the different levels of the VP and CP areas they are associated with.","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122433278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moods as inflectional paradigms can only have a very general value and function, similar to other verbal categories such as tense and aspect. A comparison with German shows that the subjunctive functions as a marker of subordination and signals that the proposition in which it stands is incomplete and must be interpreted with the help of other contextual elements, for example the meaning of the main or matrix verb, a characteristic that has also been called procedural. Therefore only the indicative can be used to express independent statements. All the communicative functions of the subjunctive, for example to express politeness, will be explained as a result of its procedural character. The article clarifies why the subjunctive is also used with factual propositions, for example after verbs of emotions and ‘aunque’. (37,402 characters with spaces)
{"title":"The subjunctive, a marker of 'subordinance'? A comparison between German and Spanish","authors":"Hans-Jorg Busch","doi":"10.7557/1.3.1.2809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2809","url":null,"abstract":"Moods as inflectional paradigms can only have a very general value and function, similar to other verbal categories such as tense and aspect. A comparison with German shows that the subjunctive functions as a marker of subordination and signals that the proposition in which it stands is incomplete and must be interpreted with the help of other contextual elements, for example the meaning of the main or matrix verb, a characteristic that has also been called procedural. Therefore only the indicative can be used to express independent statements. All the communicative functions of the subjunctive, for example to express politeness, will be explained as a result of its procedural character. The article clarifies why the subjunctive is also used with factual propositions, for example after verbs of emotions and ‘aunque’. (37,402 characters with spaces)","PeriodicalId":230880,"journal":{"name":"Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116509605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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