Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102083
Sinem Kol , Gokturk Poyrazoglu , Hasan Yilmaz
The increasing penetration of small-scale PV distributed generation in medium-voltage networks has introduced unexpected challenges. While PV generation reduces the real power drawn from the transmission grid, the absence of monetization for reactive power means that reactive demand remains unchanged. This mismatch results in declining power factors and potential financial penalties for DSOs. A local reactive power market offers an alternative solution, not for voltage stability but specifically for maintaining the power factor. This paper proposes a reactive market framework tailored for Turkiye, covering its operational steps, market-clearing process, demand elasticity, payment structure, and mathematical model. The framework incorporates a ±10% forecast tolerance to discourage gaming and promote fairness. It introduces the concept of a sustainability threshold to ensure that energy sustainability remains central to the system operations. Finally, two key regulatory proposals are discussed to accelerate implementation: spatial aggregation of power factor limits to increase competitiveness and dynamic, seasonally-adjusted thresholds to reflect demand seasonality.
{"title":"Reactive power market design for unutilized grid-forming assets to address power factor penalties in Turkiye","authors":"Sinem Kol , Gokturk Poyrazoglu , Hasan Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing penetration of small-scale PV distributed generation in medium-voltage networks has introduced unexpected challenges. While PV generation reduces the real power drawn from the transmission grid, the absence of monetization for reactive power means that reactive demand remains unchanged. This mismatch results in declining power factors and potential financial penalties for DSOs. A local reactive power market offers an alternative solution, not for voltage stability but specifically for maintaining the power factor. This paper proposes a reactive market framework tailored for Turkiye, covering its operational steps, market-clearing process, demand elasticity, payment structure, and mathematical model. The framework incorporates a ±10% forecast tolerance to discourage gaming and promote fairness. It introduces the concept of a sustainability threshold to ensure that energy sustainability remains central to the system operations. Finally, two key regulatory proposals are discussed to accelerate implementation: spatial aggregation of power factor limits to increase competitiveness and dynamic, seasonally-adjusted thresholds to reflect demand seasonality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 102083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102077
Robins Anto , Rhythm Singh , Dipanwita Ray , Syed Hasan Imam , Amit Arora
Demand flexibility is a promising resource for demand-side management. Globally, with increased renewable penetration and electrified loads, utilities are developing robust frameworks to aggregate flexible loads for Demand Response and enhance grid decarbonisation. This research concentrates on a demand response programme, titled ‘Urja Arpan’ (Energy Sacrifice), implemented in New Delhi, India, and led by the utility company TATA Power Delhi Distribution Limited. This novel concept focuses on enhancing consumer engagement within an energy community, comprising residential, commercial, and industrial consumers, to alleviate grid strain and optimise network utilisation through demand flexibility. The DR programme currently involves 67,000 residential consumers and 24,600 commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers. The utility used smart meter data and program enrollment records to analyse participation trends and quantify peak load reduction during 2022–2024. The DR events achieved a flexible demand of 7.69 MW in 2022, 85 MW in 2023, and 560 MW in 2024, showing a remarkable increasing trend over the years. This demand response program offered no incentives or subsidies to residential, commercial, or industrial consumers for providing demand flexibility, a unique aspect of this work. Instead, every participant was nominated for a prize drawing after every DR event. The primary driving factors for participating consumers are energy savings and an interest in sustainable energy and environmental protection. The results demonstrate that community-based, non-monetary DR models can achieve utility-scale flexibility and could offer a sustainable pathway for decarbonising the grids.
{"title":"Leveraging enhanced consumer engagement to achieve demand response and flexibility in an Indian energy community","authors":"Robins Anto , Rhythm Singh , Dipanwita Ray , Syed Hasan Imam , Amit Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demand flexibility is a promising resource for demand-side management. Globally, with increased renewable penetration and electrified loads, utilities are developing robust frameworks to aggregate flexible loads for Demand Response and enhance grid decarbonisation. This research concentrates on a demand response programme, titled ‘Urja Arpan’ (Energy Sacrifice), implemented in New Delhi, India, and led by the utility company TATA Power Delhi Distribution Limited. This novel concept focuses on enhancing consumer engagement within an energy community, comprising residential, commercial, and industrial consumers, to alleviate grid strain and optimise network utilisation through demand flexibility. The DR programme currently involves 67,000 residential consumers and 24,600 commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers. The utility used smart meter data and program enrollment records to analyse participation trends and quantify peak load reduction during 2022–2024. The DR events achieved a flexible demand of 7.69 MW in 2022, 85 MW in 2023, and 560 MW in 2024, showing a remarkable increasing trend over the years. This demand response program offered no incentives or subsidies to residential, commercial, or industrial consumers for providing demand flexibility, a unique aspect of this work. Instead, every participant was nominated for a prize drawing after every DR event. The primary driving factors for participating consumers are energy savings and an interest in sustainable energy and environmental protection. The results demonstrate that community-based, non-monetary DR models can achieve utility-scale flexibility and could offer a sustainable pathway for decarbonising the grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 102077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145327364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102060
Wan-Ching Wang , Tze-Luen Lin
This study applies Historical Institutionalism (HI) to analyze Taiwan's renewable-energy policies from 2016 to 2024, focusing on the interaction of institutional inertia and export-oriented decarbonization pressures. Taiwan's transition faces a “dual tension”: entrenched lock-in from low tariffs and centralized thermal power, and external demands such as the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), multinational supply-chain requirements, and tariff conflicts. CBAM, formally implemented in 2026, had already compelled anticipatory compliance and industrial adjustments in 2025 through trade-related rules and supply-chain demands. The study advances a “dual tension framework,” illustrating both the theoretical value of HI and concrete policy lessons for other export-dependent economies.
{"title":"Path dependence meets export-driven decarbonization: A historical institutional analysis of Taiwan's renewable energy policies","authors":"Wan-Ching Wang , Tze-Luen Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study applies Historical Institutionalism (HI) to analyze Taiwan's renewable-energy policies from 2016 to 2024, focusing on the interaction of institutional inertia and export-oriented decarbonization pressures. Taiwan's transition faces a “dual tension”: entrenched lock-in from low tariffs and centralized thermal power, and external demands such as the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), multinational supply-chain requirements, and tariff conflicts. CBAM, formally implemented in 2026, had already compelled anticipatory compliance and industrial adjustments in 2025 through trade-related rules and supply-chain demands. The study advances a “dual tension framework,” illustrating both the theoretical value of HI and concrete policy lessons for other export-dependent economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102081
Luanjuan Jiang , Xin Chen , Qianmu Li
This paper aims to navigate the evolution of Smart Grid Cybersecurity (SGCS) by conducting a comprehensive review of evolving challenges and proposing a collaborative framework for long-term security. A systematic analysis is conducted to reveal the research paradigm and evolution path of SGCS on a global scale. Advanced data analysis techniques are applied to produce research outputs, including key themes, graphical clusters, and science mapping of evolutionary trajectories in SGCS. Intrusion detection, critical infrastructure protection, and information and communications technology are identified as the three pivotal themes shaping the development and research frontiers of SGCS. To effectively address the challenges facing SG systems, particularly the secure integration of heterogeneous technologies, and to ensure long-term security, a collaborative framework is established. This framework involves key stakeholders in cybersecurity policies, business strategies, innovative technologies, and public participation. Further development trends and research ideas regarding each factor are discussed. Partnership among the stakeholders is emphasized to ensure the industry's future sustainability and long-term security. This study offers significant value to academics and practitioners by offering a comprehensive review of SGCS development, insights to guide future research, and a collaborative approach that can inform decision-making and promote enduring security strategies.
{"title":"Evolution of smart grid cybersecurity: toward a systematic framework for collaborative and sustainable development","authors":"Luanjuan Jiang , Xin Chen , Qianmu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to navigate the evolution of Smart Grid Cybersecurity (SGCS) by conducting a comprehensive review of evolving challenges and proposing a collaborative framework for long-term security. A systematic analysis is conducted to reveal the research paradigm and evolution path of SGCS on a global scale. Advanced data analysis techniques are applied to produce research outputs, including key themes, graphical clusters, and science mapping of evolutionary trajectories in SGCS. Intrusion detection, critical infrastructure protection, and information and communications technology are identified as the three pivotal themes shaping the development and research frontiers of SGCS. To effectively address the challenges facing SG systems, particularly the secure integration of heterogeneous technologies, and to ensure long-term security, a collaborative framework is established. This framework involves key stakeholders in cybersecurity policies, business strategies, innovative technologies, and public participation. Further development trends and research ideas regarding each factor are discussed. Partnership among the stakeholders is emphasized to ensure the industry's future sustainability and long-term security. This study offers significant value to academics and practitioners by offering a comprehensive review of SGCS development, insights to guide future research, and a collaborative approach that can inform decision-making and promote enduring security strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102078
Yikang Xiao , Yuting Mou , Bo Pan , Min Yang
Time-of-use tariffs have been widely adopted to manage the charging demand of electric vehicles within residential communities. However, the growing penetration of EVs has led to challenges, particularly over-response during off-peak periods. Currently, residential consumers in China are served by the grid company at a privileged price, which excludes network tariffs. In early 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission of China issued Guideline No. 1721, requiring the implementation of ”a differentiated pricing mechanism for the charging demand”. Consequently, while traditional household demand remains at the favorable price, innovative tariffs tailored for residential charging posts are being encouraged to address the increasing charging demand. Drawing on international experiences in tariff design, this study proposes a time-of-use tariff with a demand charge (ToU-D) for EV charging. Under this scheme, each EV owner reserves a monthly charging capacity and pays for the consumed energy according to a ToU tariff, but is subject to a penalty energy price for the charging profile above the reserved capacity. A mixed-integer bilevel optimization model is developed, where the upper level represents the grid company aiming to minimize wholesale electricity purchase costs subject to a regulated profit rate, while the lower level represents residential consumers aiming to minimize their electricity bills. To demonstrate the model’s adaptability to unbundled retail market settings, it is extended to consider network tariffs of different structures. The bilevel model is solved by transforming into a single-level one using a heuristic method that minimizes the duality gap of the lower-level problem, due to the existence of binary variables at the lower level. An empirical analysis based on realistic data reveals that the proposed tariff not only mitigates over-response issues and generates substantial economic benefits for both the grid company and EV owners overall, but also indicates that less flexible EV owners may face increased charging costs.
分时电价已被广泛用于管理住宅小区内电动汽车的充电需求。然而，电动汽车的日益普及也带来了挑战，尤其是在非高峰时期的过度反应。目前，中国的住宅用户由电网公司以优惠价格提供服务，不包括网络费用。2024年初，中国国家发展和改革委员会发布了第1721号指导意见，要求实施“收费需求差别化定价机制”。因此，在传统的家庭需求保持在优惠价格的同时，鼓励为住宅充电桩量身定制的创新电价，以满足日益增长的充电需求。本研究在借鉴国际电价设计经验的基础上，提出了电动汽车充电的分时电价（time-of-use tariff with demand charge, toud）。在此计划下，每名电动车车主每月预留一个充电容量，并按分时电价支付所消耗的能源，但须缴付高于预留容量的充电费用。建立了混合整数两层优化模型，其中上层代表电网公司，目标是在规定的利润率下使批发购电成本最小化，下层代表居民消费者，目标是使电费最小化。为了证明模型对非捆绑零售市场环境的适应性，将模型扩展到考虑不同结构的网络资费。利用启发式方法将双层模型转化为单层模型来求解，该方法使下层问题的对偶性差距最小化，因为下层存在二元变量。基于现实数据的实证分析表明，拟议的电价不仅缓解了过度反应问题，为电网公司和电动汽车车主整体带来了可观的经济效益，而且表明灵活性较差的电动汽车车主可能面临更高的充电成本。
{"title":"The design of a time-of-use tariff with a demand charge for residential electric vehicle charging posts","authors":"Yikang Xiao , Yuting Mou , Bo Pan , Min Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-of-use tariffs have been widely adopted to manage the charging demand of electric vehicles within residential communities. However, the growing penetration of EVs has led to challenges, particularly over-response during off-peak periods. Currently, residential consumers in China are served by the grid company at a privileged price, which excludes network tariffs. In early 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission of China issued Guideline No. 1721, requiring the implementation of ”a differentiated pricing mechanism for the charging demand”. Consequently, while traditional household demand remains at the favorable price, innovative tariffs tailored for residential charging posts are being encouraged to address the increasing charging demand. Drawing on international experiences in tariff design, this study proposes a time-of-use tariff with a demand charge (ToU-D) for EV charging. Under this scheme, each EV owner reserves a monthly charging capacity and pays for the consumed energy according to a ToU tariff, but is subject to a penalty energy price for the charging profile above the reserved capacity. A mixed-integer bilevel optimization model is developed, where the upper level represents the grid company aiming to minimize wholesale electricity purchase costs subject to a regulated profit rate, while the lower level represents residential consumers aiming to minimize their electricity bills. To demonstrate the model’s adaptability to unbundled retail market settings, it is extended to consider network tariffs of different structures. The bilevel model is solved by transforming into a single-level one using a heuristic method that minimizes the duality gap of the lower-level problem, due to the existence of binary variables at the lower level. An empirical analysis based on realistic data reveals that the proposed tariff not only mitigates over-response issues and generates substantial economic benefits for both the grid company and EV owners overall, but also indicates that less flexible EV owners may face increased charging costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102079
Robert B. Sowby, R. Bennett Price
Small community water systems comprise the majority of U.S. systems but serve a minority of the population. They often have limited resources. Regional collaboration may be a solution, and physical proximity is crucial. Using geospatial data, we quantify distances between systems across the contiguous United States. We find that 55 % of systems are adjacent to another one, 95 % are within 10 km (6.2 mi) of their nearest neighbor, and the average distance is 2.0 km (1.2 mi). Many clusters are apparent. The results suggest that proximity presents substantial possibilities for regional collaboration, including shared infrastructure, resources, planning, operation, and governance among public water systems.
{"title":"Proximity of U.S. community water systems: implications for regional collaboration","authors":"Robert B. Sowby, R. Bennett Price","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small community water systems comprise the majority of U.S. systems but serve a minority of the population. They often have limited resources. Regional collaboration may be a solution, and physical proximity is crucial. Using geospatial data, we quantify distances between systems across the contiguous United States. We find that 55 % of systems are adjacent to another one, 95 % are within 10 km (6.2 mi) of their nearest neighbor, and the average distance is 2.0 km (1.2 mi). Many clusters are apparent. The results suggest that proximity presents substantial possibilities for regional collaboration, including shared infrastructure, resources, planning, operation, and governance among public water systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102076
Alexandros Maziotis , Maria Molinos-Senante
Benchmarking the technical efficiency of water utilities is essential for informing evidence-based regulatory decisions. However, conventional performance assessment models often rely on the assumption of homogeneity among utilities. This study addresses this limitation by applying Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Analysis to 22 Chilean water utilities over the period from 2010 to 2017. The average technical efficiency scores for companies in Class 1 and Class 2 were 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. Companies in Class 1 exhibited stable performance over time, with efficiency scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. In contrast, companies in Class 2 demonstrated greater variability, with scores ranging between 0.85 and 0.93.
{"title":"Benchmarking technical efficiency of water utilities in Chile under heterogeneity: A latent class frontier approach","authors":"Alexandros Maziotis , Maria Molinos-Senante","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benchmarking the technical efficiency of water utilities is essential for informing evidence-based regulatory decisions. However, conventional performance assessment models often rely on the assumption of homogeneity among utilities. This study addresses this limitation by applying Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Analysis to 22 Chilean water utilities over the period from 2010 to 2017. The average technical efficiency scores for companies in Class 1 and Class 2 were 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. Companies in Class 1 exhibited stable performance over time, with efficiency scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. In contrast, companies in Class 2 demonstrated greater variability, with scores ranging between 0.85 and 0.93.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102074
Thuong-Truyet Ngo , Chia-Nan Wang , Ching-Chiao Yang
This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation model that integrates the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainable development for evaluating airport efficiency. The Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model is applied to assess the sustainable efficiency of airports in Vietnam based on three key parameters: throughput metrics, CO2 emissions, and the accessibility index. The study collects practical data and develops methods to estimate CO2 emissions, utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to build the accessibility index, thereby ensuring a holistic evaluation of sustainable efficiency. The findings indicate that while Vietnamese airports have made progress in sustainable efficiency, there are areas for improvement, particularly for airports that have yet to achieve optimal performance. These insights can inform strategic improvements and policy interventions, providing valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers seeking to achieve sustainable growth in the aviation sector.
本研究提出综合经济、环境和社会可持续发展维度的机场效率评价模型。基于slacks的度量（SBM）模型基于三个关键参数：吞吐量指标、二氧化碳排放和可达性指数，用于评估越南机场的可持续效率。本研究在收集实际数据的基础上，采用层次分析法（AHP）结合TOPSIS法（Order Preference Technique by Similarity to a Ideal Solution）构建可达性指标，从而实现可持续效率的整体评价。调查结果表明，虽然越南机场在可持续效率方面取得了进展，但仍有需要改进的地方，特别是那些尚未达到最佳性能的机场。这些见解可以为战略改进和政策干预提供信息，为寻求实现航空业可持续增长的政策制定者和研究人员提供有价值的指导。
{"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the sustainable efficiency of Vietnamese airports","authors":"Thuong-Truyet Ngo , Chia-Nan Wang , Ching-Chiao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation model that integrates the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainable development for evaluating airport efficiency. The Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model is applied to assess the sustainable efficiency of airports in Vietnam based on three key parameters: throughput metrics, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and the accessibility index. The study collects practical data and develops methods to estimate CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to build the accessibility index, thereby ensuring a holistic evaluation of sustainable efficiency. The findings indicate that while Vietnamese airports have made progress in sustainable efficiency, there are areas for improvement, particularly for airports that have yet to achieve optimal performance. These insights can inform strategic improvements and policy interventions, providing valuable guidance for policymakers and researchers seeking to achieve sustainable growth in the aviation sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102072
Taeyoung Jin
This study estimates the value of lost load (VoLL) for the residential sector in South Korea, where an isolated electricity system and the rapid growth of renewable energy sources increase the risk of blackouts. We provide benchmark outage cost estimates using two complementary approaches based on stated preferences (the contingent valuation method, CVM) and revealed preferences (the leisure cost method, LCM). The CVM VoLL is 3,564 KRW/kWh (2.76 USD/kWh), reflecting households' willingness to pay to prevent a 1-h outage. In contrast, the LCM VoLL is 7,473 KRW/kWh (5.78 USD/kWh), representing the opportunity cost of lost leisure. A robustness check applying a two-step classification of protest responses yields 4,857 KRW/kWh (3.76 USD/kWh), narrowing the gap with international benchmarks. The relatively low CVM VoLL reflects the public-good perception of electricity in South Korea, where Korea Electric Power Corporation, a public utility, supplies power under regulated tariffs. By contrast, the higher LCM VoLL highlights the implicit economic value of reliability. Distinguishing protest zeros in stated-preference surveys is therefore critical for accurate estimation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of integrating robust VoLL estimates into electricity market reforms. In the short term, they provide empirical support for addressing the public utility's financial deficit caused by regulated tariffs. In the long term, they can guide the development of capacity and ancillary service markets, and help address the “missing money” problem associated with energy transitions. Beyond Korea, the findings offer insights for other countries with isolated grids or strong public-sector governance, contributing to more reliable and equitable electricity market design.
{"title":"Evaluating the value of lost load to South Korea's residential electricity consumers by stated and revealed preference methods","authors":"Taeyoung Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study estimates the value of lost load (VoLL) for the residential sector in South Korea, where an isolated electricity system and the rapid growth of renewable energy sources increase the risk of blackouts. We provide benchmark outage cost estimates using two complementary approaches based on stated preferences (the contingent valuation method, CVM) and revealed preferences (the leisure cost method, LCM). The CVM VoLL is 3,564 KRW/kWh (2.76 USD/kWh), reflecting households' willingness to pay to prevent a 1-h outage. In contrast, the LCM VoLL is 7,473 KRW/kWh (5.78 USD/kWh), representing the opportunity cost of lost leisure. A robustness check applying a two-step classification of protest responses yields 4,857 KRW/kWh (3.76 USD/kWh), narrowing the gap with international benchmarks. The relatively low CVM VoLL reflects the public-good perception of electricity in South Korea, where Korea Electric Power Corporation, a public utility, supplies power under regulated tariffs. By contrast, the higher LCM VoLL highlights the implicit economic value of reliability. Distinguishing protest zeros in stated-preference surveys is therefore critical for accurate estimation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of integrating robust VoLL estimates into electricity market reforms. In the short term, they provide empirical support for addressing the public utility's financial deficit caused by regulated tariffs. In the long term, they can guide the development of capacity and ancillary service markets, and help address the “missing money” problem associated with energy transitions. Beyond Korea, the findings offer insights for other countries with isolated grids or strong public-sector governance, contributing to more reliable and equitable electricity market design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2025.102073
Walaa Hussein Abdallah , Dalia M. Ibrahiem , Nourhane Houssam , Rehab R. Esily
The water-energy nexus has garnered increased academic attention, particularly in light of the targets for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDGs 6 and 7. A comprehensive examination of the interactions between water and energy will yield alternatives that accelerate the achievement of the 2050 net-zero emissions objective. Despite the importance of these dynamics, Egypt, a country heavily dependent on hydrocarbons and facing major challenges in transitioning to zero-carbon energy systems through renewable sources, has received limited attention.
Thus, this study addresses these critical gaps by examining how water resources and digitalization affect the energy transition, using economic, industrial, and urban growth as control variables, in Egypt over the period 1990 to 2022. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) time series method and the Granger causality test, the results show that water resources and digitalization have a persistent and statistically significant positive impact on energy transition. There are bidirectional causal links between water resources and the energy transition, while a one-way causal link exists from both economic and urban growth to water resources. In line with the conclusions, a successful and environmentally conscious energy transition requires emphasizing technological innovation, sustainable urban planning and development, efficient use of water resources, and policy alignment.
{"title":"Enhancing energy transition in Egypt: The roles of water resources and digitalization","authors":"Walaa Hussein Abdallah , Dalia M. Ibrahiem , Nourhane Houssam , Rehab R. Esily","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jup.2025.102073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water-energy nexus has garnered increased academic attention, particularly in light of the targets for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDGs 6 and 7. A comprehensive examination of the interactions between water and energy will yield alternatives that accelerate the achievement of the 2050 net-zero emissions objective. Despite the importance of these dynamics, Egypt, a country heavily dependent on hydrocarbons and facing major challenges in transitioning to zero-carbon energy systems through renewable sources, has received limited attention.</div><div>Thus, this study addresses these critical gaps by examining how water resources and digitalization affect the energy transition, using economic, industrial, and urban growth as control variables, in Egypt over the period 1990 to 2022. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) time series method and the Granger causality test, the results show that water resources and digitalization have a persistent and statistically significant positive impact on energy transition. There are bidirectional causal links between water resources and the energy transition, while a one-way causal link exists from both economic and urban growth to water resources. In line with the conclusions, a successful and environmentally conscious energy transition requires emphasizing technological innovation, sustainable urban planning and development, efficient use of water resources, and policy alignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23554,"journal":{"name":"Utilities Policy","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 102073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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