E. Boyalı, Suleyman Patlar, Murat Ergin, A. Kivrak, T. Karadağ, H. Yildiz, Ali Kemal Boztaş, Süha Gündoğdu
This study aims to determine the rates of injuries, the types of injuries and what part of the body is mostly injured in professional taekwondo sportsmen during competitions. This study involves 287 sportsmen participated in the interuniversity Taekwando championship in Ordu. Injuries during a match of the championship was determined by a team . The characteristics and types of injuries, the sportsmen’s verbal expressions were registered by a pre-determined team, and it was mentioned about how these injuries occurred, in which part of the body the injuries were seen. Among 287 sportsmen in this study, 178 sportsmen were male, 109 ones were female. 46 universities took part in this championship. The championship lasted three days and total 271 competitions were done. 539 injuries were determined in total. The mostly seen type of injury was hematoma (43%), the mostly injured part was in lower extremities 416 (77%), most of the injuries were ones seen in defense (36%). No injuries were not observed in neck, shoulder, spine or trunk and cerebral injuries were not also observed. As a result of the study, it was explained that most of the injuries seen in the taekwondo competitions did not require the medical intervention and the lower extremities were mostly injured in these competitions. In the light of these findings, it could be said that these parts be protected during the competitions and the defense techniques be different.
{"title":"The Types of Injury, Regions and Frequency in Athletes Participating Universities Taekwondo Championchip","authors":"E. Boyalı, Suleyman Patlar, Murat Ergin, A. Kivrak, T. Karadağ, H. Yildiz, Ali Kemal Boztaş, Süha Gündoğdu","doi":"10.15314/TSED.542774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.542774","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the rates of injuries, the types of injuries and what part of the body is mostly injured in professional taekwondo sportsmen during competitions. This study involves 287 sportsmen participated in the interuniversity Taekwando championship in Ordu. Injuries during a match of the championship was determined by a team . The characteristics and types of injuries, the sportsmen’s verbal expressions were registered by a pre-determined team, and it was mentioned about how these injuries occurred, in which part of the body the injuries were seen. Among 287 sportsmen in this study, 178 sportsmen were male, 109 ones were female. 46 universities took part in this championship. The championship lasted three days and total 271 competitions were done. 539 injuries were determined in total. The mostly seen type of injury was hematoma (43%), the mostly injured part was in lower extremities 416 (77%), most of the injuries were ones seen in defense (36%). No injuries were not observed in neck, shoulder, spine or trunk and cerebral injuries were not also observed. As a result of the study, it was explained that most of the injuries seen in the taekwondo competitions did not require the medical intervention and the lower extremities were mostly injured in these competitions. In the light of these findings, it could be said that these parts be protected during the competitions and the defense techniques be different.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75915116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to examine the variables such as weight, body fat percentage and amount, lean body mass (FFM) and body mass index (BMI) occurred on body as a result of realization of voluntary contraction and involuntary contraction together with training by electromyostimulation (EMS) system. 41 voluntary women joined the study as treatment (n=20) and control group (n=21). a 25-minute training program was arranged for treatment group with Bodytec EMS device twice a week for 8 weeks. Training was done as strength and durability exercises for 12 minutes, cardio exercises for 8 minutes and active rest for 5 minutes. Ages, genders, lengths, weights, fat percentages, lean body masses and body mass indexes of groups were measured both whole and regional, and then these parameters were compared before and after treatment. Measurements were donetwice as pre-test and post-test. Tanita bc 418 body analyzer belongs to Bio Electricity Impedans method was used for all measurements. In data analysis, 2*2 Repeated Measures Varians Analysis (Repeated Measures ANOVA) was used to compare pre-test and post-test measures. Statistical results were evaluated at p˂.05 significance level. Consequently, p˂.05 significance level was identified in favor of the post-tests analyzes of pre-tests and last tests of experimental group in body weight , BMI , fat % (body fat ratio) ,values of fat mass (amount of fat), value of right foot fat percent , value of right foot fat mass , value of left foot fat percent , value of left foot fat mass ,body fat mass in value of right-left arms fat percent. Statistically, p˂.05 significance level was determined between pre-tests and post-tests of control group's measurements. It was seem to occur significant changes on body compositation values of experimental group as a result of EMS training.
本研究旨在探讨肌电刺激(electromyostimulation, EMS)系统在训练中实现自主收缩和非自主收缩后，身体所发生的体重、体脂百分比和数量、瘦体重(lean body mass, FFM)和体重指数(body mass index, BMI)等变量。41名自愿参加研究的妇女作为治疗组(n=20)和对照组(n=21)。治疗组采用Bodytec EMS设备进行25分钟的训练，每周2次，持续8周。训练包括力量和耐力练习12分钟，有氧运动8分钟，活动休息5分钟。测定各组患者的年龄、性别、身高、体重、脂肪百分比、瘦体重、体质指数，并对治疗前后进行比较。测量做了两次前测和后测。所有测量均采用生物电阻抗法。在数据分析中，采用2*2重复测量方差分析(Repeated Measures ANOVA)比较测试前和测试后的测量值。统计结果以p = 2424进行评价。0.05显著性水平。因此,p˂。实验组的体重、BMI、脂肪%(体脂比)、脂肪量值(脂肪量)、右脚脂肪百分比值、右脚脂肪百分比值、左脚脂肪百分比值、左脚脂肪质量值、身体脂肪质量在左右臂脂肪百分比值中的后测分析，采用0.05显著性水平。据统计,p˂。对照组测量值前测与后测的显著性水平为0.05。EMS训练似乎对实验组的身体成分值产生了显著的影响。
{"title":"Effects of electromyostımulatıon traınıng on body composıtıon","authors":"Mehmet Kirişçioğlu, M. Biçer, Z. Pancar, I. Dogan","doi":"10.15314/TSED.542392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.542392","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the variables such as weight, body fat percentage and amount, lean body mass (FFM) and body mass index (BMI) occurred on body as a result of realization of voluntary contraction and involuntary contraction together with training by electromyostimulation (EMS) system. 41 voluntary women joined the study as treatment (n=20) and control group (n=21). a 25-minute training program was arranged for treatment group with Bodytec EMS device twice a week for 8 weeks. Training was done as strength and durability exercises for 12 minutes, cardio exercises for 8 minutes and active rest for 5 minutes. Ages, genders, lengths, weights, fat percentages, lean body masses and body mass indexes of groups were measured both whole and regional, and then these parameters were compared before and after treatment. Measurements were donetwice as pre-test and post-test. Tanita bc 418 body analyzer belongs to Bio Electricity Impedans method was used for all measurements. In data analysis, 2*2 Repeated Measures Varians Analysis (Repeated Measures ANOVA) was used to compare pre-test and post-test measures. Statistical results were evaluated at p˂.05 significance level. Consequently, p˂.05 significance level was identified in favor of the post-tests analyzes of pre-tests and last tests of experimental group in body weight , BMI , fat % (body fat ratio) ,values of fat mass (amount of fat), value of right foot fat percent , value of right foot fat mass , value of left foot fat percent , value of left foot fat mass ,body fat mass in value of right-left arms fat percent. Statistically, p˂.05 significance level was determined between pre-tests and post-tests of control group's measurements. It was seem to occur significant changes on body compositation values of experimental group as a result of EMS training.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85152305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study intends to examine the impact of the mental toughness of athletes doing outdoor sports on their decision-making skills. The study population is composed of 504 athletes doing outdoor sports in various disciplines in Turkey in 2017. The mental toughness in sports scale developed by Sheard et al. (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Altintas and Bayar Koruc (2016) and the Melbourne Decision Making Scale I-II Scale developed by Mann et al. (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Deniz (2004) were used. The Independent Samples T test was used to analyze the data obtained as well as the One Way Analysis of Variance (One Way Anova) used in case of the existence of more than two groups and the correlation analysis for the relationship between the two groups. As a result, significant differences were found by the variables gender, marital status, age, educational status, the type of outdoor sports engaged in and experience. Accordingly, mental toughness has effects on decision-making skills when doing outdoor sports. There is a low level of positive correlation between mental toughness and decision-making skills. It is thought that the seasons and the types of outdoor sports done have an impact on these results.
本研究旨在探讨户外运动运动员心理韧性对决策能力的影响。研究人群由2017年在土耳其参加各种学科户外运动的504名运动员组成。采用Sheard等人(2009)开发并经Altintas和Bayar Koruc(2016)改编为土耳其文的运动心理韧性量表和Mann等人(1998)开发并经Deniz(2004)改编为土耳其文的墨尔本决策量表I-II。使用独立样本T检验对所得数据进行分析，在存在两个以上组时使用单向方差分析(One Way Anova)，对两组之间的关系进行相关分析。结果表明，性别、婚姻状况、年龄、教育程度、户外运动类型和经历等变量存在显著差异。因此，在进行户外运动时，心理韧性对决策能力有影响。心理韧性与决策能力之间存在低水平正相关。人们认为，季节和户外运动的类型确实会对这些结果产生影响。
{"title":"The Effect of Mental Toughness of Individuals Doing Outdoor Sports on their Decision-Making Skills","authors":"B. Gürer, Enise Merve Karababa, Esra Canli","doi":"10.15314/TSED.543888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.543888","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to examine the impact of the mental toughness of athletes doing outdoor sports on their decision-making skills. The study population is composed of 504 athletes doing outdoor sports in various disciplines in Turkey in 2017. The mental toughness in sports scale developed by Sheard et al. (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Altintas and Bayar Koruc (2016) and the Melbourne Decision Making Scale I-II Scale developed by Mann et al. (1998) and adapted to Turkish by Deniz (2004) were used. The Independent Samples T test was used to analyze the data obtained as well as the One Way Analysis of Variance (One Way Anova) used in case of the existence of more than two groups and the correlation analysis for the relationship between the two groups. As a result, significant differences were found by the variables gender, marital status, age, educational status, the type of outdoor sports engaged in and experience. Accordingly, mental toughness has effects on decision-making skills when doing outdoor sports. There is a low level of positive correlation between mental toughness and decision-making skills. It is thought that the seasons and the types of outdoor sports done have an impact on these results.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86187406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Becoming widespread of internet use, advantages web has, compared to traditional environment, and purchaser tendencies in marketing communication have made web sites a potential social media communication and marketing tool for sport clubs. The main aim of this study is to evaluate official internet sites of soccer clubs of Super League Ilhan Cavcav Season and Bundesliga in Germany in terms of social media communication and marketing communication and reveal the similarity and difference between both league by means of content analysis method. Internet site of a total of 36 sport clubs in both leagues were evaluated. During analysis of the data, MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software was used. According to the results of the study, while social network applications (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) in the official web sites of Turkey and Germany sport clubs show similarity, instant messaging applications (Snapchat), documents follow system (subscribe to RSS) and motion videos (Giphy) or blog accessing tools were seen to be given place in German clubs. In large majority of German clubs, while official internet sites include multiple language options, in Turkey, there is multiple language option in the internet site of a few number of clubs. In addition, Turkish sport clubs use marketing communication channels in similar to traditional marketing activities, and there are differences between the clubs taking place in both leagues in terms of the use of direct communication with customers through these channels (answering the questions about, comments about product, etc.), direct marketing (information about filtering detail, cargo information, safe payment, order follow, and product return), and sale development (favorite/ the most sold product, personal product design, seasonal opportunities, etc.).
{"title":"Analysıs of Offıcıal Internet Sıtes of Sport Clubs In Terms of Socıal Medıa and Marketıng Communıcatıon: A Study on Turkısh and German Sport Clubs","authors":"E. Şirin, Ali Sevilmiş","doi":"10.15314/TSED.468256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.468256","url":null,"abstract":"Becoming widespread of internet use, advantages web has, compared to traditional environment, and purchaser tendencies in marketing communication have made web sites a potential social media communication and marketing tool for sport clubs. The main aim of this study is to evaluate official internet sites of soccer clubs of Super League Ilhan Cavcav Season and Bundesliga in Germany in terms of social media communication and marketing communication and reveal the similarity and difference between both league by means of content analysis method. Internet site of a total of 36 sport clubs in both leagues were evaluated. During analysis of the data, MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software was used. According to the results of the study, while social network applications (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) in the official web sites of Turkey and Germany sport clubs show similarity, instant messaging applications (Snapchat), documents follow system (subscribe to RSS) and motion videos (Giphy) or blog accessing tools were seen to be given place in German clubs. In large majority of German clubs, while official internet sites include multiple language options, in Turkey, there is multiple language option in the internet site of a few number of clubs. In addition, Turkish sport clubs use marketing communication channels in similar to traditional marketing activities, and there are differences between the clubs taking place in both leagues in terms of the use of direct communication with customers through these channels (answering the questions about, comments about product, etc.), direct marketing (information about filtering detail, cargo information, safe payment, order follow, and product return), and sale development (favorite/ the most sold product, personal product design, seasonal opportunities, etc.).","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85398986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, it is aimed to compare the upper extremities of children who play and do not play basketball. In this study, measurements were taken in the upper extremities of a total of 200 secondary school students playing basketball and non-playing, with a mean age range of 11 ± 1.08 (did play sports) - 11 ± 0.8 (did not play sports). The average height and weight ratio of the students who did and did not play sports were 153.5 ± 12.9 - 149.2 ± 8.1 cm and 46.7 ± 12.04 - 43.08 ± 12.9 kg respectively. In the right and left upper extremities of the students who play sports, arm length was 28.4 ± 3.1 - 28.4 ± 3.01, the forearm length was 24.1 ± 2.4 - 24.1 ± 2.4, hand length was 15.9 ± 1.8 to 15.9 ± 1.6, arm circumference was 23.2 ± 3.9 - 23.0 ± 3.8, the circumference of forearm was 20.8 ± 2.5 - 20.6 ± 2.5, hand width was 7.8 ± 0.8 to 7.9 ± 0.8. The results of the biacromial width and bideltoid width measurements were 25.5 ± 3.13 and 39.2 ± 4.7, respectively. In the right and left upper extremities of students who did not do sports, arm length was 26.8 ± 2.5 - 26.6 ± 2.4, forearm length was 23.3 ± 2.1 - 23.3 ± 2.0, hand length was 16.0 ± 1.5 - 16.2 ± 1.5, arm circumference was 22.4 ± 3.5 to 22.4 ± 3.5, circumference of forearm was19.4 ± 2.5 - 19.4 ± 2.5, hand width was 7.6 ± 0.9 - 7.7 ± 0.9. The results of the biacromial and bideltoid width measurements were 28.8 ± 3.8 and 37.6 ± 4.4, respectively. As a result of the evaluation made, there was a difference between arm circumference measurements (p = 0.02) when the measurements taken from the right and left extremities of the students who did sports and did not do sports were compared. It was observed that the difference between right - left arm length (p = 0.001) and right - left hand length (p = 0.02) was significant in the students who did not do sports. Playing basketball increases the arm circumference and forearm circumference in children.
{"title":"Comparison of Upper Extremities of Children Who Playing and Not Playing Basketball","authors":"Orhan Sener, Ş. Alpa","doi":"10.15314/TSED.522571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.522571","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it is aimed to compare the upper extremities of children who play and do not play basketball. In this study, measurements were taken in the upper extremities of a total of 200 secondary school students playing basketball and non-playing, with a mean age range of 11 ± 1.08 (did play sports) - 11 ± 0.8 (did not play sports). The average height and weight ratio of the students who did and did not play sports were 153.5 ± 12.9 - 149.2 ± 8.1 cm and 46.7 ± 12.04 - 43.08 ± 12.9 kg respectively. In the right and left upper extremities of the students who play sports, arm length was 28.4 ± 3.1 - 28.4 ± 3.01, the forearm length was 24.1 ± 2.4 - 24.1 ± 2.4, hand length was 15.9 ± 1.8 to 15.9 ± 1.6, arm circumference was 23.2 ± 3.9 - 23.0 ± 3.8, the circumference of forearm was 20.8 ± 2.5 - 20.6 ± 2.5, hand width was 7.8 ± 0.8 to 7.9 ± 0.8. The results of the biacromial width and bideltoid width measurements were 25.5 ± 3.13 and 39.2 ± 4.7, respectively. In the right and left upper extremities of students who did not do sports, arm length was 26.8 ± 2.5 - 26.6 ± 2.4, forearm length was 23.3 ± 2.1 - 23.3 ± 2.0, hand length was 16.0 ± 1.5 - 16.2 ± 1.5, arm circumference was 22.4 ± 3.5 to 22.4 ± 3.5, circumference of forearm was19.4 ± 2.5 - 19.4 ± 2.5, hand width was 7.6 ± 0.9 - 7.7 ± 0.9. The results of the biacromial and bideltoid width measurements were 28.8 ± 3.8 and 37.6 ± 4.4, respectively. As a result of the evaluation made, there was a difference between arm circumference measurements (p = 0.02) when the measurements taken from the right and left extremities of the students who did sports and did not do sports were compared. It was observed that the difference between right - left arm length (p = 0.001) and right - left hand length (p = 0.02) was significant in the students who did not do sports. Playing basketball increases the arm circumference and forearm circumference in children.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78623099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbaros Çelenk, Elif Öz, Akif Gökhan Öner, Elvan Öz
Volleyball is a dynamic physical game that does not have a definite match duration but is based on high tempo, quickness, strength, flexibility, endurance and jumping. The aim of this study is to research the relationship between isokinetic knee strength and jumping height in young male volleyball players. 8 male volleyball players aged between 18-22 participated in the research voluntarily. In the study, the physical characteristics of the subjects (body height, body weight, body mass index) were determined, vertical jump heights were measured and at low (60 0 /sec) and high (300 0 /sec) speeds, the right and left knee flexion/extension concentric isokinetic strength test was applied. Data was analyzed with paired sample t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between vertical jump and isokinetic strength (p<0.05). The right and left knees peak torque of the athletes were compared at low and high angular speeds and no significant difference was found. A significant positive correlation was detected between the jumping height and the right knee peak torque at low angular speed (r =.817, p<0.05). This result can be explained by the fact that quadriceps femoris, which is the biggest muscle of the lower extremity, is in the foreground during the jumps that volleyball players perform frequently. It may be advisable to give importance to leg strength training to increase the jump height.
{"title":"The relationship between isokinetic knee strength and jumping in young male volleyball players","authors":"Barbaros Çelenk, Elif Öz, Akif Gökhan Öner, Elvan Öz","doi":"10.15314/TSED.521569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.521569","url":null,"abstract":"Volleyball is a dynamic physical game that does not have a definite match duration but is based on high tempo, quickness, strength, flexibility, endurance and jumping. The aim of this study is to research the relationship between isokinetic knee strength and jumping height in young male volleyball players. 8 male volleyball players aged between 18-22 participated in the research voluntarily. In the study, the physical characteristics of the subjects (body height, body weight, body mass index) were determined, vertical jump heights were measured and at low (60 0 /sec) and high (300 0 /sec) speeds, the right and left knee flexion/extension concentric isokinetic strength test was applied. Data was analyzed with paired sample t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between vertical jump and isokinetic strength (p<0.05). The right and left knees peak torque of the athletes were compared at low and high angular speeds and no significant difference was found. A significant positive correlation was detected between the jumping height and the right knee peak torque at low angular speed (r =.817, p<0.05). This result can be explained by the fact that quadriceps femoris, which is the biggest muscle of the lower extremity, is in the foreground during the jumps that volleyball players perform frequently. It may be advisable to give importance to leg strength training to increase the jump height.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87352116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids which are a synthetic derivative of testosterone are known to be used by some sportsmen in order to improve performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of testosterone supplement on heart and muscle damage in rats applied with swimming exercise. The study was conducted on 30 day-old 27 (Wistar, male) rats that were supplied from “Selcuk University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center”. The rats were divided into 4 groups. The rats in control groups (n:6) were fed during the study without doing any application. The rats in testosteronegroup (n:7) were supplied with a 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The rats in exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes a day for 5 days a weekfor 3 weeks. The rats in testosterone + exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes and were administered with 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone supplement for 5 days a week for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, necessary biochemical parameters were measured in serums obtained by drawing blood from tails of the rats. While levels of Serum, LDH, CK-MB, and CKwere studied by using an autoanalyzer, Troponin I level was analyzed by using ELISA kit. SPSS 15.0 packaged software was usedin statistical evaluation of the data and the results were given as mean±SE. Since the data were convenient with the normal distribution, ANOVA test was applied for betweengroups comparison and Duncan test was used to identify from which group the difference was resulted. When between-groups values of troponin I, ck-MB, and LDH, which are indicators of heart damage, and enzyme CK, which is an indicator of muscle damage,for control, exercise, testosterone, and testosterone+exercise groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was determined between control, exercise, testosterone, and testosterone+exercise groups (p<0.05). As a result of statistically analysis performed on all groups, the difference was found to be caused by testosterone and testosterone+exercise groups. Because testosterone production is naturally increased in the body during the exercise, swimming exercise and testosterone administration led to significant occurrence of troponin I, ck-MB, LDH, which are heart damage indicators in rats, and CK value, which is an indicator of muscle damage, in the blood. Keywords: Testosterone, Heart, Muscle Damage, Swimming Exercise
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Testosterone Supplement on Heart and Muscle Damage in Rats Applied with Swimming Exercise","authors":"Ömer Kulaksiz, Sefa Lök","doi":"10.15314/TSED.552893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.552893","url":null,"abstract":"Anabolic Androgenic Steroids which are a synthetic derivative of testosterone are known to be used by some sportsmen in order to improve performance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of testosterone supplement on heart and muscle damage in rats applied with swimming exercise. The study was conducted on 30 day-old 27 (Wistar, male) rats that were supplied from “Selcuk University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center”. The rats were divided into 4 groups. The rats in control groups (n:6) were fed during the study without doing any application. The rats in testosteronegroup (n:7) were supplied with a 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone 5 days a week for 3 weeks. The rats in exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes a day for 5 days a weekfor 3 weeks. The rats in testosterone + exercise group (n:7) did freestyle swimming exercise for 30 minutes and were administered with 10 mg/kg dose of testosterone supplement for 5 days a week for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, necessary biochemical parameters were measured in serums obtained by drawing blood from tails of the rats. While levels of Serum, LDH, CK-MB, and CKwere studied by using an autoanalyzer, Troponin I level was analyzed by using ELISA kit. SPSS 15.0 packaged software was usedin statistical evaluation of the data and the results were given as mean±SE. Since the data were convenient with the normal distribution, ANOVA test was applied for betweengroups comparison and Duncan test was used to identify from which group the difference was resulted. When between-groups values of troponin I, ck-MB, and LDH, which are indicators of heart damage, and enzyme CK, which is an indicator of muscle damage,for control, exercise, testosterone, and testosterone+exercise groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was determined between control, exercise, testosterone, and testosterone+exercise groups (p<0.05). As a result of statistically analysis performed on all groups, the difference was found to be caused by testosterone and testosterone+exercise groups. Because testosterone production is naturally increased in the body during the exercise, swimming exercise and testosterone administration led to significant occurrence of troponin I, ck-MB, LDH, which are heart damage indicators in rats, and CK value, which is an indicator of muscle damage, in the blood. Keywords: Testosterone, Heart, Muscle Damage, Swimming Exercise","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77162973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research is to examine the interactions between the physical education teachers and students in social media based on some variables. In the study, a descriptive survey method was used, which aimed at revealing the existing situation. The research group was comprised of 390 physical education teachers actively working at the state schools of Kayseri province in the 2018-2019 education year. Personal Information Form and Social Media Teacher – Student Interaction Scale were used in the study as the data collection tools. SPSS program was used in the analysis of the data. According to results of the research, it was determined that the social media teacher-student interaction levels of the physical education teachers were at the medium range. In addition, it was determined that virtual leader characteristics of physical education teachers were prominent. Also a significant difference was found concerning the social media teacher-student interaction levels of the physical education teachers for the variables school location, sport branch, physical education infrastructure in the school, the school team status, regular exercise, age, monthly income perception; however, statistically no significant difference was determined concerning the variables school type, marital status, and gender.
{"title":"Examining the Social Media Teacher-Student Interactions of Physical Education Teachers","authors":"Ç. Erdoğan, Z. Bahadir, R. Topuz","doi":"10.15314/TSED.545590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.545590","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to examine the interactions between the physical education teachers and students in social media based on some variables. In the study, a descriptive survey method was used, which aimed at revealing the existing situation. The research group was comprised of 390 physical education teachers actively working at the state schools of Kayseri province in the 2018-2019 education year. Personal Information Form and Social Media Teacher – Student Interaction Scale were used in the study as the data collection tools. SPSS program was used in the analysis of the data. According to results of the research, it was determined that the social media teacher-student interaction levels of the physical education teachers were at the medium range. In addition, it was determined that virtual leader characteristics of physical education teachers were prominent. Also a significant difference was found concerning the social media teacher-student interaction levels of the physical education teachers for the variables school location, sport branch, physical education infrastructure in the school, the school team status, regular exercise, age, monthly income perception; however, statistically no significant difference was determined concerning the variables school type, marital status, and gender.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88204101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research is the goals of the value detectors that we present to the sportsmen of the national wrestlers. In the research, interview method was used in qualitative research companies. The research group consisted of 7 national wrestlers (1 female, 6 male) from Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Cukurova University and Mersin University in 2015-2016 Education Year. The data were reached through the Personal Information Form (4 questions) and the Semi-Structured Interview Form (5 questions). Content analysis method was used for evaluation of the data. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the most frequently stated values of national wrestlers' opinions about the values they have gained from sports are self-confidence, respect, obeying rules, cooperation, tolerance, responsibility, ambition, discipline and etc. It is thought that sports gain the human values that are accepted in society and tried to teach to individuals from a very early age.
{"title":"Perceived Value of National Wrestlers","authors":"M. Yıldız","doi":"10.15314/TSED.550550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.550550","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is the goals of the value detectors that we present to the sportsmen of the national wrestlers. In the research, interview method was used in qualitative research companies. The research group consisted of 7 national wrestlers (1 female, 6 male) from Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Cukurova University and Mersin University in 2015-2016 Education Year. The data were reached through the Personal Information Form (4 questions) and the Semi-Structured Interview Form (5 questions). Content analysis method was used for evaluation of the data. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the most frequently stated values of national wrestlers' opinions about the values they have gained from sports are self-confidence, respect, obeying rules, cooperation, tolerance, responsibility, ambition, discipline and etc. It is thought that sports gain the human values that are accepted in society and tried to teach to individuals from a very early age.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74739228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of leisure benefit on leisure satisfaction in extreme sports athletes. In order to determine the leisure satisfaction level of participants, Leisure Satisfaction Scale developed by Beard and Ragheb (1980) and adapted to Turkish by Gokce and Orhan (2011) was used. Leisure benefit scale developed by Ho (2008) and adapted into Turkish by Akgul, Ertuzun, and Karakucuk (2018) was used to measure the perceived benefit from recreational activities. The conventional sampling method was used for sample selection, and a face-to-face survey method was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Regression Analysis were used in the analysis of obtained data. A total of 202 people (105 male and 97 female) participated in the study voluntarily. According to the results of the present study, it was determined that there was a positive significant relationship between Leisure benefit and Leisure satisfaction. In addition, it was determined that Leisure satisfaction was predicted by the sub-dimensions of Leisure benefit approximately 84%. This result showed that providing leisure benefits in extreme sports had a significant effect on Leisure satisfaction of extreme athletes.
本研究旨在探讨休闲利益对极限运动运动员休闲满意度的影响。为了确定参与者的休闲满意度水平，我们使用了Beard and Ragheb(1980)开发的、Gokce and Orhan(2011)对土耳其语进行改编的休闲满意度量表。休闲效益量表由Ho(2008)开发，由Akgul, Ertuzun和Karakucuk(2018)改编为土耳其语，用于测量休闲活动的感知效益。样本选择采用常规抽样方法，数据收集采用面对面调查方法。使用描述性统计、Pearson相关分析和回归分析对获得的数据进行分析。共有202人(105名男性，97名女性)自愿参加了这项研究。根据本研究的结果，确定休闲利益与休闲满意度之间存在显著的正相关关系。此外，休闲满意度被休闲效益子维度预测的概率约为84%。结果表明，在极限运动中提供休闲利益对极限运动员的休闲满意度有显著影响。
{"title":"The Effect of Leisure Benefits on Leisure Satisfaction: Extreme Sports","authors":"Ersin Eskiler, Y. Yildiz, Cihan Ayhan","doi":"10.15314/TSED.522984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15314/TSED.522984","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of leisure benefit on leisure satisfaction in extreme sports athletes. In order to determine the leisure satisfaction level of participants, Leisure Satisfaction Scale developed by Beard and Ragheb (1980) and adapted to Turkish by Gokce and Orhan (2011) was used. Leisure benefit scale developed by Ho (2008) and adapted into Turkish by Akgul, Ertuzun, and Karakucuk (2018) was used to measure the perceived benefit from recreational activities. The conventional sampling method was used for sample selection, and a face-to-face survey method was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Regression Analysis were used in the analysis of obtained data. A total of 202 people (105 male and 97 female) participated in the study voluntarily. According to the results of the present study, it was determined that there was a positive significant relationship between Leisure benefit and Leisure satisfaction. In addition, it was determined that Leisure satisfaction was predicted by the sub-dimensions of Leisure benefit approximately 84%. This result showed that providing leisure benefits in extreme sports had a significant effect on Leisure satisfaction of extreme athletes.","PeriodicalId":23380,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83440737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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