Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献_第9页

Susceptibility of Mammals to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Qualitative Risk Assessment From the Belgian Perspective 哺乳动物对高致病性禽流感的易感性：从比利时的角度进行定性风险评估。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13194

Virginie Van Leeuw, Pieter Depoorter, Axel Mauroy, Olivier Beck, Herman Claeys, Nick De Regge, Valérie De Waele, Paul De Winter, Jean-François Heymans, Jozef Hooyberghs, Philippe Houdart, Cyrelle Houtsaeger, Annick Linden, Marcella Mori, Hans Nauwynck, Anna Parys, Javiera Rebolledo Romero, Chantal Rettigner, Lieze Rouffaer, Jorgen Stassijns, Mieke Steensels, Steven Van Gucht, Kristien Van Reeth, Katie Vermeersch, Muriel Vervaeke, Claude Saegerman, Jeroen Dewulf

Aims

The world experienced a huge number of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in birds, which could represent one of the largest registered epidemics of infectious disease in food-producing animals. Therefore, mammals, including humans, are continuously exposed to HPAI viruses leading to sporadic and sometimes unusual mammal infections. The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of crossing the avian/mammalian species barrier by the currently circulating HPAI viruses, focusing on the epidemiological situation of Belgium, a representative country for Western Europe.

Methods and Results

Information on transmission pathways and species susceptibility, based on the experimental and epidemiological data, was reviewed and weighted to assess the risk of mammal infection with HPAI A(H5N1) viruses of the circulating clade 2.3.4.4b. This risk is defined as the likelihood of mammal infection by birds crossed by the clinical consequences of this infection for this animal. From the Belgian perspective, it is concluded that this risk remains ‘low’ to ‘moderate’ for captive/domestic mammal species. However, this risk was categorised as ‘high’ for certain species, i.e. mammals that have the opportunity to have frequent direct or indirect close contacts with infected (dead) birds, such as wild felids, wild mustelids, foxes and wild marine carnivore mammals. For some mammal species, the uncertainty associated with the assessment remains high due to an ever-changing situation.

Conclusions

The longer the virus will continue to circulate in wildlife/the environment the stronger the probability of contact between infected birds and mammals will become. This will increase the related risk of viral adaptation for efficient transmission between mammal, posing concerns for public health. Regular reassessments based on the field and experimental data are therefore necessary to implement and adapt risk-based mitigation measures. This will require continuous monitoring of avian influenza viruses in both birds and mammals as well as sharing of sequence data.

目的：世界上发生了大量禽类高致病性禽流感（HPAI）暴发，这可能是在食用动物中记录的最大传染病流行之一。因此，包括人类在内的哺乳动物不断暴露于高致病性禽流感病毒，导致散发的，有时是不寻常的哺乳动物感染。本文的目的是评估当前流行的高致病性禽流感病毒跨越禽/哺乳动物物种屏障的风险，重点介绍西欧代表性国家比利时的流行病学情况。方法和结果：基于实验和流行病学数据，对传播途径和物种易感性信息进行审查和加权，以评估流行进化支2.3.4.4b的高致病性禽流感A（H5N1）病毒感染哺乳动物的风险。这种风险的定义是鸟类感染哺乳动物的可能性与这种动物感染的临床后果相交叉。从比利时的角度来看，结论是圈养/家养哺乳动物物种的这种风险仍然是“低”至“中等”。然而，对于某些物种，即有机会经常直接或间接密切接触受感染（死亡）鸟类的哺乳动物，如野生猫科动物、野生鼬、狐狸和野生海洋食肉哺乳动物，这种风险被归类为“高”。对于某些哺乳动物物种，由于不断变化的情况，与评估相关的不确定性仍然很高。结论：该病毒在野生动物/环境中传播的时间越长，感染鸟类与哺乳动物接触的可能性越大。这将增加病毒适应的相关风险，以便在哺乳动物之间有效传播，对公共卫生构成关切。因此，有必要根据实地和实验数据进行定期重新评估，以执行和调整基于风险的缓解措施。这将需要持续监测鸟类和哺乳动物中的禽流感病毒，并共享序列数据。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling of the Habitat Characteristics and Ecological Niche of the Asian Tiger Mosquito in a Fine-Scale Area of a Primate Research Center Using the Maximum Entropy Model 基于最大熵模型的灵长类动物研究中心小尺度区域亚洲虎蚊生境特征和生态位建模

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13192

Dimas Novianto, Upik Kesumawati Hadi, Susi Soviana, Supriyono, Morakot Kaewthamasorn, Huda Shalahudin Darusman

Introduction

Aedes-borne diseases, such as Zika and Chikungunya, originate from an enzootic cycle in which non-human primates (NHPs) function as reservoirs. This study aimed to analyze the characteristic habitat and ecological niche models of Aedes albopictus within the confines of a Primate Research Center (PRC), to assess its potential as a site for zoonotic arbovirus transmission. Additionally, this study aimed to construct a comprehensive map to delineate the risks of arbovirus transmission.

Methods

A 1-year direct field survey was conducted from January to December 2022 in the PRC to obtain comprehensive data on the presence of larvae, including their conditions, habitat types, and physicochemical characteristics. Larval collection was meticulously performed at potential breeding sites using a 350 ml dipper and pipette. Information on the ecological niche was compiled based on a combination of general environmental variables and mosquito presence data obtained from direct field surveys using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model.

Results

In total, 120 presence points for Ae. albopictus larvae were obtained from the PRC area, with 23.02% of the larvae found in buckets as artificial habitats, and 18.25% found in bromeliad plants as natural habitat types. Larvae of Ae. albopictus occupy artificial habitats that are not turbid, exposed to direct sunlight, and devoid of predators. The abundances and occurrences of Ae. albopictus larvae was found to be significantly influenced by pH and total dissolved solids. This study showed that the PRC was a suitable habitat for breeding Ae. albopictus larvae, with the distance to buildings emerging as a significant environmental variable in the species distribution model

Conclusions

The fine-scale empirical model developed for Ae. albopictus and its habitat characteristics not only provide insights into the suitability of vector habitats, but can also be used assess the risk of arbovirus transmission, potentially informing strategies for controlling mosquito breeding sites within the PRC.

简介：伊蚊传播的疾病，如寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅热，起源于一种地方病循环，其中非人灵长类动物（NHPs）作为宿主。本研究旨在分析灵长类动物研究中心范围内白纹伊蚊的特征栖息地和生态位模式，以评估其作为人畜共患虫媒病毒传播场所的潜力。此外，本研究旨在构建一个全面的地图，以描绘虫媒病毒传播的风险。方法：于2022年1- 12月在中国境内进行为期1年的野外调查，全面收集幼虫的孳生状况、生境类型和理化特征等资料。在潜在的繁殖地点，使用350毫升的斗和移液管仔细收集幼虫。利用最大熵（MaxEnt）模型，结合一般环境变量和直接野外调查获得的蚊虫存在数据，编制生态位信息。结果：共有120个存在点。白纹伊蚊幼虫分布在中华人民共和国地区，人工生境中捕获的白纹伊蚊幼虫占23.02%，自然生境类型为凤梨科植物捕获的白纹伊蚊幼虫占18.25%。伊蚊幼虫。白纹伊蚊占据不浑浊、阳光直射、没有天敌的人工栖息地。Ae的丰度和发生率。pH值和总溶解固形物对白纹伊蚊幼虫有显著影响。研究结果表明，中华人民共和国是白纹伊蚊孳生的适宜生境。结论：在白纹伊蚊种群分布模型中，距离建筑物的距离成为一个重要的环境变量。白纹伊蚊及其栖息地特征不仅为媒介栖息地的适宜性提供了见解，而且还可用于评估虫媒病毒传播的风险，可能为控制中华人民共和国境内蚊虫滋生地的策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Historical Summary of Tick and Animal Surveillance Studies for Lyme Disease in Canada, 1975–2023: A Scoping Review 1975-2023 年加拿大莱姆病蜱虫和动物监测研究历史总结：范围审查。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13191

Alexander Davidson, Patrick H. Kelly, Julie Davis, Maria Major, Jennifer C. Moïsi, James H. Stark

Introduction

Lyme disease (LD) is caused by infection with the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) through the bite of an infected Ixodes spp. tick. LD has emerged as a public and animal health issue in Canada, with human incidence increasing in part due to the expansion of Ixodes scapularis ticks and their vertebrate hosts. We sought to provide the first comprehensive summary of published tick and animal surveillance literature regarding LD in Canada to describe changes in LD over time.

Methods

We conducted a review to identify peer-reviewed LD-focused tick, mammal, and bird surveillance articles in three online databases between 1975 and 2023. Data on study characteristics, data collection years, and surveillance methods and findings were extracted. Descriptive statistics were reported.

Results

In total, 115 studies were included for review. Results showed an increase in published surveillance literature and changes in study approaches and their provincial distribution over time, coinciding with increased LD cases in Canada. Seventy-four studies were published after 2014 when Canada's Federal Framework on Lyme Disease Act was introduced, and two-thirds of these studies focused on tick surveillance only. Overall, 58% of studies involved surveillance in Ontario but increases in all other provinces were observed after 2009.

Conclusions

Observed changes in five decades of LD-related tick and animal surveillance literature helps document the historical rapid spread of Ixodes and Bb across provinces. This can provide lessons for other regions that may transition from emerging to endemic status for LD in the coming years.

导言：莱姆病（Lyme disease，LD）是由被感染的伊科蜱（Ixodes spp.）叮咬后感染博氏杆菌（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato，Bb）引起的。LD 已成为加拿大的一个公共和动物健康问题，人类发病率的增加部分是由于蜱及其脊椎动物宿主的扩大。我们试图首次全面总结已发表的有关加拿大 LD 的蜱虫和动物监测文献，以描述随着时间推移 LD 的变化：我们对 1975 年至 2023 年间在三个在线数据库中发表的以 LD 为重点的蜱虫、哺乳动物和鸟类监测文章进行了综述。我们提取了有关研究特征、数据收集年份、监测方法和结果的数据。报告了描述性统计结果：结果：共纳入 115 项研究进行审查。结果显示，随着时间的推移，发表的监测文献有所增加，研究方法及其省份分布也发生了变化，这与加拿大 LD 病例的增加相吻合。有74项研究是在2014年加拿大出台《莱姆病联邦框架法案》之后发表的，其中三分之二的研究仅关注蜱虫监测。总体而言，58%的研究涉及对安大略省的监测，但2009年之后，所有其他省份的监测都有所增加：五十年来与 LD 相关的蜱虫和动物监测文献中观察到的变化有助于记录 Ixodes 和 Bb 跨省快速传播的历史。这可以为其他地区提供借鉴，这些地区在未来几年可能会从地方病新发地区过渡到地方病流行地区。

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引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial Resistance and Zoonotic Potential of Nontyphoidal Salmonella From Household Dogs 家犬非伤寒沙门氏菌的抗菌药耐药性和人畜共患可能性。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13174

Sophia M. Kenney, Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha, Erika Ganda

Background

Companion animals, like household dogs, are an overlooked transmission point for zoonotic pathogens such as nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS). Given the proximity of dogs to humans and the use of critically important antibiotics in companion animal medicine, household dogs represent a risk for the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella.

Methods and Results

To this end, we aimed to leverage existing biosurveillance infrastructure to investigate AMR and the zoonotic potential of NTS isolated from dogs and humans. We identified all NTS strains isolated from domestic dogs via the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network between May 2017 and March 2023 (N = 87), and spatiotemporally matched strains isolated from humans in the NCBI Pathogen Isolate Browser (N = 77). These 164 strains, collected from 17 states in the United States, formed the basis of our analysis. Strains isolated from dogs comprised diverse serovars, with most being clinically relevant to human health. All strains possessed AMR determinants for drug classes deemed critically or highly important by the World Health Organization. We identified sixteen NTS isolates from humans closely related to ≥1 of six dog-associated strains.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and sustained biosurveillance beyond human- and agriculture-associated veterinary medicine, using a One-Health framework that accounts for all transmission points including companion animals.

背景：伴侣动物（如家犬）是非伤寒沙门氏菌（NTS）等人畜共患病病原体的一个被忽视的传播点。考虑到狗与人类的亲近关系以及伴侣动物医疗中使用的重要抗生素，家犬代表着耐抗菌素（AMR）沙门氏菌传播的风险：为此，我们旨在利用现有的生物监测基础设施，调查从狗和人体内分离出的 NTS 的 AMR 和人畜共患可能性。我们确定了 2017 年 5 月至 2023 年 3 月期间通过兽医实验室调查和响应网络从家犬体内分离出的所有 NTS 菌株（N = 87），以及在 NCBI 病原体菌株浏览器中从人类体内分离出的时空匹配菌株（N = 77）。从美国 17 个州收集的这 164 株菌株构成了我们分析的基础。从狗身上分离出的菌株由不同的血清型组成，其中大多数与人类健康临床相关。所有菌株都具有世界卫生组织认为极其重要或高度重要的药物类别的 AMR 决定因子。我们从人类中分离出的 16 株 NTS 与 6 株狗相关菌株中的≥1 株密切相关：总之，我们的数据强调了抗菌药物管理和持续生物监测的重要性，而不仅仅局限于与人类和农业相关的兽医领域，我们采用的 "一个健康 "框架考虑到了包括伴侣动物在内的所有传播点。

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Zoonotic Potential of Nontyphoidal Salmonella From Household Dogs","authors":"Sophia M. Kenney, Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha, Erika Ganda","doi":"10.1111/zph.13174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Companion animals, like household dogs, are an overlooked transmission point for zoonotic pathogens such as nontyphoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS). Given the proximity of dogs to humans and the use of critically important antibiotics in companion animal medicine, household dogs represent a risk for the spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) <i>Salmonella</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To this end, we aimed to leverage existing biosurveillance infrastructure to investigate AMR and the zoonotic potential of NTS isolated from dogs and humans. We identified all NTS strains isolated from domestic dogs via the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network between May 2017 and March 2023 (<i>N</i> = 87), and spatiotemporally matched strains isolated from humans in the NCBI Pathogen Isolate Browser (<i>N</i> = 77). These 164 strains, collected from 17 states in the United States, formed the basis of our analysis. Strains isolated from dogs comprised diverse serovars, with most being clinically relevant to human health. All strains possessed AMR determinants for drug classes deemed critically or highly important by the World Health Organization. We identified sixteen NTS isolates from humans closely related to ≥1 of six dog-associated strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collectively, our data emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship and sustained biosurveillance beyond human- and agriculture-associated veterinary medicine, using a One-Health framework that accounts for all transmission points including companion animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 1","pages":"84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emergence of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis Driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Piauí, Brazil 巴西皮奥伊出现了由巴西孢子虫引起的猫传播孢子丝虫病。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13190

Raizza Eveline Escórcio Pinheiro, Clara Cecília Azevedo Santana, Liline Maria Soares Martins, Dilbert Silva Veloso, Jardenio Assis dos Santos Luz, Oriana Bezerra Lima, Namir Clementino Santos, Fernanda Fidelis Gonsales, Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho, Anderson Messias Rodrigues

Introduction

In Brazil, the emergence of feline sporotrichosis, a neglected subcutaneous mycosis primarily transmitted by cats and caused by the fungus Sporothrix brasiliensis, has been monitored via molecular tools. This approach underscores the geographic expansion of this disease and highlights the critical role of molecular surveillance in understanding its epidemiology and guiding public health interventions.

Methods

We investigated three domestic cats (Felis catus) with multiple skin lesions in Picos, Piauí, Brazil. The cats were examined, and samples were collected for laboratory diagnosis, including cytological evaluation, fungal culture, and molecular characterisation. The molecular analysis involved a one-tube multiplex probe-based qPCR assay for the diagnosis of Sporothrix species, mating-type determination, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP, EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG) to assess genetic similarity and potential origin.

Results

All three cats were diagnosed with sporotrichosis caused by the hypervirulent S. brasiliensis. A probable case of zoonotic transmission has been reported in a 12-year-old girl who developed Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome after contact with one of the cats with sporotrichosis. The molecular analysis revealed that the cat isolates were MAT 1-2 and formed a single cluster according to the AFLP analysis, suggesting direct transmission (cat-cat) and a potential founder effect. The isolates were also closely related to strains from Pernambuco and Southeast Brazil, indicating a possible introduction from these regions.

Conclusions

Identifying S. brasiliensis in Piauí emphasises the need for increased awareness and control measures to prevent further spread. The predominance of the MAT1-2 idiomorphs and the genetic similarity among outbreak isolates suggest clonal expansion, which could have significant implications for public health and veterinary practices. Considering its zoonotic potential and environmental adaptability, a One Health approach is crucial for managing and controlling the spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis.

导言：在巴西，猫孢子丝菌病是一种被忽视的皮下真菌病，主要由猫传播，由巴西孢子丝菌（Sporothrix brasiliensis）引起。这种方法强调了这种疾病的地理分布范围，并突出了分子监测在了解其流行病学和指导公共卫生干预方面的关键作用：方法：我们调查了巴西皮奥伊州皮科斯市三只患有多种皮肤病的家猫（Felis catus）。我们对这些猫进行了检查，并采集了样本进行实验室诊断，包括细胞学评估、真菌培养和分子鉴定。分子分析包括基于单管多重探针的 qPCR 检测，用于诊断孢子丝菌的种类、确定交配型，以及扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP，EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG），以评估遗传相似性和潜在来源：结果：所有三只猫都被诊断出患有由高病毒性巴西猫孢子丝菌引起的孢子丝菌病。据报道，一名 12 岁的女孩在接触了其中一只患有孢子丝菌病的猫后，患上了帕里诺眼综合征，这可能是人畜共患传播病例。分子分析表明，根据 AFLP 分析，猫的分离物为 MAT 1-2，并形成一个群集，表明存在直接传播（猫-猫）和潜在的创始效应。这些分离株还与伯南布哥州和巴西东南部的菌株密切相关，表明可能是从这些地区引入的：在皮奥伊发现 S. brasiliensis 强调了提高意识和采取控制措施以防止进一步传播的必要性。疫情分离物中 MAT1-2 异形体占主导地位且遗传相似，这表明其克隆扩张可能会对公共卫生和兽医实践产生重大影响。考虑到该病的人畜共患潜力和环境适应性，"统一健康 "方法对于管理和控制猫传播孢子丝菌病的传播至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Brucella microti and Rodent-Borne Brucellosis: A Neglected Public Health Threat 小鼠布鲁氏菌和鼠源性布鲁氏菌病：被忽视的公共卫生威胁。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13188

Ivo Rudolf, Romana Kejíková, Michael Kosoy, Zdeněk Hubálek, Kristína Mravcová, Silvie Šikutová, Adrian M. Whatmore, Sascha Al Dahouk

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonoses worldwide, primarily affecting livestock but also posing a serious threat to public health. The major Brucella species are known to cause a feverish disease in humans with various clinical signs. These classical Brucella species are (re-)emerging, but also novel strains and species, some of them transmitted from rodents, can be associated with human infections. As a result of our review on rodent-borne brucellosis, we emphasise the need for more comprehensive surveillance of Brucella and especially Brucella microti in rodent populations and call for further research targeting the ecological persistence of rodent-associated Brucella species in the environment, their epizootic role in wild rodents and their virulence and pathogenicity for wildlife.

布鲁氏菌病是全球最重要的人畜共患病之一，主要影响牲畜，但也对公共卫生构成严重威胁。已知主要的布鲁氏菌可引起人类发热性疾病，并伴有各种临床症状。这些经典的布鲁氏菌菌种正在（重新）出现，但新型菌株和菌种也可能与人类感染有关，其中一些是从啮齿动物身上传播的。通过对啮齿类动物传播的布鲁氏菌病的回顾，我们强调需要对啮齿类动物群体中的布鲁氏菌，尤其是微小啮齿类动物中的布鲁氏菌进行更全面的监测，并呼吁针对啮齿类动物相关布鲁氏菌在环境中的生态持久性、它们在野生啮齿类动物中的致病作用以及它们对野生动物的毒性和致病性开展进一步的研究。

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial Prescription Practices and Stewardship in Washington State Small and Mixed Animal Veterinary Medicine 华盛顿州小型和混合型动物兽医抗菌药处方实践与管理。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13187

Shannon Cassel, Hannah T. Fenelon, Elizabeth Rott, Libby Blazes, Leah M. Willess, Anna E. Baines, Vickie Ramirez, Kelly Kauber, Peter Rabinowitz, Claire R. Burbick, Erica R. Fuhrmeister

Introduction

Judicious antimicrobial use is essential for the continued treatment of infections in small and mixed animal veterinary medicine. To better support Washington (WA) State veterinarians in antimicrobial stewardship, we surveyed licensed small and mixed animal veterinarians and led group conversations regarding antimicrobial prescription practices.

Methods

Survey questions included demographic information, factors influencing prescription practices and clinical cases. Responses were summarised and logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with antibiotic treatment choices. Group conversations, led by a licensed veterinarian, focused on resource gaps for veterinarians, management of clinical scenarios and interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and breakpoints. A systematic qualitative analysis of conversation transcripts identified key themes such as common barriers to stewardship.

Results

Among 53 responses to clinical scenarios, veterinarians selected the most appropriate treatment choice, according to a veterinary microbiologist, 62% of the time. Variability was observed in culture and susceptibility practices and antibiotic choices. Survey respondents reported an influence of the client ability to medicate (92%), considerations of resistance (91%), client finances (75%) and availability of antimicrobials (75%) on their prescription decisions. There were no significant associations between opinions about contributing factors to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or guidelines used and treatment choices in clinical scenarios. Among 15 veterinarians interviewed in group conversations, a systematic qualitative analysis of conversation transcripts revealed key themes, including reliance on human medicine as a resource and a lack of support for veterinarians in interpreting MICs and breakpoints.

Conclusions

The variability in veterinary antibiotic treatment decisions in this study suggests a need for further dissemination of standardised antimicrobial stewardship resources for veterinarians. Client-related challenges and the cost of culture and susceptibility are major barriers to stewardship. To address these barriers, it is necessary to provide standardised, easy-to-access guidance for veterinarians in interpreting MICs and breakpoints, as well as develop antimicrobial use resources for clients.

简介：谨慎使用抗菌药物对于持续治疗小动物和混合动物兽医领域的感染至关重要。为了更好地支持华盛顿（WA）州兽医开展抗菌药物管理工作，我们对持有执照的小动物和混合动物兽医进行了调查，并就抗菌药物处方实践进行了小组讨论：调查问题包括人口统计学信息、影响处方实践的因素和临床病例。对回答进行汇总，并进行逻辑回归，以确定与抗生素治疗选择相关的因素。小组对话由一名执业兽医主持，重点讨论兽医的资源缺口、临床情景管理以及最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 和断点的解释。通过对谈话记录进行系统的定性分析，确定了一些关键主题，如管理工作中的常见障碍：结果：在 53 个对临床情景的回答中，兽医根据兽医微生物学家的意见选择最合适治疗方案的比例为 62%。在培养和药敏试验以及抗生素选择方面存在差异。调查对象称，客户的用药能力（92%）、抗药性考虑因素（91%）、客户的经济状况（75%）和抗菌药物的可用性（75%）对他们的处方决定有影响。对抗菌药耐药性（AMR）诱因的看法或所使用的指南与临床情况下的治疗选择之间没有明显关联。在 15 位接受小组谈话的兽医中，对谈话记录进行的系统定性分析揭示了关键主题，包括依赖人类医学作为资源，以及兽医在解释 MIC 和断点时缺乏支持：本研究中兽医抗生素治疗决策的差异性表明，有必要进一步向兽医传播标准化的抗菌药物管理资源。与客户相关的挑战以及培养和药敏成本是抗菌药物管理的主要障碍。为解决这些障碍，有必要为兽医解释 MIC 和断点提供标准化、易于获取的指导，并为客户开发抗菌药物使用资源。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Free-Ranging Sapajus nigritus, Argentina 在阿根廷自由觅食的 Sapajus nigritus 中检测到牛分枝杆菌。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13189

Daniela Lamattina, Mariela Florencia Martinez, Esteban Manuel Couto, Clara Scarry, María Paula Tujague, Juan Pablo Arrabal, Dante Luis Di Nucci, Eduardo Ariel Lestani, Diego Bombelli, Marcela Andrea López, Natalia Sasoni, Rossana Piloni, Angélica Kim, Carlos Zenobi, María Jimena Marfil, Roberto Trigo, Néstor Eduardo Pérez, María Gabriela Cáceres, Oscar Daniel Salomón

Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are the most relevant among pathogenic mycobacteria, both belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). Samples of blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and caseous tubercles were collected from a free-ranging juvenile black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) showing non-specific signs of illness. Macroscopic findings included emaciation, a caseous lesion in a tooth and gingiva, disseminated nodules in both lungs and left kidney parenchyma and caseous nodules on the pleura and mesentery. The lesions suggested MTC infection, a diagnosis subsequently supported in the lung by bacilloscopy, immunochromatography and PCR. A multiplex PCR further validated the presence of M. bovis genes. Cases of tuberculosis in platyrrhine primates have only been reported in animals maintained in captivity. We describe for the first time the pathological and molecular findings of M. bovis infection in a free-ranging platyrrhine monkey within an area of intense human–wildlife interaction, which has important implications from a One Health perspective.

牛分枝杆菌和结核分枝杆菌是致病分枝杆菌中最重要的两种，均属于结核分枝杆菌复合体（MTC）。研究人员从一只出现非特异性病征的散养幼年黑卷尾猴（Sapajus nigritus）身上采集了血液、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺部和酪结节样本。宏观检查结果包括消瘦、一颗牙齿和牙龈上的病变、双肺和左肾实质上的散在结节以及胸膜和肠系膜上的病变结节。这些病变表明患者感染了 MTC，随后在肺部通过杆菌镜检查、免疫层析和聚合酶链式反应证实了这一诊断。多重 PCR 进一步验证了牛结核杆菌基因的存在。仅有在人工饲养的灵长类动物中发现过肺结核病例的报道。我们首次描述了在人类与野生动物激烈互动地区一只自由活动的板栗猴感染布氏杆菌的病理和分子研究结果，这从 "一个健康 "的角度来看具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Characterisation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Special-Fed Veal Production Environments 特殊饲养小牛生产环境中抗菌素耐药性的特征。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13186

Alexander Dunmyre, Poonam Vinayamohan, Samantha R. Locke, Ting-Yu Cheng, Victoria Schaffner, Greg Habing

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the leading public health threats globally. AMR genes can be transferred between bacteria through lateral gene transfer, and AMR organisms can spread through environments by contaminated water, agriculture and animals. Thus, widespread environmental dissemination of bacteria and lateral gene transfer facilitate AMR transmission pathways. Farm environments in dairy and calf production are known to harbour AMR bacteria that pose a risk for food contamination and to workers in direct or indirect contact with animals. Escherichia coli is present in farm environments and is known to participate in lateral gene transfer, providing a good marker of resistance genes in each environment.

Methods

In this study, E. coli from nine cohorts of calves was isolated at different time points from nine barns, nine trailers and one slaughterhouse environment in a single special-fed veal calf production facility. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials, classified as highly or critically important by the World Health Organization, was characterised for E. coli isolates using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion.

Results

The highest proportion of isolates showing multidrug resistance was present in barn environments (51.7%), where calves were housed from their arrival at < 2 weeks of age until they were transported to slaughter. Additionally, 15 E. coli isolates were resistant to 11 of the 15 antimicrobials tested. Trailer and slaughterhouse environments had greater prevalence of resistance after accommodating calves, including resistance to third-generation cephalosporins.

Conclusion

These data highlight the importance of calf environments in the dissemination of resistant bacteria and gives insight into where interventions could be most effective in combatting antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that could infect humans and livestock.

导言：抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是全球主要的公共卫生威胁之一。AMR 基因可通过侧向基因转移在细菌之间传播，AMR 生物可通过受污染的水、农业和动物在环境中传播。因此，细菌在环境中的广泛传播和横向基因转移促进了 AMR 的传播途径。众所周知，奶制品和犊牛生产的农场环境中存在 AMR 细菌，对食品污染和直接或间接接触动物的工人构成风险。大肠埃希氏菌存在于农场环境中，已知其参与横向基因转移，为每种环境中的抗性基因提供了良好的标记：在这项研究中，在不同的时间点从一个特殊饲养小牛生产设施的九个牛舍、九个拖车和一个屠宰场环境中分离出了九组小牛的大肠杆菌。采用柯比-鲍尔磁盘扩散法检测了大肠杆菌分离物对 15 种抗菌药的敏感性，这些抗菌药被世界卫生组织列为高度或极其重要的抗菌药：结果：牛舍环境中出现多重耐药性的分离菌比例最高（51.7%），因为犊牛从抵达育成中心起就被安置在牛舍中：这些数据强调了犊牛环境在耐药细菌传播中的重要性，并使人们深入了解了在哪些地方采取干预措施能最有效地对付可能感染人类和牲畜的耐药细菌。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of Feline Sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil: Impact of Urbanisation 巴西圣埃斯皮里图猫孢子丝虫病的动态：城市化的影响。

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Zoonoses and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13185

Angelita Reis Gomes, Luisa Frasson Vieira, Oscar Giovanny Enriquez-Martinez, Fernanda Cristina de Abreu Quintela Castro, Sarah Fernandes Teixeira, Roberta Passamani Ambrósio, Bruno Carneiro Rediguieri, Sarah Santos Gonçalves, Renata Osorio Faria, Ágata Fernandes Romero, Clairton Marcolongo Pereira

Introduction

Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious mycosis caused by traumatic implantation of Sporothrix spp., which poses a significant challenge to public health because of its zoonotic nature. It affects humans and other animals, particularly cats. This study investigated epidemiological trends and spatial distribution of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo between 2017 and 2022.

Methods

This study collected diagnostic data on sporotrichosis from the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory and Center for Infectious Diseases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA and spatial analyses were performed using ArcGIS software to create maps and identify hotspots. Kernel density estimation and directional mean statistics were applied to visualise the disease concentration and transmission trends.

Results

The results showed a significant increase in feline sporotrichosis cases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022, with hotspots identified in urban and densely populated areas. Anchieta, Aracruz and Vila Velha reported the highest numbers of cases. Spatial analysis indicated a spread towards the central and northern coastal regions.

Conclusion

This study highlights the growing threat of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil, particularly in densely populated urban areas. This underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies that address urbanisation, human–animal interactions and managing stray cat populations. Effective control measures and enhanced surveillance are crucial to mitigate the spread of this zoonotic disease. Importantly, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Brazil and offers a framework for other regions identified as emerging hotspots that face similar challenges.

导言：孢子丝菌病是由孢子丝菌属外伤性种植引起的一种慢性传染性真菌病。它影响人类和其他动物，尤其是猫。本研究调查了2017年至2022年期间圣埃斯皮里图猫孢子丝菌病的流行趋势和空间分布情况：本研究从圣埃斯皮里图兽医病理学实验室和传染病中心收集了2017年至2022年期间有关孢子丝虫病的诊断数据。统计分析使用 STATA 进行，空间分析使用 ArcGIS 软件绘制地图并确定热点。应用核密度估计和方向均值统计来直观显示疾病的集中和传播趋势：结果表明，从2017年到2022年，圣埃斯皮里图的猫孢子丝虫病病例明显增加，在城市和人口稠密地区发现了热点。安奇埃塔、阿拉克鲁斯和维拉韦利亚报告的病例数最多。空间分析表明，病例向中部和北部沿海地区蔓延：这项研究表明，猫孢子丝虫病在巴西圣埃斯皮里图的威胁日益严重，尤其是在人口稠密的城市地区。这凸显出迫切需要制定全面的公共卫生战略，以应对城市化、人与动物的互动以及流浪猫的管理问题。有效的控制措施和加强监测对于缓解这种人畜共患病的传播至关重要。重要的是，这项研究为巴西孢子丝虫病的流行病学提供了宝贵的见解，并为其他被确定为面临类似挑战的新兴热点地区提供了一个框架。

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引用次数: 0