S’interroger sur la recyclabilité d’un emballage revient à s’interroger sur toutes les étapes qu’il va parcourir dès lors qu’il est jeté dans la poubelle de tri, jusqu’à sa réintroduction dans un nouveau cycle de production. De nombreuses marques investissent pour concevoir et mettre sur le marché des emballages recyclables. Pour être recyclés, il faut qu’ils soient au préalable correctement triés par les consommateurs puis dans les centres de tri. Le tri constitue une étape complexe à évaluer en termes de performances puisque l’emballage se retrouve mélangé à d’autres déchets, dans des configurations variées (souillé, écrasé…), et passe dans plusieurs équipements de tri dont chacun a une fonction spécifique (mais aussi des limites) et oriente les déchets vers leur prochaine destination. Les essais à échelle pilote réalisés, sur un équipement de tri vu unitairement ou en centre de tri à vide, déconnectés d’un environnement réel, sont souvent insuffisants pour s’assurer qu’un emballage rejoindra le bon flux matière à recycler. Pour accompagner ces marques sur l’évaluation de la triabilité de leurs emballages, Veolia a développé une approche qui utilise la technologie RFID (identification par radio fréquence, radio frequency identification en anglais). L’utilisation de la RFID pour tracer les emballages en centre de tri permet d’avoir une perception représentative de leur comportement réel au sein des équipements (emballage au sein d’un flux de déchets, suivi du cheminement complet de l’emballage à travers tous les équipements se succédant dans le procédé) et de ne pas interférer avec le fonctionnement normal de l’usine. La méthodologie de validation de l’utilisation de la RFID pour évaluer la triabilité d’un emballage en centre de tri est présentée. Des résultats types d’essais illustrent la démarche proposée.
{"title":"Recyclabilité d’un emballage : Évaluation de la triabilité avec la technologie RFID","authors":"A. Covez, A. Dubourg, S. Navarro, N. Pont","doi":"10.36904/tsm/202209037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202209037","url":null,"abstract":"S’interroger sur la recyclabilité d’un emballage revient à s’interroger sur toutes les étapes qu’il va parcourir dès lors qu’il est jeté dans la poubelle de tri, jusqu’à sa réintroduction dans un nouveau cycle de production. De nombreuses marques investissent pour concevoir et mettre sur le marché des emballages recyclables. Pour être recyclés, il faut qu’ils soient au préalable correctement triés par les consommateurs puis dans les centres de tri. Le tri constitue une étape complexe à évaluer en termes de performances puisque l’emballage se retrouve mélangé à d’autres déchets, dans des configurations variées (souillé, écrasé…), et passe dans plusieurs équipements de tri dont chacun a une fonction spécifique (mais aussi des limites) et oriente les déchets vers leur prochaine destination. Les essais à échelle pilote réalisés, sur un équipement de tri vu unitairement ou en centre de tri à vide, déconnectés\u0000d’un environnement réel, sont souvent insuffisants pour s’assurer qu’un emballage rejoindra le bon flux matière à recycler. Pour accompagner ces marques sur l’évaluation de la triabilité de leurs emballages, Veolia a développé une approche qui utilise la technologie RFID (identification par radio fréquence, radio frequency identification en anglais). L’utilisation de la RFID pour tracer les emballages en centre de tri permet d’avoir une perception représentative de leur comportement réel au sein des équipements (emballage au sein d’un flux de déchets, suivi du cheminement complet de l’emballage à travers tous les équipements se succédant dans le procédé) et de ne pas interférer avec le fonctionnement normal de l’usine. La méthodologie de validation de l’utilisation de la RFID pour évaluer la triabilité d’un emballage en centre de tri est présentée. Des résultats types d’essais illustrent la démarche proposée.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81549776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impulsé successivement par les lois dites Grenelle de 2009 et 2010, en 2015 par la loi de transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, dite LTECV, en 2018 par la loi pour l'équilibre des relations commerciales dans le secteur agricole et une alimentation saine et durable, dite EGALIM, puis en 2020 par la loi anti-gaspillage pour une économie circulaire, dite AGEC, le tri à la source des biodéchets ambitionne de mieux capter leur valeur agronomique et énergétique. Ainsi, en substitution à l’incinération et à l’enfouissement, l’objectif est désormais de favoriser les filières de valorisation des biodéchets par épandage, après compostage et/ou méthanisation. Mais si, avec le composteur au fond du jardin, la mise en oeuvre de ce programme est relativement simple dans le cas de l’habitat rural, il en va autrement en zone urbaine où de nombreuses options sont à considérer, avec des circuits de collecte et de traitement plus ou moins complexes. Conjointement au développement de solutions de compostage à petite échelle très médiatisées, de nouveaux modèles de gestion centralisée couplée à une grande diversité de procédés font leur apparition. Aux côtés de nouveaux équipements de déconditionnement qui permettent d’extraire la soupe organique des biodéchets des gros producteurs pour nourrir les méthaniseurs, cohabitent des usines sous maîtrise d’ouvrage publique pour traiter les biodéchets en mélange des collectivités. Dans ce contexte de développement de l’économie circulaire, mais aussi de grande instabilité du marché des prix de l’énergie, la notion récente de « biodéchets », introduite en droit français par la directive cadre de 2008, perturbe l’équilibre des filières du retour au sol des déchets organiques (déchets végétaux, fraction fermentescible des ordures ménagères, ordures ménagères résiduelles, résidus alimentaires, boues d’épuration…). Au travers de divers outils, l’objet de cet article est d’interroger l’origine de cette notion de « biodéchets », en France et à l’étranger.
{"title":"Le biodéchet, une notion à stabiliser pour une meilleure valorisation","authors":"E. Adler","doi":"10.36904/tsm/202209045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202209045","url":null,"abstract":"Impulsé successivement par les lois dites Grenelle de 2009 et 2010, en 2015 par la loi de\u0000transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, dite LTECV, en 2018 par la loi pour l'équilibre des relations commerciales dans le secteur agricole et une alimentation saine et durable, dite EGALIM, puis en 2020 par la loi anti-gaspillage pour une économie circulaire, dite AGEC, le tri à la source des biodéchets ambitionne de mieux capter leur valeur agronomique et énergétique. Ainsi, en substitution à l’incinération et à l’enfouissement, l’objectif est désormais de favoriser les filières de valorisation des biodéchets par épandage, après compostage et/ou méthanisation. Mais si, avec le composteur au fond du jardin, la mise en oeuvre de ce programme est relativement simple dans le cas de l’habitat rural, il en va autrement en zone urbaine où de nombreuses options sont à considérer, avec des circuits de collecte et de traitement plus ou moins complexes. Conjointement au développement de solutions de compostage à petite échelle très médiatisées, de nouveaux modèles de gestion centralisée couplée à une grande diversité de procédés font leur apparition. Aux côtés de nouveaux équipements de déconditionnement qui permettent d’extraire la soupe organique des biodéchets des gros producteurs pour nourrir les méthaniseurs, cohabitent des usines sous maîtrise d’ouvrage publique pour traiter les biodéchets en mélange des collectivités. Dans ce contexte de développement de l’économie circulaire, mais aussi de grande instabilité du marché des prix de l’énergie, la notion récente de « biodéchets », introduite en droit français par la directive cadre de 2008, perturbe l’équilibre des filières du retour au sol des déchets organiques (déchets végétaux, fraction fermentescible des ordures ménagères, ordures ménagères résiduelles, résidus alimentaires, boues d’épuration…). Au travers de divers outils, l’objet de cet article est d’interroger l’origine de cette notion de « biodéchets », en France et à l’étranger.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73151126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dans le cadre de ses marchés de travaux publics d’infrastructures, la Société du Grand Paris (SGP) travaille sur l’amélioration de la prise en compte des enjeux de développement durable dans son analyse des offres reçues. À cette fin, elle compte introduire des critères de jugement des offres, reposant sur l’évaluation des performances environnementales au travers principalement de trois thématiques : la gestion circulaire des déblais, le transport et le bilan carbone. Le présent travail porte spécifiquement sur la première thématique, au regard des volumes de déblais générés pour la réalisation du projet du Grand Paris Express. Le critère de la circularité des déblais a été conçu par l’examen des exigences réglementaires sur les facteurs qui déterminent la meilleure offre en termes d’externalités négatives liées à la gestion des déblais. Il tient compte non seulement de la vision du candidat sur l’économie circulaire, mais aussi des mesures réelles que prend celui-ci en faveur de l’économie circulaire. Une attention particulière a été accordée à la cohérence de la méthode proposée avec les moyens existants de suivi en phase travaux. L’examen de l’impact de l’indice de circularité sur les coûts de gestion des déblais a démontré sa sensibilité aux différentes solutions de gestion que peut choisir l’entreprise au stade de l’offre. Pour les cinq scénarios étudiés, l’augmentation de l’indice de circularité s’est traduite par une baisse systématique des coûts de gestion, jusqu’à l’atteinte d’une réduction de 47 % par rapport au scénario de référence. A contrario, le taux de valorisation peut occulter les efforts des candidats à privilégier les solutions les plus vertueuses et économiquement avantageuses. En effet, on a pu observer dans cette étude des écarts de coûts de gestion de l’ordre de 10 % avec des scénarios présentant des taux de valorisation identiques.
作为其基础设施公共工程合同的一部分，societe du Grand Paris (SGP)正在努力在其对收到的投标的分析中更好地考虑可持续发展问题。为此，它打算引入基于环境绩效评估的投标评审标准，主要通过三个主题:碎片循环管理、运输和碳平衡。目前的工作特别关注第一个主题，考虑到为实现大巴黎快车项目而产生的碎片量。碎石圆度标准是通过审查监管要求而制定的，这些要求涉及在碎石管理的负外部性方面决定最佳报价的因素。它不仅考虑了候选人对循环经济的愿景，也考虑了候选人为循环经济所采取的实际措施。特别注意拟议的方法与现有的施工阶段监测手段的一致性。对圆度指数对碎石管理成本影响的研究表明，它对公司在投标阶段可以选择的各种管理方案非常敏感。在研究的五种情景中，圆度指数的增加导致管理成本的系统降低，与参考情景相比降低了47%。相比之下，回收率可能会掩盖候选人选择最有利和经济上有利的解决方案的努力。事实上，在本研究中，在估值相同的情况下，管理成本的差异约为10%。
{"title":"Évaluation de la circularité des déblais comme critère d’achat éco-responsable dans les marchés de travaux","authors":"A. Sadok","doi":"10.36904/tsm/202209023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202209023","url":null,"abstract":"Dans le cadre de ses marchés de travaux publics d’infrastructures, la Société du Grand Paris (SGP) travaille sur l’amélioration de la prise en compte des enjeux de développement durable dans son analyse des offres reçues. À cette fin, elle compte introduire des critères de jugement des offres, reposant sur l’évaluation des performances environnementales au travers principalement de trois thématiques : la gestion circulaire des déblais, le transport et le bilan carbone. Le présent travail porte spécifiquement sur la première thématique, au regard des volumes de déblais générés pour la réalisation du projet du Grand Paris Express. Le critère de la circularité des déblais a été conçu par l’examen des exigences réglementaires sur les facteurs qui déterminent la meilleure offre en termes d’externalités négatives liées à la gestion des déblais. Il tient compte non seulement de la vision du candidat sur l’économie circulaire, mais aussi des mesures réelles que prend celui-ci en faveur de l’économie circulaire. Une attention particulière a été accordée à la cohérence de la méthode proposée avec les moyens existants de suivi en phase travaux. L’examen de l’impact de l’indice de circularité sur les coûts de gestion des déblais a démontré sa sensibilité aux différentes solutions de gestion que peut choisir l’entreprise au stade de l’offre. Pour les cinq scénarios étudiés, l’augmentation de l’indice de circularité s’est traduite par une baisse systématique des coûts de gestion, jusqu’à l’atteinte d’une réduction de 47 % par rapport au scénario de référence. A contrario, le taux de valorisation peut occulter les efforts des candidats à privilégier les solutions les plus vertueuses et économiquement avantageuses. En effet, on a pu observer dans cette étude des écarts de coûts de gestion de l’ordre de 10 % avec des scénarios présentant des taux de valorisation identiques.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74298460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-06
O. Bobrova, N. Mikhanovska, K. Kryvonos
Summary. Introduction The article is devoted to the achievements and prospects of the development of translational medicine at the international level, the state of development, problems and prospects in Ukraine, proposals for improving the system of innovations in health care in modern conditions of martial law. The purpose is to study the development of translational medicine and the prospects for implementing its principles in Ukraine. Materials and methods. To perform the task, an analytical review of publications in the electronic databases of medical and biological publications PubMed Medline of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted. The results. The result of a systematic literature review of the state of translational medicine in Ukraine, which was carried out, is the conviction that the need to create new services and programs that ensure close cooperation between state, commercial and non-commercial organizations of our country, greater accessibility and transparency of new data for all is ripe. Researchers working in the field of broadcasts of inventions. The creation and development of databases with various information on a large number of patients opens wide opportunities for improving the quality of preclinical and clinical trials, and at the same time requires increasing their availability for researchers around the world. It is necessary to increase the use of the potential of social media and/or messengers for the introduction of modern achievements of translational medicine into the clinical practice of our country, the medical community should receive educational programs, recommendations and support infrastructure in social networks. Conclusions. In order to form an effective scientific and educational environment, it is necessary to create a national Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine. It is necessary to create and implement in the educational pharmaceutical space of Ukraine an innovative educational program aimed at training specialists and research personnel of the new generation to work in various branches of the biopharmaceutical industry. It is expedient to create biological models of the use of drugs that allow testing of dose-response effects and to build pharmacokinetic models for specific environmental conditions, which will increase the predictive power of test results during its transition to the stage of clinical trials.
{"title":"Translational medicine: ways of development in modern conditions, problems and prospects","authors":"O. Bobrova, N. Mikhanovska, K. Kryvonos","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-06","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Introduction The article is devoted to the achievements and prospects of the development of translational medicine at the international level, the state of development, problems and prospects in Ukraine, proposals for improving the system of innovations in health care in modern conditions of martial law. The purpose is to study the development of translational medicine and the prospects for implementing its principles in Ukraine. Materials and methods. To perform the task, an analytical review of publications in the electronic databases of medical and biological publications PubMed Medline of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted. The results. The result of a systematic literature review of the state of translational medicine in Ukraine, which was carried out, is the conviction that the need to create new services and programs that ensure close cooperation between state, commercial and non-commercial organizations of our country, greater accessibility and transparency of new data for all is ripe. Researchers working in the field of broadcasts of inventions. The creation and development of databases with various information on a large number of patients opens wide opportunities for improving the quality of preclinical and clinical trials, and at the same time requires increasing their availability for researchers around the world. It is necessary to increase the use of the potential of social media and/or messengers for the introduction of modern achievements of translational medicine into the clinical practice of our country, the medical community should receive educational programs, recommendations and support infrastructure in social networks. Conclusions. In order to form an effective scientific and educational environment, it is necessary to create a national Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine. It is necessary to create and implement in the educational pharmaceutical space of Ukraine an innovative educational program aimed at training specialists and research personnel of the new generation to work in various branches of the biopharmaceutical industry. It is expedient to create biological models of the use of drugs that allow testing of dose-response effects and to build pharmacokinetic models for specific environmental conditions, which will increase the predictive power of test results during its transition to the stage of clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75756799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-03
O. Yelizarova, S. Hozak, Nataliya Diuba, T. Stankevych, A. Parats
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic including social isolation was a stress trigger for adaptation systems in different population groups. Therefore, the study of these processes is relevant. Since the lack of communication is one of the risk factors the non-communicable diseases, as well as mental health disorders, and this relationship is bidirectional, the purpose of our study was to study the impact of social communication of school-age children with different metabolic statuses on their mental health during adaptation to the effects of stress factors. Materials and methods. The anthropometric indicators and characteristics of communication of 114 school children (56 boys, 58 girls, average age 12.3±0.2 years) were studied. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. The weekly survey of the anxiety-depressive signs (TDS) was conducted using the RCADS-P-25 questionnaire during the 5 weeks after the lockdown lifted. ANOVA, crosstabulation tables, and a multiple linear regression model were used to determine the relationships between variables. The STATISTICA 8.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results. Among school-age children of the surveyed cohort, the proportion of overweight and obese children was 26.3±4.1 %. 34.6±4.7 % of students had communication difficulties with their peers. It was established that overweight and obese children had significantly higher TDS levels than the normal-weight group throughout the study (F=10.9; p<0.001). It was determined that TDS values were significantly higher in the group of children who had difficulties with "live" communication with peers (F=17.6; p<0.001). The highest values of TDS were determined in children who communicated in social networks for 4 hours or more or did not communicate at all, and the lowest indicators were found in children who communicated for 1-2 hours a day (F=9.6; p<0.001). There was no statistically significant influence of the frequency of communication in social networks on TDP values (p>0.6). Conclusions. Communication in social networks with peers lasting 1-2 hours was a favorable adaptation factor in this study, while "live" communication difficulties and overweight/obese were unfavorable, which requires additional study. It is necessary to develop both the communication skills of school-age children and the culture of communication in social networks.
{"title":"The influence of social communication and anthropometric parameters on the school-age children's mental health after the lifting of strict quarantine restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study","authors":"O. Yelizarova, S. Hozak, Nataliya Diuba, T. Stankevych, A. Parats","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic including social isolation was a stress trigger for adaptation systems in different population groups. Therefore, the study of these processes is relevant. Since the lack of communication is one of the risk factors the non-communicable diseases, as well as mental health disorders, and this relationship is bidirectional, the purpose of our study was to study the impact of social communication of school-age children with different metabolic statuses on their mental health during adaptation to the effects of stress factors. Materials and methods. The anthropometric indicators and characteristics of communication of 114 school children (56 boys, 58 girls, average age 12.3±0.2 years) were studied. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. The weekly survey of the anxiety-depressive signs (TDS) was conducted using the RCADS-P-25 questionnaire during the 5 weeks after the lockdown lifted. ANOVA, crosstabulation tables, and a multiple linear regression model were used to determine the relationships between variables. The STATISTICA 8.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Results. Among school-age children of the surveyed cohort, the proportion of overweight and obese children was 26.3±4.1 %. 34.6±4.7 % of students had communication difficulties with their peers. It was established that overweight and obese children had significantly higher TDS levels than the normal-weight group throughout the study (F=10.9; p<0.001). It was determined that TDS values were significantly higher in the group of children who had difficulties with \"live\" communication with peers (F=17.6; p<0.001). The highest values of TDS were determined in children who communicated in social networks for 4 hours or more or did not communicate at all, and the lowest indicators were found in children who communicated for 1-2 hours a day (F=9.6; p<0.001). There was no statistically significant influence of the frequency of communication in social networks on TDP values (p>0.6). Conclusions. Communication in social networks with peers lasting 1-2 hours was a favorable adaptation factor in this study, while \"live\" communication difficulties and overweight/obese were unfavorable, which requires additional study. It is necessary to develop both the communication skills of school-age children and the culture of communication in social networks.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84491557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-07
O. Bobrova, N. Mikhanovska, K. Kryvonos
Introduction. Monkey pox is an anthropozoonous disease caused by orthopoxvirus, characterized by fever, general intoxication and skin rash, in some cases it can lead to fatal consequences; an infectious disease covered by international health regulations (IHR). The causative agent of the disease is classified as a biological agent - agent of a biological weapon. Most of the monkeypox cases associated with the 2022 outbreak are in the Western Hemisphere. Purpose: study of data on etiological, pathogenetic, epidemiological aspects, modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of monkeypox, the state of the problem in Ukraine and the world. Materials and methods: to perform the task, a review of publications was conducted in electronic databases of medical publications PubMed Medline of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) website of the federal agency of the Ministry of Health USA. Results: The second generation ACAM2000 and third generation JYNNEOS™ monkeypox vaccines are currently available. Both vaccines are able to create immunity against monkeypox. Post-exposure vaccination can help prevent or reduce the severity of monkeypox. ACAM2000 is a single-dose vaccinia vaccine licensed by the FDA for the prevention of smallpox. Full immunity is achieved 4 weeks after vaccination. FDA expanded access to investigational protocol allows use of ACAM2000 for monkeypox immunization during an outbreak. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ACAM2000 is equivalent to that of the first generation Dryvax® smallpox vaccine. Smallpox vaccine virus is used as a live attenuated virus in the smallpox vaccine. Cases of encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome following smallpox vaccination show that the incidence varies not only from place to place, but also from year to year in the same place. For the purposes of containment of the outbreak, prevention to reduce the risk of transmission from person to person, immediate detection of new cases and surveillance measures are necessary. Health care workers who provide care to patients with suspected or confirmed monkeypox who work with their specimens should use standard precautions to control infection. Specimens taken from animals or humans suspected of having monkeypox should be handled in equipped laboratories by trained personnel. According to WHO recommendations, samples taken from patients should be appropriately labeled, prepared for transportation using triple packaging. To prevent the further spread of monkeypox through the animal trade, captive animals potentially infected with smallpox must be isolated from other animals and quarantined for 30 days. Conclusions: 1.The monkeypox virus, which used to be endemic to certain regions of Africa, is now a global concern, with cases increasingly being reported in regions of the Western Hemisphere. 2. In connection with the fact that transmission from
{"title":"Features of the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostics, approaches to the treatment and prevention of small pox, the current state of the problem in Ukraine and the world","authors":"O. Bobrova, N. Mikhanovska, K. Kryvonos","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-07","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Monkey pox is an anthropozoonous disease caused by orthopoxvirus, characterized by fever, general intoxication and skin rash, in some cases it can lead to fatal consequences; an infectious disease covered by international health regulations (IHR). The causative agent of the disease is classified as a biological agent - agent of a biological weapon. Most of the monkeypox cases associated with the 2022 outbreak are in the Western Hemisphere. Purpose: study of data on etiological, pathogenetic, epidemiological aspects, modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of monkeypox, the state of the problem in Ukraine and the world. Materials and methods: to perform the task, a review of publications was conducted in electronic databases of medical publications PubMed Medline of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) website of the federal agency of the Ministry of Health USA. Results: The second generation ACAM2000 and third generation JYNNEOS™ monkeypox vaccines are currently available. Both vaccines are able to create immunity against monkeypox. Post-exposure vaccination can help prevent or reduce the severity of monkeypox. ACAM2000 is a single-dose vaccinia vaccine licensed by the FDA for the prevention of smallpox. Full immunity is achieved 4 weeks after vaccination. FDA expanded access to investigational protocol allows use of ACAM2000 for monkeypox immunization during an outbreak. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ACAM2000 is equivalent to that of the first generation Dryvax® smallpox vaccine. Smallpox vaccine virus is used as a live attenuated virus in the smallpox vaccine. Cases of encephalitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome following smallpox vaccination show that the incidence varies not only from place to place, but also from year to year in the same place. For the purposes of containment of the outbreak, prevention to reduce the risk of transmission from person to person, immediate detection of new cases and surveillance measures are necessary. Health care workers who provide care to patients with suspected or confirmed monkeypox who work with their specimens should use standard precautions to control infection. Specimens taken from animals or humans suspected of having monkeypox should be handled in equipped laboratories by trained personnel. According to WHO recommendations, samples taken from patients should be appropriately labeled, prepared for transportation using triple packaging. To prevent the further spread of monkeypox through the animal trade, captive animals potentially infected with smallpox must be isolated from other animals and quarantined for 30 days. Conclusions: 1.The monkeypox virus, which used to be endemic to certain regions of Africa, is now a global concern, with cases increasingly being reported in regions of the Western Hemisphere. 2. In connection with the fact that transmission from ","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90753048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-04
Olena Kanishcheva
Introduction. Blood pressure variability is a significant prognostic factor and an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with arterial hypertension. Objective. The objective of our study was to perform a comparative analysis of blood pressure variability indices in patients with hypertension and healthy volunteers. Materials and methods. 172 patients with arterial hypertension and 22 healthy volunteers took part in the study. All study participants underwent daily BP monitoring, based on the results of which short-term blood pressure variability was assessed. The results. In this open, non-randomized, single-point study, we first performed a comparative analysis of short-term BP variability in patients with hypertension and healthy volunteers. Currently, there is no generally accepted consensus regarding which of the proposed indices of BP variability is more informative. Therefore, in order to objectify the obtained data, we calculated several of the most widely used indices of short-term BP variability. In the main group all indices, SBP as well as DBP, were higher compared to the control group. However, the statistical significance of this difference was confirmed only for some, not for all indices. Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of SD, SDw, CV, SV and ARV indices, a higher variability of blood pressure was established in patients with arterial hypertension compared to that in healthy volunteers. On the other hand, convincing data on the diagnostic informativeness of the CV index in the assessment of blood pressure variability were not obtained in this study.
{"title":"Some features of short-term blood pressure variability in patients with arterial hypertension in comparison with healthy volunteers","authors":"Olena Kanishcheva","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Blood pressure variability is a significant prognostic factor and an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with arterial hypertension. Objective. The objective of our study was to perform a comparative analysis of blood pressure variability indices in patients with hypertension and healthy volunteers. Materials and methods. 172 patients with arterial hypertension and 22 healthy volunteers took part in the study. All study participants underwent daily BP monitoring, based on the results of which short-term blood pressure variability was assessed. The results. In this open, non-randomized, single-point study, we first performed a comparative analysis of short-term BP variability in patients with hypertension and healthy volunteers. Currently, there is no generally accepted consensus regarding which of the proposed indices of BP variability is more informative. Therefore, in order to objectify the obtained data, we calculated several of the most widely used indices of short-term BP variability. In the main group all indices, SBP as well as DBP, were higher compared to the control group. However, the statistical significance of this difference was confirmed only for some, not for all indices. Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of SD, SDw, CV, SV and ARV indices, a higher variability of blood pressure was established in patients with arterial hypertension compared to that in healthy volunteers. On the other hand, convincing data on the diagnostic informativeness of the CV index in the assessment of blood pressure variability were not obtained in this study.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73092276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-02
A. Demchenko, Djamilia Aravitska
Summary. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical and neurophisiological effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in patients with stage II Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and methods. The prospective randomised placebo-controlled study included 90 patients aged 49 to 75 years with stage II PD according to Hoehn-Yahr. All patients were randomized to two groups of 45 in each for a TMS course: group 1 included patients assigned to a real TMS course, while group 2 included placebo TMS sessions. All patients on the background of basic PD therapy were additionally prescribed a course of therapeutic TMS sessions according to the protocol in zones C3, C4 and Cz of the brain (projection of the premotor cortex according to the international system 10-20%) with a pulse frequency in the series of 5 Hz and a total number of pulses of 2000 per session. During the study, patients were examined twice: at the beginning and at the end of TMS sessions. Examination of patients was performed according to the following scheme: clinical and neurological examination using SPES SCOPA Motor scale and neurophysiological examination to determine the latency, amplitude, area and duration of motor evoked potential (MEP) after 2 tests with a gradual increase of magnetic field induction. Results. TMS treatment resulted in a significant reduction in MEP latency (p<0,001) in patients from with real TMS group, while it was found no reduction in MEP latency (p> 0,05) in placebo-TMS patients. The amplitude of the MEP of the left and right premotor cortex did not change significantly either in the group with real TMS (p>0,05) or in the group of placebo-TMS (p>0,05). The duration of MEP increased significantly (p <0,001) after the course of TMS, and in the placebo-TMS group no significant changes were found (p> 0,05). Conclusions. Treatment with TMS leads to a clinical reduction in the manifestations of motor symptoms of PD using the SPES SCOPA Motor scale score, namely to a decrease in the amplitude of rest and postural tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and gait disorders. Also TMS leads to a significant decrease in the latent period of MEP and increase the duration of MEP.
{"title":"Clinical and neurophysiologival efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in patients with stage II Parkinson's disease","authors":"A. Demchenko, Djamilia Aravitska","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-02","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical and neurophisiological effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in patients with stage II Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and methods. The prospective randomised placebo-controlled study included 90 patients aged 49 to 75 years with stage II PD according to Hoehn-Yahr. All patients were randomized to two groups of 45 in each for a TMS course: group 1 included patients assigned to a real TMS course, while group 2 included placebo TMS sessions. All patients on the background of basic PD therapy were additionally prescribed a course of therapeutic TMS sessions according to the protocol in zones C3, C4 and Cz of the brain (projection of the premotor cortex according to the international system 10-20%) with a pulse frequency in the series of 5 Hz and a total number of pulses of 2000 per session. During the study, patients were examined twice: at the beginning and at the end of TMS sessions. Examination of patients was performed according to the following scheme: clinical and neurological examination using SPES SCOPA Motor scale and neurophysiological examination to determine the latency, amplitude, area and duration of motor evoked potential (MEP) after 2 tests with a gradual increase of magnetic field induction. Results. TMS treatment resulted in a significant reduction in MEP latency (p<0,001) in patients from with real TMS group, while it was found no reduction in MEP latency (p> 0,05) in placebo-TMS patients. The amplitude of the MEP of the left and right premotor cortex did not change significantly either in the group with real TMS (p>0,05) or in the group of placebo-TMS (p>0,05). The duration of MEP increased significantly (p <0,001) after the course of TMS, and in the placebo-TMS group no significant changes were found (p> 0,05). Conclusions. Treatment with TMS leads to a clinical reduction in the manifestations of motor symptoms of PD using the SPES SCOPA Motor scale score, namely to a decrease in the amplitude of rest and postural tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and gait disorders. Also TMS leads to a significant decrease in the latent period of MEP and increase the duration of MEP.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87026237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-01
S. Bichkov, O. Tsivenko, N. Cherkova, L. Dushyk
The article substantiates that the competence approach and the resulting paradigm in higher medical education can be ensured through the implementation of effective pedagogical technologies that will direct the efforts of future specialists to self-development and self-improvement in professional activity, based on the acquired theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The content of simulation technologies and the experience of their application in the world and domestic educational space are considered. An analysis of the use of the "standardized patient" method was carried out on the example of training conducted with students of the 6th year at the Department of Surgical Diseases of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The ethics, effectiveness, and value of involving the simulation practice "standardized patient" both during practicing the practical skills of future doctors and during the certification assessment were analyzed. The expediency of introducing simulation technologies into educational programs in the medical direction is substantiated, in particular when training specialists in order to increase the level of professionalism of future specialists in the field of health care. Conclusions were made about the perspective and expediency of further research in the direction of the introduction of simulation technologies as one of the aspects of active learning and control. The basis for this is the appropriate level of theoretical knowledge, which allows expanding the range of practical interaction of future specialists and raising the level of professionalism in the branch of health care. Conclusions were made about the perspective and expediency of further research in the direction of the introduction of simulation technologies as one of the aspects of active learning and control. The basis for this is the appropriate level of theoretical knowledge, which allows expanding the range of practical interaction of future specialists and raising the level of professionalism in the branch of health care.
{"title":"Analysis of the progress of simulation training in the molding readiness of future doctors to practical activity","authors":"S. Bichkov, O. Tsivenko, N. Cherkova, L. Dushyk","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates that the competence approach and the resulting paradigm in higher medical education can be ensured through the implementation of effective pedagogical technologies that will direct the efforts of future specialists to self-development and self-improvement in professional activity, based on the acquired theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The content of simulation technologies and the experience of their application in the world and domestic educational space are considered. An analysis of the use of the \"standardized patient\" method was carried out on the example of training conducted with students of the 6th year at the Department of Surgical Diseases of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The ethics, effectiveness, and value of involving the simulation practice \"standardized patient\" both during practicing the practical skills of future doctors and during the certification assessment were analyzed. The expediency of introducing simulation technologies into educational programs in the medical direction is substantiated, in particular when training specialists in order to increase the level of professionalism of future specialists in the field of health care. Conclusions were made about the perspective and expediency of further research in the direction of the introduction of simulation technologies as one of the aspects of active learning and control. The basis for this is the appropriate level of theoretical knowledge, which allows expanding the range of practical interaction of future specialists and raising the level of professionalism in the branch of health care. Conclusions were made about the perspective and expediency of further research in the direction of the introduction of simulation technologies as one of the aspects of active learning and control. The basis for this is the appropriate level of theoretical knowledge, which allows expanding the range of practical interaction of future specialists and raising the level of professionalism in the branch of health care.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91348702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-08
O. Vasylenko, T. Tykhonova
Introduction. Among medical and social problems, obesity (Ob) occupies one of the leading places. This is related to the established pathogenetic connection of Ob with type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, acute vascular events, dementia, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea and some forms of cancer. Ob is also associated with social problems and reduced work capacity. Despite numerous studies on the study of Ob, a number of unresolved issues and controversial points of view remain. The aim – is to analyze the currently existing data on the heterogeneity of Ob and the main pathogenetic factors of its development based on the study of literary sources, mainly for a period of 10 years. Materials and methods – an electronic search was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases using the keywords "obesity", "obesity heterogeneity", "obesity etiopathogenesis" with subsequent analysis of literature sources published mainly in the last 10 years. The results. To date, there is no single universally accepted classification of Ob, and those currently used in clinical practice and during scientific research are based on one or another criterion. Such criteria include etiopathogenetic factors, type of adipose tissue deposition, degree of weight gain, etc. The use of bioimpedancemetry became the basis for the assertion about the heterogeneity of Ob with the selection of its separate forms, namely: metabolically healthy Ob; metabolic Ob with normal body weight, sarcopenic and metabolically unhealthy Ob. Despite the lack of clear diagnostic criteria for each of these forms, their differences in clinical course, pathogenetic factors of development and degree of cardiovascular risk have been established. Considering the indicated heterogeneity, the selection of the leading etiological factor of Ob remains a rather controversial and difficult issue. The exceptions, obviously, should include cases of the secondary form of this pathology, when Ob is one of the symptoms and is pathogenetically related to the underlying disease. In general, it is believed that, being hereditary, Ob is the result of the interaction between genetic, hormonal-metabolic, behavioral and environmental factors. Conclusions. Ob is a chronic multifactorial and heterogeneous disease, the individual clinical forms of which differ in the course and level of metabolic disorders. Etiopathogenetic factors of the development and progression of Ob are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition, factors of the external and internal environment, eating behavior and hormonal and metabolic shifts. According to the data obtained today regarding the heterogeneity of Ob and the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development, a new generally accepted characteristic and classification of this pathology should be accepted.
介绍。在医疗和社会问题中，肥胖(Ob)占据了主要位置之一。这与Ob与2型糖尿病、动脉高血压、急性血管事件、痴呆、骨关节炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和某些形式的癌症之间建立的病理联系有关。Ob还与社会问题和工作能力下降有关。尽管对Ob的研究进行了大量的研究，但仍存在一些未解决的问题和有争议的观点。目的是在文献资料研究的基础上，分析目前已有的关于Ob异质性的资料及其发展的主要致病因素，主要时间跨度为10年。材料和方法:在MEDLINE/PubMed、谷歌Scholar和Web of Science数据库中使用关键词“肥胖”、“肥胖异质性”、“肥胖病因”进行电子检索，并对主要发表于近10年的文献来源进行分析。结果。迄今为止，Ob还没有一个被普遍接受的分类，目前在临床实践和科学研究中使用的分类都是基于这样或那样的标准。这些标准包括发病因素、脂肪组织沉积类型、体重增加程度等。生物阻抗测定法的使用成为断言Ob的异质性和选择其单独形式的基础，即:代谢健康的Ob;体重正常的代谢性Ob、肌肉减少型Ob和代谢不健康型Ob。尽管每种类型都缺乏明确的诊断标准，但它们在临床病程、发病因素和心血管危险程度上的差异已经确定。考虑到所显示的异质性，Ob的主要病因选择仍然是一个相当有争议和困难的问题。显然，例外情况应该包括这种病理的继发性形式，当Ob是症状之一并且在病理上与基础疾病相关时。一般认为，Ob具有遗传性，是遗传、激素代谢、行为和环境因素共同作用的结果。结论。Ob是一种慢性多因素和异质性疾病，其个体临床形式在代谢紊乱的过程和水平上有所不同。Ob发生发展的发病因素是多因素的，包括遗传易感性、内外环境因素、饮食行为、激素和代谢变化等。根据目前获得的关于Ob的异质性及其发展的发病机制的数据，应该接受一种新的普遍接受的病理特征和分类。
{"title":"Heterogeneity of obesity and the main pathogenetic factors of its development (a review of resources)","authors":"O. Vasylenko, T. Tykhonova","doi":"10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409x-2022-9-08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Among medical and social problems, obesity (Ob) occupies one of the leading places. This is related to the established pathogenetic connection of Ob with type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, acute vascular events, dementia, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea and some forms of cancer. Ob is also associated with social problems and reduced work capacity. Despite numerous studies on the study of Ob, a number of unresolved issues and controversial points of view remain. The aim – is to analyze the currently existing data on the heterogeneity of Ob and the main pathogenetic factors of its development based on the study of literary sources, mainly for a period of 10 years. Materials and methods – an electronic search was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases using the keywords \"obesity\", \"obesity heterogeneity\", \"obesity etiopathogenesis\" with subsequent analysis of literature sources published mainly in the last 10 years. The results. To date, there is no single universally accepted classification of Ob, and those currently used in clinical practice and during scientific research are based on one or another criterion. Such criteria include etiopathogenetic factors, type of adipose tissue deposition, degree of weight gain, etc. The use of bioimpedancemetry became the basis for the assertion about the heterogeneity of Ob with the selection of its separate forms, namely: metabolically healthy Ob; metabolic Ob with normal body weight, sarcopenic and metabolically unhealthy Ob. Despite the lack of clear diagnostic criteria for each of these forms, their differences in clinical course, pathogenetic factors of development and degree of cardiovascular risk have been established. Considering the indicated heterogeneity, the selection of the leading etiological factor of Ob remains a rather controversial and difficult issue. The exceptions, obviously, should include cases of the secondary form of this pathology, when Ob is one of the symptoms and is pathogenetically related to the underlying disease. In general, it is believed that, being hereditary, Ob is the result of the interaction between genetic, hormonal-metabolic, behavioral and environmental factors. Conclusions. Ob is a chronic multifactorial and heterogeneous disease, the individual clinical forms of which differ in the course and level of metabolic disorders. Etiopathogenetic factors of the development and progression of Ob are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition, factors of the external and internal environment, eating behavior and hormonal and metabolic shifts. According to the data obtained today regarding the heterogeneity of Ob and the pathogenetic mechanisms of its development, a new generally accepted characteristic and classification of this pathology should be accepted.","PeriodicalId":23709,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76786464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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