Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829597
S. Vinogradov, A. Arodzero, R. Lanza
Existing requirements for high throughput cargo radiography inspection include high resolution images (better than 5 mm line pair resolution), penetration beyond 400 mm steel equivalent, material discrimination (organic, inorganic, high Z), high scan speeds (> 10kph, up to 60kph), low dose and small radiation exclusion zone; all in a cost effective system. To meet and exceed these requirements research into a number of new radiography methods has been initiated. Novel concepts relying on intrapulse modulated energy X-ray sources, mono-energetic gamma-ray sources, and new types of fast X-ray detectors, Scintillation-Cherenkov Detectors, are expected to be more beneficial being combined with unique features of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) technology.
{"title":"Performance of X-ray detectors with SiPM readout in cargo accelerator-based inspection systems","authors":"S. Vinogradov, A. Arodzero, R. Lanza","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829597","url":null,"abstract":"Existing requirements for high throughput cargo radiography inspection include high resolution images (better than 5 mm line pair resolution), penetration beyond 400 mm steel equivalent, material discrimination (organic, inorganic, high Z), high scan speeds (> 10kph, up to 60kph), low dose and small radiation exclusion zone; all in a cost effective system. To meet and exceed these requirements research into a number of new radiography methods has been initiated. Novel concepts relying on intrapulse modulated energy X-ray sources, mono-energetic gamma-ray sources, and new types of fast X-ray detectors, Scintillation-Cherenkov Detectors, are expected to be more beneficial being combined with unique features of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) technology.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"7 9-10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829273
Qingyang Wei, Xingdong Li, Tianyu Ma, Shi Wang, T. Dai, Peng Fan, Yu Yunhan, Yongjie Jin, Yaqiang Liu
Positron emission tomography (PET) is typically based on 2-D array of scintillation crystals coupled to photon detector and decoded by the Anger-logic. The decoded result is a pseudo-position of the gamma interaction. A crystal position map (CPM) generated from the flood histogram is used as a crystal look-up table (CLT) to assign each pseudo-position to a specific crystal. It is crucial that the accuracy of CPMs affects the detector's spatial resolution. In this paper, we developed a neighborhood standard deviation (NSD) based algorithm for generating CPM. We first calculated the NSD of each pixel in the flood histogram including the x and y directions. NSD maps have strips whose peaks highly correspond to the valley of the flood histogram. The peaks were identified by fitting the profiles of NSD to Gaussian mixture functions using nonlinear least-square method. Using the peaks, the CPM was generated by a scan line algorithm. The proposed algorithm was applied in an animal PET system. 115 of 120 detector blocks can be automatically segmented in ~1000 s. A hot rod phantom experiment was performed, and the reconstruction results showed that the one with CPM generated by NSD based automatic method achieved higher spatial resolution than the one with CPM generated by manual segmentation. We concluded that the proposed method is fast, robust and high accuracy.
{"title":"A neighborhood standard deviation based algorithm for generating PET crystal position maps","authors":"Qingyang Wei, Xingdong Li, Tianyu Ma, Shi Wang, T. Dai, Peng Fan, Yu Yunhan, Yongjie Jin, Yaqiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829273","url":null,"abstract":"Positron emission tomography (PET) is typically based on 2-D array of scintillation crystals coupled to photon detector and decoded by the Anger-logic. The decoded result is a pseudo-position of the gamma interaction. A crystal position map (CPM) generated from the flood histogram is used as a crystal look-up table (CLT) to assign each pseudo-position to a specific crystal. It is crucial that the accuracy of CPMs affects the detector's spatial resolution. In this paper, we developed a neighborhood standard deviation (NSD) based algorithm for generating CPM. We first calculated the NSD of each pixel in the flood histogram including the x and y directions. NSD maps have strips whose peaks highly correspond to the valley of the flood histogram. The peaks were identified by fitting the profiles of NSD to Gaussian mixture functions using nonlinear least-square method. Using the peaks, the CPM was generated by a scan line algorithm. The proposed algorithm was applied in an animal PET system. 115 of 120 detector blocks can be automatically segmented in ~1000 s. A hot rod phantom experiment was performed, and the reconstruction results showed that the one with CPM generated by NSD based automatic method achieved higher spatial resolution than the one with CPM generated by manual segmentation. We concluded that the proposed method is fast, robust and high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114140486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829773
A. Manazza, L. Gaioni, M. Manghisoni, L. Ratti, V. Re, G. Traversi, C. Vacchi
This work is concerned with the characterization of a large matrix of deep n-well (DNW) 130 nm CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) with an FPGA based system. The acquisition system has been configured to stimulate the sensor and process the output data of the devices under test. Characterization results provide evidence of a remarkably high yield in the vertical integration process interconnecting the two layers fabricated by Globalfoundries and subsequently processed by Tezzaron Semiconductor.
{"title":"Characterization of a large scale DNW MAPS fabricated in a 3D integration process","authors":"A. Manazza, L. Gaioni, M. Manghisoni, L. Ratti, V. Re, G. Traversi, C. Vacchi","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829773","url":null,"abstract":"This work is concerned with the characterization of a large matrix of deep n-well (DNW) 130 nm CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) with an FPGA based system. The acquisition system has been configured to stimulate the sensor and process the output data of the devices under test. Characterization results provide evidence of a remarkably high yield in the vertical integration process interconnecting the two layers fabricated by Globalfoundries and subsequently processed by Tezzaron Semiconductor.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122228181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829255
Kerstin Muller, A. Maier, P. Fischer, Bastian Bier, G. Lauritsch, C. Schwemmer, R. Fahrig, J. Hornegger
In interventional cardiology, three-dimensional anatomical and functional information of the cardiac chambers, e.g. the left ventricle, would have an important impact on diagnosis and therapy. With the technology of C-arm CT it is possible to reconstruct intraprocedural 3-D images from angiographic projection data. Due to the long acquisition time of several seconds, motion-related artifacts, like blurring or streaks, occur. Therefore, the heart dynamics need to be taken into account in order to improve the reconstruction results. When it comes to the evaluation of different motion estimation and compensation algorithms and techniques of motion analysis, there is still a lack of comparability of the final reconstructions and motion parameters between the research groups. Since the results are heavily dependent on the applied motion pattern and simulation parameters, the experiments are not reproducible. We try to overcome these problems by providing varying left heart ventricle phantom datasets, consisting of projection images as well as extracted surface meshes. Up to now, there are six different datasets available: one with a normal sinus rhythm, one with a normal sinus rhythm and a catheter, one with a lateral wall defect of the ventricle, two with a lateral contraction phase shift and one without any motion. The existing datasets are based on a phantom similar to the 4D XCAT phantom with a contrasted left ventricle, myocardium, and aorta. The geometry calibration and acquisition protocol from a real clinical C-arm scanner are used. A webpage is provided where the data and the necessary files are publicly available for download at conrad.stanford.edu/data/heart.
{"title":"Left ventricular heart phantom for wall motion analysis","authors":"Kerstin Muller, A. Maier, P. Fischer, Bastian Bier, G. Lauritsch, C. Schwemmer, R. Fahrig, J. Hornegger","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829255","url":null,"abstract":"In interventional cardiology, three-dimensional anatomical and functional information of the cardiac chambers, e.g. the left ventricle, would have an important impact on diagnosis and therapy. With the technology of C-arm CT it is possible to reconstruct intraprocedural 3-D images from angiographic projection data. Due to the long acquisition time of several seconds, motion-related artifacts, like blurring or streaks, occur. Therefore, the heart dynamics need to be taken into account in order to improve the reconstruction results. When it comes to the evaluation of different motion estimation and compensation algorithms and techniques of motion analysis, there is still a lack of comparability of the final reconstructions and motion parameters between the research groups. Since the results are heavily dependent on the applied motion pattern and simulation parameters, the experiments are not reproducible. We try to overcome these problems by providing varying left heart ventricle phantom datasets, consisting of projection images as well as extracted surface meshes. Up to now, there are six different datasets available: one with a normal sinus rhythm, one with a normal sinus rhythm and a catheter, one with a lateral wall defect of the ventricle, two with a lateral contraction phase shift and one without any motion. The existing datasets are based on a phantom similar to the 4D XCAT phantom with a contrasted left ventricle, myocardium, and aorta. The geometry calibration and acquisition protocol from a real clinical C-arm scanner are used. A webpage is provided where the data and the necessary files are publicly available for download at conrad.stanford.edu/data/heart.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129867543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829845
O. Koybasi, E. Cazalas, I. Childres, I. Jovanovic, Yong P. Chen
Our work demonstrates the potential of gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) fabricated on a variety of undoped semiconductor substrates such as SiC, CdTe, and GaAs to sense ionizing radiation with promise of high sensitivity, low noise, low power, and room temperature operation. We exploit distinct material properties of different substrates to address different application regimes. Radiation detection with GFET is based on the high sensitivity of graphene resistivity on local electric field perturbations caused by ionized charges generated in the radiation absorbing semiconductor substrate. Light, X-rays, and gamma rays have been detected in our experiments.
{"title":"Detection of light, X-rays, and gamma rays using graphene field effect transistors fabricated on SiC, CdTe, and AlGaAs/GaAs substrates","authors":"O. Koybasi, E. Cazalas, I. Childres, I. Jovanovic, Yong P. Chen","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829845","url":null,"abstract":"Our work demonstrates the potential of gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) fabricated on a variety of undoped semiconductor substrates such as SiC, CdTe, and GaAs to sense ionizing radiation with promise of high sensitivity, low noise, low power, and room temperature operation. We exploit distinct material properties of different substrates to address different application regimes. Radiation detection with GFET is based on the high sensitivity of graphene resistivity on local electric field perturbations caused by ionized charges generated in the radiation absorbing semiconductor substrate. Light, X-rays, and gamma rays have been detected in our experiments.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128334957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829137
H. Lim, Yong Choi, Jin Ho Jung, Jiwoong Jung, C. Oh, Kyung Min Kim, Jong Guk Kim, Hyun-wook Park
The hybrid PET and MRI which could provide information on functional and structural images was required to improve the mutual compatibility. The purpose of this study is to propose a new electromagnetic shielding material; Au plated conductive fabric (Au PCF) tape, and evaluated shielding effectiveness of Au PCF tape and Cu foil for insertable PET in hybrid PET/MRI. The PET consisted of 18 detector blocks arranged in a ring of 390 mm diameter and 60 mm axial FOV. Each detector block was constituted of 4 × 4 matrix of detector module, each of which consisted of a 4 × 4 array LSO coupled to a 4 × 4 GAPD array. The PET gantry was positioned in center of two 3T Human MRIs and shielded with Au PCF tape or Cu foil. The PET readout electronics were enclosed in an aluminum shielding box behind MRI. RF head coil was also shielded with Au PCF tape or Cu foil to improve shielding effects. The MR image of cylindrical water phantom was acquired to evaluate MR image homogeneity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with various MR sequences. The homogeneity of MR Images was similar without and with PET gantry shielded with Au PCF tape and Cu foil. SNRs measured without and with PET gantry shielded with Au PCF tape have small differences (<;4%). SNR was decreased <;~9% with PET gantry shielded with Cu foil. Experimental results indicate that Au PCF tape have good performance of electromagnetic shielding to reduce the effect of RF noise on the MR image in hybrid PET-MR.
{"title":"Evaluation of RF noise shielding effectiveness for the improvement of MR image in hybrid PET/MRI","authors":"H. Lim, Yong Choi, Jin Ho Jung, Jiwoong Jung, C. Oh, Kyung Min Kim, Jong Guk Kim, Hyun-wook Park","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829137","url":null,"abstract":"The hybrid PET and MRI which could provide information on functional and structural images was required to improve the mutual compatibility. The purpose of this study is to propose a new electromagnetic shielding material; Au plated conductive fabric (Au PCF) tape, and evaluated shielding effectiveness of Au PCF tape and Cu foil for insertable PET in hybrid PET/MRI. The PET consisted of 18 detector blocks arranged in a ring of 390 mm diameter and 60 mm axial FOV. Each detector block was constituted of 4 × 4 matrix of detector module, each of which consisted of a 4 × 4 array LSO coupled to a 4 × 4 GAPD array. The PET gantry was positioned in center of two 3T Human MRIs and shielded with Au PCF tape or Cu foil. The PET readout electronics were enclosed in an aluminum shielding box behind MRI. RF head coil was also shielded with Au PCF tape or Cu foil to improve shielding effects. The MR image of cylindrical water phantom was acquired to evaluate MR image homogeneity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with various MR sequences. The homogeneity of MR Images was similar without and with PET gantry shielded with Au PCF tape and Cu foil. SNRs measured without and with PET gantry shielded with Au PCF tape have small differences (<;4%). SNR was decreased <;~9% with PET gantry shielded with Cu foil. Experimental results indicate that Au PCF tape have good performance of electromagnetic shielding to reduce the effect of RF noise on the MR image in hybrid PET-MR.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128416073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829579
Yigang Yang, Chenguang Li, Cai Chen, Xuewu Wang, Yuanjing Li
Boron lined gaseous detector is one of the alternative detector types that possibly replace the helium-3 counter. The most important problem in the realization of boron-lined gaseous detector is how to plate thin boron film on the surface of large area substrate. Though methods of PVD (physical vapor deposition) can plate B4C layer effectively with good thickness uniformity and adhesion, they suffer from the drawback that the area of substrate, typically 0.1 m2 in once coating process, is far smaller than required in SANS (small angle neutron scattering) spectrometry. ALD (Atomic layer deposition) technique, which is a kind of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, can plate boron on the surface of large aspect ratio (at most 2000:1) substrate, so it can accommodate large area substrates. Honeycomb detector, which is composed of many small honeycomb cells with 6 mm side length, has very large surface area and is placed inside the reaction chamber of ALD machine to deposit boron layer on the surface of it to realize high detection efficiency. BBr3 and H2O are used as precursors to form B2O3 layer and diethyl zinc and H2O are used as precursors to form ZnO film, the passivation layer. 0.04 mg/cm2 of B2O3 is deposited after 2250 cycles of growth. The boron lined honeycomb then is filled with 95% argon + 5% CO2 to be a proportional counter. Its neutron sensitivity is tested under the thermal neutron field provided by a photoneutron source. The preliminary result shows that the neutron sensitivity of the honeycomb detector would be 1.26 × 10-2 cm2 (for one cell) and 1.15 cm2 (for the whole detector).
{"title":"Research of boron lined honey-neutron detector realized with atomic layer deposition","authors":"Yigang Yang, Chenguang Li, Cai Chen, Xuewu Wang, Yuanjing Li","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829579","url":null,"abstract":"Boron lined gaseous detector is one of the alternative detector types that possibly replace the helium-3 counter. The most important problem in the realization of boron-lined gaseous detector is how to plate thin boron film on the surface of large area substrate. Though methods of PVD (physical vapor deposition) can plate B4C layer effectively with good thickness uniformity and adhesion, they suffer from the drawback that the area of substrate, typically 0.1 m2 in once coating process, is far smaller than required in SANS (small angle neutron scattering) spectrometry. ALD (Atomic layer deposition) technique, which is a kind of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, can plate boron on the surface of large aspect ratio (at most 2000:1) substrate, so it can accommodate large area substrates. Honeycomb detector, which is composed of many small honeycomb cells with 6 mm side length, has very large surface area and is placed inside the reaction chamber of ALD machine to deposit boron layer on the surface of it to realize high detection efficiency. BBr3 and H2O are used as precursors to form B2O3 layer and diethyl zinc and H2O are used as precursors to form ZnO film, the passivation layer. 0.04 mg/cm2 of B2O3 is deposited after 2250 cycles of growth. The boron lined honeycomb then is filled with 95% argon + 5% CO2 to be a proportional counter. Its neutron sensitivity is tested under the thermal neutron field provided by a photoneutron source. The preliminary result shows that the neutron sensitivity of the honeycomb detector would be 1.26 × 10-2 cm2 (for one cell) and 1.15 cm2 (for the whole detector).","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829303
C. Kurz, J. Bauer, D. Unholtz, C. Gianoli, S. Combs, J. Debus, D. Richter, R. Kaděrka, C. Bert, Kristin Stutzer, G. Baroni, K. Parodi
At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, patient treatment is monitored offline by comparing the irradiation-induced β+-activity, measured by a commercial full-ring PET/CT scanner installed next to the treatment site, with a corresponding Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation on the basis of the planned treatment. While the usefulness of 3D offline PET-based treatment verification has already been shown, the feasibility of 4D offline PET-based treatment monitoring, accounting for the tumour motion during the irradiation and the subsequent PET acquisition, still needs to be demonstrated. In this work, PMMA phantoms of different geometries were irradiated once under stationary and once under moving conditions. In the latter case, a pressure sensor motion surrogate was used to monitor the rigid target movement during the gated ion-beam application and the following PET acquisition. In the same way, respiratory motion was monitored during the irradiation and subsequent PET/CT scans of several patients with respiratory motion affected target volumes in the liver. In all cases, the knowledge or estimation (from 4D CT) of the target trajectory enabled a 4D analysis of the actual ion-beam delivery and the post-irradiation PET. The reconstructed 4D PET data were compared to the stationary reference (phantom study only) and to the results of a dedicated 4D MC simulation framework. In the simplified scenario of high dose irradiation of moving phantoms results comparable to the static reference measurements could be obtained by using the available gated 4D PET image reconstruction. However, time-resolved analysis of the clinical data was found to suffer from the very low counting statistics, hindering a reliable verification of the applied treatment under consideration of the tumour motion. Still, in the case of small respiratory motion amplitudes (below 1cm), therapy application could be verified by comparing the 3D reconstructed PET data to a 3D MC prediction.
{"title":"Current status of 4D offline PET-based treatment verification at the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center","authors":"C. Kurz, J. Bauer, D. Unholtz, C. Gianoli, S. Combs, J. Debus, D. Richter, R. Kaděrka, C. Bert, Kristin Stutzer, G. Baroni, K. Parodi","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829303","url":null,"abstract":"At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, patient treatment is monitored offline by comparing the irradiation-induced β+-activity, measured by a commercial full-ring PET/CT scanner installed next to the treatment site, with a corresponding Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation on the basis of the planned treatment. While the usefulness of 3D offline PET-based treatment verification has already been shown, the feasibility of 4D offline PET-based treatment monitoring, accounting for the tumour motion during the irradiation and the subsequent PET acquisition, still needs to be demonstrated. In this work, PMMA phantoms of different geometries were irradiated once under stationary and once under moving conditions. In the latter case, a pressure sensor motion surrogate was used to monitor the rigid target movement during the gated ion-beam application and the following PET acquisition. In the same way, respiratory motion was monitored during the irradiation and subsequent PET/CT scans of several patients with respiratory motion affected target volumes in the liver. In all cases, the knowledge or estimation (from 4D CT) of the target trajectory enabled a 4D analysis of the actual ion-beam delivery and the post-irradiation PET. The reconstructed 4D PET data were compared to the stationary reference (phantom study only) and to the results of a dedicated 4D MC simulation framework. In the simplified scenario of high dose irradiation of moving phantoms results comparable to the static reference measurements could be obtained by using the available gated 4D PET image reconstruction. However, time-resolved analysis of the clinical data was found to suffer from the very low counting statistics, hindering a reliable verification of the applied treatment under consideration of the tumour motion. Still, in the case of small respiratory motion amplitudes (below 1cm), therapy application could be verified by comparing the 3D reconstructed PET data to a 3D MC prediction.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128687712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829263
G. Angelis, M. Bickell, A. Kyme, W. Ryder, Lin Zhou, J. Nuyts, S. Meikle, R. Fulton
Attenuation correction of small animal PET data is very important when quantitative images are of interest. Attenuation correction coefficients are conventionally obtained via a transmission or a computed tomography scan, which require anaesthetisation of the animal. However, in the context of awake and/or freely moving animals, where animal motion is compensated via appropriate motion tracking and correction techniques, anaesthetisation is no longer required. In this work we investigate the accuracy of a transmission-less attenuation correction approach based on the segmentation of the motion corrected emission image. Results on both phantom and real rat data acquired on the microPET Focus220 scanner, indicate good agreement between the segmentation based and conventional transmission based approach (~ 2% difference). In addition, the segmentation based approach has the potential to eliminate noise propagation from the measured transmission data to the reconstructed attenuation corrected emission images.
{"title":"Calculated attenuation correction for awake small animal brain PET studies","authors":"G. Angelis, M. Bickell, A. Kyme, W. Ryder, Lin Zhou, J. Nuyts, S. Meikle, R. Fulton","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829263","url":null,"abstract":"Attenuation correction of small animal PET data is very important when quantitative images are of interest. Attenuation correction coefficients are conventionally obtained via a transmission or a computed tomography scan, which require anaesthetisation of the animal. However, in the context of awake and/or freely moving animals, where animal motion is compensated via appropriate motion tracking and correction techniques, anaesthetisation is no longer required. In this work we investigate the accuracy of a transmission-less attenuation correction approach based on the segmentation of the motion corrected emission image. Results on both phantom and real rat data acquired on the microPET Focus220 scanner, indicate good agreement between the segmentation based and conventional transmission based approach (~ 2% difference). In addition, the segmentation based approach has the potential to eliminate noise propagation from the measured transmission data to the reconstructed attenuation corrected emission images.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129265621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829633
Sangbum Hong, B. Seo, J. Moon
This study presents an advanced sampling evaluation method combined with Geostatistics and MARSSIM process for the estimation of the contamination level and uncertainty quantification. The developed evaluation method was applied for a final status survey after decommissioning the Uranium Conversion Plant. The evaluation results of the site generated 450 datasets with uncertainty from the Kriging, and the distribution was converted into a normal distribution, which can improve the reliability and reduce the required number of representative samples.
{"title":"Advanced sampling method for survey design after decommissioning nuclear facilities","authors":"Sangbum Hong, B. Seo, J. Moon","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2013.6829633","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an advanced sampling evaluation method combined with Geostatistics and MARSSIM process for the estimation of the contamination level and uncertainty quantification. The developed evaluation method was applied for a final status survey after decommissioning the Uranium Conversion Plant. The evaluation results of the site generated 450 datasets with uncertainty from the Kriging, and the distribution was converted into a normal distribution, which can improve the reliability and reduce the required number of representative samples.","PeriodicalId":246351,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124595522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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