Waste management最新文献_第9页

Towards circularity in the wind industry: Optimal reverse supply network design under various policy scenarios 实现风能产业的循环利用：各种政策情景下的最佳逆向供应网络设计。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.024

N.L. Trivyza , A. Tuni , A. Rentizelas

Wind energy is key to supply renewable energy. However, the increasing number of end-of-life wind turbines is still predominantly landfilled, while regulatory aspects such as waste shipment and landfilling rules hinder the development and scalable implementation of reverse supply networks.

This work aims to understand how EU directives impact the structure and viability of circularity-enabling networks by investigating the optimal reverse supply network design for end-of-life wind turbine blades under different policy scenarios. Three policy scenarios were explored through a Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming model: (i) ‘as-is’; (ii) ‘EU Proposal 2021/0367′, removing transboundary restrictions on waste shipments; (iii) ‘Landfilling Ban’ enforcing an EU-wide ban on landfilling composites. The optimal reverse supply networks with minimum costs were identified for each scenario, contextually determining location and sizing of recycling facilities and calculating landfilling quota and GHG emissions. The costs and emissions were minimum for the EU Proposal scenario, at 15,706,041€ and 2,081 tCO2e respectively. A sensitivity analysis on landfilling gate fees highlighted that they should be significantly increased to incentivise higher recycling rates and close material loops.

This research is the first to evaluate the effects of policy initiatives on the shaping of optimised reverse supply chains through mathematical programming methods. The work contributes to the waste management literature by designing optimal circular supply chain networks for the management of waste from wind turbines decommissioning at the EU-level to improve sustainability of renewable energy installations.

风能是供应可再生能源的关键。然而，越来越多的报废风力涡轮机仍以填埋为主，而废物运输和填埋规则等监管方面的问题阻碍了逆向供应网络的发展和规模化实施。这项工作旨在通过研究不同政策情景下报废风力涡轮机叶片的最佳逆向供应网络设计，了解欧盟指令如何影响循环网络的结构和可行性。我们通过混合参量线性编程模型探讨了三种政策情景：(i) "现状"；(ii) "欧盟 2021/0367 号提案"，取消了对废物运输的跨境限制；(iii) "填埋禁令"，在欧盟范围内禁止填埋复合材料。为每种情景确定了成本最低的最佳逆向供应网络，根据具体情况确定了回收设施的位置和规模，并计算了填埋配额和温室气体排放量。欧盟提案方案的成本和排放量最低，分别为 15 706 041 欧元和 2 081 吨二氧化碳当量。对垃圾填埋场费用的敏感性分析表明，应大幅提高垃圾填埋场费用，以鼓励提高回收利用率和闭合材料循环。这项研究首次通过数学编程方法评估了政策措施对优化逆向供应链的影响。这项工作通过在欧盟层面设计风力涡轮机退役废物管理的最佳循环供应链网络，提高了可再生能源装置的可持续性，为废物管理文献做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic electrochemical performance of textile sludge based activated carbon with reduced graphene oxide as electrode for supercapacitor application 基于纺织污泥的活性炭与还原氧化石墨烯作为超级电容器电极的协同电化学性能。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.015

Naveed Ahmed Khan , Zaib Jahan , Naseem Iqbal , Muhammad Bilal Niazi , Rimsha Mehek

The procedure for disposing of textile waste sludge requires sustainable solutions due to numerous environmental issues associated with its disposal. The majority of textile manufacturers incinerate the waste sludge to meet their heating demands, which is harmful to the environment. It can also be used in soil amendment, biodegradable products, construction material and water treatment process as absorbent to remove the heavy metals etc. In this study we use the heavy metal containing textile waste sludge as a precursor for the fabrication of functional electrode material for supercapacitor applications. In this process the organic content within the textile sludge waste is treated at 900 °C and transformed into activated carbon, a vital component of supercapacitors electrodes. Through a series of pyrolysis and activation processes, it is further converted into porous activated carbon (AC) with a wide surface area and appropriate electrochemical properties. To enhance the overall conductivity of the electrode material for supercapacitor applications, the carbon content of the material is increased by loading of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) up to 4 wt%. It resulted in a significant increase in the surface area up to 128.68 m²/g. The effective conversion and relevance of the obtained material for supercapacitor applications is further reinforced by the excellent electrochemical performance of rGO@AC-900 °C which generated a specific capacitance of 362F/g with 4 wt% loading which is higher than the specific capacity achieved with lower rGO loading i.e., 83.2 F/g and 182.5 F/g for AC-900 °C and 2 wt% rGO@AC-900 °C, respectively. The 4 wt% rGO@AC900°C also represented improved stability with up to 82 % charge retention after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. The excellent EDLC behavior of 4 wt% rGO@AC900°C is also evident from the impedance data. The electrode material with 4 wt% rGO loading showed lower value of R_CT i.e., 4.16 Ω as compared to 12.08 Ω with 2 wt% rGO loading. This novel approach offers a sustainable alternative for the handling of hazardous textile waste sludge through conversion into a potential electrode material for environmentally friendly energy storage devices.

由于纺织废渣处理过程中存在诸多环境问题，因此需要可持续的解决方案。大多数纺织品制造商都会焚烧废污泥以满足供热需求，这对环境有害。纺织废弃污泥可用于土壤改良、生物降解产品、建筑材料和水处理过程中作为吸收剂去除重金属等。在这项研究中，我们将含有重金属的纺织废渣作为前体，用于制造超级电容器应用的功能电极材料。在此过程中，纺织废渣中的有机成分在 900 °C 的温度下被处理并转化为活性炭，而活性炭是超级电容器电极的重要组成部分。通过一系列热解和活化过程，活性炭进一步转化为具有宽表面积和适当电化学特性的多孔活性炭（AC）。为了提高电极材料在超级电容器应用中的整体电导率，通过添加还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）来增加材料中的碳含量，最高可达 4 wt%。这使得表面积显著增加，达到 128.68 平方米/克。rGO@AC-900 °C 优异的电化学性能进一步加强了所获材料在超级电容器应用中的有效转化和相关性，4 wt% 负载时产生了 362F/g 的比电容，高于较低 rGO 负载时实现的比电容，即 AC-900 °C 和 2 wt% rGO@AC-900 °C 分别为 83.2 F/g 和 182.5 F/g。4 wt% rGO@AC900°C 还提高了稳定性，在 5000 次充放电循环后，电荷保持率高达 82%。从阻抗数据中也可以看出，4 wt% rGO@AC900°C 具有出色的 EDLC 性能。负载 4 wt% rGO 的电极材料的 RCT 值较低，为 4.16 Ω，而负载 2 wt% rGO 的电极材料的 RCT 值为 12.08 Ω。这种新方法通过将有害纺织废渣转化为环保型储能设备的潜在电极材料，为处理有害纺织废渣提供了一种可持续的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Projected waste and recycling potential of China’s photovoltaic industry 中国光伏产业废物和回收潜力预测。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.022

Bingchun Liu , Ming Li , Jiali Chen , Zheng Sun

The massive expansion of the photovoltaic (PV) industry, driven by the decarbonization of the energy mix, has led to an exponential increase in PV waste. In order to ensure the stable development of the PV industry, it is crucial to make accurate macro forecasts of future PV waste in China. In this study, a multifactor installed capacity forecasting model based on long- and short-term bi-directional memory GRA is proposed to predict the cumulative installed PV capacity in China from 2024 to 2050. The Weibull distribution and dynamic scenario analysis are utilized to quantify the recycling of panel materials for different technologies and to assess the potential economic value of recycling. The results show that China’s cumulative installed PV capacity will reach 2,901 GW by 2050. 99.75 million tons, 40.96 million tons, and 5.29 million tons of C-si, CdTe, and CIGS panels could be cumulatively recycled in the baseline scenario of Regular loss. Distributed PV will generate more end-of-life equipment than centralized PV, up to an estimated 11.8–0.5 % more. In all scenarios, the capacity of recycled equipment averages up to 64.7 % of new capacity, with a significant complementary effect of recycling. Recycling is projected to generate $13.99 billion, with significant economic benefits. Helps decision makers to take measures based on recycled materials from different technologies.

在能源结构去碳化的推动下，光伏产业大规模扩张，导致光伏废弃物呈指数级增长。为了确保光伏产业的稳定发展，对中国未来光伏废弃物进行准确的宏观预测至关重要。本研究提出了一种基于长短期双向记忆 GRA 的多因素装机容量预测模型，用于预测中国 2024 年至 2050 年的累计光伏装机容量。利用威布尔分布和动态情景分析，对不同技术的电池板材料回收进行量化，并评估回收的潜在经济价值。结果表明，到 2050 年，中国累计光伏装机容量将达到 2,901 GW。在常规损耗的基准情景下，C-si、CdTe 和 CIGS 面板可分别累计回收 9975 万吨、4096 万吨和 529 万吨。分布式光伏发电将比集中式光伏发电产生更多的报废设备，估计最多可多出 11.8-0.5%。在所有情景中，回收设备的产能平均可达新产能的 64.7%，回收利用具有显著的互补效应。预计回收利用将产生 139.9 亿美元的经济效益。帮助决策者根据不同技术的回收材料采取措施。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of processed tea waste ash on the hydration products and mechanical property of hybrid cement as an eco-friendly solution 经加工的茶叶废灰作为一种生态友好型解决方案对混合水泥水化产物和机械性能的影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.016

Cemalettin Terzi , Sezai Kutuk , Tuba Kutuk-Sert

The waste generated during production in tea factories is increasing with the growth of the world population. Storage of tea waste creates problems in terms of location and environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of tea waste ash in hybrid concrete to re-introduce tea waste into the economy and turn it into a useful material in the construction industry. Therefore, processed tea waste ash (PTWA) was first burned in an uncontrolled and then burned in a controlled combustion process at 650 °C. In the hybrid cement design, ground blast furnace slag was kept constant at 50 %, and PTWA was replaced with ordinary Portland cement at 0 %, 1.25 %, 2.5 %, 3.75 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, and 10 % by weight of the total binder (GBFS + OPC + PTWA). Experiments for pastes and mortars were performed for 2, 7, 28, and 90 days. Mineralogical properties (XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA) of the paste samples were analyzed. Mechanical tests (compressive strength, initial/final setting time, flow table, leaching) were carried out on mortar samples. The results revealed that initial and final setting times (up to 10 min and 60 min, respectively) decreased significantly as the amount of PTWA substitution increased. The performance of the mortars with PTWA was observed to diminish compared to the reference for each cure age. It was determined that PTWA affected the reduction of portlandite, and this was observed most in mixtures containing 10 % PTWA. It is believed that using PTWA together with GBFS as an alkaline activator will be beneficial to the environment.

随着世界人口的增长，茶厂在生产过程中产生的废物也在不断增加。茶叶废料的储存带来了地点和环境方面的问题。本研究的目的是调查茶叶废灰在混合混凝土中的可用性，将茶叶废料重新引入经济领域，使其成为建筑行业的有用材料。因此，加工过的茶叶废灰（PTWA）首先在不受控的情况下燃烧，然后在 650 °C 的受控燃烧过程中燃烧。在混合水泥设计中，磨细高炉矿渣的比例保持不变，为 50%，用普通硅酸盐水泥取代 PTWA，占总粘合剂（GBFS + OPC + PTWA）重量的比例分别为 0%、1.25%、2.5%、3.75%、5%、7.5% 和 10%。浆料和灰泥的实验分别进行了 2 天、7 天、28 天和 90 天。分析了浆糊样品的矿物学特性（XRD、傅立叶变换红外光谱、TGA/DTA）。对灰泥样品进行了机械测试（抗压强度、初凝/终凝时间、流动表、浸出）。结果表明，随着 PTWA 替代量的增加，初凝时间和终凝时间（分别为 10 分钟和 60 分钟）明显缩短。据观察，在每个固化龄期，添加了 PTWA 的灰泥性能都比参照物差。据测定，PTWA 会影响硅酸盐的减少，这在 PTWA 含量为 10% 的混合物中表现得最为明显。相信使用 PTWA 和 GBFS 作为碱性活化剂对环境有益。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of whole-site methane emissions from anaerobic digestion plants: Towards establishing emission factors for various plant configurations 厌氧消化工厂全厂甲烷排放评估：为各种工厂配置确定排放系数。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.021

Viktoria Wechselberger , Marlies Hrad , Marcel Bühler , Thomas Kupper , Bernhard Spangl , Anders Michael Fredenslund , Marion Huber-Humer , Charlotte Scheutz

This study examines methane (CH₄) emission factors from biogas and wastewater treatment plants, based on primary and secondary data collected from 109 facilities. Primary emission data were measured at 19 facilities representing prevalent plant configurations across Europe. Statistical analysis highlights two categorical variables, namely primary feedstock and plant size, expressed as CH₄ production (≤ 250 kg h⁻¹: small and medium-sized plants, > 250 kg h⁻¹: large plants), each of which has a significant impact on whole-site CH₄ emissions. Additionally, digestate storage (gastight vs. not-gastight) has a meaningful effect when considering CH₄ production as a continuous variable in the statistical analysis.

Our results indicate that wastewater treatment plants have the highest average CH₄ losses (7.0 % of CH₄ produced, n = 31 or 0.10 kg population equivalent (PE)^-1 yr⁻¹, n = 28), followed by manure-based plants (3.7 %, n = 49), biowaste treatment facilities (2.8 %, n = 11) and energy crop-processing plants (1.9 %, n = 14). Furthermore, small and medium-sized plants have elevated emissions (5.6 %, n = 67) compared to larger counterparts (2.2 %, n = 42), primarily attributed to the absence of gastight digestate storage. Emissions tend to be lower with gastight digestate storage (2.7 %, n = 61) than not-gastight storage options (6.2 %, n = 48).

Emission factors were determined for normal operating conditions, with a further investigation into other-than-normal operating conditions revealing temporal or constant emission peaks in eight out of 19 facilities. These peaks, suggesting potential areas for targeted mitigation strategies, were attributed to pressure relief valves, flare ignition problems and major leakages.

本研究根据从 109 个设施收集的一级和二级数据，研究了沼气和污水处理厂的甲烷（CH4）排放因子。主要排放数据是在 19 个代表欧洲普遍工厂配置的设施中测量的。统计分析强调了两个分类变量，即主要原料和工厂规模，以 CH4 产量表示（≤250 kgh-1：中小型工厂，>250 kgh-1：大型工厂），其中每个变量都对整个工厂的 CH4 排放量有显著影响。此外，在统计分析中将甲烷产量视为连续变量时，沼渣储存（密闭与非密闭）也会产生有意义的影响。我们的研究结果表明，污水处理厂的平均甲烷损失量最高（占甲烷产量的 7.0%，n = 31 或 0.10 千克人口当量（PE）-1 年-1，n = 28），其次是粪便处理厂（3.7%，n = 49）、生物垃圾处理设施（2.8%，n = 11）和能源作物加工厂（1.9%，n = 14）。此外，中小型工厂的排放量（5.6%，n = 67）高于大型工厂（2.2%，n = 42），主要原因是没有气密沼渣存储。气密沼渣储存的排放量（2.7%，n = 61）往往低于非气密储存方案（6.2%，n = 48）。排放因子是在正常运行条件下确定的，对非正常运行条件的进一步调查显示，在 19 个设施中，有 8 个出现了时间性或持续性排放峰值。这些峰值表明可能需要采取有针对性的减排战略，其原因是泄压阀、火炬点火问题和重大泄漏。

{"title":"Assessment of whole-site methane emissions from anaerobic digestion plants: Towards establishing emission factors for various plant configurations","authors":"Viktoria Wechselberger , Marlies Hrad , Marcel Bühler , Thomas Kupper , Bernhard Spangl , Anders Michael Fredenslund , Marion Huber-Humer , Charlotte Scheutz","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emission factors from biogas and wastewater treatment plants, based on primary and secondary data collected from 109 facilities. Primary emission data were measured at 19 facilities representing prevalent plant configurations across Europe. Statistical analysis highlights two categorical variables, namely primary feedstock and plant size, expressed as CH<sub>4</sub> production (≤250 kgh<sup>−1</sup>: small and medium-sized plants, >250 kgh<sup>−1</sup>: large plants), each of which has a significant impact on whole-site CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Additionally, digestate storage (gastight vs. not-gastight) has a meaningful effect when considering CH<sub>4</sub> production as a continuous variable in the statistical analysis.</div><div>Our results indicate that wastewater treatment plants have the highest average CH<sub>4</sub> losses (7.0 % of CH<sub>4</sub> produced, n = 31 or 0.10 kgpopulation equivalent(PE)<sup>-1</sup> <!-->yr<sup>−1</sup>, n = 28), followed by manure-based plants (3.7 %, n = 49), biowaste treatment facilities (2.8 %, n = 11) and energy crop-processing plants (1.9 %, n = 14). Furthermore, small and medium-sized plants have elevated emissions (5.6 %, n = 67) compared to larger counterparts (2.2 %, n = 42), primarily attributed to the absence of gastight digestate storage. Emissions tend to be lower with gastight digestate storage (2.7 %, n = 61) than not-gastight storage options (6.2 %, n = 48).</div><div>Emission factors were determined for normal operating conditions, with a further investigation into other-than-normal operating conditions revealing temporal or constant emission peaks in eight out of 19 facilities. These peaks, suggesting potential areas for targeted mitigation strategies, were attributed to pressure relief valves, flare ignition problems and major leakages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"191 ","pages":"Pages 253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Losses and emissions in polypropylene recycling from household packaging waste 从家用包装废弃物中回收聚丙烯过程中的损耗和排放。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.029

Johann B. Kasper , Luke A. Parker , Sander Postema , Elena M. Höppener , Alexandra H. Leighton , Alexander M.D. Finnegan , Sam B. Rutten , José Nijman , Amanda Larasati , André C.C. Soares , Marcel C.P. van Eijk

In this study we replicated a typical high-quality post-consumer polypropylene (PP) recycling process to investigate its losses and emissions and study potential improvements. To our knowledge this is the first time that quantitative measurements on all process steps have been performed instead of an accumulated yield and emissions in water. In the process an overall PP yield of 85 wt% based on pure PP input is achieved. The loss of target material is largest at the two mechanical dryer steps (6.6 wt%) and in the wet grinder combined with friction washers (4.0 wt%). In the process we observed approx. 3.9 wt% of the PP input as microplastics in the wastewater before the dissolved air flotation unit which is capable of 97–99 % mass-based removal of microplastics (MPs). Around 330 µg of PP was emitted to air at the mechanical drying step for each kg of input material. This is a very low mass fraction, but considering the particle size distribution the number of particles is vast. This emission can be reduced by using air filters at locations where MPs are generated. To reduce losses and emissions we investigated a few potential process changes. Compared to current practice, positive results were achieved by ensuring that the knives of the wet grinder remain sharp. The mechanical drying process can be improved by lowering the centrifugal speed which reduces the generated microplastics here from 4 wt% to 1 wt% without significantly affecting the moisture content.

在这项研究中，我们复制了一个典型的高质量消费后聚丙烯（PP）回收工艺，以调查其损耗和排放情况，并研究潜在的改进措施。据我们所知，这是首次对所有工艺步骤进行定量测量，而不是累积产量和水中排放量。在该工艺中，基于纯 PP 输入的 PP 总产量达到 85 wt%。目标材料损失最大的是两个机械干燥步骤（6.6 wt%）和结合摩擦清洗机的湿法研磨机（4.0 wt%）。在此过程中，我们观察到废水中约有 3.9 wt%的聚丙烯以微塑料形式存在于溶气气浮装置中，该装置能够以质量为基础去除 97-99% 的微塑料 (MP)。在机械干燥步骤中，每公斤输入材料约有 330 微克的 PP 排放到空气中。虽然质量分数很低，但考虑到粒度分布，颗粒的数量是巨大的。在产生 MP 的位置使用空气过滤器可以减少这种排放。为了减少损失和排放，我们研究了一些潜在的工艺变化。与目前的做法相比，通过确保湿法研磨机的刀具保持锋利，可以取得积极的效果。机械干燥过程可以通过降低离心速度来改进，这样可以将产生的微塑料从 4 wt% 降低到 1 wt%，而不会对水分含量产生重大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Selective collection of absorbent hygienic products: The results of a pilot test and waste characterization 选择性收集吸收性卫生用品：试点测试结果和废物特征。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.019

Antonio Gallardo , Mar Carlos , Francisco J. Colomer-Mendoza , Víctor G. Muzaber , Cristobal Badenes Catalán , Héctor Moreno Solaz , Vicente Apolinar Roig , Vicente Colás Ramos

Absorbent hygiene products (AHP) are single-use materials that are discarded after use. These products include diapers for babies and adults, menstrual pads, absorbent pads, and other personal hygiene items that represent a significant proportion of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this research, the impact of a pilot campaign for the separation of these AHP in a neighborhood of a city in eastern Spain has been studied. To this end, firstly, the percentages of AHP existing in the mixed waste bin (MWB) before and after the campaign were determined. A significant decrease in these materials was observed in the MWB (from 5 % to 3 % before–after the campaign). Secondly, the composition of AHP in the two types of selective collection bins (small red bins [SRB] located at the curbside and big red bins [BRB] for door-to-door collection in high–generation establishments such as nursing homes, kindergartens, etc.) was verified. Adults’ diapers were the most abundant fraction (46 %-63 %), especially in door-to-door collection. The generation rate of this type of waste (17 kg/inhab-year) and the efficiency of each type of collection were also determined. Finally, the chemical properties (humidity, heating value, volatile solids, ashes, chlorides, bromides, metals, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen) of the AHP collected in the three types of containers (MWB, SRB, and BRB) were determined with the aim of proposing the possible recycling of this waste or energy recovery from it. It was observed that AHP from selective collection had better properties for recovery.

吸收性卫生用品 (AHP) 是使用后即丢弃的一次性材料。这些产品包括婴儿和成人尿布、月经垫、吸水垫和其他个人卫生用品，在城市固体废物（MSW）中占有很大比例。在这项研究中，研究了在西班牙东部一个城市的一个社区开展的这些 AHP 分类试点活动的影响。为此，首先确定了活动前后混合垃圾桶（MWB）中存在的 AHP 的百分比。在混合垃圾桶中发现，这些材料明显减少（活动前后从 5% 减少到 3%）。其次，对两类选择性收集箱（位于路边的红色小垃圾箱[SRB]和用于上门收集的红色大垃圾箱[BRB]，如养老院、幼儿园等高产生量场所）中的AHP成分进行了验证。成人尿布的数量最多（46 %-63 %），尤其是在上门收集时。此外，还确定了此类垃圾的产生率（17 千克/居住年）以及每种收集方式的效率。最后，还确定了在三种容器（MWB、SRB 和 BRB）中收集的 AHP 的化学特性（湿度、热值、挥发性固体、灰烬、氯化物、溴化物、金属、碳、硫、氧、氮和氢），目的是提出可能的废物回收利用或能源回收建议。据观察，选择性收集的 AHP 具有更好的回收特性。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study of rainfall percolation through a novel capillary barrier cover with a zipper-shape interface between fine- and coarse-grained soils 对降雨通过细粒土和粗粒土之间具有拉链状界面的新型毛细管屏障覆盖层的渗流情况进行数值研究。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.017

Song Feng , Yahua Zheng , Hongwei Liu , Guangyao Li , Xin Qian

The huge amount of leachate generated in landfills causes persistent pollution to soil and groundwater. Landfill cover is vital for reducing leachate generation through reducing rainwater infiltration. Yet, the traditional cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBE) is only applicable in reducing rainwater percolation at its base in arid or semi-arid region. To solve this problem, a novel capillary barrier cover is proposed, which adds multiple gravel-segments to the traditional CCBE to form the zipper-shape interface between fine- and coarse-grained soils. Hydraulic response of this zippered CCBE is numerically investigated considering different gravel-segment sizes, drainage-ditch widths and climate conditions. It is found that the zippered CCBE has a lower water percolation than the traditional one by up to 57 %. It is because the capillary barrier effects along the right side-wall of gravel-segment leads to water accumulation and hence water percolation near its base, facilitating reducing water percolation using drainage ditch below the gravel-segment. Moreover, water percolation increases when the gravel-segment height exceeds 0.3 times thickness of fine-grained soil or the gravel-segment width increases, due to reduction of water storage in fine-grained soil. Under the recorded annual precipitation of 1235 mm in the semi-humid region in China, the annual percolation of the traditional and zippered CCBEs are 84 mm/year and 36 mm/year, respectively. Thus, the zippered CCBE might extent the applicability of the traditional CCBE from arid or semi-arid region to semi-humid region.

垃圾填埋场产生的大量沥滤液会对土壤和地下水造成持续污染。垃圾填埋场覆盖层对于通过减少雨水渗透来减少渗滤液的产生至关重要。然而，传统的毛细管屏障效应（CCBE）覆盖层仅适用于在干旱或半干旱地区减少其底部的雨水渗透。为解决这一问题，我们提出了一种新型毛细管屏障盖板，它在传统 CCBE 的基础上增加了多个碎石段，在细粒土和粗粒土之间形成拉链状界面。考虑到不同的碎石段尺寸、排水沟宽度和气候条件，对这种拉链式中央生态平衡系统的水力响应进行了数值研究。结果发现，拉链式中央生态平衡带的渗水量比传统的中央生态平衡带低 57%。这是因为沿碎石段右侧壁的毛细管屏障效应会导致碎石段底部附近积水，进而导致渗水，有利于减少碎石段下方排水沟的渗水量。此外，当碎石段高度超过细粒土厚度的 0.3 倍或碎石段宽度增加时，由于细粒土中的蓄水量减少，渗水量也会增加。在中国半湿润地区有记录的年降水量为 1235 毫米的条件下，传统和拉链式中央生态平衡系统的年渗水量分别为 84 毫米/年和 36 毫米/年。因此，拉链式土工膜可以将传统土工膜的适用范围从干旱或半干旱地区扩大到半湿润地区。

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引用次数: 0

Conversion of the solid fraction of food waste separated by a screw press using an integrated hydrothermal carbonization and anaerobic digestion process 利用水热碳化和厌氧消化综合工艺转化螺旋压榨机分离出的厨余固体部分。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.019

Fabrice Tanguay-Rioux , Fanny Monteil-Rivera , Mengwei Ye , Frédérique Matteau Lebrun , Vinicio Vasquez , Fred Ngoundjo , Jean-Claude Frigon , Laurent Spreutels

The treatment of food waste by anaerobic digestion (AD) still faces several challenges. Fractionating the waste, with a screw press separator, into a liquid phase rich in soluble compounds and a solid fraction could contribute to reduce these challenges, provided that the solid fraction is valorized. To do so, hydrothermal carbonization was shown to be a promising option. Indeed, HTC produced a hydrochar having an energy content 8–38 % higher than the initial feedstock and a process water that could be further converted to methane through anaerobic digestion, with a yield of 160–230 mL CH₄ per g of COD. The methane production was shown to be influenced by the recalcitrance of certain HTC products, with hardly no inhibition detected. The integrated 3-step process produces as much energy as conventional anaerobic digestion, while reducing challenges associated to low loading rate and digestate handling.

利用厌氧消化（AD）技术处理厨余垃圾仍然面临着一些挑战。使用螺旋压榨分离器将厨余垃圾分馏为富含可溶性化合物的液相和固态部分，有助于减少这些挑战，但前提是固态部分必须得到有效利用。为此，水热碳化被证明是一种很有前景的选择。事实上，水热碳化产生的水炭的能量含量比初始原料高出 8-38%，其工艺水可通过厌氧消化进一步转化为甲烷，每克 COD 的甲烷产量为 160-230 mL CH4。甲烷产量受到某些 HTC 产物的不稳定性的影响，几乎没有检测到抑制作用。综合三步法产生的能量与传统厌氧消化法不相上下，同时减少了与低负荷率和沼渣处理相关的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating direct use fertilizer potential of hydrothermal liquefaction solid mineral products: Integrating anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction 评估热液液化固体矿产品直接用作肥料的潜力：将厌氧消化和热液液化结合起来。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.014

Kamaldeep Sharma, Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, Thomas Helmer Pedersen

Sustainable agriculture is vital for reducing reliance on harmful chemical fertilizers and ensuring environmental and economic stability. Integrating Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) with anaerobic digestion (AD) can improve biomass efficiency and recovery of both energy (liquid fuels) and valuable nutrients, essential for achieving circular bioeconomy. Biogas digestate is rich in nutrients, and the HTL process can concentrate these nutrients in the solid phase, making the resulting product well-suited for agricultural applications. In this study, HTL solids were produced from biogas digestate using a continuous bench-scale HTL pilot plant to assess their potential as direct-use fertilizers. The optimal conditions for keeping contaminants within allowable limits in mineral products were identified by testing various reaction temperatures, with and without the use of a catalyst. The elemental composition of mineral products (2179 and 2181) showed high carbon varying from 51.61 and 48.41 wt%, phosphorus varying from 3.46 to 3.07 wt% and sufficient nitrogen contents varying from 1.19 to 1.13 wt%. Furthermore, carbon stability of 2179 and 2181 was measured to be 1.2 and 0.3, respectively, which indicated good quality of HTL mineral products. Organic contaminants and heavy metals in HTL mineral products obtained after biocrude recirculation cycles using the HTL pilot plant were found to be close to or below the allowed limits set by Danish legislation. Avoidance (EC50 1.62 %) and seed germination (EC50 21.37 %) tests of the mineral product indicated a moderate level of biotoxicity and a substantial plant growth stimulation potential. A maximum amount of 39 kg/ha for 2179 and 55 kg/ha for 2181 is suitable for field use without harming soil organisms. The phosphates recovery from mineral products into phosphorus-based fertilizers like struvite and hydroxyapatite using mild acids and bases as leaching agents showed around 90 % phosphates recovery and 70 % bioavailability. The synthesized fertilizers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Overall, HTL mineral products present a sustainable alternative for enhancing soil fertility, reducing reliance on harmful chemical fertilizers, and supporting both environmental and economic stability, thereby contributing to a circular economy.

可持续农业对于减少对有害化肥的依赖、确保环境和经济稳定至关重要。将水热液化（HTL）与厌氧消化（AD）相结合，可以提高生物质的利用率，并同时回收能源（液体燃料）和宝贵的营养物质，这对实现循环生物经济至关重要。沼气沼渣中含有丰富的营养物质，而 HTL 工艺可以将这些营养物质浓缩在固相中，使生成的产品非常适合农业应用。在这项研究中，我们使用一个连续的台式 HTL 试验工厂从沼气沼渣中生产 HTL 固体，以评估其作为直接使用肥料的潜力。通过测试使用和不使用催化剂的各种反应温度，确定了将矿物产品中的污染物控制在允许范围内的最佳条件。矿物产品（2179 和 2181）的元素组成显示，碳含量较高，分别为 51.61 和 48.41 wt%，磷含量为 3.46 至 3.07 wt%，氮含量充足，分别为 1.19 至 1.13 wt%。此外，经测量，2 179 和 2181 的碳稳定性分别为 1.2 和 0.3，这表明 HTL 矿产品的质量良好。使用 HTL 试验工厂进行生物原油再循环后获得的 HTL 矿物产品中的有机污染物和重金属含量接近或低于丹麦法律规定的允许限值。对矿产品进行的回避（EC50 1.62 %）和种子发芽（EC50 21.37 %）测试表明，其生物毒性水平适中，对植物生长有很大的促进作用。2179 和 2181 的最大用量分别为 39 千克/公顷和 55 千克/公顷，适合在田间使用，不会对土壤生物造成危害。使用弱酸和弱碱作为浸出剂，将磷酸盐从矿产品中回收到磷基肥料（如硬石膏和羟基磷灰石）中，结果显示磷酸盐回收率约为 90%，生物利用率为 70%。利用 X 射线衍射（XRD）光谱对合成的肥料进行了表征。总之，HTL 矿物产品为提高土壤肥力、减少对有害化肥的依赖、支持环境和经济稳定提供了一种可持续的替代方法，从而为循环经济做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0