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General Relativity and Causality, Reasoning from Metaphysics, and E. J. Lowe’s Ontology 广义相对论与因果关系、形而上学推理与E. J. Lowe的本体论
Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-5-32
N. Golovko
The paper aims to show the importance of reasoning “from metaphysics” in the course of a consistent interpretation of the “against neoscholasticism” thesis (J. Ladyman). The idea that “the subject of metaphysics is metaphysical possibilities, and science determines which of them are actually achieved” (E. J. Lowe, J. Katz, etc.) reinforces the role of reasoning “from metaphysics” within the field of metaphysics of science. The general theory of relativity violates the common prevailing intuition that “causality is the subject of local physical interaction” (J. Bigelow). Interpretation of causality in terms of “forces” and “coming into” within the framework of E. J. Lowe's ontology makes it possible to talk about causality in terms of “finding” and “going out” of existence of the corresponding modes of objects connected by a formal “causal relationship”. The transition to E. J. Lowe's ontology helps not only to overcome the intuition of the locality of causality, but also reveals in its own way, for example, such seemingly simple common intuitions as the dependence of the truth of propositions on time or the understanding of time as a dimension. All this once again brings us back to the understanding of the importance of the fact that a scientist, constructing or interpreting a scientific theory, as a rule, uses non-trivial philosophical assumptions that should be the subject of its own philosophical analysis. 
本文旨在说明在对“反对新经院哲学”的论点(J. Ladyman)进行一致解释的过程中,“从形而上学出发”的推理的重要性。“形而上学的主题是形而上学的可能性,而科学决定了其中哪些是实际实现的”(E. J. Lowe, J. Katz等)的观点强化了“来自形而上学”的推理在科学形而上学领域中的作用。广义相对论违背了普遍流行的直觉,即“因果关系是局部物理相互作用的主题”(J.毕格罗)。在E. J. Lowe的本体论框架内,用“力”和“进入”来解释因果关系,使得用“发现”和“走出”由形式“因果关系”连接的对象的相应模式的存在来谈论因果关系成为可能。向E. J. Lowe的本体论的过渡不仅有助于克服因果关系的局部性直觉,而且还以自己的方式揭示了一些看似简单的普通直觉,例如命题的真理依赖于时间或将时间理解为一个维度。所有这一切再一次把我们带回到对这样一个事实的重要性的理解:一个科学家,在构建或解释一个科学理论时,通常会使用非平凡的哲学假设,这些假设应该是他自己哲学分析的主题。
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引用次数: 2
Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Ethnic Identity 族群认同研究的当代方法
Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-68-86
O. Persidskaya, F. S. Fomkin
Based on the analysis of contemporary theoretical and practical research in the fields of social philosophy, sociology and social psychology, the author considers trends related to the interpretation of the phenomenon of ethnic identity. A multiple interpretation of this phenomenon is described, which allows us to study its different forms and degrees of manifestation. Network social media, multi-ethnic urban environment and processes in non-systemic politics are considered as socio-cultural factors that influence the transformation of the phenomenon under consideration. It is concluded that the process of ethnic identification cannot be further unambiguously identified with a scale directed from the zero state (identity is not formed) to the positive pole (identity is formed and expressed). Instead of this onedimensional interpretation, a metaphor of space, which includes different forms and degrees of expression of ethnic identity, is proposed.
作者在分析当代社会哲学、社会学和社会心理学等领域的理论和实践研究的基础上,思考了与族群认同现象解释相关的趋势。对这一现象的多种解释,使我们能够研究其不同的表现形式和程度。网络社交媒体、多民族城市环境和非系统性政治进程被认为是影响所考虑现象转变的社会文化因素。结论是,不能用从零状态(身份未形成)到正极(身份形成和表达)的尺度进一步明确地识别种族认同的过程。代替这种单向度的解释,提出了一种空间隐喻,其中包含了不同形式和程度的民族身份表达。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Evaluation of the Condition of Academic Graduate School (Middle 2000s – Late 2010s) 学术型研究生院条件比较评价(2000年代中期- 2010年代后期)
Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-55-67
A. Ablazhey
The main task of the article was to identify the dynamics of changing social characteristics of graduate students from research institutes of Novosibirsk Academgorodok. For the comparative analysis we used the data of polls conducted in 2005 and 2018. We compared such variables as the reasons for admission to graduate school, assessments of the current state of the main elements of scientific activity, the expectations of graduate students about their future profession, primarily a scientific career, criteria and factors of its success. Based on these results we planned to identify the main trends inherent in graduate studies as the main method of training personnel for Russian science. It is concluded that at present the system of training highly qualified scientific personnel in the country is in an unstable state. As a result, there is an active discussion in the professional community about ways of further reforming graduate school.
本文的主要任务是确定新西伯利亚科学院研究所研究生社会特征变化的动态。为了进行比较分析,我们使用了2005年和2018年的民意调查数据。我们比较了诸如考入研究生院的原因、对科学活动主要要素现状的评估、研究生对其未来职业(主要是科学职业)的期望、成功的标准和因素等变量。根据这些结果,我们计划确定研究生学习作为培养俄罗斯科学人才的主要方法所固有的主要趋势。结论是,目前我国高素质科技人才培养体系处于不稳定状态。因此,对于研究生院的进一步改革,在专业领域展开了积极的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Epistemic Rationality in Political Theory 政治理论中的认知理性
Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-44-54
A. Shevchenko
The paper presents a brief analysis of the procedural approach towards constructing liberal political conceptions of justice and democracy. Treatment of J. Rawls’s evolution shows the negative consequences of abandoning external substantive criteria for theory evaluation, including efficiency, justification, truth. It also offers justification for the “epistemic turn” in contemporary political theory. The return of classical epistemological set of tools will help to strengthen the justification and legitimation of philosophical and political conceptions of justice and democracy by overcoming the key limitations of the procedural approach.
本文简要分析了构建自由主义政治正义与民主概念的程序方法。对罗尔斯的演变的处理显示了放弃外在的实质性理论评价标准的消极后果,包括效率、证明、真理。它也为当代政治理论的“认识论转向”提供了理由。经典认识论工具的回归将有助于通过克服程序方法的关键限制来加强正义和民主的哲学和政治概念的论证和合法化。
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引用次数: 0
Reception of Aristotle’s Works “De Animalibus” in Russia (18th – Early 20th Century) 俄国对亚里士多德作品《论动物》的接受(18世纪至20世纪初)
Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-115-130
O. Egorova
The article is dedicated to the analysis of fragments from the scientific works of Russian authors in 18th – early 20th century, which contain references to Aristotle’s “De Animalibus” texts. The author makes a conclusion about poor research and superficial reception of these Aristotle’s treatises in this period. “De Animalibus” texts didn’t play a big role in Russian culture, having primarily just a historical value.
本文致力于分析18世纪至20世纪初俄罗斯作家的科学著作片段,其中包含对亚里士多德“动物论”文本的参考。作者对这一时期亚里士多德论著的研究不足和接受肤浅作了总结。《论动物》文本在俄罗斯文化中并没有发挥重要作用,主要只是具有历史价值。
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引用次数: 0
Slavophiles on the Relationship between “Internal” and “External” in the Construction of the Boundaries of Russian Identity 亲斯拉夫主义者论俄罗斯认同边界建构中的“内”与“外”关系
Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-3-102-114
M. Shirokova
The article is devoted to the philosophy of classical Slavophilism, which the author considers as the first conception of Russian national identity, which reached the generalizations of the philosophical level. Self-identification of a people, as well as person, presupposes an understanding of their own characteristics in relation to “others”. The Slavophilеs viewed the West as the “Significant Other”. For the Slavophiles, one of the most important markers allowing to define the boundaries of the Russian identity was the antithesis of “internal” and “external”. Comparing her position with the one of the modern European researcher K. J. Mier, the author analyzes the use of this antithesis in Slavophil anthropology.
本文致力于古典斯拉夫主义哲学,作者认为这是俄罗斯民族认同的第一个概念,达到了哲学层面的概括。一个民族以及个人的自我认同,以理解他们与“他人”之间的关系为前提。斯拉夫主义者视西方为“重要的他者”。对斯拉夫派来说,界定俄罗斯身份边界的最重要标志之一是“内部”和“外部”的对立。作者将她的立场与现代欧洲研究者K. J. Mier的立场相比较,分析了这种对立在斯拉夫人类学中的运用。
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引用次数: 0
Sociocultural Space: On the ProЬlem ofExplanation and Understanding 社会文化空间:论ProЬlem的解释与理解
Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-2-75-87
V. Shmakov
The socio-cultural orientation of modernization processes changes the emphasis in the social development of mankind, emphasizes the need to determine the place and role of man in the world. The transformation of the socio-cultural space under the pressure of globalization dictates the need to understand the structure and functions that determine the vectors of development of the world community, changing the accents of evolution. Structurally, the socio-cultural space integrates the social and cultural potential of activities, including !оса! communities. It functionally ensures the reproduction of culture and sociality, sets the permissiЬle limits of reform, guaranteeing the preservation of socio-cultural integrity, implementing the functions of socialization, regulation, information, feedback.
现代化进程的社会文化取向改变了人类社会发展的重点,强调需要确定人在世界上的地位和作用。在全球化压力下社会文化空间的转变要求我们必须了解决定国际社会发展方向的结构和功能,改变进化的重点。在结构上,社会文化空间整合了活动的社会和文化潜力,包括!社区。它在功能上保证了文化和社会性的再生产,规定了改革的permissiЬle限度,保证了社会文化完整性的保存,实现了社会化、调节、信息、反馈的功能。
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引用次数: 1
Pantheistic Views on God and on the World bу Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling 《关于上帝和世界的泛神论观点》作者:弗里德里希·威廉·约瑟夫·谢林
Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-2-136-144
V. Lutsenko, N. N. Ivashko
An attempt is made to consider in more detail the pantheistic views of the German philosopher Wilhelm Joseph Schelling on God and the world. His teaching is based on the idea ofthe all-unity ofbeing. God and the Universe are identified in his system, thereby affirming his highest reality. Proclaiming the identity of God and the world, Schelling does not mean the real world of concrete things and phenomena, but its absolute fundamental principle. But such identification was the relegation of God to the level of finite existence. It was necessary to look for new ways to solve the proЬlem.
试图更详细地考虑德国哲学家威廉·约瑟夫·谢林对上帝和世界的泛神论观点。他的教学是基于万物一体的思想。上帝和宇宙在他的体系中被认同,从而肯定了他的最高实在。谢林宣称上帝与世界的同一性,不是指具体事物和现象的真实世界,而是指其绝对的基本原则。但这样的认同,就是把上帝贬为有限的存在。有必要寻找新的方法来解决proЬlem。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum Entanglement, Metaphysics of Relations, Dispositionalism and Е. J. Lowe's Ontology 量子纠缠,关系的形而上学,气质论和Е。罗氏本体论
Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-2-8-35
N. Golovko
The paper aims to make а fair supplement to the concept of "metaphysics of relations" (bу М. Esfeld) with а coгrect coгresponding interpretation of the dispositional natшe of characteristics within Е. J. Lowe's ontology. А reasoning from science to philosophy leads М. Esfeld to the conclusion that "quantum entanglement understood in terms of non-separability of states speaks for the metaphysics of relations that denies the presence of intrinsic characteristics of the related systems". The same naturalistic argument provides rationale for the Е. J. Lowe's claim that "the attribution of а characteristics to а given kind could bе metaphysically contingent" for "the laws of nature can bе exactly what they are revealed to us, only because there are no other substantial kinds that could instantiate objects". As а heuristics for the intentional interpretation ofE. J. Lowe's dispositionalism we deal with the requirements of "time-relativeness" and "relevance to causality" from W. Malzkorn's list of criteria of satisfactory representation of dispositions.
本文的目的是对“关系的形而上学”的概念(网址:М)作一个公平的补充。Esfeld)用coгrect coгresponding解释Е内部的特征的配置natшe。J. Lowe的本体论。А从科学到哲学的推理引导М。埃斯菲尔德得出的结论是,“从状态不可分性的角度来理解的量子纠缠,说明了关系的形而上学,否认了相关系统内在特征的存在”。同样的自然主义论点为Е提供了基本原理。J. Lowe的主张,“将特征归属于某一特定种类可能是形而上学上偶然的”,因为“自然法则可以完全是它们向我们揭示的东西,只是因为没有其他实体种类可以实例化对象”。作为e的意向性解释的启发式。在J. Lowe的性格论中,我们从W. Malzkorn的性格满意表征标准列表中处理“时间相对性”和“因果相关性”的要求。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-Cultural Space of the City: Ethno-Sociological Focus of Research 城市的社会文化空间:民族社会学的研究焦点
Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2021-19-2-117-135
S. Madyukova
The article highlights the importance of the ethno-social focus of the research in the analysis of the socio-cultural space of the city. The use of the concept of "creolization" allows us to understand the socioculture of the city as formed on the basis of the ethnic composition of the city in а certain period of time, including а differentiated plurality of ethnocultures, not homogeneous in its structure, but implying an eclectic mixing of cultures into а socio-cultural integrity. Using the example of NovosiЬirsk, the article analyzes the influence of the ethno-confessional composition on the socio-cultural portrait of the city. Using the example of visually identifiaЬle "ethnically marked" objects of urban space (museums, temples) and events (holidays, festivals), the author comes to the conclusion that а complete meaningful understanding of the sociocultural space of modern NovosiЬirsk is impossiЬle without taking into account its ethno-social component.
文章强调了研究的民族社会焦点在城市社会文化空间分析中的重要性。“克里奥尔化”概念的使用使我们能够理解城市的社会文化是在一定时期内城市的民族构成的基础上形成的,包括不同的多元民族文化,其结构不是同质的,但隐含着一种折衷的文化混合成社会文化的完整性。本文以NovosiЬirsk为例,分析了民族自白构图对城市社会文化画像的影响。以城市空间(博物馆、寺庙)和事件(节日、节日)中具有视觉identifiaЬle“民族标记”的物体为例,作者得出结论:对现代NovosiЬirsk社会文化空间的完整有意义的理解是impossiЬle,而不考虑其民族社会成分。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Siberian Journal of Philosophy
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