Waste management最新文献_第8页

Transforming coal washery rejects into carbon nanomaterials via microwave pyrolysis for waste to value conversion 利用微波热解技术将洗煤厂废弃物转化为纳米碳材料，实现废值转化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115319

Burada Shravani , Navneet Kumar Mishra , Shavi Agrawal , Anurag Shakya , B.Rajasekhar Reddy , Raj Kumar Dishwar

This study presents a sustainable approach for converting coal washery rejects into high-value carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) using microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis. Initial characterization of the raw coal tailings revealed a high fixed carbon content (40.27 wt%) and calorific value (20.4 MJ/Kg). Through beneficiation techniques such as froth flotation and oil agglomeration, the carbon content was enhanced to 73.97 – 75.93 wt% with an increased calorific value of 27.2 – 30.7 MJ/Kg. The cleaned coal concentrate was subjected to microwave pyrolysis in the presence of Fe-based catalysts. Under optimized conditions (810 W microwave power, 45 µm catalyst particle size, and 2:1 coal-to-catalyst ratio), the process resulted in a 66.5 % yield of carbon nanomaterials with up to 80 % purity. Varying these parameters influenced the morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials, producing carbon nanotubes with an average length of 1.41 µm and diameter of 80.22 nm. Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed an I_D/I_G ratio ∼ 1 for the optimized samples, indicating a high degree of graphitization, while XRD confirmed the presence of crystalline graphite (0 0 2) planes at 2theta ∼ 26°. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of transforming high-ash coal waste into functional carbon nanostructures via a controlled microwave-heating route.

本研究提出了一种利用微波辅助催化热解将洗煤厂废弃物转化为高价值碳纳米材料（CNMs）的可持续方法。原煤尾矿的初步表征表明，其固定碳含量高（40.27 wt%），热值高（20.4 MJ/Kg）。通过泡沫浮选、油团聚等选矿工艺，使矿石含碳量提高到73.97 ~ 75.93 wt%，发热量提高27.2 ~ 30.7 MJ/Kg。将精煤精矿在铁基催化剂存在下进行微波热解。在优化条件下（810 W微波功率，45µm催化剂粒度，2:1煤催化剂比），该工艺的碳纳米材料收率为66.5%，纯度高达80%。改变这些参数会影响合成的纳米材料的形貌，得到的碳纳米管平均长度为1.41µm，直径为80.22 nm。拉曼光谱分析显示，优化样品的ID/IG比为1，表明石墨化程度高，而XRD证实在2 θ ~ 26°处存在结晶石墨（0 0 2）面。这些发现证明了通过可控微波加热途径将高灰分煤矸石转化为功能碳纳米结构的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term leachability and stabilization of lead and cadmium co-contaminated soils using hydroxyapatite-modified drinking water treated sludge 羟基磷灰石改性饮用水处理污泥对铅镉共污染土壤的长期浸出性和稳定性研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115320

Zijun Ye , Haonan Cong , Fei Wang , Benyi Cao

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) modified drinking water treated sludge (DWTS) was developed for the remediation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) co-contaminated soils, thereby simultaneously achieving the dual objectives of solid waste management and contaminated site remediation. However, long-term leachability and stabilization of Pb and Cd co-contaminated soils under environmental exposure were not very clear. In this work, batch stabilization tests, freeze–thaw cycles, soil column leaching test, and wet-dry cycles were conducted. The results showed that HAP and DWTS mixed at a mass ratio of 2:1 (2H‑DWTS) and applied at 5 % (w/w) with 14 days of incubation stabilized the leaching concentrations of Pb and Cd at 0.05 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L, respectively. 2H‑DWTS stabilized Pb and Cd through dissolution-precipitation, cation exchange, and adsorption/complexation, resulting in the formation of insoluble phosphates, carbonates, and hydroxides. The 2H‑DWTS treated soil showed strong resistance to freeze-thaw‑induced deterioration, with Pb and Cd leaching concentrations increasing by only 0.09 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L, respectively, after 12 cycles. In the soil column leaching tests, 2H‑DWTS reduced the cumulative leaching of Pb and Cd by 28.7 % and 26.5 %, respectively, under CaCl₂ solution, and by 24.6 % and 47.3 %, respectively, under simulated acid rain. Wet-dry cycles combined with CaCl₂/simulated acid rain aging decreased the leaching concentrations in each cycle but led to an increase in the cumulative leaching concentrations. This study not only provides new insights into the management of DWTS but also lays a theoretical foundation for the application of H-DWTS composites in the remediation of Pb and Cd co-contaminated soils.

羟基磷灰石（HAP）改性饮用水处理污泥（DWTS）用于铅镉共污染土壤的修复，从而同时实现固体废物管理和污染场地修复的双重目标。但环境暴露下铅镉共污染土壤的长期淋滤性和稳定性尚不清楚。进行了批量稳定试验、冻融循环试验、土柱淋溶试验和干湿循环试验。结果表明，HAP与DWTS以2:1的质量比（2H - DWTS）混合，以5% （w/w）的剂量施用，培养14 d后，Pb和Cd的浸出浓度分别稳定在0.05 mg/L和0.10 mg/L。2H - DWTS通过溶解沉淀、阳离子交换和吸附/络合作用稳定Pb和Cd，形成不溶性磷酸盐、碳酸盐和氢氧化物。2H - DWTS处理土壤表现出较强的抗冻融劣化能力，经过12个循环后，Pb和Cd浸出浓度分别仅增加0.09 mg/L和0.03 mg/L。在土壤柱淋滤试验中，2H - DWTS在CaCl2溶液下使Pb和Cd的累积淋滤分别减少28.7%和26.5%，在模拟酸雨下分别减少24.6%和47.3%。干湿循环联合CaCl2/模拟酸雨老化使各循环的淋溶浓度降低，但导致累积淋溶浓度升高。本研究不仅为DWTS的治理提供了新的思路，也为H-DWTS复合材料在铅镉共污染土壤修复中的应用奠定了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Does human excreta fertilization increase pathogen contamination in sandy soils? 人类排泄物施肥会增加沙质土壤中的病原体污染吗？

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115314

Jan-Ole Boness , Timo Kautz , Bärbel Kroschewski , Roland Hoffmann-Bahnsen

The use of human excreta in the context of the circular economy has the potential to recycle nutrients, save water and energy, and sequester carbon. However, the risk of pathogen contamination of soil and crops, particularly from land application of solid human excreta (feces), is a realistic scenario. In our study we investigated a double thermophilically treated and quality assured compost (Hygienized Human Feces Compost). We used indicator organisms for fecal contamination to monitor the risk of pathogen contamination of the soil after application of human feces compost. Indicator organisms were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium perfringens. One pot experiment under semi-controlled conditions and three on-farm experiments were conducted on loamy sand and sand soils. The experimental period ranged from 58 to 1123 days. The levels of fecal indicator organisms in soil show a consistent pattern across all experiments. E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Enterococcus spp. were not detected in any of the soil samples. C. perfringens was found in concentrations ranging from <10 to 10³ CFU g⁻¹ FM. However, there was no evidence of a systematic increase in the soil concentrations of C. perfringens following human feces compost application. In different years and under different experimental conditions, we were not able to detect any increase in the concentration of indicator organisms for fecal contamination in our experiments. We therefore assume that sandy soils might be generally suitable for application of quality-assured fertilizers from human excreta.

在循环经济的背景下，利用人类排泄物具有回收养分、节约水和能源以及固碳的潜力。然而，病原体污染土壤和作物的风险，特别是由于固体人类排泄物（粪便）的土地施用，是一个现实的情况。在我们的研究中，我们调查了一种双重嗜热处理和质量保证的堆肥（卫生人类粪便堆肥）。采用粪便污染指示生物法监测施用人粪堆肥后土壤病原菌污染风险。指示生物为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、肠球菌和产气荚膜梭菌。在壤土和沙土上进行了1个半控制盆栽试验和3个田间试验。试验期为58 ~ 1123 d。在所有实验中，土壤中粪便指示生物的水平显示出一致的模式。土壤样品中未检出大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和肠球菌。产气荚膜梭菌的浓度范围为10 ~ 103 CFU g−1 FM。然而，没有证据表明施用人类粪便堆肥后土壤中产气荚膜荚膜梭菌浓度有系统的增加。在不同的年份和不同的实验条件下，我们在实验中没有发现粪便污染指示生物浓度的增加。因此，我们假设沙质土壤可能一般适用于施用有质量保证的人类排泄物肥料。

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引用次数: 0

New model of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash treatment and its comprehensive benefits 城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处理新模式及其综合效益

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115318

Chujie Qi , Runhao Zhang , Wenxiang Zhou , Tong Zhang , Xueqi Zhang , Jiaxin Bai , Yuqi Zhao , Bo Bian

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA), characterized by high concentrations of chlorides, heavy metals, and dioxins, presents significant environmental challenges. This study developed a synergistic washing-hydrothermal oxidation process for safe resource recovery. Optimized three-stage countercurrent washing (L/S ratio of 4 mL/g, 750 rpm, 25 °C, 20 min) yielded 79.86% chloride removal efficiency, meeting the 2% residual chloride threshold. Subsequent hydrothermal treatment (300 °C, 90 min, pH 7.0, L/S ratio of 4 mL/g) enhanced residual metal fractions (Cu: +36.32%, Zn: +40.61%, Cd: +38.81%) versus washed ash, with leached concentrations complying with GB 8978–1996. Dioxin toxicity equivalence was reduced by 99.7% (1.87 μg-TEQ/kg to 5.4 ng-TEQ/kg), far below the 50 ng-TEQ/kg regulatory limit. Life cycle assessment confirmed superior environmental performance over landfilling, particularly in heavy metal emissions and human toxicity mitigation. Risk analysis validated effective leached metal toxicity reduction. Carbon accounting bounded by the resource-based production of ceramic pellets from treated fly ash demonstrates a double offset: substitution of carbon-intensive building materials with enhanced carbon sequestration for net life-cycle carbon reductions. Economic projections indicate USD 363 million revenue potential by 2030. Thus, the synergistic washing-hydrothermal oxidation process developed herein enables efficient dechlorination, heavy metal stabilization, and deep dioxin degradation in MSWI FA. This integrated approach delivers significant environmental, carbon-reduction, and economic benefits, enabling viable fly ash resource utilization.

城市固体废物焚烧飞灰（MSWI FA）的特点是高浓度的氯化物、重金属和二恶英，给环境带来了重大挑战。本研究开发了一种安全回收资源的水洗-水热氧化协同工艺。优化后的三级逆流洗涤（L/S比为4 mL/g， 750 rpm, 25℃，20 min）氯离子去除率为79.86%，达到2%的残留氯离子阈值。随后的水热处理（300°C, 90 min, pH 7.0， L/S比为4 mL/g）比水洗灰提高了残余金属组分（Cu: +36.32%, Zn: +40.61%, Cd: +38.81%），浸出浓度符合GB 8978-1996。二恶英毒性当量降低了99.7% (1.87 μg-TEQ/kg降至5.4 ng-TEQ/kg)，远低于50 ng-TEQ/kg的法规限值。生命周期评估证实，环境绩效优于填埋，特别是在重金属排放和减轻人类毒性方面。风险分析验证了有效降低浸出金属毒性。从处理过的粉煤灰中以资源为基础生产陶瓷颗粒的碳核算表明了双重抵消：用增强碳固存的碳密集型建筑材料替代净生命周期碳减排。经济预测显示，到2030年，收入潜力为3.63亿美元。因此，本文开发的协同洗涤-水热氧化工艺能够在MSWI FA中高效脱氯、稳定重金属和深度二恶英降解。这种综合方法提供了显著的环境、碳减排和经济效益，使可行的粉煤灰资源利用成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Man made vitreous fibres: legislative and analytical background review 人造玻璃纤维：立法和分析背景审查。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115303

Sergio Malinconico , Giuseppe Bonifazi , Giuseppe Capobianco , Silvia Serranti , Ursula Grunwald-Romera , Sergio Bellagamba , Paolo De Simone , Federica Paglietti

Man-Made Vitreous Fibres (MMVFs) are essential materials for the construction and industrial areas, but their potential health risks and waste management complexities present significant challenges. This review uses the European Union as a case study to analyze the two primary issues: occupational health hazard assessment and waste stream management. We found that despite a mature regulatory framework, a lack of harmonized standards across Europe leads to inconsistencies in worker protection and waste classification. The review highlights the continued dominance of traditional, often slow, analytical methods for fibre identification and risk assessment, which conflicts with the need for rapid, on-site decision-making. We explore the potential of advanced analytical techniques (e.g. HIS, XRF) to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we conclude that regulatory fragmentation is a major barrier to the circular economy, hindering the effective recycling of MMVF waste. This study underscores the urgent need for updated, standardized European policies to ensure both worker safety and sustainable waste management.

人造玻璃纤维（MMVFs）是建筑和工业领域必不可少的材料，但其潜在的健康风险和废物管理的复杂性带来了重大挑战。本审查以欧洲联盟为个案研究，分析两个主要问题：职业健康危害评估和废物流管理。我们发现，尽管有成熟的监管框架，但整个欧洲缺乏统一的标准，导致工人保护和废物分类不一致。该审查强调了传统的、通常是缓慢的纤维识别和风险评估分析方法继续占主导地位，这与快速、现场决策的需要相冲突。我们探索先进分析技术（如HIS， XRF）的潜力来克服这些限制。此外，我们得出结论，监管碎片化是循环经济的主要障碍，阻碍了MMVF废物的有效回收。这项研究强调，迫切需要制定最新的、标准化的欧洲政策，以确保工人安全和可持续的废物管理。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of temperature and material thickness on the diffusion properties of bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) in waste containment systems 温度和材料厚度对沥青土工膜在垃圾围护系统中扩散性能的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115298

A.M. Arif , F.B. Abdelaal

The diffusion behaviour of four elastomeric bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) from two manufacturers and with different thicknesses is investigated to assess the effects of temperature, thickness, and formulation on their performance as diffusive barriers for solid waste containment applications. All BGMs examined had a 0.012 mm anti-root polyester (PET) film at their bottom surfaces. Diffusion tests are conducted on the as-received BGMs and the BGM components (the isolated PET film, and a modified BGM sample obtained by removing the PET film from the as-received material) at 24 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C. The diffusion parameters inferred at the three test temperatures were used to generate theoretical concentration profiles, which closely matched the experimental data, thereby validating the use of a two-layer modelling approach that treats BGMs as a multilayer composite material. Results demonstrated a clear increase in the diffusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with temperature through the as-received BGM and its different components, with the PET film providing the main resistance to VOC migration. Additionally, it is shown that thicker BGMs exhibited longer times to equilibrium, consistent with a reduced rate of permeation resulting from extended diffusion pathways. However, BGMs from the same manufacturer exhibited comparable diffusion parameters regardless of thickness. These findings highlight the need for material-specific composition testing in diffusive performance assessments. They also show the key role of temperature and the PET film in controlling the VOC migration through BGMs in containment barrier systems.

研究了来自两家制造商不同厚度的四种弹性沥青土工膜（BGMs）的扩散行为，以评估温度、厚度和配方对其作为固体废物遏制应用扩散屏障性能的影响。所有检测的bgm底部表面都有0.012毫米的抗根聚酯（PET）膜。在24°C、35°C和50°C下对接收的BGM和BGM组分（分离的PET膜和通过从接收材料中去除PET膜获得的改性BGM样品）进行扩散试验。在三种测试温度下推断的扩散参数用于生成理论浓度曲线，该曲线与实验数据密切匹配，从而验证了将bgm视为多层复合材料的两层建模方法的使用。结果表明，随着温度的升高，挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）在BGM及其不同组分中的扩散明显增加，其中PET薄膜对VOC迁移的抵抗作用最大。此外，研究表明，较厚的BGMs达到平衡所需的时间较长，这与扩散途径延长导致的渗透速率降低相一致。然而，来自同一制造商的bgm无论厚度如何，其扩散参数都具有可比性。这些发现强调了在扩散性能评估中对特定材料成分进行测试的必要性。他们还显示了温度和PET薄膜在控制VOC通过封闭屏障系统中的bgm迁移中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of aeration for stabilising a landfill with low-organic waste 低有机垃圾填埋场曝气稳定性评价

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115305

Phebe Linette Bonilla Prado , Peter Kjeldsen , Lotte Fjelsted , Jens E. Larsen , Anders G. Christensen , Charlotte Scheutz

The applicability of landfill aeration for stabilising old and low-organic waste was tested at the AV Miljø landfill, Denmark. Preliminary air injection tests achieved higher aeration flow rates in the southwest area (250–370 m³ h⁻¹) compared to the northeast (150–200 m³ h⁻¹) of the waste cell, with visible response pressure up to ∼ 40 m away from the injection point. A five-week aeration test with an air injection flow of 200 m³ h⁻¹ injected at 5–6.5 m depth resulted in a temperature increase of ∼ 10 °C in the waste body, indicating increased aerobic biological activity, especially after aeration stopped and the winter air did not cool down the waste. Aeration effectively transformed anaerobic conditions into aerobic, thereby accelerating organic waste degradation and significantly reducing CH₄ concentrations from 53.4− 67.7 to 0.2 – 15.3 %vol. Air distribution during aeration was predominantly horizontal, with nitrogen found at an influence radius of over 80 m and oxygen depletion within 50 m. The estimated oxygen consumption rate was low, at ∼ 0.002 mg O₂ g DW⁻¹ h⁻¹, as expected for waste with low organic content. Based on the aeration radius of influence, the facilities for full-scale aeration experiment were redesigned, reducing from 60 projected wells to only 15 wells, reducing costs. A full-scale aeration system is planned to further investigate the benefits of aeration for landfills with low organic content.

在丹麦AV Miljø填埋场测试了填埋场曝气对稳定旧废物和低有机废物的适用性。与废电池的东北部（150-200 m3 h - 1）相比，初步的空气注入试验在西南区域（250-370 m3 h - 1）获得了更高的曝气流量，在距离注入点约40米的地方可以看到响应压力。在5-6.5 m深度进行为期5周的曝气试验，注入空气流量为200 m3 h−1，导致废物体内温度升高~ 10°C，表明有氧生物活性增加，特别是在停止曝气和冬季空气没有冷却废物之后。曝气有效地将厌氧条件转化为好氧条件，从而加速有机废物的降解，并显着将CH4浓度从53.4 - 67.7降低到0.2 - 15.3% vol。曝气过程中的空气分布主要是水平分布，氮气的影响半径在80 m以上，氧气损耗在50 m以内。估计的耗氧率很低，约为0.002 mg O2 g DW−1 h−1，与有机物含量低的废物的预期一致。根据曝气半径的影响，重新设计了全尺寸曝气实验设施，将预计的60口井减少到15口井，降低了成本。一个全面的曝气系统计划进一步研究曝气对低有机含量垃圾填埋场的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Generation, transformation and inhibition mechanism of hazardous waste flue coated materials during copper smelting process 铜冶炼过程中危险烟气包覆物的产生、转化及抑制机理

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115317

Kai Fan , Haipei Zhang , Zhongming Jiang , Songhe Ye , Zhenqin Ge , Bo Li , Yonggang Wei , Shiwei Zhou , Hua Wang

During the pyrometallurgical process of copper, the hard nodular substances formed in the flue system can easily disrupt the smelting operation and cause various types of environmental pollution. This study investigated the formation mechanism, and phase transformation of flue coating materials (FCMs) during copper smelting through multi-scale characterization and thermodynamic simulation, and proposed corresponding suppression measures. The results show that, driven by the oxygen potential gradient and sulfur condensation, the FCMs follow the pathway of “volatilization migration − encapsulation − sulfation”, leading to the accumulation of toxic metal compounds. The spatial evolution of phases from metallic Cu/CuFe₂O₄ in the vertical flue to sulfates/sulfides in the horizontal flue was quantitatively elucidated. The application results of the new suppression strategy show that raising the bottom temperature of the vertical flue from the original 1220–––1320 ℃ can reduce the total mass of the dangerous range hood by 35% − 45%. Adding 1–––5% CaO can reduce the accumulation of FCMs by 30–––40% by forming a porous structure that is easy to move, while adding 1–––5% MgO can lower the formation rate of new FCMs by 25–––35% by promoting a stable spinel framework. The proposal of the new suppression measures can reduce the additional energy consumption caused by furnace shutdown, cooling, manual slag removal and reheating start-up for an annual 300,000-ton oxygen-enriched top-blown copper smelting enterprise by approximately 400 tons of standard coal each year.

铜在火法冶炼过程中，烟道系统中形成的坚硬的球状物质极易扰乱冶炼作业，造成各类环境污染。通过多尺度表征和热力学模拟，研究了铜冶炼过程中烟道涂层材料（fcm）的形成机理和相变，并提出了相应的抑制措施。结果表明，在氧势梯度和硫缩聚的驱动下，fcm遵循“挥发迁移-包封-硫酸化”的途径，导致有毒金属化合物的积累。定量分析了垂直烟道中金属Cu/CuFe2O4相到水平烟道中硫酸盐/硫化物相的空间演化规律。应用结果表明，将垂直烟道底部温度从原来的1220 ~ 1320℃提高，可使危险抽油烟机的总质量降低35% ~ 45%。添加1 - 5%的CaO可以通过形成易于移动的多孔结构使fcm的积累减少30 - 40%，而添加1 - 5%的MgO可以通过促进稳定的尖晶石框架使新fcm的形成率降低25 - 35%。新抑制措施的提出，可为年产30万吨富氧顶吹铜冶炼企业每年减少约400吨标准煤的停炉、冷却、人工除渣、再热启动等额外能耗。

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引用次数: 0

Direct conversion of fly ash into monolithic composite aerogels with robust heat-insulating and fire-resistant properties 粉煤灰直接转化成整体复合气凝胶，具有较强的隔热耐火性能

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115315

Ke Zhang , Dahao Liu , Jie Wang , Huiquan Liu , Yongchen Song , Yanghui Li , Lanlan Jiang , Peng Wu , Luyuan Gong , Kun Zhang , Zheng Ling

Fly ash poses a significant global challenge in solid waste management due to its massive production. Converting fly ash into high-performance aerogel materials provides an attractive means for its high-value utilization. However, the micron-sized fly ash particles pose significant challenges to achieving a stable aqueous dispersion and constructing a monolithic porous structure. Herein, we present a scalable, chemical-free strategy to directly convert fly ash into monolithic composite aerogels containing up to 75 wt% fly ash, exhibiting high porosity (>90 %), excellent thermal insulation, and superior fire resistance. Stable aqueous dispersions of fly ash were achieved through steric hindrance imparted by low-dimensional nanoclay. Only minimal polymer addition (∼8 wt%) was required to form a robust clay network, effectively preventing pore collapse with increased fly ash content. The resulting fly ash aerogels balance thermal insulation and thermal stability, exhibiting thermal conductivities ranging from 0.0334 to 0.0385 W/(m·K) and a compressive strength of up to 2.7 MPa at 80 % strain, while maintaining structural integrity under extreme temperatures of up to ∼1300 °C. This research significantly broadens the potential applications of fly ash and presents an optimal strategy for its high-value utilization.

粉煤灰的大量生产给全球固体废物管理带来了重大挑战。将粉煤灰转化为高性能气凝胶材料为其高价值利用提供了一种有吸引力的手段。然而，微米级的粉煤灰颗粒对实现稳定的水分散和构建整体多孔结构提出了重大挑战。在此，我们提出了一种可扩展的，无化学物质的策略，直接将粉煤灰转化为含有高达75%粉煤灰的整体复合气凝胶，具有高孔隙率（> 90%），优异的绝热性和优异的耐火性。通过低维纳米粘土的位阻作用，实现了粉煤灰在水中的稳定分散。只需少量的聚合物添加量（~ 8 wt%）就可以形成坚固的粘土网络，有效地防止随着粉煤灰含量的增加孔隙坍塌。所得到的粉煤灰气凝胶在隔热和热稳定性方面取得了平衡，其导热系数在0.0334至0.0385 W/（m·K）之间，在80%应变下的抗压强度高达2.7 MPa，同时在高达1300°C的极端温度下保持结构完整性。本研究拓宽了粉煤灰的潜在应用领域，提出了粉煤灰高价值利用的优化策略。

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引用次数: 0

A small technology for big health: Blocking the potential spread of antibiotic resistomes from home composting of food waste by mature compost 一项小技术为大健康服务：通过成熟的堆肥阻止家庭食物垃圾堆肥中抗生素耐药性的潜在传播

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115312

Ruohan Xia, Lanxia Zhang, Guoxue Li, Wenhai Luo, Zhicheng Xu

Home composting is a popular lifestyle for onsite treatment and recycling of food and garden wastes, but potentially spreads antimicrobial resistance to affect human health. Thus, the dynamics of antibiotic resistomes during home composting and their control by mature compost were investigated. Results show that the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) decreased significantly at thermophilic stage and then increased at cooling stage. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) located on chromosomes and mobilizable plasmids reduced at thermophilic stage to restrain horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and relative abundance of ARG. Nevertheless, HGT events were driven by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on chromosomes to rebound in relative abundance of ARG at cooling and mature stages. Mature compost could improve the control of antibiotic resistomes by reducing ARG and MGE hosts and blocking their HGT events. Specifically, mature compost significantly accelerated microbial metabolisms and increased composting temperature to sterilize ARG hosts and thus vertical gene transfer events during thermophilic stage. Thus, the rebound in relative abundance of ARG was effectively inhibited to increase their overall removal by 8.3% – 14.9%, particularly for high-risk ones. These results propose a simple but pragmatic strategy to mitigate significant antimicrobial resistance risks from home composting to safeguard environmental and public health.

家庭堆肥是一种流行的生活方式，用于现场处理和回收食物和花园废物，但可能会传播抗菌素耐药性，影响人类健康。因此，研究了家庭堆肥过程中抗生素抗性组的动态变化以及成熟堆肥对其的控制。结果表明，耐药基因（ARGs）的相对丰度在嗜热期显著降低，在降温期显著升高。位于染色体和可动员质粒上的整合和共轭元件（ICEs）在嗜热期减少，以抑制水平基因转移（HGT）事件和ARG的相对丰度。然而，HGT事件是由染色体上的移动遗传元件（MGEs）驱动的，在冷却期和成熟期，ARG的相对丰度会反弹。成熟堆肥可以通过减少ARG和MGE宿主并阻断其HGT事件来改善抗生素抗性组的控制。具体而言，成熟堆肥显著加速微生物代谢，提高堆肥温度，对ARG宿主进行灭菌，从而在嗜热阶段发生垂直基因转移事件。因此，ARG相对丰度的反弹被有效抑制，使其总体去除率提高了8.3% - 14.9%，特别是对于高风险的ARG。这些结果提出了一种简单但实用的策略，以减轻家庭堆肥产生的重大抗菌素耐药性风险，以保护环境和公众健康。

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