Waste management最新文献_第8页

A robust bilevel decision-making model for earthquake disaster waste management 地震灾害废弃物管理的稳健双层决策模型

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115311

Murat Yeşilkaya , Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee

Disaster waste management is known as an optimization problem that demands agile, resilient, and sustainable decision-making under rapidly changing and uncertain conditions. In this context, a bilevel optimization model for post-disaster waste management is developed based on the viability approach, explicitly incorporating agility, resilience, and sustainability considerations. In the proposed model, the public authority, acting as the leader, is responsible for the optimal selection of locations and the establishment of Temporary Disaster Waste Management Centers (TDWMCs). Simultaneously, the private sector, as the follower, undertakes waste transportation, separation, recycling, and disposal activities. Establishment costs and carbon emissions are considered at the upper level, while operational costs, recycling revenues, and carbon tax are accounted for at the lower level. The bilevel model is transformed into a single-level formulation using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, and uncertainty in waste generation is addressed through a robust optimization approach. The resulting model is applied to the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Türkiye to demonstrate its practical applicability. The results are analyzed, and sensitivity analyses are conducted with respect to the parameters of the viability approach. The findings indicate that the proposed model realistically captures multi-actor decision-making processes in disaster waste management and provides an effective decision-support tool under diverse policy scenarios.

灾害废物管理被认为是一个优化问题，需要在快速变化和不确定的条件下做出敏捷、有弹性和可持续的决策。在这种情况下，基于可行性方法开发了灾后废物管理的双层优化模型，明确地结合了敏捷性、弹性和可持续性考虑因素。在提出的模型中，公共当局作为领导者，负责选址的优化和临时灾害废物管理中心（TDWMCs）的建立。同时，私营部门作为跟随者，承担废物运输、分类、回收和处置活动。建立成本和碳排放在上层考虑，而运营成本、回收收入和碳税在下层考虑。利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker （KKT）条件将双层模型转化为单层公式，并通过鲁棒优化方法解决废物产生的不确定性。将所得模型应用于2023年2月6日发生在日本基耶地震，以验证其实际适用性。对结果进行了分析，并对可行性方法的参数进行了敏感性分析。研究结果表明，该模型真实地反映了灾害废物管理中的多参与者决策过程，并为不同政策情景下的决策提供了有效的决策支持工具。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics in solid waste streams: Research needs and gaps in research methodology 固体废物流中的微塑料：研究需求和研究方法的差距

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115297

Victoria C. Hoffmann, Olya S. Keen

Over the last decade, the presence of microplastics in municipal waste streams has become increasingly recognized as a significant environmental issue. While most studies have focused on liquid waste, specifically wastewater treatment plants, as a primary source of microplastic contamination, emerging research has begun to highlight solid waste systems. This review evaluates forty-six peer-reviewed studies reporting microplastic concentrations in landfill leachate, digestate from anaerobic digesters, composting facilities, and recycling operations. The concentrations of microplastics in these systems remain sparsely explored, and among available studies, methodological inconsistencies limit reproducibility and synthesis. The inconsistencies identified in this review included omitting essential sample processing steps, minimal reporting of detection limits for analytical instruments, and limited documentation of tactics for reducing inevitable laboratory contamination. These gaps highlight the importance of developing standardized methodologies and transparent reporting practices that account for sampling design, analytical sensitivities, and contamination control. This review synthesizes recent methodological trends, identifies key information to report, and proposes foundational elements for a more unified approach to microplastic analysis in solid waste streams.

在过去的十年中，城市垃圾流中微塑料的存在越来越被认为是一个重大的环境问题。虽然大多数研究都集中在液体废物，特别是废水处理厂，作为微塑料污染的主要来源，但新兴研究已经开始强调固体废物系统。本综述评估了46项同行评议的研究，这些研究报告了垃圾填埋场渗滤液、厌氧消化池的消化液、堆肥设施和回收操作中的微塑料浓度。这些系统中微塑料的浓度仍然很少被探索，在现有的研究中，方法上的不一致限制了再现性和合成。审查中发现的不一致包括省略必要的样品处理步骤，对分析仪器检测限的最低报告，以及减少不可避免的实验室污染的策略的有限文件。这些差距突出了开发标准化方法和透明报告实践的重要性，这些方法和实践考虑到抽样设计、分析灵敏度和污染控制。本综述综合了最近的方法趋势，确定了要报告的关键信息，并提出了固体废物流中微塑料分析的更统一方法的基本要素。

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引用次数: 0

Recycling strategies for plastics in end-of-life vehicles: a complete overview 报废车辆塑料回收策略：完整概述

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115307

Friso G. Versteeg , Ruben J. de Korte , Sphurti P. Kulkarni , Georgios Stefanidis , Kevin M. Van Geem

As the global number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) surges, so does the urgency to address the mounting challenge of sustainable waste management. Plastics, which make up 10–15% of a vehicle’s mass, are at the center of this challenge. Historically, these materials, especially single-polymer components, have been incinerated, landfilled, or indiscriminately shredded into automotive shredder residue (ASR). With increasingly stringent EU regulations and rising public demand for circularity, such environmentally burdensome practices are no longer tenable. This review casts a spotlight on the overlooked potential of ELV plastics, offering a comprehensive analysis of current recycling approaches and emerging innovations. Polymer-specific strategies are explored to transform waste into value, unlocking new circular pathways for both thermoplastics and thermosets. Mechanical recycling, despite limitations from contamination, additive complexity, and polymer degradation, remains the most viable and scalable route for common thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide. More complex materials, such as thermoset polyurethanes or epoxy resins, require advanced chemical processes including glycolysis and acidolysis. Innovative methods, such as solvent-based separation and pyrolysis, are gaining traction, offering monomer recovery and material upcycling. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) provide critical insights into the environmental trade-offs between recycling, incineration, and landfill, reinforcing the need for smarter, greener systems. By embracing polymer-specific recycling strategies, and investing in next-generation sorting, closed-loop systems, and supportive policies, the automotive industry can move beyond incremental change. Large-scale, economically feasible ELV plastic recovery is not only possible, it is imperative for a truly circular automotive future.

随着全球报废车辆（elv）数量的激增，解决可持续废物管理日益严峻的挑战的紧迫性也在增加。塑料占汽车重量的10-15%，是这一挑战的核心。从历史上看，这些材料，特别是单聚合物组件，已经被焚烧，填埋，或不加选择地粉碎成汽车碎纸机残渣（ASR）。随着欧盟法规的日益严格和公众对循环的需求不断上升，这种环境负担的做法不再站得住脚。这篇综述聚焦于ELV塑料被忽视的潜力，对当前的回收方法和新兴创新进行了全面分析。探索聚合物特定策略，将废物转化为价值，为热塑性塑料和热固性塑料打开新的循环途径。尽管受到污染、添加剂复杂性和聚合物降解的限制，机械回收仍然是常见热塑性塑料（如聚丙烯、聚乙烯和聚酰胺）最可行和可扩展的途径。更复杂的材料，如热固性聚氨酯或环氧树脂，需要先进的化学工艺，包括糖酵解和酸解。创新的方法，如溶剂基分离和热解，正在获得动力，提供单体回收和材料升级循环。生命周期评估（lca）为回收、焚烧和填埋之间的环境权衡提供了重要见解，加强了对更智能、更环保系统的需求。通过采用针对聚合物的回收策略，并投资于下一代分类、闭环系统和支持性政策，汽车行业可以超越增量变化。大规模、经济可行的电动汽车塑料回收不仅是可能的，而且对于真正的循环汽车未来来说是势在必行的。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ potassium hydroxide catalysis improves bio-oil composition and bone-char quality during pyrolysis of chicken meat-bone waste 原位氢氧化钾催化改善了鸡肉废骨热解过程中生物油组成和骨炭质量

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115299

Altyn Taisheva , Petr Doležal , Leidy Marcela Ulloa-Murillo , Václav Tejnecký , Jiřina Száková , Pavel Tlustoš , Filip Mercl

The poultry industry generates significant amounts of chicken meat-bone waste (MBW). This study analysed the MBW pyrolysis products and evaluated the effects of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. Both untreated and KOH-impregnated MBW were pyrolysed at 400–800 °C. KOH addition increased biochar and gas yields but reduced bio-oil yield, and significantly improved bio-oil quality by reducing the yield of oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds. At 500 °C, KOH addition reduced the production of oxygenated compounds, mostly acids, in bio-oil by 85 % compared to non-catalysed pyrolysis. It also enhanced diesel-range hydrocarbons (C₁₀-C₁₉) production by 40 % and decreased production of monoaromatic hydrocarbons of the gasoline-range (C₅ – C₁₂). Bone chars were alkaline and rich in phosphorus (8–14 wt%), potassium (1–13 wt%), and calcium (15–19 wt%), with phosphorus contents comparable to or exceeding rock phosphate and single superphosphate fertilisers. KOH catalyst further enhanced water-soluble contents of P (15-fold) and K (20-fold). These findings highlight the potential of KOH-impregnated MBW pyrolysis for sustainable waste management and high-value biochar and bio-oil production.

家禽业产生大量的鸡肉骨头废物（MBW）。本研究分析了MBW热解产物，并评价了氢氧化钾作为催化剂的效果。未处理和koh浸渍的MBW在400-800℃下进行热解。添加KOH提高了生物炭和生物气的产率，但降低了生物油的产率，并通过降低含氧化合物和含氮化合物的产率显著改善了生物油的质量。在500°C时，与非催化热解相比，KOH的加入使生物油中含氧化合物（主要是酸）的产量降低了85%。它还将柴油范围内的碳氢化合物（C10-C19）的产量提高了40%，并减少了汽油范围内的单芳烃（C5 - C12）的产量。骨炭呈碱性，富含磷（8-14 wt%）、钾（1-13 wt%）和钙（15-19 wt%），磷含量与磷矿肥和单一过磷酸钙相当或超过。KOH催化剂进一步提高了P（15倍）和K（20倍）的水溶性含量。这些发现突出了氢氧化钾浸渍MBW热解在可持续废物管理和高价值生物炭和生物油生产方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an optimization genetic algorithm method for estimating municipal solid waste composition 城市生活垃圾组成估算的优化遗传算法研究。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115310

Mohsen Banifateme , Peyman Zaroorian , Ali Behbahaninia , Gloria Pignatta

The accurate estimation of municipal solid waste composition is crucial for effective waste management and resource recovery. Conventional approaches rely on direct sampling, which is both time-consuming and costly. This study presents an accurate and stable Genetic algorithm-based inverse method for estimating municipal solid waste composition without sampling. The method estimates municipal solid waste composition from measurable parameters, including flue gas, working fluid, ash, and leachate, using a genetic algorithm for accurate and stable estimation without physical sampling. The method’s accuracy and stability are validated through numerical simulation experiments involving five distinct municipal solid waste compositions. Data from direct problem simulations, perturbed by random errors, serve as inputs for the genetic algorithm-based inverse solution. Results indicate that the inverse solution is stable. Results indicate that the inverse solution is stable and accurately reproduces the average composition of the five municipal solid waste samples used in the direct method. The results reveal that the estimated composition of municipal solid waste closely matches actual values, demonstrating the feasibility of this genetic algorithm-based approach. The modified methodology is employed at the Aradkooh waste-to-energy power plant in Tehran, Iran. The findings from the Aradkooh power station indicate that the carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, moisture, and ash content of municipal solid waste are 27.14, 33.29, 3.16, 0.3, 15.41, and 20.21 percent, respectively. The novelty of this study lies in stabilizing the inverse problem by increasing the number of equations. As a result, the solution achieves higher accuracy and lower estimation errors compared to previous studies.

准确估算城市生活垃圾组成对有效管理和资源回收至关重要。传统的方法依赖于直接抽样，这既耗时又昂贵。提出了一种基于遗传算法的不采样、准确稳定的城市生活垃圾成分反演方法。该方法根据可测量的参数（包括烟气、工作液、灰分和渗滤液）估计城市固体废物的组成，使用遗传算法进行准确和稳定的估计，而无需物理采样。通过五种不同城市生活垃圾组成的数值模拟实验，验证了该方法的准确性和稳定性。来自直接问题模拟的数据，受到随机误差的干扰，作为基于遗传算法的反解的输入。结果表明，反解是稳定的。结果表明，反解稳定，能准确再现直接法中5种城市生活垃圾样品的平均成分。结果表明，估算的城市生活垃圾成分与实际值接近，证明了基于遗传算法的方法的可行性。伊朗德黑兰的Aradkooh废物转化能源发电厂采用了这种改进的方法。Aradkooh电厂的研究结果表明，城市生活垃圾的碳、氧、氢、硫、水分和灰分含量分别为27.14%、33.29%、3.16%、0.3%、15.41%和20.21%。本研究的新颖之处在于通过增加方程数来稳定逆问题。结果表明，与以往的研究相比，该方法具有更高的精度和更小的估计误差。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing upcycling of waste bioplastics for production of sustainable carbon black substitute 评估废弃生物塑料的升级回收，以生产可持续的炭黑替代品。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115308

Lukasz Niedzwiecki , Luca Fambri , Filippo Marchelli , Anna Pajdak , Marco Calvi , Luca Fiori

Carbon black is a product with multiple applications, including use as an additive for tyres or plastics, as well as ink or toner. Current methods of carbon black production are based on incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, followed by quenching, resulting in a high carbon footprint and related emissions. Even though unintended, biodegradable bioplastics at the end of life still pose problems to waste management plants. Most notably, the time required for bioplastics to biodegrade is longer than the typical residence time in state-of-the-art processes, such as anaerobic digestion and composting. This causes incomplete degradation and reduces the efficiency of waste treatment facilities. This work provides an experimental evaluation of a novel method of production of carbon black, using bioplastic waste (namely, cellulose acetate) as a feedstock. The proposed system consists of hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) and subsequent pyrolysis of separated solid products. The novel product exhibits morphology and structure similar to commercial carbon black and high thermal stability. BET surface area as high as 175 m²/g can be achieved by combining hydrothermal carbonisation performed at 250 °C followed by pyrolysis at 600 °C. Further increase in pyrolysis temperature provided no additional benefits and resulted in collapse of the pores within the mesoporous range, with detrimental influence on BET surface and pore volume.

炭黑是一种具有多种用途的产品，包括用作轮胎或塑料的添加剂，以及油墨或碳粉。目前的炭黑生产方法是基于化石燃料的不完全燃烧，然后淬火，导致高碳足迹和相关排放。即使是无意的，生物可降解的生物塑料在使用寿命结束时仍然会给废物管理工厂带来问题。最值得注意的是，生物塑料生物降解所需的时间比厌氧消化和堆肥等最先进工艺的典型停留时间要长。这导致不完全降解，降低了废物处理设施的效率。这项工作提供了一种生产炭黑的新方法的实验评估，使用生物塑料废物（即醋酸纤维素）作为原料。该系统由水热碳化（HTC）和随后的分离固体产物热解组成。该新产品具有与商品炭黑相似的形态和结构，具有较高的热稳定性。通过250℃水热碳化和600℃热解相结合，BET表面积可高达175 m2/g。进一步提高热解温度没有额外的好处，导致介孔范围内的孔隙坍塌，对BET表面和孔隙体积产生不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon emission reduction through major e-waste recycling in China: Comprehensive assessment and trend analysis 中国主要电子垃圾回收的碳减排：综合评价与趋势分析

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115309

Min Shang , Yi Liu , Haisha Liu , Zhijuan Yang , Jingying Liu , Jing Chen , Jingjing Zhang , Hongji Luo , Yuan Cai , Yu Cai , Ying Chen , Min Liu

Resource recycling effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions from raw material extraction, thereby playing a crucial role in carbon emission reduction. This study adopted carbon footprint evaluation and emission factor methods to establish an approach and accounting model for carbon emission reduction from e-waste. The carbon emission reduction potential and characteristics of e-waste in China over the past decade were explored. The results indicated that from 2013 to 2022, the carbon emissions from e-waste recycling amounted to 1.459 × 10⁴ kiloton (Kt), the baseline emissions and avoided carbon emissions reached 6.932 × 10⁴ Kt, and the carbon emission reductions were 5.473 × 10⁴ Kt. In 2022, the average carbon emission reduction factor for standardized e-waste recycling was 2.865 tCO₂eq/t. The recycling of refrigerants, circuit boards, and metals was the main source of carbon emission reduction, contributing 40.7 %, 33.0 %, and 18.3 % of the total, respectively. Therefore, developing e-waste carbon emission reduction projects, and improving standardized e-waste recycling and disposal systems can effectively promote resource recycling and green development.

资源回收有效地减少了原料开采过程中的温室气体排放，对碳减排起到了至关重要的作用。本研究采用碳足迹评价和排放因子法，建立了电子垃圾碳减排的方法和核算模型。探讨了近十年来中国电子垃圾的碳减排潜力和特点。结果表明，2013 - 2022年，电子垃圾回收碳排放量为1.459 × 104千吨Kt，基线排放量和避免排放量为6.932 × 104千吨Kt，碳减排量为5.473 × 104千吨Kt。2022年，标准化电子垃圾回收的平均碳减排系数为2.865 tCO2eq/t。制冷剂、线路板和金属回收是碳减排的主要来源，分别占减排总量的40.7%、33.0%和18.3%。因此，发展电子垃圾碳减排项目，完善规范的电子垃圾回收处理体系，可以有效促进资源循环利用和绿色发展。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-enhanced carbothermal reduction for efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries 微波增强型碳热还原从废锂离子电池中有效回收有价金属。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115295

Gui-Rong Zhang , Da-Shuai Li , Xing-Yu Huang , Yuan-Long Liu , Yan-Qing Cheng , Ling Tong

In conventional recycling processes for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the black mass (BM) of spent LIBs is typically subjected to high-temperature treatment, followed by leaching of valuable metals using strong acids or alkalis. However, these processes are energy-intensive, environmentally detrimental, and costly. Herein, we proposed a microwave-enhanced carbothermal reduction (MECTR) method characterized by a rapid heating rate and high heating efficiency. Under microwave irradiation at approximately 20 W, the temperature of the BM was elevated to 545 °C, and LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) was completely decomposed within 10 min. Subsequently, lithium was selectively extracted via simple water leaching at room temperature, achieving a leaching efficiency of 96.07 %. Nickel, cobalt, and manganese were effectively leached using a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution at 60 °C, with leaching efficiencies of 98.01 %, 98.53 %, and 99.50 %, respectively. In addition, the particle morphology and elemental distribution of the BM before and after microwave heating and water leaching were investigated using SEM-EDS, and the formation and leaching behavior of lithium carbonate were analyzed. This strategy, with significant advantages in terms of recovery efficiency, processing time, and energy consumption, provides a promising and sustainable alternative for the recycling of spent LIBs.

在废锂离子电池（lib）的传统回收过程中，废锂离子电池的黑色物质（BM）通常经过高温处理，然后使用强酸或强碱浸出有价值的金属。然而，这些过程是能源密集型的，对环境有害，而且成本高昂。本文提出了一种加热速度快、加热效率高的微波增强碳热还原（MECTR）方法。在大约20 W的微波照射下，BM的温度升高到545℃，LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 （NCM811）在10 min内完全分解。随后，采用室温简单水浸法选择性提取锂，浸出率为96.07%。采用0.5 M硫酸溶液在60℃条件下有效浸出镍、钴和锰，浸出效率分别为98.01%、98.53%和99.50%。此外，利用SEM-EDS研究了微波加热和水浸前后BM的颗粒形态和元素分布，并分析了碳酸锂的形成和浸出行为。该策略在回收效率、处理时间和能源消耗方面具有显著优势，为废lib的回收提供了一种有前途的可持续替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

A waste-free segmented roasting strategy for sustainable recovery of critical metals from spent Indium-Gallium-Zinc oxide 从废铟镓锌氧化物中可持续回收关键金属的无废分段焙烧策略。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115304

Xuan He , Baozhong Ma , Yubo Liu , Xiang Li , Zhihe Cao , Hui Yang , Chengyan Wang

The growing volume of spent Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide (IGZO) from optoelectronic waste presents both a resource opportunity and an environmental challenge due to the acidic effluent generated by conventional recycling. This study introduces a waste-free segmented roasting strategy to sustainably recover critical metals (In, Ga, Zn) while minimizing secondary pollution. The reduction mechanism reveals that IGZO decomposes at 1000 °C into ZnGa₂O₄, In₂O₃, and volatile Zn. Subsequent acid leaching recovers In, while a second roast at 1100 °C decomposes ZnGa₂O₄ to recover Zn and enrich Ga₂O₃ in the residue. This approach reduces acid and water consumption by > 95 %, virtually eliminating acidic wastewater. The process achieves high recovery rates (∼97 % Zn, ∼93 % In, >98 % Ga) and enables CO off-gas capture, offering an efficient and eco-friendly alternative to hydrometallurgical routes for IGZO recycling.

光电子废弃物中产生的氧化铟镓锌（IGZO）废料的数量不断增加，这既是一种资源机遇，也是一种环境挑战，因为传统回收会产生酸性废水。本研究介绍了一种无废分段焙烧策略，以可持续地回收关键金属（In, Ga, Zn），同时最大限度地减少二次污染。还原机理表明，IGZO在1000℃时分解为ZnGa2O4、In2O3和挥发性Zn。后续酸浸回收铟，1100℃二次焙烧分解ZnGa2O4，回收锌，富集渣中的Ga2O3。这种方法减少了95%的酸和水的消耗，几乎消除了酸性废水。该工艺实现了高回收率（~ 97% Zn, ~ 93% In, > 98% Ga），并实现了CO废气捕获，为IGZO回收提供了一种高效且环保的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Waste-to-energy: Kinetic and carbonation-decarbonation studies of solar calcined eggshells and their application as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of brewer’s spent grain 废物转化能源：太阳能焙烧蛋壳的动力学和碳化脱碳研究及其在啤酒废粮热解中的催化应用。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115301

Grazielle Emanuella de Souza dos Santos, Cassiano Cunha Oliveira, Dayana D’Arc de Fátima Palhares, Marcos Antonio de Souza Barrozo, Luiz Gustavo Martins Vieira, Carla Eponina Hori

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was subjected to pyrolysis using calcium oxide (CaO) derived from eggshells calcined via concentrated solar energy (Fresnel lens), offering an environmentally benign and low-carbon route for catalyst synthesis. A kinetic study using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods determined the activation energy ranging from 284 kJ/mol for BSG to 176 kJ/mol for BSG/EG, indicating that CaO reduces the energy barrier for thermal decomposition. CO₂ capture performance of calcined eggshells was evaluated through multiple carbonation-regeneration cycles, showing reduced sorption capacity, mainly due to the sintering effect, yet maintaining acceptable cyclic stability for reuse. Despite having lower efficiency than commercial CaO, eggshell-derived material represents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for CO₂ mitigation and catalytic applications. Central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the influence of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst loading on vapor composition. Highest hydrocarbon yields (∼50 %) were obtained at temperatures of 750 and 791 °C, using catalyst mass fractions of 74 % and 50 %, respectively. Lower relative yields occurred at 501 °C or the lowest catalyst loading amount (16 %). Catalytic tests at 550 °C produced similar hydrocarbon profiles to non-catalytic tests at 750 °C, indicating that the catalyst reduced the activation energy of the reaction. Increasing temperature and catalyst loading promoted deoxygenation, reducing multi-oxygenated compounds and enriching mono-oxygenated species, upgrading vapor quality. Overall, integrating solar-driven calcination with catalytic pyrolysis establishes a closed-loop waste-to-energy route that converts BSG into hydrocarbon-rich products while recycling eggshell waste into multifunctional CaO, advancing the circular economy and sustainable energy generation.

利用聚光太阳能（菲涅尔透镜）煅烧蛋壳提取的氧化钙（CaO）对Brewer’s spent grain （BSG）进行热解，为催化剂合成提供了一种环保和低碳的途径。采用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose （KAS）和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa （FWO）方法进行动力学研究，确定了BSG的活化能在284 kJ/mol至176 kJ/mol之间，表明CaO降低了热分解的能垒。通过多次碳化-再生循环对煅烧蛋壳的CO2捕获性能进行了评估，结果显示，主要由于烧结效应，吸附能力降低，但仍保持可接受的循环稳定性，可以重复使用。尽管蛋壳衍生材料的效率低于商用CaO，但它代表了一种可持续的、具有成本效益的二氧化碳减排和催化应用战略。采用中心复合设计（CCD）评价热解温度和催化剂负载对汽相组成的影响。在750°C和791°C的温度下，催化剂质量分数分别为74%和50%，获得了最高的碳氢化合物收率（~ 50%）。在501°C或最低催化剂负载量（16%）时，相对产率较低。在550°C下进行的催化试验与在750°C下进行的非催化试验产生的碳氢化合物剖面相似，表明催化剂降低了反应的活化能。提高温度和催化剂负载促进了脱氧，减少了多氧化合物，丰富了单氧物质，改善了蒸汽质量。总的来说，将太阳能驱动煅烧与催化热解相结合，建立了一条将BSG转化为富含碳氢化合物的产品，同时将蛋壳废弃物转化为多功能CaO的闭环废物转化能源路线，促进了循环经济和可持续能源的产生。

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引用次数: 0