Waste management最新文献_第9页

Novel insights into released hydrochar particle derived from typical high nitrogen waste biomass: Special properties, microstructure and formation mechanism 从典型的高氮废物生物质中释放的碳氢化合物颗粒的新见解：特殊性质，微观结构和形成机制。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.024

Wenjing Guo , Zhiyong Zhang , Bingyu Wang , Lihong Xue , Yanfang Feng

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) treatment is a promising method to transforming waste biomass into valuable resources and promoting waste recycling, especially for high nitrogen feedstocks. While small-sized hydrochar particle (≥0.45 μm) released from its solid product (hydrochar) application demonstrated large knowledge gaps compared with its original hydrochar and “secondary char” from model biomass (like glucose, sucrose, and starch). Thus, hydrochar particles derived from typical high nitrogen biomass, kitchen garbage (KG), and blue–green algae mud (AM), were collected to investigate their basic properties, microstructures and corresponding formation mechanisms. The results were: 1) the micron-sized hydrochar particles with yields as 3.42–7.86 wt% presented special characteristics, i.e., poor porous structures, moderate pH value, negative surface charge and higher surface hydrophobicity (contact angles as 95.00–117.67°) relative to original hydrochar and secondary char; 2) micronuclei aromatic core and hydrophobic hydrothermal polymers (methoxyl groups/alkyl chain with ether and carboxy groups) were identified in these hydrochar microparticles (HMPs) by jointly using differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis, Gaussian fitting model and thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) analysis; 3) polycondensation/cyclization reactions and Maillard/Mannich reaction in the KGHMPs, as well as solid–solid conversion and Maillard/Mannich reaction, polymerization reaction in AMHMPs core and its shell were proposed as their dominated formation mechanisms. The conclusions of this study indicated strong binding of HMPs with NH₄⁺, metals, and hydrophobic contaminants, and further reinforcing these application effects as soil fertilizer and decontaminant in soil/water for the N conversion, which also significantly depend on HTC temperature and feedstock.

水热碳化（HTC）处理是一种很有前途的方法，可以将废弃生物质转化为有价值的资源，促进废物循环利用，特别是对高氮原料。而从固体产物（氢炭）中释放的小尺寸氢炭颗粒（≥0.45 μm）与原始氢炭和模式生物质（如葡萄糖、蔗糖和淀粉）的“二次炭”相比，存在很大的知识差距。以典型高氮生物质、厨余垃圾（KG）和蓝绿藻泥（AM）为研究对象，对其基本性质、微观结构及形成机理进行了研究。结果表明：1)产率为3.42 ~ 7.86 wt%的微米级氢炭颗粒与原氢炭和次生炭相比，具有孔隙结构差、pH值适中、表面负电荷和较高的表面疏水性（接触角为95.00 ~ 117.67°）等特点；2)采用差热重（DTG）分析、高斯拟合模型和热重分析结合傅里叶变换红外光谱和质谱（TG-FTIR-MS）分析，鉴定了微核芳香族核和疏水性水热聚合物（甲氧基/烷基链-醚基和羧基）；3) KGHMPs中的缩聚/环化反应和Maillard/Mannich反应，以及固-固转化和Maillard/Mannich反应，以及AMHMPs核和壳内的聚合反应是其主要的形成机理。本研究的结论表明，HMPs与NH4+、金属和疏水污染物的强结合，进一步增强了这些应用效应，作为土壤肥料和土壤/水中的去污剂，氮转化也显著依赖于HTC温度和原料。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of compost maturity differences across stages and materials with statistical models 利用统计模型全面分析不同阶段和不同材料的堆肥成熟度差异。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.011

Shang Ding, Donglei Wu

Aerobic composting is an environmentally friendly and effective approach to treating organic solid waste. The variability in material composition introduces complex interactions between environmental factors and materials, which in turn affects compost maturity. This study uses multiple statistical analyses to systematically compare key indicators across composting processes for kitchen waste, livestock manure, and sludge. The results show that material type and composting stage have a significant impact on compost maturity (p < 0.001). High-precision modeling (R² > 0.90) was achieved using a Stacking model on the composting dataset, with interpretability analysis highlighting the important roles of temperature, moisture content, and nitrogen content across different composting materials. The combined effects of environmental and material changes jointly influence the composting progression. In kitchen waste composting, strong interactions between multiple indicators were observed, while moisture shifts in livestock manure and sludge composting primarily influenced compost maturity by promoting decomposition and enhancing nitrogen retention, respectively. Partial dependence analysis quantified the relationships between key indicators and compost maturity scores. These findings offer a scientific basis for identifying key factors and optimization paths in various composting processes, supporting the development of more effective composting strategies.

好氧堆肥是一种处理有机固体废物的环保而有效的方法。材料成分的变化会导致环境因素与材料之间产生复杂的相互作用，进而影响堆肥的成熟度。本研究采用多种统计分析方法，系统地比较了厨余垃圾、牲畜粪便和污泥在不同堆肥过程中的关键指标。结果表明，材料类型和堆肥阶段对堆肥成熟度有显著影响（p 2 > 0.90），堆肥数据集采用了堆叠模型，可解释性分析突出了温度、水分含量和氮含量在不同堆肥材料中的重要作用。环境和材料变化的综合效应共同影响着堆肥过程。在厨余堆肥中，观察到多个指标之间存在强烈的相互作用，而牲畜粪便和污泥堆肥中的水分变化则分别通过促进分解和提高氮保留来影响堆肥成熟度。偏倚分析量化了主要指标与堆肥成熟度得分之间的关系。这些发现为确定各种堆肥过程中的关键因素和优化路径提供了科学依据，有助于制定更有效的堆肥策略。

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引用次数: 0

Balanced water and heat energy recycling by full evaporation of wastewater (FEW) in dry biorefining processes of lignocellulose biomass 木质纤维素生物质干式生物精制过程中充分蒸发废水（FEW）平衡水热能循环利用。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.018

Ya Wang , Bin Zhang , Xiucai Liu , Jie Bao

Lignocellulosic biorefinery technology requires minimum energy consumption and wastewater generation to overcome challenges in industrial applications. This study established a rigorous model and a comprehensive physical property database of dry biorefining process on Aspen Plus platform for production including L-lactic acid, citric acid, sodium sugar acids, amino acid, and ethanol based on the experimental data. Full evaporation of wastewater (FEW) approach was proposed to completely replaced the external steam supply, and significantly reduced the freshwater input by 67% ∼ 85% and wastewater generation by 64% ∼ 89%, depending on the specific products. The carbon–neutral heat energy from lignin residue combustion generates an extra heat output of 1.098 ∼ 4.772 GJ per ton of dry wheat straw (DW) after all the heat energy needs of the biorefinery process and FEW treatments are satisfied, equivalent to a reduction of 0.219 ∼ 0.952 kg CO₂ eq/kg DM emission. This study provided a self-consistent solution for water and energy balance in biorefinery processes.

木质纤维素生物炼制技术需要最小的能源消耗和废水产生，以克服工业应用中的挑战。本研究以实验数据为基础，建立了在Aspen Plus平台上生产l -乳酸、柠檬酸、糖酸钠、氨基酸、乙醇等干式生物精炼工艺的严谨模型和综合物性数据库。提出了废水完全蒸发（FEW）方法来完全取代外部蒸汽供应，并根据具体产品显著减少了67% ~ 85%的淡水输入和64% ~ 89%的废水产生。在满足生物炼制过程和FEW处理的所有热能需求后，木质素渣燃烧产生的碳中性热能每吨干麦秸（DW）产生1.098 ~ 4.772 GJ的额外热量输出，相当于每千克DM排放减少0.219 ~ 0.952 kg CO2当量。该研究为生物炼制过程中的水和能量平衡提供了自一致的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

One-stage single cell protein production from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass residues and cheese whey through sequential anaerobic-aerobic fermentation

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.029

Carlo Moscariello , Silvio Matassa , Armando Oliva , Piet N.L. Lens , Giovanni Esposito , Francesco Pirozzi , Stefano Papirio

Single cell protein (SCP) is emerging as a viable alternative to conventional protein sources thanks to their low environmental footprint and resource upcycling potential. This study investigated the production of SCP from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass residues (HBRs) and cheese whey (CW) in an innovative one-stage sequential anaerobic–aerobic fermentation process, through which the anaerobically produced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were converted into SCP in the aerobic step. The best performance in terms of VFA and biomass yields (i.e., 0.85 mg HAc ∙ mg sCOD^-1 and 0.21 g TSS ∙ g sCOD^-1, respectively) as well as of protein content (i.e., 51 %) was obtained by working with a consecutive residence time of two and one days for, respectively, the anaerobic and the aerobic phase. A preliminary techno-economic assessment was performed to calculate the total production cost of the SCP, which ranged between 1.71 and 3.23 € ∙ kg TSS^-1.

Abbreviations: HAc, acetic acid equivalent; TSS, total suspended solids; HH, hemp hurds; Mix, mix of leaves and inflorescences; LA, lactic acid; LAB, lactic acid bacteria; co-AF, acidogenic co-fermentation; AeF, aerobic fermentation; HRT, hydraulic retention time; VS, volatile solids; SRT, solid retention time; VSS, volatile suspended solids; sCOD, soluble chemical oxygen demand; CBHs, carbohydrates; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; Π, VFA volumetric productivity, mg HAc ∙ L^-1∙ d^-1; Γ, VFA yield, mg HAc ∙ mg sCOD^-1; B, biomass volumetric productivity, g TSS ∙ L^-1∙ d^-1; PP, protein volumetric productivity, g protein ∙ L^-1∙ d^-1; Y, biomass yield coefficient, g TSS ∙ g COD^-1; CAPEX, capital expenditures; OPEX, operating expenditures; DW, dry weight; RA, relative abundance; HOB, hydrogen oxidizing bacteria; PHAs, polyhydroxyalkanoates; OLR, organic loading rate.

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引用次数: 0

Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) in the United States: Operations, revenue, and the impact of scale 美国的材料回收设施（mrf）：运营、收入和规模的影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.008

Sabrina L. Bradshaw , Horacio A. Aguirre-Villegas , Suzanne E. Boxman , Craig H. Benson

An analysis was conducted using nationwide survey data to evaluate how material recovery facilities (MRFs) operations vary regionally and with scale. The survey characterized materials, processes, and energy use involved with operations, and revenue for recyclables. This is the first nationwide analysis of MRFs in the US that accounts for mass processed, energy consumed, and revenue. Of a population of 521 MRFs, 48 responses representing MRFs from five US regions were received and analyzed (9.2 % response rate). Responses were analyzed by size according to yearly mass of inbound materials (small: <1,000 Mg/year, medium: 1,000–10,000 Mg/year, and large: >10,000 Mg/year). Most MRFs identify as single-stream; source from residences; utilize tipping floors, picking lines, baling and warehousing; and are powered by electricity. Most revenue and inbound mass (>50 %) came from fiber (cardboard and paper). Glass had little revenue, and plastics were difficult to transition to market. Percent residue ranged from 1-39 %, averaged < 20 %, and increased as the mass of inbound material increased. Large MRFs reported more sources of material, employed advanced sorting technology, had greater plastics revenue (33 % versus 5 % for small MRFs), and had more market access for plastics compared to small MRFs. Large MRFs had two orders of magnitude less annual electricity consumption per Mg recyclables than small MRFs (5–90 kWh/Mg versus ∼ 300–550 kWh/Mg). Results demonstrate environmental and economic benefits of larger-scale MRFs, which could be implemented more broadly in the US through regional hub-and-spoke arrangements for collecting and processing recyclables, lowering energy consumption and increasing revenue for recyclables.

使用全国调查数据进行了分析，以评估材料回收设施（mrf）的操作在区域和规模上的差异。该调查描述了与运营相关的材料、工艺和能源使用，以及可回收物的收入。这是美国首次对大规模加工、能源消耗和收入的mrf进行全国性分析。在521例mrf中，收到并分析了48例来自美国5个地区的mrf应答（应答率9.2%）。根据年进料质量（小：10,000 Mg/年）按大小分析响应。大多数mrf识别为单流；来源：住所；利用倾卸地板，挑选线，打捆和仓储；并且是由电力驱动的。大部分收入和入站质量（约50%）来自纤维（纸板和纸张）。玻璃几乎没有收入，塑料也很难进入市场。平均残留量为1- 39%

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of using animal manure and sludge compost as biofilter filling material for off-gas control in aerobic composting 动物粪便与污泥堆肥作为生物过滤器填料治理好氧堆肥废气的比较。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.033

Bin Shang , Kaifeng Zhang , Zhiqiang Chen , Qinxue Wen

Biofiltration is an important method for composting off-gas treatment. Compost-based materials are widely used as the filling media for biofilter. To expand the application of compost from different composting materials in off-gas control for organic waste aerobic composting, the NH₃ removal efficiency, N₂O generation, and microbial communities of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA functional gene was selected) and nitrite reductase (nirS functional gene was selected) were investigated using the animal manure compost (AMC) and sludge compost (SC) as filling materials. AMC showed a higher NH₃ removal efficiency (average 82.9 ± 12.1 %) than SC (average 58.9 ± 21.9 %). Achieving stable NH₃ removal took longer with the AMC biofilter than with the SC biofilter. More N₂O was emitted from the AMC than from the SC. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community composition in the AMC changed significantly after 30 days, whereas the denitrifying bacterial communities changed minimally. The AOB community structure in the SC was more stable than that in the AMC; however, the community compositions in the AMC and SC gradually converged with the extension of operation. These results indicate that the AMC is more suitable than the SC as biofilter filling material for NH₃ control. This study provides a significant reference for optimizing the application of compost-based biofilter off-gas control technology.

生物过滤是堆肥废气处理的一种重要方法。堆肥基材料被广泛用作生物滤池的填充介质。为了扩大不同堆肥材料的堆肥在有机废弃物好氧堆肥废气控制中的应用，以动物粪便堆肥（AMC）和污泥堆肥（SC）为填料，研究了氨单加氧酶（amoA功能基因）和亚硝酸盐还原酶（nirS功能基因）的NH3去除效率、N2O生成和微生物群落。AMC对NH3的去除率（平均82.9±12.1%）高于SC（平均58.9±21.9%）。与SC生物滤池相比，AMC生物滤池稳定去除NH3所需时间更长。氨氧化菌（AOB）群落组成在30 d后发生显著变化，而反硝化菌群落变化最小。林地中AOB群落结构比林地中稳定；然而，随着运营的扩展，AMC和SC的社区组成逐渐趋同。结果表明，AMC比SC更适合作为控制氨氮的生物过滤器填充材料。本研究为优化堆肥型生物滤池废气控制技术的应用提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Combination mechanism and dimethyl ether removal performance of organic-bound water in kitchen waste 餐厨垃圾中有机结合水的结合机理及去除二甲醚性能。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.046

Jipeng Sun , Wei Zhu , Jun Zhong , Biao Mu , Xin Wang , Xinyi Wang , Yucheng Xu , Jun Cao , Naixi Lin

Dewatering plays an important role in kitchen waste reduction and resource utilization; however, the mechanism of water combination and removal remains unclear. In this study, dimethyl ether solvent was used to investigate the water occurrence state and dewatering pattern in kitchen waste, and the key organic components, hydrophilic functional groups, and water removal mechanism were clarified. The results showed that all the water existed in the state of organic-bound water, in which proteins were the key organic matters affecting dewatering and the hydrophilic functional groups CO/CN, CO, and amine-N.

combined with water through hydrogen bonding were the key mechanisms. Through competition with hydrophilic functional groups, dimethyl ether released 54.83–87.85% of the water to the liquid phase, while the hydrophilic components and hydrophilic functional groups were retained in the solid phase. Simultaneously, the addition of additives verified that enhanced disruption of hydrogen bonding between water and hydrophilic functional groups could improve the dewatering efficiency. It was concluded that more attention should be paid to reducing or disrupting the hydrogen bonding of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the solid phase with water to improve the kitchen waste dewatering performance.

脱水对餐厨垃圾减量化和资源化利用具有重要作用；然而，水的结合和去除机制尚不清楚。本研究采用二甲醚溶剂对餐厨垃圾中的水分赋有状态和脱水规律进行了研究，阐明了餐厨垃圾中的关键有机成分、亲水性官能团和除水机理。结果表明，所有水分均以有机结合水的状态存在，其中蛋白质是影响脱水的关键有机物，亲水性官能团CO/CN、CO和胺- n是影响脱水的主要有机物。通过氢键与水结合是其关键机理。通过与亲水官能团的竞争，二甲醚将54.83-87.85%的水释放到液相，亲水组分和亲水官能团则保留在固相中。同时，添加剂的加入验证了增强水与亲水性官能团之间氢键的破坏可以提高脱水效率。结果表明，要提高餐厨垃圾的脱水性能，应注意减少或破坏固相表面亲水性官能团的氢键。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the Efficiency of Plastic Recovery Facilities: Systematically Integrating Seasonal and Regional Variations of Municipal Solid Recyclable Waste Through Infeed Management 提高塑料回收设施的效率：通过进料管理系统地整合城市固体可回收废物的季节和区域变化。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.009

Jude Shalitha Perera, Shanaka Kristombu Baduge, Egodawaththa Ralalage Kanishka Chandrathilaka, Sadeep Thilakarathna, Thilini S. Palle, A.M. Amado, Priyan Mendis

Plastic Recovery Facilities are typically designed to process a specific, predetermined mix of plastic in the infeed. However, in many cases, the composition of the infeed varies seasonally and regionally. These variations may result in bottlenecks within sorting machines, thereby causing inconsistencies in the quality and quantity of recovered material. While most recovery facilities attempt to mix different bales before feeding them into the sorting line, relying on trial and error based on the material compositions of those bales, there is a lack of a systematic approach to this process. This paper introduces a systematic approach to plastic sorting within a plastic recovery facility, where the entire recovery process flow is dynamically modelled and validated. By identifying bottleneck regions within the system, infeed bales can be premixed to achieve the designed proportions, ensuring that machines and process lines are optimised for maximum efficiency. A pre-waste survey is necessary to achieve premixing, and the cost is justified by the benefits of the final return. To enhance the efficiency, it is crucial to implement a dynamic mixing model adaptable to daily variations in infeed. In this study, the dynamic optimisation model is designed in the form of simple mixing charts, allowing for on-site premix adjustments to bales without the need for additional equipment or tools. The proposed design chart based mixing methodology can be adopted across the globe to increase the output of established plastic recovery facilities.

塑料回收设备通常用于处理进料中特定的、预定的塑料混合物。然而，在许多情况下，饲料的组成随季节和区域而变化。这些变化可能会导致分拣机出现瓶颈，从而导致回收材料的质量和数量不一致。虽然大多数回收设施在将不同的包放入分拣线之前试图混合不同的包，依靠基于这些包的材料成分的试验和错误，但缺乏系统的方法来处理这一过程。本文介绍了一种在塑料回收设施内进行塑料分类的系统方法，其中整个回收过程流程是动态建模和验证的。通过识别系统内的瓶颈区域，进料包可以预先混合以达到设计的比例，确保机器和工艺线优化以达到最高效率。为了实现预混合，必须进行废物前调查，并且最终回报的效益证明了成本是合理的。为了提高效率，关键是要实现一个动态的混合模型，以适应每天的进料变化。在本研究中，动态优化模型以简单混合图表的形式设计，允许现场预混料调整成捆，而无需额外的设备或工具。所提出的基于设计图表的混合方法可以在全球范围内采用，以增加已建立的塑料回收设施的产量。

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引用次数: 0

Plastic input and dynamics in industrial composting 工业堆肥中的塑料输入和动态。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.043

Stoyana Peneva , Quynh Nhu Phan Le , Davi R. Munhoz , Olivia Wrigley , Giovana P.F. Macan , Heidi Doose , Wulf Amelung , Melanie Braun

Green and biowaste, processed within large facilities into compost, is a key fertilizer for agricultural and horticultural soils. However, due to improper waste disposal of plastic, its residues often remain or even lead to the formation of microplastics (1 µm − 5 mm, MiPs) in the final compost product. To better understand the processes, we first quantified ‘macroplastics’ (> 20 mm, MaPs) input via biowaste collection into an industrial composting plant, and, then determined MiP concentrations at five stages during the composting process (before and after shredding and screening processes), and in the water used for irrigation. The total concentrations of MaPs in the biowaste collected from four different German districts ranged from 0.36 to 1.95 kg ton^-1 biowaste, with polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) representing the most abundant types. The “non-foil” and “foil” plastics occurred in similar amounts (0.51 ± 0.1 kg ton^-1 biowaste), with an average load of 0.08 ± 0.01 items kg⁻¹ and 0.05 ± 0.01 items kg⁻¹, respectively. Only 0.3 ± 0.1 kg MaP t⁻¹ biowaste was biodegradable plastic. Compost treatment by shredding tripled the total number of MaPs and MiPs to 33 items kg⁻¹, indicating an enrichment of particles during the process and potential fragmentation. Noticeably, a substantial amount of small MiPs (up to 22,714 ± 2,975 particles L^-1) were found in the rainwater used for compost moistening, being thus an additional, generally overlooked plastic source for compost. Our results highlight that reducing plastic input via biowaste is key for minimizing MiP contamination of compost.

绿色和生物废物在大型设施内加工成堆肥，是农业和园艺土壤的关键肥料。然而，由于塑料垃圾处理不当，其残留物往往会在最终的堆肥产品中残留甚至形成微塑料（1µm - 5 mm, MiPs）。为了更好地了解这一过程，我们首先量化了通过生物废物收集进入工业堆肥厂的“宏观塑料”（bbb20毫米，MaPs），然后确定了堆肥过程中五个阶段（粉碎和筛选过程前后）以及用于灌溉的水中的MiP浓度。从德国四个不同地区收集的生物垃圾中，MaPs的总浓度从0.36到1.95 kg - t -1不等，其中聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）的含量最高。“非箔”塑料和“箔”塑料出现的数量相似（0.51±0.1 kg-1生物垃圾），平均负荷分别为0.08±0.01项kg-1和0.05±0.01项kg-1。只有0.3±0.1 kg MaP t-1生物垃圾是可生物降解的塑料。粉碎堆肥处理使map和MiPs的总数增加了两倍，达到33个kg-1，表明在处理过程中颗粒富集和潜在的破碎。值得注意的是，在用于堆肥润湿的雨水中发现了大量的小颗粒MiPs（高达22,714±2,975颗粒L-1），因此是一个额外的，通常被忽视的堆肥塑料来源。我们的研究结果强调，通过生物废物减少塑料的投入是最大限度地减少MiP污染的关键。

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引用次数: 0

A workflow to assess the recoverability of secondary raw materials via physical separation 通过物理分离评估二次原料可回收性的工作流程。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.040

P. Boelens , L. Pereira , K. Tumakov , J.R. da Assuncao Godinho , C.G. da Silva Tochtrop , S. Gupta , B.M. Guy , R. Tolosana-Delgado , R. Möckel , T. Leißner , E. Löwer , D. Illing , A.D. Renno , L. Ott , F. Ellinger , M. Rudolph , J. Gutzmer

Printed circuit boards represent an extraordinarily challenging fraction for the recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment. Due to the closely interlinked structure of the composing materials, the selective recycling of copper and closely associated precious metals from this composite material is compromised by losses during mechanical pre-processing. This problem could partially be overcome by a better understanding of the influence of particle size and shape on the recovery of finely comminuted and well-liberated metal particles during mechanical separation. Here, we propose a workflow to quantify the role of the size and shape of such particles in various separation processes. As a case study, we compare an analytical heavy liquid separation to a new type of eddy current separator. Using X-ray computed tomography, we were able to distinguish metallic and non-metallic phases and determine the size and 3D microstructure of individual particles. For both separation processes, we trained a particle-based separation model that predicts the probability of individual particles to end up in the processing products. In particular, elongated particles were found to display a negative correlation between particle size and sphericity of metallic particles. In line with this correlation, the predicted metal recoveries are positively correlated with particle size but negatively correlated with sphericity in both separation processes. The suggested workflow is easily transferred to other recycling material systems. It allows to quantify the role of 3D geometrical particle properties in separation processes and provide robust predictions for the recoverability of different raw materials in complex recycling streams.

印刷电路板是回收废旧电器和电子设备的一个极具挑战性的部分。由于复合材料紧密相连的结构，从这种复合材料中选择性回收铜和密切相关的贵金属在机械预处理过程中受到损失。通过更好地了解粒度和形状对机械分离过程中细粉碎和充分释放的金属颗粒的回收的影响，可以部分地克服这一问题。在这里，我们提出了一个工作流来量化这些颗粒的大小和形状在各种分离过程中的作用。作为一个实例，我们比较了一种分析重液分离与一种新型涡流分离器。通过x射线计算机断层扫描，我们能够区分金属相和非金属相，并确定单个颗粒的尺寸和3D微观结构。对于这两个分离过程，我们训练了一个基于颗粒的分离模型，该模型预测了单个颗粒最终进入加工产品的概率。特别地，发现伸长的颗粒在颗粒大小和金属颗粒的球形度之间表现出负相关。根据这一相关性，两种分离过程中预测的金属回收率均与粒度呈正相关，而与球形度负相关。建议的工作流程很容易转移到其他回收材料系统。它可以量化3D几何颗粒特性在分离过程中的作用，并为复杂回收流中不同原材料的可回收性提供可靠的预测。

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