Sandra Debevere, K. Demeyere, N. Reisinger, J. Faas, G. Haesaert, V. Fievez, S. Croubels, E. Meyer
In a temperate climate, the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), enniatin B (ENN B), mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine C (ROC) and zearalenone (ZEN) are often found in maize silage. Although rumen microbiota are able to degrade some mycotoxins (e.g. DON), others are known to stay mainly intact (e.g. ROC). In addition, mycotoxin degradation can be hampered by a low ruminal pH or decrease in rumen microbial activity. Hence, these mycotoxins can reach the small intestine and exert a cytotoxic effect on intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, a real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity of these six mycotoxins and some of their metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol, α- and β-ZOL) was performed in a calf small intestinal epithelial cell line (CIEB). Confluency as well as the cell death parameters apoptosis and necrosis were determined to evaluate the mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. A combination of Annexin-V green and Cytotox red staining was used to determine early and late apoptosis as well as necrosis. Six different concentrations were tested ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 μM. Compared to cells not exposed to mycotoxins, DON and NIV exert a fast toxic effect with DON being more toxic than NIV within the first hours of incubation, whereas the inverse was observed at 16 h of incubation. On the other hand, MPA and ZEN induced increased Annexin V green positive cells within several hours of incubation with higher toxicity over time. Increased Annexin V green and Cytotox red positive cells were seen for ROC only at the highest concentration tested. For ENN B, increased Annexin V green positive cells were observed only after 12 h and α- and β-ZOL did not show cytotoxic effects. Hence, mycotoxin exposure causes either severe (DON and NIV) or more limited (ZEN, ROC, MPA, and ENN B) risk of bovine intestinal epithelial damage.
{"title":"Exploratory real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity induced by maize silage mycotoxins in a calf intestinal epithelial cell line","authors":"Sandra Debevere, K. Demeyere, N. Reisinger, J. Faas, G. Haesaert, V. Fievez, S. Croubels, E. Meyer","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2651","url":null,"abstract":"In a temperate climate, the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), enniatin B (ENN B), mycophenolic acid (MPA), roquefortine C (ROC) and zearalenone (ZEN) are often found in maize silage. Although rumen microbiota are able to degrade some mycotoxins (e.g. DON), others are known to stay mainly intact (e.g. ROC). In addition, mycotoxin degradation can be hampered by a low ruminal pH or decrease in rumen microbial activity. Hence, these mycotoxins can reach the small intestine and exert a cytotoxic effect on intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, a real-time kinetic analysis of the cytotoxicity of these six mycotoxins and some of their metabolites (α- and β-zearalenol, α- and β-ZOL) was performed in a calf small intestinal epithelial cell line (CIEB). Confluency as well as the cell death parameters apoptosis and necrosis were determined to evaluate the mycotoxin-induced cytotoxicity. A combination of Annexin-V green and Cytotox red staining was used to determine early and late apoptosis as well as necrosis. Six different concentrations were tested ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 μM. Compared to cells not exposed to mycotoxins, DON and NIV exert a fast toxic effect with DON being more toxic than NIV within the first hours of incubation, whereas the inverse was observed at 16 h of incubation. On the other hand, MPA and ZEN induced increased Annexin V green positive cells within several hours of incubation with higher toxicity over time. Increased Annexin V green and Cytotox red positive cells were seen for ROC only at the highest concentration tested. For ENN B, increased Annexin V green positive cells were observed only after 12 h and α- and β-ZOL did not show cytotoxic effects. Hence, mycotoxin exposure causes either severe (DON and NIV) or more limited (ZEN, ROC, MPA, and ENN B) risk of bovine intestinal epithelial damage.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mesfin, K. Tesfamariam, T. Belachew, S. D. Saeger, C. Lachat, M. Boevre
Multi-mycotoxin exposure data are missing to guide risk assessment and legislation in Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed to determine mycotoxin contamination levels in maize samples from 176 rand...
{"title":"Multi-mycotoxin profiling in maize reveals prevalence of Fusarium mycotoxins in South and West Ethiopia","authors":"A. Mesfin, K. Tesfamariam, T. Belachew, S. D. Saeger, C. Lachat, M. Boevre","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2645","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-mycotoxin exposure data are missing to guide risk assessment and legislation in Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed to determine mycotoxin contamination levels in maize samples from 176 rand...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47483126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.E.E. Pinheiro, A. Rodrigues, E. Batista, A. Monte, M. N. Ribeiro, R. Calvet, C. Pereyra, A. Torres, M. Araripe, M. Muratori
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the performance and health of tambaqui fingerlin...
{"title":"Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae addition to feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on the health and performance indices of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings","authors":"R.E.E. Pinheiro, A. Rodrigues, E. Batista, A. Monte, M. N. Ribeiro, R. Calvet, C. Pereyra, A. Torres, M. Araripe, M. Muratori","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2625","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the performance and health of tambaqui fingerlin...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47209374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grain contamination by mycotoxins can cause significantly negative health and economic impact in areas where poor agricultural practices and food insecurity is prevalent. This study was conducted t...
{"title":"Current postharvest practices and aflatoxin contamination awareness amongst maize producers in Jimma Zone, Southwest of Ethiopia","authors":"T. Y. Bereka, C. G. Kuyu, K. D. Tolera, E. Addis","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2642","url":null,"abstract":"Grain contamination by mycotoxins can cause significantly negative health and economic impact in areas where poor agricultural practices and food insecurity is prevalent. This study was conducted t...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44709899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Poloni, A. Magnoli, Analía Fochesato, L. Poloni, A. Cristofolini, C. Merkis, C. S. Riquelme, F. S. Maldonado, M. Montenegro, L. Cavaglieri
The present study was conducted to investigate the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) liver toxicity and gut histomorphometry after gut borne-Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation to AFB1-contaminated piglet d...
{"title":"Probiotic gut-borne Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces liver toxicity caused by aflatoxins in weanling piglets","authors":"V. Poloni, A. Magnoli, Analía Fochesato, L. Poloni, A. Cristofolini, C. Merkis, C. S. Riquelme, F. S. Maldonado, M. Montenegro, L. Cavaglieri","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2629","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to investigate the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) liver toxicity and gut histomorphometry after gut borne-Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation to AFB1-contaminated piglet d...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48810067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Stoev, K. Dimitrov, I. Zarkov, T. Mircheva, D. Zapryanova, I. Valchev, S. Denev, S. Chobanova, Miroslav Stefanov, R. Arora
A protective effect of two herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, given as feed additives was observed against the growth inhibitory effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated immunos...
{"title":"Some Indian herbs have protective effects against deleterious effects of ochratoxin A in broiler chicks","authors":"S. Stoev, K. Dimitrov, I. Zarkov, T. Mircheva, D. Zapryanova, I. Valchev, S. Denev, S. Chobanova, Miroslav Stefanov, R. Arora","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2657","url":null,"abstract":"A protective effect of two herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, given as feed additives was observed against the growth inhibitory effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated immunos...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45026449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. C. Michelin, C. M. Bedoya-Serna, L. C. S. Carrion, S. H. Godoy, J. C. Baldin, C. G. Lima, G. Yasui, G. Rottinghaus, R. Sousa, A. M. Fernandes
The objective of this work was to evaluate the aflatoxins residues on tissues of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish chronically exposed to dietary aflatoxins, also evaluating the effects on fish p...
{"title":"Long-term exposure of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish to dietary aflatoxin B1: residues in tissues and performance","authors":"E. C. Michelin, C. M. Bedoya-Serna, L. C. S. Carrion, S. H. Godoy, J. C. Baldin, C. G. Lima, G. Yasui, G. Rottinghaus, R. Sousa, A. M. Fernandes","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2659","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the aflatoxins residues on tissues of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish chronically exposed to dietary aflatoxins, also evaluating the effects on fish p...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43078326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycotoxins are natural food contaminants, associated with adverse health effects due to acute intoxication and, what is much more common, chronic exposure. The most hazardous and widespread mycotox...
{"title":"Mycotoxins in herbal tea: transfer into the infusion","authors":"Z. Chalyy, M. Kiseleva, I. Sedova, V. Tutelyan","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2606","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are natural food contaminants, associated with adverse health effects due to acute intoxication and, what is much more common, chronic exposure. The most hazardous and widespread mycotox...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43576916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Hu, Y. N. Sun, S. Y. Hu, Y. Xing, L. L. Chen, J. Cao, G. P. Zhang
In this study, we report a new method to prepare highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against α-zearalanol (ZAL) based on a similar antigen determinant structure. Zearalanone (ZAN), structural anal...
{"title":"Preparation of highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against α-zearalanol based on the similar antigen determinant structure to zearalanone","authors":"X. Hu, Y. N. Sun, S. Y. Hu, Y. Xing, L. L. Chen, J. Cao, G. P. Zhang","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2613","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report a new method to prepare highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against α-zearalanol (ZAL) based on a similar antigen determinant structure. Zearalanone (ZAN), structural anal...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ranjith, C. M. Srilatha, P. Lekshmi, N. Rameshbabu
Mycotoxins are important food contaminants posing a significant threat to food and feed safety and public health. Among the mycotoxins, aflatoxins are deemed to be a more significant contaminant du...
{"title":"Antiaflatoxigenic potential of essential oils of spices – a review","authors":"A. Ranjith, C. M. Srilatha, P. Lekshmi, N. Rameshbabu","doi":"10.3920/WMJ2020.2636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/WMJ2020.2636","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are important food contaminants posing a significant threat to food and feed safety and public health. Among the mycotoxins, aflatoxins are deemed to be a more significant contaminant du...","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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