Waste management最新文献_第9页

Modified red mud catalysts for enhanced bio-crude yield and metal retention in hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood 改性赤泥催化剂对提高橡树木水热液化生物原油收率和金属保留率的影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115300

Seyedmohammad Mousavi, Martina Damizia, Maria Paola Bracciale, Roya Hamidi, Sogand Musivand, Paolo De Filippis, Benedetta de Caprariis

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising route for biofuel production, but the resulting bio-crude suffers from low quality, high metal content, and poor stability. This study explores the use of red mud (RM), a metal oxide-rich industrial waste, as a low-cost catalyst and hydrogen producer to enhance bio-crude yield and stability during the HTL of oak wood. To enhance RM performance, it was modified through thermal treatment, acid washing, and reduction. The study aimed not only to improve bio-crude yield and quality but also to assess the impact of these treatments on the migration of metals into the oil and aqueous phases. The acid-washed and reduced RM showed the best catalytic activity, reaching a bio-crude yield of almost 50 %. This was attributed to its high surface area which increased from 14.9 to 49.1 m²/g and consequently, enhanced iron availability, which promoted in-situ hydrogen generation. As revealed by the characterization of the samples, acid treatment led to the formation of a stable FeTiO3 (ilmenite) phase, which enabled the complete reduction and reoxidation of Fe during the process. The presence of ilmenite also significantly minimized Fe leaching into both oil and water phases, the amount of Fe in the bio-crude decreases from 2330 to 42.5 ppm. Bio-crudes obtained with both catalysts showed high H/C ratios and carbon recoveries up to 67 %. These results demonstrate the potential of modified RM as a sustainable catalyst in HTL, offering a valuable route for waste valorization and reducing the need for expensive bio-crude upgrading.

水热液化（HTL）是一种很有前途的生物燃料生产途径，但所得到的生物原油质量低、金属含量高、稳定性差。本研究探讨了利用富含金属氧化物的工业废渣赤泥作为低成本催化剂和产氢剂，提高橡树木高温热解过程中生物原油的产率和稳定性。为了提高RM性能，通过热处理、酸洗和还原对其进行了改性。该研究不仅旨在提高生物原油的产量和质量，而且还旨在评估这些处理对金属向油相和水相迁移的影响。酸洗还原的RM表现出最好的催化活性，达到近50%的生物原油收率。这是由于它的高表面积从14.9增加到49.1 m2/g，从而提高了铁的可用性，从而促进了原位氢的生成。样品的表征表明，酸处理导致形成稳定的FeTiO3（钛铁矿）相，使铁在此过程中完全还原和再氧化。钛铁矿的存在也显著减少了铁在油相和水相的浸出，生物原油中的铁含量从2330 ppm降至42.5 ppm。两种催化剂制备的生物原油均具有较高的H/C比和高达67%的碳回收率。这些结果证明了改性RM作为HTL可持续催化剂的潜力，为废物增值和减少昂贵的生物原油升级需求提供了有价值的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Dual role of HTC products from olive tree prunings in soil: Agricultural amendment or biopesticide depending on phytotoxicity 橄榄树修剪后的HTC产品在土壤中的双重作用：根据植物毒性作为农业改良剂或生物农药

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115280

J.M. Díaz-Rasero , T. Sosa , B. Ledesma , M. Grande , S. Román

This study investigates the impact of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) products (both hydrochars, (HC), and process water, (PW) derived from olive tree pruning, on the development of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa). HTC was performed under varying conditions (temperature 200–220 °C and biomass to water load, 1/5 and 1/12 wt./wt.) and both HC and PW characterized by suitable physico-chemical analyses. It was found that not only their processing conditions but also the amount at which these HTC products were added affected their performance when added to the seeds or plants. In the case of HCs, germination and phytotoxicity tests on lettuce seeds promoted root growth at low concentrations (0.5 %) and inhibited germination and seedling development at higher concentrations (≥2%). The effect of PWs was linked by the biomass load used in HTC: lower ratios showed phytotoxicity, while more diluted options were not detrimental. These findings underscore the dual potential of HTC products as fertilizers or herbicides, contingent on processing and application parameters.

本研究探讨了从橄榄树修剪中提取的水热碳化（HTC）产品（碳氢化合物（HC）和工艺水（PW））对生菜植株（lacuca sativa）发育的影响。HTC是在不同的条件下进行的（温度200-220°C，生物质/水负荷，1/5和1/12 wt./wt.）， HC和PW都通过适当的物理化学分析来表征。研究发现，除了加工条件外，这些HTC产品的添加量也会影响它们在添加到种子或植物中时的性能。在HCs的情况下，生菜种子的萌发和植物毒性试验表明，低浓度（0.5%）的HCs促进了根的生长，高浓度（≥2%）的HCs抑制了萌发和幼苗的发育。PWs的影响与HTC中使用的生物量负荷有关：较低的比例显示植物毒性，而更稀释的选项则无害。这些发现强调了HTC产品作为肥料或除草剂的双重潜力，这取决于加工和应用参数。

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引用次数: 0

Integration of process simulation and design of experiments for the techno-economic optimization of chitosan and mold extract recovery from waste fungal biomass 结合工艺模拟与实验设计，对壳聚糖和霉菌提取液从真菌废生物质中回收进行工艺经济优化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115296

Ali Coşkun Dalgıç , Burcu Atlı , Mustafa Yamaç

This study conducts a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of chitosan and mold extract recovery from fungal biomass waste by integrating process simulation with advanced experimental design methodologies. Simulation scenarios, developed using the simplex lattice mixture design (SLMD), evaluated the influence of biomass composition on economic performance. Higher chitosan, protein, and glucan levels markedly improved profitability, while optimization via experimental design established a robust basis for scale-up and industrial deployment. Additionally, a two-stage approach combining Taguchi and Box–Behnken designs systematically examined the effects of critical operational parameters on process efficiency and profitability. For a plant processing 773 tons/year of feedstock, the total investment cost was estimated at $3.7 million with a 1.8-year payback. Profitability was found to plateau beyond a certain installed capacity. The proposed framework advances sustainable bioprocessing strategies utilizing agro-industrial and fungal fermentation residues. Ultimately, this work suggests the “Reverse Bioprocess Design” paradigm as a transformative approach for co-optimizing primary and secondary streams toward sustainable, high-value industrial bioprocessing.

本研究通过过程模拟和先进的实验设计方法相结合，对从真菌生物质废弃物中回收壳聚糖和霉菌提取物进行了综合技术经济评价。使用单纯形晶格混合设计（SLMD）开发的模拟场景评估了生物质组成对经济绩效的影响。更高的壳聚糖、蛋白质和葡聚糖水平显著提高了盈利能力，同时通过实验设计进行优化，为扩大规模和工业部署奠定了坚实的基础。此外，Taguchi和Box-Behnken设计相结合的两阶段方法系统地检查了关键操作参数对流程效率和盈利能力的影响。对于一个每年处理773吨原料的工厂，总投资成本估计为370万美元，投资回收期为1.8年。超过一定的装机容量后，盈利能力趋于平稳。提出的框架推进可持续的生物处理策略利用农工和真菌发酵残留物。最后，这项工作表明，“逆向生物过程设计”范式是一种变革性的方法，可以共同优化初级和次级流，实现可持续的、高价值的工业生物处理。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in the pore structures of municipal solid waste samples with different abilities to provide support to the landfill structure during degradation: Analysis of synthetic waste using X-ray computed microtomography 不同能力的城市生活垃圾样品在降解过程中对填埋场结构提供支持的孔隙结构变化：合成垃圾的x射线计算机微断层扫描分析。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115294

Xinyi Liu , Xinyu Ding , Yongning Ren , Zhenshan Li , Yan Shao

The pore structure, which serves as a conduit for gas and leachate migration during municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling, undergoes continuous changes in pore size and connectivity with waste degradation. In this study, we established two types of landfill simulation containers filled with either formless or fixed-shaped MSW particles. Computer tomography (CT) scanning technology was used to monitor the pore structures regularly in situ during degradation, and Avizo image processing software was used to extract the characteristic parameters of the pore structure. The results showed that the pore structures all had unimodal distributions. The pore structures of the formless synthetic MSW particles continued to shrink, the sizes of the nodal pores decreased, and the pore channels narrowed and shortened with degradation. In contrast, the pore structures of the fixed-shaped MSW particles continued to grow during degradation, the nodal pores enlarged, and the pore channels expanded. Specifically, the pore channel length increased by nearly 1000 μm. This finding indicated that changes in the pore structures of wastes could be determined by the supporting factors of waste particles and by the biodegradation of microorganisms. The pore structures grew when the supporting factors were predominant and shrank when microorganism biodegradation was predominant.

在城市生活垃圾（MSW）填埋过程中，孔隙结构作为气体和渗滤液迁移的管道，随着垃圾降解，孔隙大小和连通性不断变化。在本研究中，我们建立了两种类型的垃圾填埋场模拟容器，分别填充无定形和固定形状的生活垃圾颗粒。利用计算机断层扫描（CT）技术对降解过程中孔隙结构进行原位定期监测，并利用Avizo图像处理软件提取孔隙结构特征参数。结果表明，孔隙结构均呈单峰分布。随着降解的进行，无定形合成垃圾颗粒的孔隙结构持续收缩，节点孔尺寸减小，孔道变窄、缩短。固形固体垃圾颗粒在降解过程中孔隙结构持续增长，节点孔扩大，孔道扩张。其中，孔隙通道长度增加了近1000 μm。这一发现表明，废物孔隙结构的变化可以由废物颗粒的支持因素和微生物的生物降解决定。支持因子作用下孔隙结构增大，微生物降解作用下孔隙结构缩小。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and environmental impact of early-stage lithium recovery in lithium-ion battery recycling 锂离子电池回收中早期锂回收的实验与环境影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115283

Dominic Dittmer , Abdur-Rahman Ali , Mahya Nezhadfard , Neill Bartie , Fabian Diaz , Steffen Blömeke , Daniel Schröder , Christoph Herrmann , Bernd Friedrich

In December 2019, the European Union announced the Green Deal as a growth strategy to ensure a resource-efficient and competitive economy. Based on this, in 2023 targets for battery recycling were formulated in a regulation. It is imperative to enhance both the recovery rate and the quality of the material to comply with this regulatory requirement. Two hydrometallurgical battery recycling processes for black mass from lithium-ion batteries with nickel manganese cobalt oxide 111 have been examined. The experimental investigation focuses on comparing early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR) process route, were lithium is leached in a first step with water from the black mass before acid leaching, with a reference route. Based on this analysis, an initial process simulation was developed in HSC SIM to generate data for life cycle assessment. Results show that the ESLR route increases lithium recovery to 61.9 % in experiments, with higher product quality. Simulation-based analysis showed a 5.7 % reduction in climate change impact per kg black mass treated compared to the reference route. Improved lithium recovery and quality reduced the climate impact of secondary lithium carbonate by 16 %, and by 37 % if wind power replaces grid electricity. Among sixteen impact categories evaluated, the ESLR route has lower impacts than the reference in thirteen categories.

2019年12月，欧盟宣布了《绿色协议》作为一项增长战略，以确保资源节约型和竞争性经济。在此基础上，制定了2023年电池回收目标的法规。为了满足这一法规要求，提高回收率和材料质量势在必行。研究了镍锰钴氧化物111锂离子电池黑质量的两种湿法冶金电池回收工艺。实验研究重点比较了酸浸前先用黑团水浸出锂的早期锂回收（ESLR）工艺路线与参考路线。基于此分析，在HSC SIM中开发了一个初始过程模拟，以生成生命周期评估的数据。结果表明，ESLR工艺可使锂回收率达到61.9%，产品质量较高。基于模拟的分析显示，与参考路线相比，每公斤黑质量处理的气候变化影响减少了5.7%。锂的回收和质量的提高将二次碳酸锂对气候的影响降低了16%，如果风力发电取代电网供电，将降低37%。在评估的16个影响类别中，ESLR路线在13个类别中的影响低于参考。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of expanded perlite and industrial waste salt composite thermochemical heat storage material 膨胀珍珠岩与工业废盐复合热化学储热材料的制备与表征。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115291

Hao Ye , Wenjie Yan , Xu Xin , Kejian Dang , Yubing Tao

The reuse of industrial waste salts offers significant potential for environmental protection and resource conservation. This study investigates the application of industrial waste salt, primarily composed of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, as a thermochemical heat storage material. Expanded perlite was selected as the porous matrix to prepare composite materials, and comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the water adsorption, dehydration, and cyclic performance of waste salt and pure salt composite materials. Results indicate minimal differences in water adsorption and dehydration behavior between waste and pure salts. The heat storage density of pure salt and waste salt are 541 J·g⁻¹ and 515 J·g⁻¹, respectively. The both composite materials demonstrated a water adsorption capacity of approximately 1.0 g·g⁻¹ within 24 h and complete dehydration within 4 h. Expanded perlite effectively mitigated deliquescence leakage during hydration, maintaining structural integrity. Additionally, the water adsorption rate increased with humidity. This study highlights that the thermochemical energy storage properties of waste salts are comparable to those of pure salts, making waste salts a cost-effective alternative for thermal storage material development. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for industrial waste salt reuse, eliminating the need for costly purification processes and supporting large-scale applications in energy storage systems.

工业废盐的再利用在环境保护和资源节约方面具有巨大的潜力。研究了以六水氯化镁为主要成分的工业废盐作为热化学储热材料的应用。选择膨胀珍珠岩作为多孔基质制备复合材料，对废盐和纯盐复合材料的水吸附、脱水和循环性能进行了对比分析。结果表明，废盐和纯盐的水吸附和脱水行为差异极小。纯盐和废盐的蓄热密度分别为541 J·g-1和515 J·g-1。两种复合材料在24 h内的水吸附量约为1.0 g·g-1，在4 h内完全脱水。膨胀珍珠岩有效地减轻了水化过程中的湿解渗漏，保持了结构的完整性。吸附率随湿度的增加而增加。本研究强调废盐的热化学储能性能与纯盐相当，使废盐成为一种具有成本效益的储热材料替代品。这种方法为工业废盐的再利用提供了可持续的途径，消除了对昂贵的净化过程的需要，并支持在储能系统中的大规模应用。

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引用次数: 0

Leaching behavior and mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from solidified/stabilized fly ash under landfill leachate and alkali washing conditions: Inspired by co-landfilling with MSW 垃圾渗滤液和碱洗条件下固化/稳定飞灰中PCDD/Fs的浸出行为及机理：受城市生活垃圾共填埋的启发

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115290

Xue Li , Yingjie Sun , Weihua Li , Qingjian Zhang , Yanqi Nie , Dong Liu , Weichen Xu , Xuexin Fu , Rongxing Bian , Huawei Wang , Ya-nan Wang

Substantial generation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and limited landfill capacity have led to improper co-landfilling of solidified/stabilized (S/S) fly ash with municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, S/S fly ash is susceptible to erosion by leachate, and secondary alkaline washing caused by rainfall on newly landfilled S/S fly ash. To elucidate the leaching behavior of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and identify key release influencing factors, this study employed column experiments following US EPA Method 1320 to simulate dynamic leaching process where leachate and NaOH solution sequentially permeate through S/S fly ash. Results showed that the mass and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the eluate were associated with the phase transfer of dissolved organic matter. Notably, the dense structure formed by the high-molecular chelator S/S fly ash, combined with the abundant dissolved organic matter in old leachate, facilitated the attainment of critical micelle concentration of dissolved organic matter within S/S fly ash, thereby promoting the release of PCDD/Fs. Additionally, alkali washing induced the secondary release of PCDD/Fs. Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/heptachlorodibenzofurans (H₇CDD/Fs) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/octachlorodibenzofuran (O₈CDD/Fs) were the dominant homologues in the eluates, indicating dissolved organic matter exhibited higher affinity for highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs. pH and electrical conductivity affected the conformation and hydrophilicity of dissolved organic matter. An increase in pH weakened dissolved organic matter-PCDD/Fs interactions, while electrical conductivity exhibited complex effects. Historical improper landfilling practices involving fly ash and MSW remain concerns, particularly long-term PCDD/Fs leaching risks posed by old leachate on S/S fly ash stabilized with high-molecular chelator.

城市生活垃圾焚烧产生的大量飞灰和有限的填埋场容量导致了固化/稳定（S/S）飞灰与城市生活垃圾（MSW）的不当共填埋。因此，新填埋的S/S飞灰容易受到渗滤液的侵蚀和降雨的二次碱性洗涤。为了阐明多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）的浸出行为，并确定关键的释放影响因素，本研究采用柱式实验，按照美国环保局1320方法，模拟了渗滤液和NaOH溶液依次渗透S/S粉煤灰的动态浸出过程。结果表明，洗脱液中PCDD/Fs的质量和毒性当量（TEQ）浓度与溶解有机物的相转移有关。值得注意的是，高分子螯合剂S/S粉煤灰形成的致密结构，结合老渗滤液中丰富的溶解有机质，促进了S/S粉煤灰中溶解有机质达到临界胶束浓度，从而促进了PCDD/Fs的释放。此外，碱洗诱导PCDD/Fs的二次释放。七氯二苯并-对二恶英/七氯二苯并呋喃（H7CDD/Fs）和八氯二苯并-对二恶英/八氯二苯并呋喃（O8CDD/Fs）是淋洗液中主要的同源物，表明溶解的有机物对高氯化PCDD/呋喃具有更高的亲和力。pH和电导率影响溶解有机物的构象和亲水性。pH的增加削弱了溶解有机物与pcdd /Fs的相互作用，而电导率则表现出复杂的影响。粉煤灰和城市生活垃圾的历史不当填埋做法仍然令人担忧，特别是旧渗滤液在高分子螯合剂稳定的S/S粉煤灰上长期浸出PCDD/Fs的风险。

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引用次数: 0

The suitability of fermenter liquor from MSW as an electron donor for hypersaline sulfate reduction 城市生活垃圾发酵液作为高盐硫酸盐还原电子供体的适宜性

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115292

M. Patel , M. Peces , D. Villa-Gomez , I. Pikaar , J. Vaughan , W.P. Clarke

Liquor from the fermentation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was tested as a carbon source for sulfate reducing organisms under saline to hypersaline conditions for treating acid mine drainage in arid climates. Two 1.4 L reactors were operated continuously, one as a control maintained at a salinity of 20 g NaCl/L, the other (the test reactor) operated at salinities up to 50 g NaCl/L. Both reactors were first fed a synthetic mix of VFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate) at a COD ratio of 2:1:3:0.5 and at an organic loading rate of 1.56 gCOD/L/d with sulfate supplied in excess as Na₂SO₄. The sulfate reduction rate (SRR) was unaffected by the salinity up to 35 g NaCl/L, but was adversely affected in hypersaline (>35 g NaCl/L) conditions. The stabilized SRR at 50 g NaCl/L was 0.43 ± 0.01 g SO₄-S/L/d compared to 0.66 ± 0.01 g SO₄-S/L/d in the control reactor. Upon replacing the VFA mixture in both reactors with fermenter liquor (a mixture of alcohols, VFAs, lactate and succinate and 29 ± 4 % of unidentified COD), at the same COD loading rate, the SRR recovered in the test reactor (50 g NaCl/L) to 0.56 ± 0.01 g SO₄-S/L/d with full utilisation of acetate by completely oxidizing sulfate reducers, no methane production and over 65 % utilisation of the un-identified COD fraction.

在盐碱至高盐碱条件下，将城市生活垃圾有机馏分发酵后的醪液作为硫酸盐还原生物的碳源，用于处理干旱气候条件下的酸性矿山废水。两个1.4 L反应器连续运行，一个作为对照，维持在20 g NaCl/L的盐度下，另一个（试验反应器）在高达50 g NaCl/L的盐度下运行。两个反应器首先投喂合成的VFAs（醋酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯和戊酸酯），COD比为2:1:3:5 .5，有机负荷率为1.56 gCOD/L/d，过量的硫酸作为Na2SO4。当盐度高达35 g NaCl/L时，硫酸盐还原速率（SRR）不受影响，但在高盐（>35 g NaCl/L）条件下，SRR受到不利影响。在50 g NaCl/L条件下，稳定SRR为0.43±0.01 g SO4-S/L/d，而对照反应器为0.66±0.01 g SO4-S/L/d。将两个反应器中的VFA混合物替换为发酵液（醇、VFAs、乳酸和丁二酸盐的混合物，以及29±4%的未识别COD），在相同的COD负荷率下，试验反应器（50 g NaCl/L）的SRR恢复到0.56±0.01 g SO4-S/L/d，硫酸盐还原剂完全氧化充分利用乙酸，不产生甲烷，未识别COD利用率超过65%。

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引用次数: 0

Geoelectrical imaging and cluster analysis for leachate mapping in a municipal solid waste landfill: A case study in Brazil 地电成像和聚类分析在城市固体垃圾填埋场的渗滤液测绘：在巴西的一个案例研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115289

Mariana Barbosa Juarez , Heraldo Luiz Giacheti , Ana Paula do Nascimento , Marina Fernandes Sanches Barros , Vagner Roberto Elis , Giulliana Mondelli

Landfill stability and environmental protection are critical issues in municipal solid waste (MSW) management, especially in tropical countries, where warm and humid conditions can accelerate leachate and gas production. This paper investigated a landfill in Brazil that operated for 24 years (1993–2016), with over 30 % of the MSW consisting of organic matter. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time-domain induced polarization (IP) surveys were performed along two survey lines for mapping leachate distribution. The results were analyzed using unsupervised machine learning, visualization tools, and descriptive statistics in the R programming language. Standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted to validate cluster analysis. A comparison of ERT and IP profiles obtained 20 years apart suggested significant leachate presence and varying degradation rates within the waste body, even years after waste disposal activities had ceased. Geoelectrical data were grouped into seven clusters, which were interpreted based on material type (soil and MSW), degree of saturation (partially and fully saturated waste), and organic matter content (from dry to biogeochemically active zones). The SPT tests confirmed complex fluid distribution by revealing leachate ejection and gas emissions at specific regions of the landfill showing low resistivity (below 10 Ωm) and moderate to high chargeability (from 5 to 60 mV/V) and normalized chargeability (from 1 to 7 mS/m). The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of geophysical imaging techniques for site monitoring and highlighted the potential for energy recovery from old MSW.

垃圾填埋场的稳定性和环境保护是城市固体废物管理的关键问题，特别是在热带国家，温暖潮湿的环境会加速渗滤液和气体的产生。本文调查了巴西一个运行了24年（1993-2016）的垃圾填埋场，其中超过30%的生活垃圾由有机物组成。采用电阻率层析成像（ERT）和时域诱导极化（IP）两种测量方法绘制渗滤液分布。使用无监督机器学习、可视化工具和R编程语言中的描述性统计分析结果。进行标准渗透测试（SPT）来验证聚类分析。对相隔20年的ERT和IP资料进行的比较表明，即使在废物处理活动停止数年后，废物体内仍存在大量渗滤液和不同的降解率。地电数据被分成7个簇，根据物质类型（土壤和城市生活垃圾）、饱和度（部分和完全饱和的废物）和有机质含量（从干燥到生物地球化学活跃带）进行解释。SPT测试通过揭示垃圾填埋场特定区域的渗滤液喷射和气体排放，证实了复杂的流体分布，显示出低电阻率（低于10 Ωm）、中高电荷率（从5到60 mV/V）和标准化电荷率（从1到7 mS/m）。研究结果显示地球物理成像技术在监测场地方面的有效性，并突出了从旧都市固体废物中回收能量的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A review of the cast stone formulation for nuclear waste immobilization 核废料固定化用铸石配方研究进展

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115277

R. Matthew Asmussen , Gemma G. Clark , Jacob Anderson , Agathe Bourchy , Jacqueline Ferrer , Christopher Hossack , Jonathan Lapeyre , Miroslava Peterson , Suraj A. Rahmon , Joelle T. Reiser , Brian J. Riley , Sarah A. Saslow , Chinthaka Silva

This review aims to collate the properties of the Cast Stone cementitious waste form, a specific ternary blend of blast furnace slag (BFS, 47 wt%), fly ash (FA, 45 wt%) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC, 8 wt%). This mixture has been studied as a candidate for use in nuclear waste immobilization at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site over the last 20 years. The blend has been tested for immobilizing liquid waste (including pre-treated waste, low-activity waste and mixed low-level wastes), immobilizing secondary wastes generated from vitrification, and encapsulating solid waste. As new formulations are developed at Hanford and around the world, this review provides the current state of knowledge on one of the most studied formulations for waste immobilization in the U.S. This review focuses solely on the 47/45/8 BFS/FA/OPC Cast Stone formulation and does not include the relatively close saltstone formulation nor construction “cast stone”. This report summarizes the fresh and cured properties of Cast Stone, the impact of varying water-binder ratio and waste chemistries, spectroscopic material characterizations, and field testing and modeling efforts specific to Cast Stone’s long-term performance. Relationships between the existing datasets and waste form properties are identified and discussed. From the data available, Cast Stone can provide consistent material properties that meet the disposal requirements or waste acceptance criteria of generic disposal sites, but is not yet employed for waste immobilization in practice.

这篇综述的目的是整理铸石胶凝废物的性质，一个特定的高炉矿渣（BFS, 47 wt%），粉煤灰（FA, 45 wt%）和普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC, 8 wt%）的三元共混物。在过去的20年里，美国能源部汉福德基地一直在研究这种混合物作为核废料固定化的候选材料。该混合物已被测试用于固定化液体废物（包括预处理废物、低活性废物和混合低活性废物）、固定化玻璃化产生的二次废物和封装固体废物。随着新配方在汉福德和世界各地的开发，本综述提供了美国研究最多的废物固定化配方之一的当前知识状况。本综述仅关注47/45/8 BFS/FA/OPC铸石配方，不包括相对接近的盐岩配方或建筑“铸石”。本报告总结了Cast Stone的新鲜和固化性能，不同水胶比和废物化学成分的影响，光谱材料特性，以及针对Cast Stone长期性能的现场测试和建模工作。确定并讨论了现有数据集与废弃表单属性之间的关系。从现有的数据来看，铸石可以提供一致的材料性能，满足一般处置场地的处置要求或废物接受标准，但在实践中尚未用于废物固定。

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