Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf259
Aleksandra Rizojeva-Silava, S. Zeverte-Rivza
. Milk is one of the most strategically important food products for the entire world and the dairy industry is one of the most important agricultural industries apart from grain production in the Baltic States - Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. In general, the dairy sector is very dynamic and responds to various factors (for example, total number of dairy farms, average milk yield per cow, milk price). In view of this fact, it is important to prepare and review the sector’s development outlook. Simulation models are often used in the preparation of sector outlooks. There are several simulation models that are used for projecting the agricultural sector (including dairy sector) in the European Union and one of them is the AGMEMOD model. The AGMEMOD model is an econometric and dynamic model with which it is possible to make projections and simulations to assess agricultural support instruments, programs, and policies at the European Union level and at individual Member States level. The regional focus of the AGMEMOD model is built on its representation of the agricultural commodities in each individual European Union member state and neighboring candidate, and other countries. AGMEMOD covers the most important agricultural activities of each country in detail. The purpose of this study is to analyse the dairy sector (including factors affecting the sector) in the Baltic States and using the AGMEMOD model. To reach these purposes, research tasks were set which helped analyse the key factors of the dairy sector in the Baltic States and the operation of the AGMEMOD model.
{"title":"Sector analysis of dairy sector in the balstic states using AGMEMOD model baseline validation","authors":"Aleksandra Rizojeva-Silava, S. Zeverte-Rivza","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf259","url":null,"abstract":". Milk is one of the most strategically important food products for the entire world and the dairy industry is one of the most important agricultural industries apart from grain production in the Baltic States - Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. In general, the dairy sector is very dynamic and responds to various factors (for example, total number of dairy farms, average milk yield per cow, milk price). In view of this fact, it is important to prepare and review the sector’s development outlook. Simulation models are often used in the preparation of sector outlooks. There are several simulation models that are used for projecting the agricultural sector (including dairy sector) in the European Union and one of them is the AGMEMOD model. The AGMEMOD model is an econometric and dynamic model with which it is possible to make projections and simulations to assess agricultural support instruments, programs, and policies at the European Union level and at individual Member States level. The regional focus of the AGMEMOD model is built on its representation of the agricultural commodities in each individual European Union member state and neighboring candidate, and other countries. AGMEMOD covers the most important agricultural activities of each country in detail. The purpose of this study is to analyse the dairy sector (including factors affecting the sector) in the Baltic States and using the AGMEMOD model. To reach these purposes, research tasks were set which helped analyse the key factors of the dairy sector in the Baltic States and the operation of the AGMEMOD model.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134010772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf141
O. Chernysh, V. Khmelovskyi, V. Bratishko, O. Achkevych
The article is devoted to improving the efficiency of water supply and watering animals in pastures and walking areas by optimizing the design and technological parameters of wind water stations. In the main studies of technologies and technical means the wind water stations are analyzed and it is revealed that wind energy in mechanical installations (mills, water pumps) has been used for several centuries. It has been established that the actual direction of increasing the efficiency of water wind stations is to protect the blades from destruction by very strong gusts of wind. A vibration stand was used to test fatigue and crack resistance of turbine elements with a horizontal axis of rotation of the water station. The operating frequency range of the shaker was within 5-5000 Hz, and the temperature values were -60...60 oС (213...333 K). The influence of operational defects on fatigue was studied on materials of different classes: DIT aluminum alloy and VT6S titanium alloy. The characteristics of crack resistance and endurance of the material of the blades is determined at different temperatures and asymmetry load cycle. It has been established that lowering the temperature increases the resistance to the tedious destruction of experimental materials, so that these phenomena manifest themselves in different ways. The DIT alloy is more sensitive to the effects sub-zero temperatures, according to the characteristics of crack resistance, than VT6S. For VT6S alloys, a decrease in temperature from 60 °C to -60 °C leads to minor changes in the threshold stress intensity factors and crack growth rate, while for FIT the thresholds increase by 3...4 times, and the crack growth rate decreases by 1...2 orders. For VT6S alloys, there is a slight decrease in fracture toughness with decreasing the temperature, however, at high temperatures, the crack resistance values are at a high level and are several times higher than those of DIT.
{"title":"Investigation of water lift station wind wheel blades","authors":"O. Chernysh, V. Khmelovskyi, V. Bratishko, O. Achkevych","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf141","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to improving the efficiency of water supply and watering animals in pastures and walking areas by optimizing the design and technological parameters of wind water stations. In the main studies of technologies and technical means the wind water stations are analyzed and it is revealed that wind energy in mechanical installations (mills, water pumps) has been used for several centuries. It has been established that the actual direction of increasing the efficiency of water wind stations is to protect the blades from destruction by very strong gusts of wind. A vibration stand was used to test fatigue and crack resistance of turbine elements with a horizontal axis of rotation of the water station. The operating frequency range of the shaker was within 5-5000 Hz, and the temperature values were -60...60 oС (213...333 K). The influence of operational defects on fatigue was studied on materials of different classes: DIT aluminum alloy and VT6S titanium alloy. The characteristics of crack resistance and endurance of the material of the blades is determined at different temperatures and asymmetry load cycle. It has been established that lowering the temperature increases the resistance to the tedious destruction of experimental materials, so that these phenomena manifest themselves in different ways. The DIT alloy is more sensitive to the effects sub-zero temperatures, according to the characteristics of crack resistance, than VT6S. For VT6S alloys, a decrease in temperature from 60 °C to -60 °C leads to minor changes in the threshold stress intensity factors and crack growth rate, while for FIT the thresholds increase by 3...4 times, and the crack growth rate decreases by 1...2 orders. For VT6S alloys, there is a slight decrease in fracture toughness with decreasing the temperature, however, at high temperatures, the crack resistance values are at a high level and are several times higher than those of DIT.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf060
K. Spade, J. Viba, M. Irbe, S. Vutukuru
The interaction of the lateral surface of an axially cylindrical prism with the fluid flow is studied. The prism moves in a translational motion (without rotation) in a fixed fluid, such as air. The effectiveness of such a reduced interaction analysis is important in reducing vehicle drag as well as increasing the speed of technical sports vehicles. Accordingly, the task of increasing the interaction forces involves extracting energy from the fluid. In the mathematical problem, the force of resistance of the prism to fluid movement, its minimum or maximum value, is chosen as the optimization criterion. The interaction between the prism and the fluid is described in an unconventional way, without using the concepts of drag and lift forces, but using the relationships of classical mechanics. For this purpose, the interaction of the prism with the fluid is divided into two zones: the pressure zone (in front of the prism) and the suction zone (at the back of the prism). Interactions with changes in the amount of motion of a fluid in a differential form are obtained. The relationships found are integrated in the simplest cases: for example, when the surfaces of a prism are broken planes. Two dominant forms of the prism are considered: the surfaces are only convex or the surfaces are only concave. Parametric optimization problems are solved numerically with a computer. As a result, optimal shapes are obtained for the minimum criterion and the maximum criterion. The main result of the research is the application of a new theory of fluid mechanics, which allows analytical or numerical solving of analysis, optimization and synthesis problems with the obtained formulas, without the use of space time programming, which would need to change the object shape, flow rate and direction in almost every integration step.
{"title":"Optimization of prism surface shape in interaction with fluid flow","authors":"K. Spade, J. Viba, M. Irbe, S. Vutukuru","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf060","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of the lateral surface of an axially cylindrical prism with the fluid flow is studied. The prism moves in a translational motion (without rotation) in a fixed fluid, such as air. The effectiveness of such a reduced interaction analysis is important in reducing vehicle drag as well as increasing the speed of technical sports vehicles. Accordingly, the task of increasing the interaction forces involves extracting energy from the fluid. In the mathematical problem, the force of resistance of the prism to fluid movement, its minimum or maximum value, is chosen as the optimization criterion. The interaction between the prism and the fluid is described in an unconventional way, without using the concepts of drag and lift forces, but using the relationships of classical mechanics. For this purpose, the interaction of the prism with the fluid is divided into two zones: the pressure zone (in front of the prism) and the suction zone (at the back of the prism). Interactions with changes in the amount of motion of a fluid in a differential form are obtained. The relationships found are integrated in the simplest cases: for example, when the surfaces of a prism are broken planes. Two dominant forms of the prism are considered: the surfaces are only convex or the surfaces are only concave. Parametric optimization problems are solved numerically with a computer. As a result, optimal shapes are obtained for the minimum criterion and the maximum criterion. The main result of the research is the application of a new theory of fluid mechanics, which allows analytical or numerical solving of analysis, optimization and synthesis problems with the obtained formulas, without the use of space time programming, which would need to change the object shape, flow rate and direction in almost every integration step.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131110683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf189
Rainers Blums, J. Zvirgzdins, I. Geipele
Taking into account that Jelgava is one of the largest cities in Latvia, the city’s urban environment must show an example that it is possible to develop sustainably. As the city adopts the concept of smart city development, its urban systems should operate in a rapid and efficient manner, and the city itself should comply with the principles of smart city mobility. As smart cities nowadays are developing rapidly and an important factor is their management systems and the opportunities offered by the urban environment, it is also necessary to base development on the above-mentioned elements when planning the development strategy of Jelgava. Thus, over the next few years, Jelgava needs to be developed as a smart city with modern transport infrastructure and technology-based everyday life in other sectors as well. One of the most important elements of Jelgava’s development is smart entrepreneurship, which, taking into account the current situation in Jelgava and trends in the development of the industry, can become one of the main cornerstones in the creation of a smart city. In addition, any smart city nowadays needs to involve its citizens as much as possible in the planning process. Active participation of citizens is one of the most important principles of successful urban development. In addition, it builds a cohesive and inclusive society, which also helps to build new generations of healthy, smart and sustainable-thinking members of society. The authors of the paper have developed conclusions and provided proposals for the further development of the urban environment of Jelgava, based on the principles of sustainable development and examples of smart cities in the world.
{"title":"Development strategy of sustainable urban environment in Jelgava","authors":"Rainers Blums, J. Zvirgzdins, I. Geipele","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf189","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account that Jelgava is one of the largest cities in Latvia, the city’s urban environment must show an example that it is possible to develop sustainably. As the city adopts the concept of smart city development, its urban systems should operate in a rapid and efficient manner, and the city itself should comply with the principles of smart city mobility. As smart cities nowadays are developing rapidly and an important factor is their management systems and the opportunities offered by the urban environment, it is also necessary to base development on the above-mentioned elements when planning the development strategy of Jelgava. Thus, over the next few years, Jelgava needs to be developed as a smart city with modern transport infrastructure and technology-based everyday life in other sectors as well. One of the most important elements of Jelgava’s development is smart entrepreneurship, which, taking into account the current situation in Jelgava and trends in the development of the industry, can become one of the main cornerstones in the creation of a smart city. In addition, any smart city nowadays needs to involve its citizens as much as possible in the planning process. Active participation of citizens is one of the most important principles of successful urban development. In addition, it builds a cohesive and inclusive society, which also helps to build new generations of healthy, smart and sustainable-thinking members of society. The authors of the paper have developed conclusions and provided proposals for the further development of the urban environment of Jelgava, based on the principles of sustainable development and examples of smart cities in the world.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125682064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf193
A. Kovalovs, S. Ručevskis, K. Dzelzītis, A. Chate
The paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the non-destructive numerical-experimental method for the identification of the elastic properties in laminated composite plate. The identification was performed on a laminated carbon fibre composite plate with laminate stacking sequence 0o/90o. The method is based on comparing natural frequencies between physical experiment and numerical results obtained by using response surface. Minimizing the error functional between the numerical and experimental data of vibration responses, the identification of materials properties can be performed. When solving the identification problem, it is recommended to take all experimentally obtained frequencies into the error functional. At the same time, different amounts of natural frequencies used for identification in the error functional show various values of material properties. Depending on the amount of frequencies in the error functional, different values of the elastic properties can be obtained. Eleven combinations of frequencies were used for identification of elastic properties. The percentage difference between experimentally measured and numerically calculated frequencies with various values of obtained elastic constants do not exceed 2.4%. Despite different values of elastic constants, small percentage difference shows good agreement between experimentally measured and numerically calculated frequencies. It can be seen that elastic constants obtained for the composite plate are fairly accurate in each case and can be used for modelling composite structures.
{"title":"Sensitivity of non-destructive technique for determination of material properties in reinforced laminated composite plate based on vibration response","authors":"A. Kovalovs, S. Ručevskis, K. Dzelzītis, A. Chate","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf193","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the non-destructive numerical-experimental method for the identification of the elastic properties in laminated composite plate. The identification was performed on a laminated carbon fibre composite plate with laminate stacking sequence 0o/90o. The method is based on comparing natural frequencies between physical experiment and numerical results obtained by using response surface. Minimizing the error functional between the numerical and experimental data of vibration responses, the identification of materials properties can be performed. When solving the identification problem, it is recommended to take all experimentally obtained frequencies into the error functional. At the same time, different amounts of natural frequencies used for identification in the error functional show various values of material properties. Depending on the amount of frequencies in the error functional, different values of the elastic properties can be obtained. Eleven combinations of frequencies were used for identification of elastic properties. The percentage difference between experimentally measured and numerically calculated frequencies with various values of obtained elastic constants do not exceed 2.4%. Despite different values of elastic constants, small percentage difference shows good agreement between experimentally measured and numerically calculated frequencies. It can be seen that elastic constants obtained for the composite plate are fairly accurate in each case and can be used for modelling composite structures.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122906042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf003
J. Dižo, M. Blatnický, R. Melnik, E. Mikhailov, S. Semenov, Jakub Kurtulik
Agriculture still belongs to the important parts of industry. Modern agriculture cannot do effectively and economically without state-of-art machines. They are usually the most often towed by a tractor and, in principle, they have the form of a trailer. A tipping trailer is still the most common type of trailers. It has very universal use. The big advantage of a tipping trailer is the possibility to unload it without another handling machine (cranes, diggers etc.). If a company wants to introduce a new product to the market to compete in tough competition, the product must fulfil quite strict criteria not only from the workshop processing and design point of view. It must mainly meet the requirements and criteria from the reliability, safety and long-term operation point of view. This article brings results of the research, which is intended to design a single-axle tipping tractor trailer. The trailer consists of two main parts, a frame and a superstructure. Both parts of the trailer must undergo strength analyses under determined loading conditions. While the results of strength analyses of the frame were already presented in the previous event, this work shows an overview of the strength analysis of the tipping superstructure of the trailer. The structure has been analysed under static loads and dynamical effects have been taken into account by means of the dynamic coefficient. The task has been performed by application of the finite element method. Three load cases have been chosen, namely, driving of the trailer on an even road, side tipping and back tipping. The strength analyses have shown, that for the first load case, the maximal stress value is of 255 MPa, for the second case it is of 206 MPa and for the third case it is of 225 MPa. The results have shown that the designed structure of the tipping superstructure is able to withstand the given loads and it can be used in practice.
{"title":"Static analysis of tipping superstructure of single-axle tractor trialer","authors":"J. Dižo, M. Blatnický, R. Melnik, E. Mikhailov, S. Semenov, Jakub Kurtulik","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf003","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture still belongs to the important parts of industry. Modern agriculture cannot do effectively and economically without state-of-art machines. They are usually the most often towed by a tractor and, in principle, they have the form of a trailer. A tipping trailer is still the most common type of trailers. It has very universal use. The big advantage of a tipping trailer is the possibility to unload it without another handling machine (cranes, diggers etc.). If a company wants to introduce a new product to the market to compete in tough competition, the product must fulfil quite strict criteria not only from the workshop processing and design point of view. It must mainly meet the requirements and criteria from the reliability, safety and long-term operation point of view. This article brings results of the research, which is intended to design a single-axle tipping tractor trailer. The trailer consists of two main parts, a frame and a superstructure. Both parts of the trailer must undergo strength analyses under determined loading conditions. While the results of strength analyses of the frame were already presented in the previous event, this work shows an overview of the strength analysis of the tipping superstructure of the trailer. The structure has been analysed under static loads and dynamical effects have been taken into account by means of the dynamic coefficient. The task has been performed by application of the finite element method. Three load cases have been chosen, namely, driving of the trailer on an even road, side tipping and back tipping. The strength analyses have shown, that for the first load case, the maximal stress value is of 255 MPa, for the second case it is of 206 MPa and for the third case it is of 225 MPa. The results have shown that the designed structure of the tipping superstructure is able to withstand the given loads and it can be used in practice.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116670591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf201
S. Nikolaenko, V. Ivanyshyn, O. Bulgakova, Lesya Zbaravska, V. Vasileva, Mykhailo Torchuk, Ilmars Dukulis
. Introduction of new state educational standards into the educational process, orientation towards a competent learning paradigm, and increase in the amount of independent work of the students necessitated the improvement of the existing approaches to modelling the integration processes in the system of higher agro-technical education. Unfortunately, under modern conditions, the educational potential of physics and general technical disciplines in the integrative version of their content and methodological aspects is not realised at the required level. The purpose of this work is to study the problem of the formation of professional competence of the future engineers in the process of integrating natural (physics) and general technical disciplines. Efficiency of the models for the formation of professional competence of the future engineers by integrating physics and general technical disciplines, which are based on personal activity, competence-based, problem-integrative, contextual and system approaches, is substantiated and experimentally tested. There are determined the psychological and pedagogical conditions for implementation of these models in the process of studying physics, technical mechanics, hydromechanics, technical thermodynamics and electrical engineering. The positive dynamics of the results of the formation of professional competencies of models and their impact upon the components of professional competence are recorded. This was carried out by applying a frame approach to the assimilation of scientific knowledge, using integrative learning technologies, as well as increasing their cognitive activity, motivating students to study physics and general technical disciplines, and developing educational reflection.
{"title":"Programming of pedagogical technology for formation of professional competence when studying natural and general technical disciplines","authors":"S. Nikolaenko, V. Ivanyshyn, O. Bulgakova, Lesya Zbaravska, V. Vasileva, Mykhailo Torchuk, Ilmars Dukulis","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf201","url":null,"abstract":". Introduction of new state educational standards into the educational process, orientation towards a competent learning paradigm, and increase in the amount of independent work of the students necessitated the improvement of the existing approaches to modelling the integration processes in the system of higher agro-technical education. Unfortunately, under modern conditions, the educational potential of physics and general technical disciplines in the integrative version of their content and methodological aspects is not realised at the required level. The purpose of this work is to study the problem of the formation of professional competence of the future engineers in the process of integrating natural (physics) and general technical disciplines. Efficiency of the models for the formation of professional competence of the future engineers by integrating physics and general technical disciplines, which are based on personal activity, competence-based, problem-integrative, contextual and system approaches, is substantiated and experimentally tested. There are determined the psychological and pedagogical conditions for implementation of these models in the process of studying physics, technical mechanics, hydromechanics, technical thermodynamics and electrical engineering. The positive dynamics of the results of the formation of professional competencies of models and their impact upon the components of professional competence are recorded. This was carried out by applying a frame approach to the assimilation of scientific knowledge, using integrative learning technologies, as well as increasing their cognitive activity, motivating students to study physics and general technical disciplines, and developing educational reflection.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126744164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf078
Umesh H. Vavaliya
Research in parametric analysis based on numerical simulation of composite materials reinforced by weft-knitted fabric is carried out. The aim of this research is to predict the mechanical properties of the composite by experiments and the SolidWorks simulation within given assumptions and boundary conditions. The yarns were impregnated with epoxy solution and dried in further process for the experiment. The impregnation process helps control the fiber-resin ratio. The different fiber volume fraction is tested to see the effect of impregnation on the elasticity of the composite. The same analysis is done on three different composites, Carbon yarn (230 GPa), Steel yarn (210 GPa), and Hybrid CarbonSteel yarn as reinforcing material and Epoxy(4 GPa) as the matrix material. Leaf and Glaskin models were used to create a loop structure of the knitted fabric. To reduce the complexity and overall computational time, a generalized structure called the unit cell is created for the entire model due to the symmetrical shape of loops. The numerical simulation is done in transverse directions by fixing the geometry on one side and applying displacement on the other side. Composites were tested by tension experimentally (ASTM D3039 standard method) and numerically (Finite element analysis) until fracture of the fiber structure. The maximum value of stress is taken into consideration for both principal directions. Simple Hooke’s law was used to calculate elasticity and eventually other mechanical properties of the material. The effect of single and multithread on the elastic properties of composite materials was determined. The results of elasticity for the different values of fiber volume fraction of 0.1 to 0.5 were determined and compared with the experimental data. The obtained results are in great agreement with the experiment data.
{"title":"Parametric numerical simulation of composite reinforced by knitted fabric","authors":"Umesh H. Vavaliya","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf078","url":null,"abstract":"Research in parametric analysis based on numerical simulation of composite materials reinforced by weft-knitted fabric is carried out. The aim of this research is to predict the mechanical properties of the composite by experiments and the SolidWorks simulation within given assumptions and boundary conditions. The yarns were impregnated with epoxy solution and dried in further process for the experiment. The impregnation process helps control the fiber-resin ratio. The different fiber volume fraction is tested to see the effect of impregnation on the elasticity of the composite. The same analysis is done on three different composites, Carbon yarn (230 GPa), Steel yarn (210 GPa), and Hybrid CarbonSteel yarn as reinforcing material and Epoxy(4 GPa) as the matrix material. Leaf and Glaskin models were used to create a loop structure of the knitted fabric. To reduce the complexity and overall computational time, a generalized structure called the unit cell is created for the entire model due to the symmetrical shape of loops. The numerical simulation is done in transverse directions by fixing the geometry on one side and applying displacement on the other side. Composites were tested by tension experimentally (ASTM D3039 standard method) and numerically (Finite element analysis) until fracture of the fiber structure. The maximum value of stress is taken into consideration for both principal directions. Simple Hooke’s law was used to calculate elasticity and eventually other mechanical properties of the material. The effect of single and multithread on the elastic properties of composite materials was determined. The results of elasticity for the different values of fiber volume fraction of 0.1 to 0.5 were determined and compared with the experimental data. The obtained results are in great agreement with the experiment data.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129264301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf125
Tabita Treilande, I. Iltiņš
We consider a non-standard method that has been used for solving parabolic heat equations, but never to solve hyperbolic equations describing oscillatory processes. This technique was developed by Abraham Temkin (1919-2007) in the 1960s and the concept summary is described in the monograph by A. Temkin, “Inverse Methods of Heat Conduction”, Moscow: Energija Press, 1973; 464 p. (in Russian). The method is based on the fact that for non-stationary heat conduction with non-stationary boundary conditions, the influence of initial conditions on the temperature distribution decreases. And after a while, one can assume that the temperature distribution is determined only by a change of boundary conditions over time. Hyperbolic equations have the same property, so it is useful to check whether this method applies to hyperbolic equations. When applying Temkin’s method, we seek a solution in the form of a series where each term is a product of a derivative of the given boundary condition and an unknown function P of a space variable. Plugging the series into the given differential equation yields a system of ordinary differential equations. When solving this, we find the spatial functions P. Further, we compare the classical solution with the solution obtained by this method. The spatial functions are either polynomials or expressions that contain a polynomial as an addend, depending on the geometry of the domain and the type of the boundary conditions. Such a solution allows us to formulate the inverse problem to find the speed of propagation, knowing amplitudes of oscillations at an intermediate point of the domain. The method proposed here allows us to obtain simple formulas for approximate solution of the inverse problem.
{"title":"Non-standard method of solving direct and inverse problems for hyperbolic equations","authors":"Tabita Treilande, I. Iltiņš","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf125","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a non-standard method that has been used for solving parabolic heat equations, but never to solve hyperbolic equations describing oscillatory processes. This technique was developed by Abraham Temkin (1919-2007) in the 1960s and the concept summary is described in the monograph by A. Temkin, “Inverse Methods of Heat Conduction”, Moscow: Energija Press, 1973; 464 p. (in Russian). The method is based on the fact that for non-stationary heat conduction with non-stationary boundary conditions, the influence of initial conditions on the temperature distribution decreases. And after a while, one can assume that the temperature distribution is determined only by a change of boundary conditions over time. Hyperbolic equations have the same property, so it is useful to check whether this method applies to hyperbolic equations. When applying Temkin’s method, we seek a solution in the form of a series where each term is a product of a derivative of the given boundary condition and an unknown function P of a space variable. Plugging the series into the given differential equation yields a system of ordinary differential equations. When solving this, we find the spatial functions P. Further, we compare the classical solution with the solution obtained by this method. The spatial functions are either polynomials or expressions that contain a polynomial as an addend, depending on the geometry of the domain and the type of the boundary conditions. Such a solution allows us to formulate the inverse problem to find the speed of propagation, knowing amplitudes of oscillations at an intermediate point of the domain. The method proposed here allows us to obtain simple formulas for approximate solution of the inverse problem.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-25DOI: 10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf169
Lihui Zhang, Zhijun Sun, Yuan Li, Y. Zhao, Hao Zhao
. Alloy Co-9Al-10W-4Mo was investigated on the microstructure and phase transformation, the following results were obtained. Eutectic Crystal containing the µ phase and B2 phase appeared as cast alloy, and solid solution treatment at 1300 ºC for 8h homogenized the structure to form the µ phase for supersaturation of W. Following aging at 900 ºC for 50 h induces the rod-like DO19 phase precipitation in the γ / γ ´ matrix structure. DO19 phase appeared between µ / γ interface after aging at 900 ºC for 300 h and 600 h and promoted more transformation from the µ phase to DO19 phase. Diffusion of W/Mo between the µ phase and matrix after long term aging is the main factor that induces phase transformation. Addition of Mo to Co-9Al-10W alloy prompts precipitation of the µ phase, and Mo was a W-like element. Formation of the DO19 phase in the interface decreases the interface energy induced by misfit between µ / γ crystallographic parameter.
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and phase transformation in quaternary Co-9Al-10W-4Mo alloy during heat treatment","authors":"Lihui Zhang, Zhijun Sun, Yuan Li, Y. Zhao, Hao Zhao","doi":"10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2022.21.tf169","url":null,"abstract":". Alloy Co-9Al-10W-4Mo was investigated on the microstructure and phase transformation, the following results were obtained. Eutectic Crystal containing the µ phase and B2 phase appeared as cast alloy, and solid solution treatment at 1300 ºC for 8h homogenized the structure to form the µ phase for supersaturation of W. Following aging at 900 ºC for 50 h induces the rod-like DO19 phase precipitation in the γ / γ ´ matrix structure. DO19 phase appeared between µ / γ interface after aging at 900 ºC for 300 h and 600 h and promoted more transformation from the µ phase to DO19 phase. Diffusion of W/Mo between the µ phase and matrix after long term aging is the main factor that induces phase transformation. Addition of Mo to Co-9Al-10W alloy prompts precipitation of the µ phase, and Mo was a W-like element. Formation of the DO19 phase in the interface decreases the interface energy induced by misfit between µ / γ crystallographic parameter.","PeriodicalId":244107,"journal":{"name":"21st International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings","volume":"66 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130769692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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