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NARCISSISTIC ATTITUDES AMONG MANAGERS BUILDING A PERSONAL BRAND 建立个人品牌的管理者的自恋态度
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.38
Alicja WINNICKA-WEJS
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引用次数: 0
Strategic balancing of exploitation and exploration in a shared service center: a research study on process-project organization relationship 共享服务中心开发与探索的战略平衡:过程-项目组织关系研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.8
Emilia DOBROWOLSKA, Piotr SLIŻ
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge representation of managerial competences in virtual teams aimed at artificial management 面向人工管理的虚拟团队管理能力的知识表示
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.177.10
Olaf FLAK, Barbara KOŻUSZNIK
The
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引用次数: 0
Gender of the consumer and the role of organizations in purchasing decisions 消费者的性别和组织在购买决策中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.5
Izabela Bednarska-Wnuk, Tomasz Noga
Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the role of the organization and its impact on the process of making consumer purchasing decisions on the example of Poland and to explain how gender differentiates behavior. Design/methodology/approach: In order to achieve the goal set in this article, first a literature review was used, then the diagnostic survey method was used. As a research tool, a questionnaire was used, which concerned the purchasing process and consumer behavior towards marketing activities undertaken by the organization. 199 consumers took part in the study. Findings: The conducted research shows that Polish consumers are aware that companies influence them during the shopping process. Organizations use a variety of marketing activities to influence the consumer in the purchase decision process, both in-store and online. The answers obtained varied depending on gender (these differences are not statistically significant). The results indicate that despite the awareness of consumers related to the influence of the organization on them in the purchasing process, they are often affected by this influence. Practical implications: Modern marketing departments should pay attention to the gender of the consumer, as it is one of the determinants in the purchase process. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt appropriate marketing communication tools that will highlight the needs of a specific target group. On the other hand, awareness of the factors affecting the customer's purchasing process will allow the organization to achieve greater sales effectiveness. Originality/value: This article extends the current research by explaining the differences between genders and the marketing activities undertaken by the organization in the process of making purchasing decisions by the consumer. Keywords: consumer gender, consumer behavior, purchasing decisions, marketing activities, Poland. Category of the paper: Research paper.
目的:文章的目的是介绍该组织的作用及其对波兰的例子,使消费者购买决策的过程中的影响,并解释性别如何区分行为。设计/方法学/方法:为了达到本文设定的目标,首先采用文献综述法,然后采用诊断调查法。作为一种研究工具,使用了问卷调查,它涉及到购买过程和消费者对组织所进行的营销活动的行为。199名消费者参与了这项研究。调查结果:所进行的研究表明,波兰消费者意识到公司在购物过程中对他们的影响。组织使用各种各样的营销活动来影响消费者的购买决策过程,无论是在店内还是在网上。得到的答案因性别而异(这些差异在统计上并不显著)。结果表明,尽管消费者在购买过程中意识到组织对他们的影响,但他们经常受到这种影响。实践启示:现代营销部门应重视消费者的性别,因为它是购买过程中的决定因素之一。因此,有必要采用适当的营销传播工具,以突出特定目标群体的需求。另一方面,意识到影响顾客购买过程的因素将使组织实现更大的销售效果。原创性/价值:本文通过解释性别差异和消费者在做出购买决策过程中组织所进行的营销活动,扩展了现有的研究。关键词:消费者性别,消费者行为,购买决策,营销活动,波兰。论文类别:研究论文。
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引用次数: 0
Back to black? Macroeconomic analysis of hard coal sector in European Union 1990-2030 回到黑色?1990-2030年欧盟硬煤部门宏观经济分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.1
Paweł Antonowicz, Liwia Delińska, Jędrzej Siciński, Piotr Sliż
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the results of a PEST analysis of the legal, economic, social and technological determinants of hard coal market development in the European Union from 1990 to 2030. Design/methodology/approach: The research process was carried out with the use of four methods: analysis and synthesis (1) critical review of the literature (2), statistical techniques (3) and an industry case study (4). Findings: Detail regulatory (legal), economic, social (socio-cultural) and technology variables affecting the hard coal market have been identified. All the factors examined exhibited a destimulating effect on the development of the market, from the perspective of the entities operating on the hard coal extraction and utilization market in the European Union. The most pronounced negative effect stems from the social factors. The impact of the legal and economic determinants is of similar magnitude, whereas technological changes show the lowest potency in this regard. Research limitations/implications: Dynamic geopolitical changes and high susceptibility to interventionism can significantly affect the deviations of point forecasts in the pest coal industry in the long run. Practical implications: PEST analysis is used to assess the development of economic sectors regardless of the industry life cycle phase. It can also help determine a given industry's life cycle phase and its future migration trends in practice. Originality/value: The originality of this article lies in the employment of the quantification of macroenvironmental areas significantly affecting the industry, using an authorially modified PEST-based analysis. Keywords: coal market; hard coal trade; economy of fossil fuels; PEST analysis. Category of the paper: Research paper.
目的:本文的目的是介绍对1990年至2030年欧盟硬煤市场发展的法律、经济、社会和技术决定因素进行PEST分析的结果。设计/方法/方法:研究过程使用四种方法进行:分析和综合(1)对文献的批判性回顾(2),统计技术(3)和行业案例研究(4)。研究结果:已经确定了影响硬煤市场的详细监管(法律),经济,社会(社会文化)和技术变量。从经营欧洲联盟硬煤开采和利用市场的实体的角度来看,所审查的所有因素都显示出对市场发展的抑制作用。最明显的负面影响来自社会因素。法律和经济决定因素的影响程度相似,而技术变革在这方面的效力最低。研究局限/启示:地缘政治的动态变化和干预主义的高度敏感性会显著影响有害煤炭行业的长期点预测偏差。实际意义:PEST分析用于评估经济部门的发展,而不考虑行业生命周期阶段。它还可以帮助确定给定行业的生命周期阶段及其在实践中的未来迁移趋势。原创性/价值:本文的原创性在于使用权威修改的基于pest的分析,对显著影响行业的宏观环境领域进行量化。关键词:煤炭市场;硬煤贸易;节约化石燃料;害虫分析。论文类别:研究论文。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the inflation crisis on the financial condition and expenditure structure of Poles Covid-19大流行和通货膨胀危机对波兰人财政状况和支出结构的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.14
Grzegorz Gliszczyński, Agnieszka Surowiec
Purpose: The purpose of the article was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the inflationary crisis that followed on the financial condition and consumer and investment expenditures of Poles. This purpose was supplemented by detailed research hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using the diagnostic survey method on a group of 1,000 randomly selected Polish residents. The research tool was an original survey questionnaire containing 50 substantive (problem) questions and 9 metric questions. Selected statistical tests were used in the analysis of the survey results. Findings: The research results indicated that the pandemic and inflationary crises contributed to the deterioration of Poles' financial condition. A significant decline in real income was declared by about 23% of respondents in both crisis phases. About one-fifth of active respondents were affected by job loss, mainly temporarily. A quarter of respondents indicated a significant increase in the share of consumer expenditure in current income and the need to give up a number of goods and services beyond basic consumption. A persistently limited Poles' propensity to invest was found, as well as little dynamic change in outlays and investment forms. Research limitations/implications: Limitations are the estimated nature of the information obtained in surveys. The reliability of some data can be improved by repeating the survey on the same sample at a time interval. Practical implications: The crises have changed Poles' attitudes toward accumulating savings and spending money. Awareness of this fact should prompt potential business entities and financial institutions to remodel their offerings in accordance with market conditions. Government bodies can use the research results to manage the crisis more effectively on a national scale. Social implications: The research revealed the Poles' limited knowledge of managing their own finances and could be a rationale for measures to disseminate such knowledge to society. Originality/value: The value of the research is the original author's diagnostic approach based on a representative research sample, addressing current social and economic problems of Poles, not fully recognized and disseminated in publications. Keywords: pandemic and inflation crisis, Poles' financial condition, consumer and investment expenditures. Category of the paper: Research paper.
目的:本文的目的是评估COVID-19大流行和随之而来的通货膨胀危机对波兰人的金融状况以及消费者和投资支出的影响。这一目的得到了详细的研究假设的补充。设计/方法/方法:本研究采用诊断调查方法对随机选择的1000名波兰居民进行调查。研究工具是一份原始调查问卷,包含50个实质性(问题)问题和9个度量问题。选定的统计检验用于分析调查结果。调查结果:研究结果表明,流行病和通货膨胀危机导致波兰人的财政状况恶化。在两个危机阶段,约23%的受访者表示实际收入显著下降。大约五分之一的积极受访者受到失业的影响,主要是暂时的。四分之一的受访者表示,消费支出在当前收入中所占的比例大幅增加,需要放弃基本消费以外的一些商品和服务。研究发现,波兰人的投资倾向一直有限,支出和投资形式也没有什么动态变化。研究限制/影响:限制是调查中获得的信息的估计性质。通过在一段时间间隔内对同一样本进行重复调查,可以提高某些数据的可靠性。实际影响:危机改变了波兰人对积累储蓄和消费的态度。认识到这一事实应促使潜在的商业实体和金融机构根据市场情况调整其产品。政府机构可以利用研究结果在全国范围内更有效地管理危机。社会影响:该研究揭示了波兰人管理自己财务的知识有限,可以作为向社会传播这些知识的措施的基本原理。原创性/价值:研究的价值是原作者基于代表性研究样本的诊断方法,解决了波兰当前的社会和经济问题,这些问题在出版物中没有得到充分的认可和传播。关键词:流行病和通货膨胀危机,波兰人的财政状况,消费者和投资支出。论文类别:研究论文。
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引用次数: 0
An econometric model of household electricity consumption. A case study of Poland 家庭用电量的计量经济模型。以波兰为例
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.39
Jerzy Witold Wiśniewski
Purpose: Electrical energy is in this day and age fundamental to the functioning of every household. The use of gas, heating oil or solid fuels for home heating also involves the supply of electricity. Today, electric power is the most environmentally friendly source of energy. Experience has shown that substitution of an oil heating system with a heat pump resulted in significant financial savings for the household. Design/methodology/approach: The purpose of this paper shall entail the construction of a multi-equation econometric model describing the mechanisms of electricity consumption in a specified household. The model takes the nature of a system of interdependent equations. Described shall be the monthly volume of electricity consumption, payment amount of for this energy (in PLN), and price per 1 MWh in a given month. Monthly time series from September 2015 to November 2022 have been used, which resulted in a time series with a count of 87 statistical observations. Findings: The econometric model of household electricity consumption presented in this paper confirms both the hypothesis about feedback between the variables USAGE and PRICE as well as the recursive effect of electricity consumption volume on its value in monetary units. In addition to the cognitive value of the econometric modeling results obtained, the empirical tool constructed makes enables forecast estimation of the energy consumption volume, its value and unit price in subsequent months, for at least 12 consecutive months. Practical implications: This type of research has great practical utility. They make it easier for rational interaction between electricity sellers and specific consumers. Social implications: Knowledge about the mechanisms of electricity consumption on the farm home may influence the rationalization of consumption and spending. This type of rationalization should have a positive impact on the environment natural, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Originality/value: The novelty and originality of the work are the identification of the mechanism behavior of a single household consuming energy electric. Feedback between magnitudes revealed electricity consumption and its price on a specific farm home. The recipients of the work will be electricity sellers, consumers, and researchers of household market behavior. Keywords: econometric model, electricity consumption, interdependent equations. Category of the paper: Research paper. Case study.
用途:在这个时代,电能是每个家庭运作的基础。使用燃气、取暖油或固体燃料为家庭供暖也涉及到电力的供应。今天,电力是最环保的能源。经验表明,用热泵代替油加热系统为家庭节省了大量的资金。设计/方法/方法:本文的目的是建立一个描述特定家庭电力消费机制的多方程计量经济模型。该模型具有相互依赖方程系统的性质。描述为每月的用电量,该能源的支付金额(以兹罗提为单位),以及给定月份每兆瓦时的价格。使用2015年9月至2022年11月的月度时间序列,得到了一个有87个统计观测值的时间序列。研究发现:本文建立的家庭用电量计量模型既证实了USAGE和PRICE变量之间的反馈假设,也证实了用电量对其货币单位价值的递归效应。除了所获得的计量建模结果具有认知价值外,所构建的经验工具还可以对至少连续12个月的后续月份的能耗量、能耗值和单价进行预测估计。实际意义:这种类型的研究具有很大的实际效用。它们使电商与特定消费者之间的理性互动更加容易。社会影响:关于农场家庭用电机制的知识可能会影响消费和支出的合理化。这种合理化应对自然环境产生积极影响,有助于减少温室气体排放。原创性/价值:作品的新颖性和原创性是对单个家庭消费能源电力的机制行为的识别。震级之间的反馈揭示了特定农场家庭的用电量及其价格。这项工作的接受者将是电力销售商、消费者和家庭市场行为的研究人员。关键词:计量经济模型,用电量,相互依赖方程。论文类别:研究论文。案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate governance in the context of ESG issues in ICT companies in Poland – results of surveys 波兰ICT公司ESG问题背景下的公司治理——调查结果
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.35
Dorota Teneta-Skwiercz, Hanna Sikacz
Purpose: This study aims to identify and assess the actions taken by ICT (Information and Communications Technology) companies in one area of ESG, namely corporate governance (CG). Design/methodology/approach: A CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) type survey method was used. The survey involved 39 organisations with Polish capital operating in the ICT sector. Companies from the SME sector predominated among the surveyed entities. Findings: The study revealed areas for improvement in the corporate governance mechanisms of companies in the ICT sector in Poland, which may decrease their ability to identify, assess and mitigate the risks of their operations, fulfil their reporting obligations, and gain the trust of their stakeholders. Research limitations/implications: A purposive selection of entities for the research was used. The research sample did not represent the ICT industry, so the conclusions only relate to the surveyed entities. Practical implications: the article shows what ICT companies should do to operate sustainably. It highlights the relevance and importance of the latest legislation on non-financial reporting. Social implications: Corporate governance activities are part of a company's ESG strategy. They have a significant impact on the environmental and social performance of entities. Originality/value: There needs to be more research in the literature on the corporate governance activities of ICT companies. This article fills that gap. Keywords: sustainable development, corporate governance, ICT sector, ESG. Category of the paper: Research paper.
目的:本研究旨在识别和评估ICT(信息和通信技术)公司在ESG的一个领域,即公司治理(CG)所采取的行动。设计/方法/方法:采用CAWI(计算机辅助网络访谈)类型的调查方法。该调查涉及39家在信息通信技术领域拥有波兰资本的组织。中小企业在受访企业中占主导地位。研究发现:该研究揭示了波兰ICT行业公司治理机制有待改进的领域,这可能会降低它们识别、评估和减轻运营风险、履行报告义务以及获得利益相关者信任的能力。研究局限/启示:本研究使用了有目的的实体选择。研究样本不代表信息通信技术行业,因此结论仅与被调查实体相关。实际意义:本文展示了ICT公司应该做些什么来实现可持续运营。它强调了有关非财务报告的最新立法的相关性和重要性。社会影响:公司治理活动是公司ESG战略的一部分。它们对实体的环境和社会绩效有重大影响。原创性/价值:关于信息通信技术公司治理活动的文献研究还有待加强。本文填补了这一空白。关键词:可持续发展,公司治理,ICT行业,ESG论文类别:研究论文。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of logistics and marketing customer service on courier services 物流和营销对快递服务的影响
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.36
Daniel Tokarski, Anna Dąbrowska
Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the importance of logistics and customer service marketing in courier services on the DHL platform. In addition, the scale of influence of the marketing of the courier company in question on consumer decisions is suspicious. Design/methodology/approach: The choice fell on the survey as a research method that gave the opportunity to analyze the researched problems from different perspectives, dealing with many issues at the same time, and also through the possibility of reaching more people from the research group. Findings: It has been shown that activities related to logistics and marketing customer service are very important for the functioning of a courier company and achieving success in this industry. Originality/value: The publication covers the subject of impact of logistics and marketing customer service on courier services. Combining interdisciplinary research in the areas of management and quality science with economics and finance. Keywords: courier services, logistic customer service, internet marketing. Category of the paper: case study.
目的:本研究的目的是分析物流和客户服务营销在DHL平台快递服务中的重要性。此外,该快递公司的营销对消费者决策的影响程度值得怀疑。设计/方法论/方法:选择调查作为一种研究方法,它提供了从不同角度分析研究问题的机会,同时处理许多问题,也有可能从研究小组中接触到更多的人。研究结果:研究表明,与物流和营销客户服务相关的活动对快递公司的运作和在这个行业取得成功非常重要。创意/价值:本刊物的主题为物流及市场推广对速递服务的影响。将管理和质量科学领域的跨学科研究与经济学和金融学相结合。关键词:快递服务,物流客服,网络营销。论文类别:案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
The role of the state in the formation of migration attractiveness – example of Ukraine and Poland 国家在移民吸引力形成中的作用——以乌克兰和波兰为例
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.29119/1641-3466.2023.178.26
Larysa Mosora, Michał Molenda, Vitaliy Tolubyak, Sviatoslav Kis, Volodymyr Olenyuk
Purpose: The purpose of the article was to describe migration issues based on the example of current Polish-Ukrainian migration processes. Design/methodology/approach: When writing a scientific article, methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature were used; descriptive method of the main indicators that affect the migratory attractiveness of the state; method of generalization when forming general conclusions based on research results. Findings: In particular, on the basis of the method of analysis and the system of scientific literature, it was determined that the issue of attractiveness of states is discussed by scientists especially in terms of its individual types: investment; economic; tourist; migration. Studying migration processes, some scientists analyze the peculiarities of migration processes, identify the most popular types of migration that are characteristic of one or another country, while others focus more on the positive and negative consequences of migration. Originality/value: The article describes the current situation of Polish-Ukrainian migration, its scale, types, and causes. The problem of migration is presented in the context of the needs and interests of the countries in question. Keywords: migration, migration attractiveness, socio-demographic indicators, population migration. Category of the paper: General review.
目的:这篇文章的目的是根据目前波兰-乌克兰移民进程的例子来描述移民问题。设计/方法论/方法:在撰写科学文章时,使用了分析和综合科学文献的方法;影响国家移民吸引力的主要指标描述方法根据研究结果形成一般结论时的泛化方法。研究结果:特别是,在分析方法和科学文献系统的基础上,确定了国家吸引力问题是由科学家讨论的,特别是在其个别类型方面:投资;经济;旅游;迁移。研究移民过程,一些科学家分析了移民过程的特点,确定了最流行的移民类型,这是一个或另一个国家的特征,而其他人则更多地关注移民的积极和消极后果。原创性/价值:本文描述了波兰-乌克兰移民的现状、规模、类型和原因。移徙问题是在有关国家的需要和利益的背景下提出的。关键词:移民,移民吸引力,社会人口指标,人口迁移。论文类别:一般综述。
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引用次数: 0
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Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
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