Waste management最新文献_第8页

Cement and zeolite stabilization/solidification of heavy metal-contaminated sediments: 841-Day leaching characteristics, mechanisms, and microstructure 重金属污染沉积物的水泥和沸石稳定/固化：841 天沥滤特性、机制和微观结构。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.025

Nan Hu , Geng Chen , Yonghui Chen , Minguo Lin , Panpan Tang , Wanlu Zhang , Zi Ye

The long-term effectiveness of stabilized/solidified sediments (S/S sediments) is increasingly attracting attention. This study investigated the long-term leaching characteristics and mechanisms of S/S sediment through an 841-day tank leaching test, considering the influence of cement content, curing time, and zeolite. The results indicate significant correlations among pH, heavy metals, TN, NH₃-N, and COD. The specimens with 6 % cement cured for 30 days (C6(30)) demonstrated considerable heavy metal stabilization, with stabilization rates for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb reaching 99.81 %, 99.06 %, 98.93 %, 99.61 %, 97.58 %, and 99.97 %, respectively. Compared to C6(30), partial replacement of cement with 10 % zeolite (C5 + Z0.5(30)) not only more effectively stabilized heavy metals except As, but also reduced the release of COD and NH₃-N by 4.23 % and 10.04 %, respectively. However, there was a risk of TN, NH₃-N, and COD exceeding permissible limits during long-term leaching. Microscopic analysis results suggested that hydration products and low porosity contributed to stabilization of heavy metals. Leaching mechanisms was revealed that surface wash-off controls the leaching of Cr and Pb, while diffusion controls the leaching of Ni, Cu, Zn, As, COD, TN, and NH₃-N. Considering stabilization performance, cost and carbon emissions, C5 + Z0.5(30) is an effective strategy for reducing long-term environmental risks of S/S sediments.

稳定/固化沉积物（S/S 沉积物）的长期有效性越来越受到关注。考虑到水泥含量、固化时间和沸石的影响，本研究通过为期 841 天的槽浸出试验研究了 S/S 沉积物的长期浸出特性和机制。结果表明，pH 值、重金属、TN、NH3-N 和 COD 之间存在明显的相关性。水泥含量为 6%、固化时间为 30 天的试样（C6(30)）表现出相当高的重金属稳定率，其中 Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As 和 Pb 的稳定率分别达到 99.81%、99.06%、98.93%、99.61%、97.58% 和 99.97%。与 C6(30) 相比，用 10% 的沸石部分替代水泥（C5 + Z0.5(30)）不仅能更有效地稳定除 As 以外的重金属，还能将 COD 和 NH3-N 的释放量分别减少 4.23% 和 10.04%。不过，在长期浸滤过程中，TN、NH3-N 和 COD 仍有可能超过允许限值。显微分析结果表明，水化产物和低孔隙率有助于重金属的稳定。浸出机制显示，表面冲刷控制着铬和铅的浸出，而扩散控制着镍、铜、锌、砷、COD、TN 和 NH3-N 的浸出。考虑到稳定化性能、成本和碳排放，C5 + Z0.5(30)是降低 S/S 沉积物长期环境风险的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

The repeatability of reusing peat as horticultural substrate and the role of fertigation for optimal reuse 泥炭作为园艺基质再利用的可重复性以及施肥对优化再利用的作用。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.028

Bart Vandecasteele , Jolien Claerbout , Hanne Denaeghel , Simon Craeye

Direct reuse of horticultural substrates may facilitate the transition from linear to circular greenhouse cultivation. Characteristics of spent growing media from strawberry cultivation were compared to substrates from ornamentals, mushrooms, microgreens, and greenhouse vegetables. Direct reuse of spent peat as a stand-alone material was tested in three trials under commercial conditions. In the first trial strawberry cultivation on reused growing media with included crop residues resulted in similar yield as for virgin blends in a spring cultivation. In the second trial repeated reuse of spent growing media was tested in an autumn cultivation, either with direct reuse or with reuse after shredding and steam treatment for sanitation. Nutrient retention did not increase further during repeated reuse. Yield was similar to virgin peat for the direct reuse and steam sanitation treatments. Under reuse deterioration in terms of physical properties was not observed. Biological stability remained high for all media during reuse. Reusing peat for strawberry 3 times did not lead to any problems for yield or substrate. In the third trial the effects of fertigation regimes with reduced P and K input on nutrient retention during direct reuse in a spring cultivation were limited. In contrast, significantly lower N, P, K, Mg and Ca contents in the substrate were measured when fertigation was replaced by water in the last two weeks of the cultivation. Cation exchange capacity in the spent peat in all trials remained high during reuse. Ca was the dominant cation on the exchange complex.

园艺基质的直接再利用可促进温室栽培从直线型向循环型过渡。将草莓栽培过程中用过的生长介质的特性与观赏植物、蘑菇、微菜和温室蔬菜的基质进行了比较。在商业条件下，对废泥炭作为独立材料的直接再利用进行了三次试验。在第一项试验中，使用含有作物残留物的再利用生长介质栽培草莓，其产量与春季栽培时使用原混合介质的产量相近。在第二次试验中，对秋季栽培中重复使用废旧生长介质进行了测试，无论是直接重复使用，还是在粉碎和蒸汽消毒处理后重复使用。在重复使用过程中，养分保持率没有进一步提高。直接再利用和蒸汽消毒处理的产量与原泥炭相似。在重复使用的情况下，没有观察到物理特性的退化。在重复使用期间，所有培养基的生物稳定性都很高。草莓泥炭重复使用 3 次并没有导致产量或基质方面的任何问题。在第三次试验中，在春季栽培中直接重复使用泥炭时，减少 P 和 K 输入量的施肥制度对养分保留的影响有限。相反，如果在栽培的最后两周用水代替施肥，基质中的氮、磷、钾、镁和钙含量会明显降低。在所有试验中，废泥炭的阳离子交换容量在重复使用期间都保持较高水平。钙是交换复合物中的主要阳离子。

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引用次数: 0

Estimating construction and demolition waste in the building sector in China: Towards the end of the century 估算中国建筑行业的建筑和拆除垃圾：迈向世纪末。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.023

Runying An , Yangyang Guo

Amid China’s rapid urbanization and economic growth, increasing construction and demolition waste (CDW) has become a critical environmental and management challenge. In the present study, we introduce a dynamic recursive-based CDW assessment model designed to systematically track and analyze the origins, distribution, and composition of CDW across China. Our results show that China is projected to generate 224.08 billion tonnes (Bt) of CDW from 2000 to 2100, mostly gravel (34.15%), sand (30.08%), and brick/tile (14.37%). Additionally, the primary source of CDW generation will shift from rural to urban public and commercial (P&C) buildings. The proportion of metals such as steel in CDW is rapidly increasing, rising from 2.11% in 2000 to 17.66% in 2100. From 2020 to 2100, reducing material waste during the construction phase can decrease the amount of CDW by 6.88 Bt. Extending the building lifespan during the operation phase can further reduce the amount of CDW by 50.25 Bt. In comparison, implementing recycling strategies during the demolition phase can achieve the most significant reduction in the amount of CDW, with an estimated cumulative decrease of 151.25 Bt. The amounts of gravel, sand, and steel are anticipated to contribute the most to this reduction, accounting for 44.93%, 37.66%, and 8.8% of the total reduction in the amount of CDW, respectively.

在中国快速的城市化和经济增长中，不断增加的建筑和拆除垃圾（CDW）已成为一项严峻的环境和管理挑战。在本研究中，我们引入了基于动态递归的建筑垃圾处置量评估模型，旨在系统地跟踪和分析中国各地建筑垃圾处置量的来源、分布和构成。结果表明，预计从 2000 年到 2100 年，中国将产生 2240.8 亿吨（Bt）的煤炭废弃物，其中大部分是砾石（34.15%）、砂（30.08%）和砖瓦（14.37%）。此外，产生国内煤炭消费量的主要来源将从农村转移到城市公共和商业建筑。钢材等金属在煤层气中的比例正在迅速增加，从 2000 年的 2.11% 增加到 2100 年的 17.66%。从 2020 年到 2100 年，减少施工阶段的材料浪费可减少 6.88 亿吨的厨余垃圾。在运营阶段延长建筑寿命可进一步减少 50.25 Bt 的 CDW 量。相比之下，在拆除阶段实施回收战略可实现最显著的固体废弃物量减少，预计累计减少 151.25 Bt。预计碎石、沙子和钢材的用量对减少总量的贡献最大，分别占减少总量的44.93%、37.66%和8.8%。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ production of amino acid-rich monoammonium phosphate from chicken feathers provides superior efficacy compared to physical blending 与物理混合法相比，利用鸡毛就地生产富含氨基酸的磷酸一铵具有更高的功效。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.030

Fuduo He, Yi Tan, Xiaohou Zhou, Tao Luo, Zhenjuan Yan, Dehua Xu, Xinlong Wang

A large amount of feather waste is discarded annually, leading to severe environmental pollution problems. Meanwhile, to improve the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizers, this study utilized wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) to hydrolyze feathers in-situ, producing ammonium amino acid phosphate (AAMAP), and set up physically mixed ammonium phosphate (ARMAP) as a control. The application effects of AAMAP and ARMAP produced under different conditions on bok choy growth were investigated. The results showed that AAMAP consistently outperformed ARMAP in promoting yield, with fresh weight and dry weight increases ranging from 1.38 % to 26.06 % and 5.69 % to 20.67 %, respectively. Among all treatments, the AAMAP (150 g/L-3) group was the most effective, increasing fresh weight and dry weight by 37.13 % and 46.13 % compared to the blank control group. Analysis revealed that the superior application effect of AAMAP was attributed to the elimination of the water-insoluble NH₄MgPO₄·H₂O crystals due to amino acid chelation, leading to improved phosphorus and magnesium utilization, as well as the formation of phosphoesters. Furthermore, economic analysis showed that the addition cost of AAMAP was only 28.52 % of ARMAP. This method of utilizing WPPA to hydrolyze feathers in-situ for AAMAP production is an economical and effective approach to treat feather waste and enhance the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizers.

每年都有大量的羽毛废弃物被丢弃，导致严重的环境污染问题。同时，为了提高磷肥的利用效率，本研究利用湿法磷酸（WPPA）对羽毛进行原位水解，生产出氨基酸磷酸铵（AAMAP），并设置物理混合磷酸铵（ARMAP）作为对照。研究了在不同条件下产生的 AAMAP 和 ARMAP 对大白菜生长的影响。结果表明，AAMAP的增产效果始终优于ARMAP，鲜重和干重分别增加了1.38%至26.06%和5.69%至20.67%。在所有处理中，AAMAP（150 克/升-3）组最有效，与空白对照组相比，鲜重和干重分别增加了 37.13 % 和 46.13 %。分析表明，AAMAP 的优异施用效果是由于氨基酸螯合作用消除了不溶于水的 NH4MgPO4-H2O 结晶，从而提高了磷和镁的利用率，并形成了磷酯。此外，经济分析表明，AAMAP 的添加成本仅为 ARMAP 的 28.52%。这种利用 WPPA 就地水解羽毛以生产 AAMAP 的方法是处理羽毛废弃物和提高磷肥利用效率的一种经济有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Municipal solid waste management in Lagos State: Expansion diffusion of awareness 拉各斯州的城市固体废物管理：扩大宣传。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.032

Emma Etim , Karma Tashi Choedron , Olawale Ajai

This study examined the role of waste management authorities in promoting public awareness of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) through the lens of the expansion diffusion theory (EDT). EDT emphasizes the spread of new ideas and practices within a society through various communication channels and distinct individuals within each system. We employed a mixed-method approach using 116 survey responses from Lagos residents and five semi-structured in-depth interviews. Our findings reveal the need for a more structured approach to create public awareness of MSWM, considering the distinct groups of residents in Lagos and their responses to innovation and knowledge diffusion. We propose four pillars on which waste management authorities in developing countries can sustain their MSWM awareness campaigns, as well as an awareness campaign strategy flowchart. Our findings add to the expanding body of research on public awareness and participation in MSWM, emphasizing the critical role that waste management authorities can play in fostering sustainable waste management awareness and practices.

本研究通过扩展传播理论（EDT）的视角，探讨了废物管理机构在提高公众对城市固体废物管理（MSWM）认识方面的作用。扩展扩散理论强调新思想和新做法通过各种传播渠道和每个系统中不同的个体在社会中传播。我们采用了一种混合方法，对拉各斯居民进行了 116 次问卷调查，并进行了五次半结构式深度访谈。我们的研究结果表明，考虑到拉各斯不同的居民群体及其对创新和知识传播的反应，我们需要一种更有条理的方法来提高公众对 MSWM 的认识。我们提出了发展中国家废物管理机构可持续开展 MSWM 宣传活动的四大支柱，以及宣传活动战略流程图。我们的研究结果丰富了有关公众对 MSWM 的认识和参与的研究，强调了废物管理机构在培养可持续废物管理意识和实践方面可以发挥的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of acidification pretreatment on two-phase anaerobic digestion of acidified food waste 酸化预处理对酸化厨余两相厌氧消化的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.022

Xudong Wang , Xujia Ming , Mengyu Chen , Xiao Han , Xianguo Li , Dahai Zhang

Acidified food waste significantly disrupts anaerobic digestion, highlighting the need for effective solutions to mitigate its impact. This study presents a method that utilizes acidified sludge to pretreat acidified food waste, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of hydrolysis and acidogenesis. After acidification pretreatment, hydrolysis efficiency improved from 64.54 % to 96.51 %, while acidogenesis efficiency increased from 34.82 % to 49.95 %. Additionally, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and hydrogen production in the acidification pretreatment group increased by 45.89 % and 48.67 %, respectively. The pretreatment group exhibited a biochemical methane potential of 512.84 ± 13.73 mL/(g volatile suspended solids), which was 35.77 % higher than that of the control group. Mechanism analysis revealed that the higher abundance of genes associated with lactate dehydrogenase in the acidified sludge facilitated the rapid degradation of lactic acid. Moreover, the abundant Clostridium butyricum in the acidified sludge promoted the targeted conversion of lactic acid and other organic matter into butyric acid within the food waste system. This efficient butyric acid fermentation improved the fermentation environment and provided abundant substrates for methane production. This study introduces a promising bio-based strategy to improve the anaerobic digestion efficiency of acidified food waste.

酸化厨余会严重干扰厌氧消化，因此需要有效的解决方案来减轻其影响。本研究提出了一种利用酸化污泥预处理酸化厨余的方法，从而显著提高水解和产酸效率。经过酸化预处理后，水解效率从 64.54% 提高到 96.51%，酸化效率从 34.82% 提高到 49.95%。此外，酸化预处理组的短链脂肪酸浓度和产氢量分别增加了 45.89 % 和 48.67 %。预处理组的生化甲烷潜力为 512.84 ± 13.73 mL/（g 挥发性悬浮固体），比对照组高出 35.77%。机理分析表明，酸化污泥中乳酸脱氢酶相关基因的丰度较高，促进了乳酸的快速降解。此外，酸化污泥中丰富的丁酸梭菌促进了乳酸和其他有机物在厨余系统中定向转化为丁酸。这种高效的丁酸发酵改善了发酵环境，并为甲烷生产提供了丰富的底物。这项研究为提高酸化厨余的厌氧消化效率介绍了一种前景广阔的生物策略。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing determinants and readiness for willingness-to-pay (WTP) for unit-based pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste tariff structures: A case study of Kathmandu, Nepal 评估以单位为基础的 "即扔即付"（PAYT）垃圾收费结构的决定因素和支付意愿（WTP）准备情况：尼泊尔加德满都案例研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.029

Mukesh Ghimire , Sudeshana Pandey , Sung-Eun Chang , JongRoul Woo

Many cities in developing countries are searching for financially motivated behavior-based alternatives, such as pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) tariff mechanisms, over conventional methods. This study explores the determinants and readiness for willingness-to-pay (WTP) for introducing unit-based PAYT tariff structures in Kathmandu, Nepal. Two distinct colored volume-based recyclable plastic bags (1 L and 20 L) waste collection systems were introduced, and their acceptability was assessed using the contingent valuation method (CVM) spike model. The findings from a survey of 401 households revealed that the public shows their willingness to replace existing fixed tariff structures with PAYT systems, with WTP values of NRs 36.1 and NRs 42.14 (USD 0.28 and 0.32) for each 1 L and 20 L bags, respectively. Income, age, sex, family size, and household status were the key determinants. Tenants were more willing to pay than homeowners. The PAYT system has a substantial additional revenue generation of 326 % compared to conventional fixed tariff structures and reduces the financial burden of waste financing for public entities. Innovative PAYT tariff structures are also expected to be an effective tool not only from a revenue generation perspective, but also as a financially motivated behavioral tool for waste segregation, reduction, and recycling for sustainable waste management in developing countries.

与传统方法相比，发展中国家的许多城市都在寻找以经济行为为基础的替代方法，如 "即扔即付"（PAYT）收费机制。本研究探讨了在尼泊尔加德满都引入基于单位的现收现付收费结构的决定因素和支付意愿（WTP）。研究引入了两种不同颜色、基于体积的可回收塑料袋（1 升和 20 升）废物收集系统，并使用或然估价法（CVM）尖峰模型对其可接受性进行了评估。对 401 个家庭的调查结果显示，公众愿意用付费系统取代现有的固定收费结构，每个 1 升和 20 升塑料袋的 WTP 值分别为 36.1 卢比和 42.14 卢比（0.28 美元和 0.32 美元）。收入、年龄、性别、家庭规模和家庭状况是决定因素。租户比房主更愿意付费。与传统的固定收费结构相比，"有偿使用 "系统可带来 326% 的可观额外收入，并减轻了公共实体在废物融资方面的财政负担。从创收的角度来看，创新的有偿使用收费结构也有望成为一种有效的工具，同时也可作为一种经济激励行为工具，促进发展中国家的废物分类、减量和回收，实现可持续废物管理。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative study of selected models simulating the settlement of municipal solid waste (MSW) with a focus on landfills in northern climates 对模拟城市固体废物（MSW）沉降的选定模型进行比较研究，重点是北方气候条件下的垃圾填埋场。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.024

Wameed Alghazali, Shawn Kenny, Paul J. Van Geel

Evaluating model parameters through laboratory experiments presents challenges due to waste heterogeneity and scale effects. This study investigates the settlement response of selected models using field-scale data collected from the filling and post-closure phases of the Ste. Sophie landfill in Canada. The first model was based on primary and secondary compression ratios, which could capture the overall settlement but ignored the effect of freezing temperatures on biodegradation-induced settlement. The second model was a composite model with a primary compression ratio, and rheological and first-order decay equations. The model failed to accurately simulate mechanical creep and account for the effect of freezing temperatures. A modified version, with mechanical creep expressed as a function of the applied stress, was proposed and showed improved settlement predictions. The third model was a Generalized Kelvin-Voigt (GKV) model with biodegradation-induced strain expressed as a function of waste expended energy. This model could simulate the field settlement by considering resistance to compressibility and effects of freezing temperatures. The final model was based on the Modified Cam-Clay (MCC) model. Several studies in the literature have extended the MCC yield surface by incorporating specific mechanical and biological creep models. In this study, a general procedure was proposed to integrate time-dependent strain into the MCC yield surface, irrespective of the mechanical and biological creep models used. The extended MCC model revealed an unrealistic increase in preconsolidation pressure, resulting in an initial elastoplastic response followed by a pure elastic response. It also provided a poor estimation of the field settlement.

由于垃圾的异质性和规模效应，通过实验室实验评估模型参数是一项挑战。本研究利用从加拿大斯蒂-索菲垃圾填埋场填埋和封场后阶段收集的现场规模数据，对选定模型的沉降响应进行了研究。第一个模型基于一级和二级压缩比，可以捕捉整体沉降，但忽略了冻结温度对生物降解引起的沉降的影响。第二个模型是一个复合模型，包含一级压缩比、流变方程和一阶衰变方程。该模型未能准确模拟机械蠕变，也未考虑冰冻温度的影响。后来提出了一个改进版本，将机械蠕变表示为外加应力的函数，对沉降的预测有所改进。第三个模型是广义开尔文-伏依格特（GKV）模型，生物降解引起的应变表示为废物消耗能量的函数。该模型可通过考虑抗压缩性和冻结温度的影响来模拟现场沉降。最后的模型基于修正的凸轮-粘土（MCC）模型。文献中的一些研究通过纳入特定的机械和生物蠕变模型，扩展了 MCC 产量面。本研究提出了一个通用程序，将随时间变化的应变整合到 MCC 屈服面中，而不论所使用的机械和生物蠕变模型。扩展的 MCC 模型显示，凝固前压力的增加不切实际，导致最初的弹塑性响应之后出现纯弹性响应。该模型对现场沉降的估计也不准确。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the non-linear effects of water and oil on hyperspectral imaging-based characterization of solid waste by hyperspectral unmixing 通过高光谱非混合法揭示水和油对基于高光谱成像的固体废物特征描述的非线性影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.011

Dong-Ying Lan , Pin-Jing He , Ya-Ping Qi , Fan Lü , Hua Zhang

Rapid characterization of solid waste using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) coupled with machine learning models has been increasingly investigated to replace the traditional time- and labor-intensive methods. However, contamination by waste-derived leachates or other fractions etc., can cause the spectra evolutions and significantly influences the identification performance, which has not been investigated before. The first attempt was made by using hyperspectral unmixing (HU) to extract the endmember components and demonstrate their contributions (abundance) to solid waste, taking the non-linear reflectance changes due to the O–H vibration of water and unclear variation associated with oil and leachates as an example. The HSI spectra of various solid waste components influenced by pure water, oil and three kinds of leachates were acquired. A novel method based on HU models, including multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares and state-of-the-art autoencoder architectures (deep learning models), was developed to estimate the spectra of endmembers as well as their abundances in individual pixel. Their spatial distribution overview in solid waste was then yielded. The selected models were validated via an independent test data set, with lower spectral angle distance, 12.3° ± 6.5°, indicating the similarity of the predicted endmembers with real components. And the lowest root of mean square error on endmember distribution maps was 0.17. The non-linear liquid’s effects by water and oil on spectra variations of solid waste were clearly illuminated. Additionally, the proposed method can extract information from mixed spectroscopic images and generate reconstructed spectra.

利用近红外高光谱成像（HSI）结合机器学习模型对固体废物进行快速表征的研究越来越多，以取代传统的费时费力的方法。然而，废物沥滤液或其他馏分等的污染会导致光谱演变，并严重影响识别性能，而这一问题此前尚未得到研究。以水的 O-H 振动引起的非线性反射率变化以及与油和沥滤液相关的不清晰变化为例，首次尝试使用高光谱非混合（HU）技术提取末端成员成分，并证明其对固体废物的贡献（丰度）。研究人员获取了受纯水、油和三种沥滤液影响的各种固体废物成分的 HSI 光谱。研究人员开发了一种基于 HU 模型的新方法，包括交替最小二乘法多变量曲线分辨率和最先进的自动编码器架构（深度学习模型），用于估算内含物的光谱及其在单个像素中的丰度。然后得出它们在固体废物中的空间分布概况。所选模型通过独立的测试数据集进行了验证，光谱角距离较低，为 12.3° ± 6.5°，表明预测的内含物与真实成分相似。内含物分布图的最小均方根误差为 0.17。水和油等非线性液体对固体废物光谱变化的影响清晰可见。此外，该方法还能从混合光谱图像中提取信息并生成重建光谱。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the emission and leaching behavior of characteristic heavy metals in sintered bricks prepared from oil-based drill cutting residues 油基钻削残渣制备的烧结砖中特征重金属的排放和浸出行为研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.026

Changhao Cui , Dahai Yan , Chao Chen , Meijia Liu , Li Li , Jian Wang

Oil-based drill cutting residues (OBDCR) are hazardous waste generated by the thermal desorption of oil-based drill cuttings. Recently, the utilization of OBDCR as building materials has attracted extensive attention, but the environmental risks during preparation and long-term usage remained unclear. In this study, OBDCR with a 40 % (wt./wt.) mixing ratio was used to prepare sintered bricks, and the emission and leaching behaviors of Ba, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Pb were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of OBDCR in bricks showed insignificant increase in the emission of Ba, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Cr, whereas the emission of Pb slight decreased from 10.5 to 8.6 μg/m³. The volatilization rates of these heavy metals were considerably low, with Ni showed the highest volatilization rate of only 1.45 % in OBDCR bricks. Moreover, the leaching behavior of Ba, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Pb in bricks were studied. The results indicated that surface wash-off was the main controlling leaching mechanism of Ba and Cr, whereas the leaching of Mn, Zn, Ni, and Pb was controlled by diffusion. The Elovich and second-order kinetic equation were identified as the leaching models for Mn, Zn, Pb, and Ni. The life-time leaching predictions of OBDCR bricks indicated that the leaching of Ni and Mn after 10 and 20 years of leaching were 0.1529, 0.257, 0.1530, and 0.274 mg/L, respectively, exceeding the relevant standards. Therefore, the leaching risks of Ni and Mn should be emphasized when using OBDCR bricks with a 40 % OBDCR mixing ratio.

油基钻屑残渣（OBDCR）是油基钻屑热解吸产生的危险废物。近来，将 OBDCR 用作建筑材料引起了广泛关注，但其在制备和长期使用过程中的环境风险仍不明确。本研究使用混合比为 40%（重量比/重量比）的 OBDCR 制备烧结砖，并研究了 Ba、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cr 和 Pb 的排放和浸出行为。结果表明，在烧结砖中添加 OBDCR 后，钡、锰、锌、镍和铬的排放量增加不明显，而铅的排放量则从 10.5 μg/m3 微降至 8.6 μg/m3。这些重金属的挥发率相当低，其中镍的挥发率最高，在 OBDCR 砖中仅为 1.45%。此外，还研究了砖、锰、锌、镍、铬和铅的浸出行为。结果表明，表面冲刷是控制钡和铬沥滤的主要机制，而锰、锌、镍和铅的沥滤则受扩散控制。埃洛维奇和二阶动力学方程被确定为锰、锌、铅和镍的浸出模型。OBDCR 砖的终生浸出预测结果表明，经过 10 年和 20 年浸出后，镍和锰的浸出量分别为 0.1529、0.257、0.1530 和 0.274 mg/L，超过了相关标准。因此，在使用 OBDCR 混合比为 40% 的 OBDCR 砖时，应重视镍和锰的浸出风险。

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