Utilities Policy最新文献

英文中文

The design of a time-of-use tariff with a demand charge for residential electric vehicle charging posts 住宅电动汽车充电桩按需收费的分时电价设计

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102078

Yikang Xiao , Yuting Mou , Bo Pan , Min Yang

Time-of-use tariffs have been widely adopted to manage the charging demand of electric vehicles within residential communities. However, the growing penetration of EVs has led to challenges, particularly over-response during off-peak periods. Currently, residential consumers in China are served by the grid company at a privileged price, which excludes network tariffs. In early 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission of China issued Guideline No. 1721, requiring the implementation of ”a differentiated pricing mechanism for the charging demand”. Consequently, while traditional household demand remains at the favorable price, innovative tariffs tailored for residential charging posts are being encouraged to address the increasing charging demand. Drawing on international experiences in tariff design, this study proposes a time-of-use tariff with a demand charge (ToU-D) for EV charging. Under this scheme, each EV owner reserves a monthly charging capacity and pays for the consumed energy according to a ToU tariff, but is subject to a penalty energy price for the charging profile above the reserved capacity. A mixed-integer bilevel optimization model is developed, where the upper level represents the grid company aiming to minimize wholesale electricity purchase costs subject to a regulated profit rate, while the lower level represents residential consumers aiming to minimize their electricity bills. To demonstrate the model’s adaptability to unbundled retail market settings, it is extended to consider network tariffs of different structures. The bilevel model is solved by transforming into a single-level one using a heuristic method that minimizes the duality gap of the lower-level problem, due to the existence of binary variables at the lower level. An empirical analysis based on realistic data reveals that the proposed tariff not only mitigates over-response issues and generates substantial economic benefits for both the grid company and EV owners overall, but also indicates that less flexible EV owners may face increased charging costs.

分时电价已被广泛用于管理住宅小区内电动汽车的充电需求。然而，电动汽车的日益普及也带来了挑战，尤其是在非高峰时期的过度反应。目前，中国的住宅用户由电网公司以优惠价格提供服务，不包括网络费用。2024年初，中国国家发展和改革委员会发布了第1721号指导意见，要求实施“收费需求差别化定价机制”。因此，在传统的家庭需求保持在优惠价格的同时，鼓励为住宅充电桩量身定制的创新电价，以满足日益增长的充电需求。本研究在借鉴国际电价设计经验的基础上，提出了电动汽车充电的分时电价（time-of-use tariff with demand charge, toud）。在此计划下，每名电动车车主每月预留一个充电容量，并按分时电价支付所消耗的能源，但须缴付高于预留容量的充电费用。建立了混合整数两层优化模型，其中上层代表电网公司，目标是在规定的利润率下使批发购电成本最小化，下层代表居民消费者，目标是使电费最小化。为了证明模型对非捆绑零售市场环境的适应性，将模型扩展到考虑不同结构的网络资费。利用启发式方法将双层模型转化为单层模型来求解，该方法使下层问题的对偶性差距最小化，因为下层存在二元变量。基于现实数据的实证分析表明，拟议的电价不仅缓解了过度反应问题，为电网公司和电动汽车车主整体带来了可观的经济效益，而且表明灵活性较差的电动汽车车主可能面临更高的充电成本。

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引用次数: 0

Proximity of U.S. community water systems: implications for regional collaboration 美国社区供水系统的邻近性：对区域合作的影响

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102079

Robert B. Sowby, R. Bennett Price

Small community water systems comprise the majority of U.S. systems but serve a minority of the population. They often have limited resources. Regional collaboration may be a solution, and physical proximity is crucial. Using geospatial data, we quantify distances between systems across the contiguous United States. We find that 55 % of systems are adjacent to another one, 95 % are within 10 km (6.2 mi) of their nearest neighbor, and the average distance is 2.0 km (1.2 mi). Many clusters are apparent. The results suggest that proximity presents substantial possibilities for regional collaboration, including shared infrastructure, resources, planning, operation, and governance among public water systems.

小型社区供水系统占美国供水系统的大多数，但服务于少数人口。他们的资源通常有限。区域合作可能是一个解决方案，而地理上的接近是至关重要的。利用地理空间数据，我们量化了美国相邻地区系统之间的距离。我们发现55%的星系与另一个星系相邻，95%的星系距离最近的星系在10公里（6.2英里）以内，平均距离为2.0公里（1.2英里）。许多星团是明显的。结果表明，邻近为区域合作提供了巨大的可能性，包括公共供水系统之间共享基础设施、资源、规划、运营和治理。

引用次数: 0

Benchmarking technical efficiency of water utilities in Chile under heterogeneity: A latent class frontier approach 在异质性下对智利水务公司的技术效率进行基准测试：一个潜在的阶级前沿方法

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102076

Alexandros Maziotis , Maria Molinos-Senante

Benchmarking the technical efficiency of water utilities is essential for informing evidence-based regulatory decisions. However, conventional performance assessment models often rely on the assumption of homogeneity among utilities. This study addresses this limitation by applying Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Analysis to 22 Chilean water utilities over the period from 2010 to 2017. The average technical efficiency scores for companies in Class 1 and Class 2 were 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. Companies in Class 1 exhibited stable performance over time, with efficiency scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. In contrast, companies in Class 2 demonstrated greater variability, with scores ranging between 0.85 and 0.93.

对水务公司的技术效率进行基准测试对于为基于证据的监管决策提供信息至关重要。然而，传统的绩效评估模型往往依赖于公用事业公司之间的同质性假设。本研究通过对2010年至2017年期间22家智利水务公司应用潜在类随机前沿分析来解决这一限制。第一类和第二类企业的平均技术效率得分分别为0.91和0.88。第一类公司的绩效表现稳定，效率得分在0.88 ~ 0.92之间。相比之下，第二类公司表现出更大的可变性，得分在0.85到0.93之间。

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive evaluation of the sustainable efficiency of Vietnamese airports 越南机场可持续效率的综合评价

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102074

Thuong-Truyet Ngo , Chia-Nan Wang , Ching-Chiao Yang

This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation model that integrates the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainable development for evaluating airport efficiency. The Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model is applied to assess the sustainable efficiency of airports in Vietnam based on three key parameters: throughput metrics, CO₂ emissions, and the accessibility index. The study collects practical data and develops methods to estimate CO₂ emissions, utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to build the accessibility index, thereby ensuring a holistic evaluation of sustainable efficiency. The findings indicate that while Vietnamese airports have made progress in sustainable efficiency, there are areas for improvement, particularly for airports that have yet to achieve optimal performance. These insights can inform strategic improvements and policy interventions, providing valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers seeking to achieve sustainable growth in the aviation sector.

本研究提出综合经济、环境和社会可持续发展维度的机场效率评价模型。基于slacks的度量（SBM）模型基于三个关键参数：吞吐量指标、二氧化碳排放和可达性指数，用于评估越南机场的可持续效率。本研究在收集实际数据的基础上，采用层次分析法（AHP）结合TOPSIS法（Order Preference Technique by Similarity to a Ideal Solution）构建可达性指标，从而实现可持续效率的整体评价。调查结果表明，虽然越南机场在可持续效率方面取得了进展，但仍有需要改进的地方，特别是那些尚未达到最佳性能的机场。这些见解可以为战略改进和政策干预提供信息，为寻求实现航空业可持续增长的政策制定者和研究人员提供有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the value of lost load to South Korea's residential electricity consumers by stated and revealed preference methods 通过声明和显示的偏好方法评估韩国住宅电力消费者损失负荷的价值

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102072

Taeyoung Jin

This study estimates the value of lost load (VoLL) for the residential sector in South Korea, where an isolated electricity system and the rapid growth of renewable energy sources increase the risk of blackouts. We provide benchmark outage cost estimates using two complementary approaches based on stated preferences (the contingent valuation method, CVM) and revealed preferences (the leisure cost method, LCM). The CVM VoLL is 3,564 KRW/kWh (2.76 USD/kWh), reflecting households' willingness to pay to prevent a 1-h outage. In contrast, the LCM VoLL is 7,473 KRW/kWh (5.78 USD/kWh), representing the opportunity cost of lost leisure. A robustness check applying a two-step classification of protest responses yields 4,857 KRW/kWh (3.76 USD/kWh), narrowing the gap with international benchmarks. The relatively low CVM VoLL reflects the public-good perception of electricity in South Korea, where Korea Electric Power Corporation, a public utility, supplies power under regulated tariffs. By contrast, the higher LCM VoLL highlights the implicit economic value of reliability. Distinguishing protest zeros in stated-preference surveys is therefore critical for accurate estimation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of integrating robust VoLL estimates into electricity market reforms. In the short term, they provide empirical support for addressing the public utility's financial deficit caused by regulated tariffs. In the long term, they can guide the development of capacity and ancillary service markets, and help address the “missing money” problem associated with energy transitions. Beyond Korea, the findings offer insights for other countries with isolated grids or strong public-sector governance, contributing to more reliable and equitable electricity market design.

这项研究估计了韩国住宅部门的损失负荷（VoLL）的价值，在韩国，孤立的电力系统和可再生能源的快速增长增加了停电的风险。我们使用两种互补的方法提供基准停机成本估算，这两种方法基于陈述偏好（条件估值法，CVM）和显示偏好（休闲成本法，LCM）。CVM VoLL为3564韩元/千瓦时（2.76美元/千瓦时），反映了家庭为防止1小时停电而付费的意愿。相比之下，LCM的VoLL为7,473韩元/千瓦时（5.78美元/千瓦时），代表了失去休闲的机会成本。采用两步分类对抗议反应进行稳健性检查，结果为4,857韩元/千瓦时（3.76美元/千瓦时），缩小了与国际基准的差距。相对较低的CVM VoLL反映了韩国公共产品对电力的看法，韩国电力公司是一家公用事业公司，在受管制的电价下供电。相比之下，较高的LCM VoLL突出了可靠性的隐含经济价值。因此，在国家偏好调查中区分抗议零点对于准确估计至关重要。综上所述，这些结果表明将可靠的VoLL估计纳入电力市场改革的重要性。在短期内，它们为解决管制关税造成的公用事业财政赤字提供了实证支持。从长远来看，它们可以指导产能和辅助服务市场的发展，并有助于解决与能源转型相关的“缺钱”问题。除韩国外，研究结果还为其他电网隔离或公共部门治理较强的国家提供了启示，有助于实现更可靠、更公平的电力市场设计。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing energy transition in Egypt: The roles of water resources and digitalization 促进埃及能源转型：水资源和数字化的作用

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102073

Walaa Hussein Abdallah , Dalia M. Ibrahiem , Nourhane Houssam , Rehab R. Esily

The water-energy nexus has garnered increased academic attention, particularly in light of the targets for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDGs 6 and 7. A comprehensive examination of the interactions between water and energy will yield alternatives that accelerate the achievement of the 2050 net-zero emissions objective. Despite the importance of these dynamics, Egypt, a country heavily dependent on hydrocarbons and facing major challenges in transitioning to zero-carbon energy systems through renewable sources, has received limited attention.

Thus, this study addresses these critical gaps by examining how water resources and digitalization affect the energy transition, using economic, industrial, and urban growth as control variables, in Egypt over the period 1990 to 2022. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) time series method and the Granger causality test, the results show that water resources and digitalization have a persistent and statistically significant positive impact on energy transition. There are bidirectional causal links between water resources and the energy transition, while a one-way causal link exists from both economic and urban growth to water resources. In line with the conclusions, a successful and environmentally conscious energy transition requires emphasizing technological innovation, sustainable urban planning and development, efficient use of water resources, and policy alignment.

水资源与能源之间的联系引起了越来越多的学术关注，特别是考虑到可持续发展目标（sdg）的具体目标，特别是可持续发展目标6和7。对水和能源之间相互作用的全面研究将产生替代方案，加速实现2050年净零排放目标。尽管这些动态很重要，但埃及作为一个严重依赖碳氢化合物的国家，在通过可再生能源向零碳能源系统过渡方面面临着重大挑战，因此受到的关注有限。因此，本研究以1990年至2022年期间埃及的经济、工业和城市增长为控制变量，通过研究水资源和数字化如何影响能源转型，解决了这些关键差距。利用自回归分布滞后（ARDL）时间序列方法和格兰杰因果检验，结果表明水资源和数字化对能源转型具有持续且统计显著的正影响。水资源与能源转型之间存在双向因果关系，而经济和城市增长与水资源之间存在单向因果关系。根据这些结论，一个成功的、具有环保意识的能源转型需要强调技术创新、可持续的城市规划和发展、水资源的有效利用和政策协调。

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引用次数: 0

Sewage waste management in Brazil: A sustainable development perspective 巴西的污水废物管理：可持续发展的视角

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102070

Camila da Silva Serra Comineti , Madalena Maria Schlindwein , Paulo Henrique de Oliveira Hoeckel , Tiago Henrique de Abreu Mateus , Nadya Kalache

Achieving universal access to safe sanitation is a challenge that requires the integration of public policies, investment, technology, and efficient sewage waste treatment. This study examines sewage waste management in Brazil from a sustainable development perspective, assessing the availability of resources, actions, treatment types, disposal methods, treatment efficiency, and potential reuse opportunities. Historical data from 5570 Brazilian municipalities were compiled from key national sanitation databases. The analysis combines descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and qualitative assessments of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 targets. The findings reveal that Brazilian sewage programs primarily emphasize population coverage while neglecting technical and qualitative aspects of sewage treatment. Water potability remains below SDG target 6.1, and if current investment patterns persist, Brazil will not meet target 6.2 by 2030, leaving only 42 % of the population with access to sewage services. Analysis of target 6.a highlights issues with insufficient local policies and limited financial investment. The development of the Sewage Treatment Index (STI) enabled a comprehensive assessment of treatment efficiency across all 5570 municipalities, highlighting areas for improvement and opportunities for sustainable practices. The results showed that only 33 % of municipalities met satisfactory sewage treatment efficiency (target 6.3). Although still in its early stages, incipient efforts toward sustainable sewage management are emerging through the regulated reuse of sewage waste in 1 % of municipalities, offering promising environmental, social, and economic potential benefits. However, the lack of regular census and sanitation survey data hinders transparent monitoring of progress toward SDG goals and national requirements. These findings raise questions about the accuracy of SDG 6 monitoring globally, suggesting that other countries may also be further from achieving the targets than current reports suggest.

实现普遍获得安全卫生设施是一项挑战，需要将公共政策、投资、技术和有效的污水处理结合起来。本研究从可持续发展的角度考察了巴西的污水废物管理，评估了资源的可用性、行动、处理类型、处置方法、处理效率和潜在的再利用机会。来自5570个巴西城市的历史数据是从主要的国家卫生数据库中汇编的。该分析结合了描述性统计、探索性因素分析和可持续发展目标6具体目标的定性评估。研究结果表明，巴西的污水处理项目主要强调人口覆盖率，而忽视了污水处理的技术和质量方面。饮用水仍然低于可持续发展目标6.1，如果目前的投资模式持续下去，到2030年，巴西将无法实现目标6.2，届时只有42%的人口能够获得污水处理服务。6.目标分析A突出了地方政策不足、财政投入有限的问题。污水处理指数（STI）的开发能够对所有5570个城市的处理效率进行全面评估，突出了需要改进的领域和可持续实践的机会。结果表明，只有33%的城市达到了令人满意的污水处理效率（目标6.3）。尽管仍处于早期阶段，但通过1%的城市对污水废物的规范再利用，可持续污水管理的初步努力正在出现，提供了有希望的环境，社会和经济潜在效益。然而，缺乏定期人口普查和卫生调查数据阻碍了对可持续发展目标和国家要求进展情况的透明监测。这些发现对全球可持续发展目标6监测的准确性提出了质疑，表明其他国家也可能比目前报告所显示的距离实现目标更远。

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引用次数: 0

Standards-based enterprise architecture for Iran's distribution system operators: A comparative assessment 伊朗配电系统运营商基于标准的企业架构：比较评估

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102069

Shakiba Sadeghi, Mahyar Gholizadeh, Mohammad Pourheydari, Ashkan Hojjati, Fatemeh Goltapeh, Saeed Moharrami Shahbekandi

The interfacing with digital transformation and smart grid requirements necessitates a standardized Enterprise Architecture (EA) in Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Based on a review of process models from 39 Iranian DSOs, this study examines two frameworks: the general-domain American Productivity and Quality Center (APQC) and the domain-specific IEC 61968–1:2020, to assess their adaptation across the business, information, software, and technology layers of EA. The findings show that while APQC provides the classification of business processes, it does not model data flows, software systems, and technologies, thus requiring extensive customization for adaptation in DSOs. In contrast, IEC, which presents a software architecture for DSOs, offers a precise model for the flow of data and tasks, facilitating minimal customization for implementation.

数字化转型和智能电网需求的对接要求配电系统运营商（dso）必须采用标准化的企业架构（EA）。基于对39个伊朗dso过程模型的回顾，本研究考察了两个框架：通用领域的美国生产力和质量中心（APQC）和特定领域的IEC 61968-1:2020，以评估它们在EA的业务、信息、软件和技术层上的适应性。研究结果表明，虽然APQC提供了业务流程的分类，但它没有为数据流、软件系统和技术建模，因此需要在dso中进行广泛的定制以适应。相比之下，IEC为dso提供了一个软件架构，为数据和任务流提供了一个精确的模型，为实现提供了最小的定制。

引用次数: 0

Energy citizenship in northern Ghana: drivers of community engagement in the sustainable energy transitions 加纳北部的能源公民：社区参与可持续能源转型的驱动因素

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102067

Albert Kotawoke Awopone , Abdul-Latif Ayariga Amidu , Sarpong Hammond Antwi , Patrick Nyaaba Ayambire , Isaac Prempeh

This study examines the drivers of community engagement in sustainable energy transitions in Northern Ghana, with a focus on the concept of energy citizenship. Through a survey of 678 residents across selected rural communities, the study examines how awareness, motivation, and perceived benefits influence active participation in renewable energy initiatives, employing the Structural Equation Modeling approach. Key constructs were validated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and the relationships were tested using path analysis. Results indicate that community members are motivated by affordability, local economic benefits, and a sense of ownership over energy systems. However, policy awareness showed limited influence on engagement, and infrastructural gaps persist. The study recommends enhanced local engagement strategies and targeted education campaigns to strengthen energy citizenship and promote inclusive energy governance.

本研究考察了加纳北部社区参与可持续能源转型的驱动因素，重点关注能源公民的概念。通过对选定农村社区的678名居民的调查，本研究采用结构方程建模方法，考察了意识、动机和感知利益如何影响可再生能源倡议的积极参与。通过验证性因子分析对关键构念进行验证，并使用通径分析对关系进行检验。结果表明，社区成员的动机是可负担性、当地经济效益和对能源系统的主人翁意识。然而，政策意识对参与的影响有限，基础设施差距仍然存在。该研究建议加强地方参与战略和有针对性的教育活动，以加强能源公民意识，促进包容性能源治理。

引用次数: 0

Effects of relaxing South Korea's increasing-block electricity pricing structure on residential consumers 放宽韩国日益增长的块电价结构对住宅消费者的影响

IF 4.4 3区经济学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Utilities Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102066

Soim Lee , Jong Ho Hong

During the extreme heatwaves of 2016, the South Korean government temporarily modified the increasing-block rate (IBR) pricing structure by expanding the usage thresholds for each pricing tier to reduce the burden of electricity bills. This study examines the effects of this adjustment on residential electricity consumption. Using a quasi-experimental approach with household survey data, the analysis reveals that households increase their electricity consumption after receiving bills with reduced charges, undermining the energy conservation goals of the original IBR structure. Specifically, middle-income households show a statistically significant increase in electricity usage, whereas the other groups exhibit negligible changes. The summer IBR relaxation primarily benefits middle-income households, leaving low-income households largely unaffected in terms of affordability. These findings highlight the policy challenges of trying to target and protect vulnerable households during periods of extreme heat.

在2016年的极端热浪中，韩国政府通过扩大每个定价层的使用门槛，临时修改了IBR定价结构，以减轻电费负担。本研究考察了这一调整对居民用电量的影响。通过对住户调查数据的准实验方法分析，发现住户在收到费用降低的账单后增加了他们的用电量，破坏了原始IBR结构的节能目标。具体来说，中等收入家庭的用电量在统计上显著增加，而其他群体的变化可以忽略不计。夏季IBR的放松主要使中等收入家庭受益，而低收入家庭在负担能力方面基本不受影响。这些发现突出了在极端高温期间试图瞄准和保护脆弱家庭的政策挑战。

引用次数: 0

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